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Oscillations In Pulse Frequency Modulated Control Systems, Warren Joseph Guy

Dissertations

This dissertation is concerned with oscillations and their stability which occur in a control system containing two nonlinearities, separated by linear elements. Specifically the nonlinearities are Integral Pulse Frequency Modulators and the linear elements are described by ordinary differential equations which are linear. The IPFM can be modelled by a quantizer with hysteresis and many other PFM laws are related to IPFM, thus the study applies to more than just IPFM alone.

Boundaries on the system parameters are identified within which free oscillation may be possible. These boundaries give sufficient conditions for stability and necessary conditions for instability. Also since …

Nucleus 1970, Newark College Of Engineering

Yearbooks

This is a digitized, downloadable version of the Newark College of Engineering Nucleus.

Packed Column Simulation, Frederick W. Schmidt

Theses

The most difficult and time consuming aspect of the design of packed columns is the hydraulic part. If the designer wants to try many different conditions, many repetitive calculations will have to be performed. Also, some inaccuracy is incurred when trying to use the U.S. Stoneware curves. The graphs are hard to read and almost impossible to interpolate between the parametric lines. The purpose of the program is to give a more accurate calculation by using equations for the pressure drop lines, interpolating between them and correcting for gas density for each foot of packing. The program also allows changes …

An Economic Evaluation Of A Pressure Sulfuric Acid Manufacturing Plant, Daniel A. Marlin

Theses

The production of Sulfuric Acid at elevated pressures is presented with the economics for operating at one, three, five, seven, nine and thirteen atmospheres. The conventional and pressure plants are compared operating on the same basis.

The basis for a pressure plant design is obtained from an I.B.M. 1130 computer program developed for One Thousand Net Tons per Day of Sulfuric Acid. Recognized operating conditions for a conventional acid plant are incorporated in the pressure plant design program.

Sulfuric Acid manufacture with operating pressures higher than atmospheric, but less than five atmospheres, results in maximum rate of return on investment …

The Computer Evaluation Of The Natural Frequencies Of Vibrating Circular Plates With Free, Fixed And Simply Supported Edges, Thomas Michael Juliano

Theses

The natural frequencies of the transverse vibration of a thin, isotropic, circular plate with free, clamped, and simply supported edge conditions were studied extensively. The frequency equation for each edge condition was derived from the classical partial differential equation of plate vibration. These equations, which are in terms of Bessel functions, were then solved numerically to find the natural frequencies. Since the accuracy of the Bessel function values is very important in evaluating these frequencies, a comprehensive digital computer program was devised to calculate these values to eleven digit accuracy. In this Bessel function program four different methods were required …

The Application Of A Non-Newtonian Rheological Equation To Low-Density Polyethylene, Jeffrey N. Goldstein

Theses

A generalized non-Newtonian equation describing the rheology of molten thermoplastics is verified for low-density polyethylenes. The equation is extended to account for both rheological temperature dependency and polyethylene molecular weight dependency. The prediction of the rheology of new polyethylenes without additional experimentation is thus possible.

The Oxidation Of Sulfur Dioxide In A Regenerative Reactor, Raymond Henry Edgecomb

Theses

A novel dual-unit sulfuric acid converter is depicted that performs in cyclic operation in unsteady state. A mathematical model and IBM 1130 Computer program were developed to show the temperature and conversion profiles in commercial-sized vanadium oxide catalyst beds. In the catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide conversions of 95-97% were attained without benefit of conventional heat exchangers. A single exchanger operating in conjunction with the dual-unit system might attain conversions as high as 99%.

Batch Heat Transfer To Suspensions In An Agitated Vessel, John Philip Horzepa

Theses

Batch heat transfer data was experimentally determined for two phase (solid?liquid) systems in a baffled agitated vessel. Three iron oxide and water and two kaolin and water suspensions were evaluated and were found to be pseudoplastic. A total of 231 heating and cooling data points were examined. Each suspension was evaluated using anchor, paddle, propeller and turbine impellers. Various sizes of the latter three impellers were used.

The experimental heat transfer results for suspensions were compared with the Hagedorn and Salamone correlation for pseudoplastic liquids. Only partial agreement with the more dilute suspensions was obtained. Overall, the data for suspensions …

Determination Of The Electronic State Of Aryl Nitrenes In An Intramolecular C-H Insertion Reaction, Ali Mohammad Khonsari

Theses

β,γ-Dideuteriopropylbenzene was obtained in 84% yield from deuteration of allylbenzene. Nitration of this compound resulted in o-nitro (β,γ-dideuteriopropyl)-benzene. Reduction of this compound gave o-(β,γ-aideuterio-propyl)aniline. o-(β,γ-Dideuteriopropyl)phenyl azide was prepared by dizotization of the aniline compound, followed by treatment with sodium azide.

Decomposition of the azide in isooctane solution by photolysis at room temperature gave no trace of deuterio-2-methylindoline (intramolecular insertion product).

Photolysis of the azide at the reflux temperature of the solvent (99?C) resulted in the formation of deuterated-2-methylindoline as the major product (40%) yield. The reaction is presumed to proceed through an aryl nitrene intermediate. Analysis of the nuclear magnetic …

A Comparative Analysis Of Multicomponent Distillation Minimum Reflux Methods, Joesph H. F. Loozen

Theses

One of the most important factors to know in the design of distillation columns is the minimum reflux ratio. Numerous procedures have been developed for the determination of the value of the minimum reflux ratio for multicomponent mixtures requiring various degrees of computational effort. Shortcut techniques are obviously advantageous with respect to computation time. After reviewing the available methods, those by Underwood, Colburn, Scheibel and Montross, Murdoch and Holland, and Shiras et al. were selected for further evaluation, mainly on the basis of practical potential.

Comparison of these procedures was accomplished by calculating the minimum reflux ratio for a large …

The Optimization Of A Catalytic Methanol Reactor Using Quench Feed, John Paul Mcburney

Theses

The production of methanol in a catalytic quench feed reactor is studied by means of a computerized model and optimized in terms of total reactor length necessary to achieve a given production rate. The methanol reaction rate can be maximized in a quench reactor through the use of cold stream feeds along the length of reactor.

Since the methanol reaction temperature is restricted to an upper limit of 405°C, the addition of cold stream feed along the adiabatic reactor enables the desired conversion to be reached. For two given levels of conversion, 12% and 15%, an optimum inlet temperature, quench …

A Computer Program For The Optimization Of Binary Distillation In A Dual-Column System, Richard Vincent O'Lenick

Theses

A computer program is presented for the optimization of a two-column distillation system involving a two-component mixture. The economic reflux ratios in each column are determined using the McCabe-Thiele Method. Activity coefficients are computed by either the Wilson equation, the Margules equation, or both. The program is general and may be used for any binary system where the assumption of constant molal overflow is valid.

Options in the program permit use of either column in separate calculation schemes.

While the optimization effort was prepared in general terms, the initial work was directed toward the acetone-water system. Full data for this …

Effect Of Column Diameter On Mixing In Water Fluidized Beds, Donald P. Schiesl

Theses

In this investigation, the effect of column diameter and flow rate on the mixing characteristics of fluidized beds were studied.

Tests were made on columns of 4, 6, 8 and 10 inches in diameter using water to fluidize glass beads of 0.0185 inches in diameter. The tests were run both at minimum and three times minimum fluidization. Step, impulse, and sinusoidal forcing signals were fed to the columns, using a sodium chloride solution as a tracer with the inlet and outlet concentrations being monitored continuously by a conductivity recorder.

The result of this study showed increased fluid dispersion with increasing …

The Effect Of Polymerization Variables On Reaction Rate And Intrinsic Viscosity, David H. Smith

Theses

The free radical solution polymerization of vinyl acetate in benzene was studied under simulated commercial conditions. The effects of monomer, initiator, inhibitor, and chain transfer agent concentration on the reaction rate and intrinsic viscosity were examined. The initial reaction rates with monomer concentrations from 40% to 70% and AIBN concentrations from 0.2% to 0.5% were in agreement with the kinetic equation, - d[M]/dT = K[M]² [I]^1/2. After the initial reaction there was an increase in the reaction rate apparently associated with high viscosities, which is consistent with the Trommsdorff effect. The addition of hundredths of a percent …

Fluid Friction Reduction By Water Soluble Linear High Polymers, Arthur Edward Davis

Theses

The effects of various dilute aqueous linear high polymer solutions on turbulent pipe flow were studied to determine the polymer most suitable for testing as the drag reducing component in the proposed coating. Results of this study are presented for commercial schedule 40 1/4 inch NPS black iron pipe. Tests were conducted at Reynolds numbers of 6.2x10⁴,8.3x10⁴ and 9.8x10⁴.

Attempts were made to prepare a coating containing a friction drag reducing polymer - Polyhall 295 polyacrylamide - utilizing various techniques of polymer incorporation into the paint including several grinding and dispersion methods, adding the polymer …

Newark College Of Engineering Graduate Programs 1970-71 Academic Year, New Jersey Institute Of Technology

Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Simulation Of Periodic Tank Reactors, Noshir Pirojshaw Mistry

Dissertations

Normally it is assumed that the steady state mode of operation is most desirable for the design of the chemical reactor system. However it appears that this assumption may not be correct in many cases.

In the present work disturbances of various types were externally created and forced on a system comprising an isothermal continuous stirred tank reactor. The effects of these purposefully created disturbances were investigated by mathematically modelling the system and simulating it on a digital computer.

The change in reactor performance, as defined by the percentage change in the production rate from the steady state value, can …

The Effect Of Organic And Inorganic Salt On The Relative Volatility Of Non-Aqueous Systems, Glenn W. Lindberg

Theses

The effects of dissolved salts on the vapor-liquid equilibrium of two non-aqueous binary systems have been studied. Vapor-liquid equilibrium data were taken for the binary systems ethanol - n-hexane and ethanol - hexene-1. Then potassium acetate was dissolved in each of the binary systems at a level of 1.5 mole per cent and equilibrium data were collected. The effect of the dissolved potassium acetate at this low concentration was found to be minimal.

Greater levels of salt solubility could be achieved only in the binary systems containing high ethanol concentrations. Consequently, the 15 mole per cent n-hexane in ethanol binary …

P-V-T Properties Of Hydrogen And Mixtures Containing Hydrogen (With A Generalized B-W-R Equation Of State), Arnold Brief

Theses

A Generalized B-W-R Equation of State is tested for hydrogen which is a quantum gas and for systems containing hydrogen.

The gases and systems studied are: hydrogen, nitrogen-hydrogen methane-hydrogen and ethane-hydrogen.

The pressure is calculated using observed P-V-T data and the deviation is computed therefrom. For the pure gas, hydrogen, the generalized equation is compared against the original B-Vi-R equation. For mixtures, the Gunn-Chueh-Prausnitz method which is used to calculate the pseudo-critical conditions of the mixture is compared against the Prausnitz-Gunn method.

The ranges studied in this paper are as follows:pure hydrogen 30-773°K and 1 to 1200 atm., n itrogen-hydrogen …

Correlation Of 1/F Noise With Threshold Drift In Mosfet's, John Peter Rooney

Theses

A brief review of the fundamentals of MOSFET's is given. A correlation between threshold drift and surface states is made, with a following correlation between surface states and 1/f noise. It therefore follows that MOSFET's with a high 1/f noise level will drift more than those with a low level of 1/f noise. Experiments were carried out to show this effect, but no clear cut conclusions can be drawn from the experimental work.

A Computer Program For Determining Hinshelwood Rate Mechanisims From Nonisothermal Pellet Data, Joseph J. Atkins

Theses

Methods of determining Hinshelwood rate correlations from non isothermal catalyst data was studied. It was determined for any chemical system involving a reacting gas mixture over a porous catalyst a node analysis could be used to determine chemical concentration and temperature variation through the pellet. Calculation performed with a spectra 360/Fortran 4 program defined the Hinshelwood equation from estimated surface rates. Then utilising nods analysis to determine concentration and temperature variance, transport and rate equations were integrated through the pellet to obtain a total pellet rate of reaction. For acceptance of Hinshelwood equations the calculated total rate must equal the …

Hypothetical Liquid Fugacity Coefficients, Douglas F. Patterson

Theses

The object of this thesis was to derive values of the hypothetical liquid fugacity coefficient of carbon dioxide for various temperatures and pressures. Most of the temperatures studied were above the critical temperature of carbon dioxide and thus carbon dioxide could not truly exist as a pure liquid. Hence the prefix "hypothetical" was used to acknowledge this apparent discrepancy. Carbon dioxide was purposely chosen for this reason. Also,the necessary data for carbon dioxide were generally more available than for any other normally gaseous solute.

The hypothetical liquid fugacity coefficients were derived from the published binary vapor-liquid equilibrium data of carbon …

The Effect Of Flow Rate And L/D Ratio On The Frequency Response Of Water Fluidized Beds, Arnold Ludke

Theses

In this investigation, the dynamics of a water fluidized bed with varying L/D ratio and flow rate were analyzed both theoretically and experimentally, and the results of the two were compared.

The theoretical analysis was based on the standard method of Laplace transforms and transfer function synthesis.

The experimental investigation was conducted using standard frequency response techniques.

The mathematical model used consisted of a series of non-interacting perfectly mixed cells plus a distance velocity lag.

At low flow rates (3 to 6 times minimum fluidization velocity) the experimental data (in the form of Bode plots) were found to be in …

A New Technique For The Solution Of Free Convection Mass Transfer Boundary Value Problems, James Lewis Putman

Theses

Free convection mass transfer in boundary layer flow due to density difference in an isothermal model was studied. Previous work was examined and a quasilinearization technique was chosen to linearize the system of nonlinear partial differential equations resulting from the boundary layer continuity, momentum, and diffusion equations. This system of linear ordinary differential equations was solved by a computer program utilizing an iterative Gauss Jordan matrix solution technique. Results are presented and the convergence rate of the variables is plotted for each variable as a function of the distance from the boundary layer.

Thin Layer Ionophoresis Of Sugars, Joseph Gilbert Vrindten

Theses

In 1952, Consden and Stanier published a report on paper ionophoresis of sugars in which they showed experimentally an increase in mobility of sugars with increasing pH in borate buffers. The object of the experiments in this thesis was to determine if this finding was also true of thin layer plates, there being no published literature on similar experiments using thin layer ionophoresis.

Glass plates 20 cm. x 20 cm. were coated with a 300 micron layer of cellulose powder and dried at 105° C. for one hour. They were then stored in an airtight tin box until ready for …

Enthalpy Deviations For The System Methane - Carbon Dioxide, Fred S. Winter

Theses

Enthalpy deviations for the gaseous system, Methane and Carbon Dioxide were developed using the Redlich-Kwong equation of state. Values of enthalpy deviation were obtained at 0.0, 0.0852, 0.19912, 0.3583, 0.6685 and 1.0 weight fraction Methane, at temperatures of 100° F, 280° F and 460° F, at pressures between 200 and 10,000 PSIA.

A computer program in Fortran IV language was developed for solving the Redlich-Kwong equation in terms of the compressibility factor.

The Redlich-Kwong expression for enthalpy deviation, in combination with graphical methods was used to produce the results.

Rheology Of Asbestos Filled Polystyrene, Richard Henry Young

Theses

A capillary rheometer was used to generate data showing the volumetric flow rate at various pressures for a polystyrene resin and for an asbestos filled polystyrene. Variables evaluated were per cent asbestos and temperature. These data were then used to calculate the maximum shear stress at the capillary wall and the corresponding maximum velocity gradient (shear rate) at the capillary wall. A rheological equation containing three constants was employed to relate the shear stress to the shear rate. In addition, a simple relationship was found between the values of two of the constants and the per cent asbestos. There is …

Nucleus 1969, Newark College Of Engineering

Yearbooks

This is a digitized, downloadable version of the Newark College of Engineering Nucleus.

Concepts In Lsi Servo-Control-Electronics, Alfons Alfred Tuszynski

Dissertations

This thesis deals with the engineering aspects of control electronics. It examines modern concepts of servo-control theory in the light of recent developments in the technology of monolithic circuits. Applicational considerations are slanted towards Aerospace standards of reliability and power-consumption economy.

Conclusions drawn from the discussion of fabrication constraints and performance requirements lead to a preference for digital implementations. Yield problems on one hand and aging effects on the other greatly reduce the feasibility rating of analog arrays.

Current practice in servo-control electronics revolves around purely analog implementations, sampled-data systems and Primitive on-off arrangements. The motivation behind the status quo …

Financing The Nuclear Fuel Requirements Of Public Utilities, Peter A. Lewis

Theses

A major portion of new electric generating capacity will be nuclear powered. The change to nuclear power will require large outlays of capital not required with conventional fuels to finance nuclear fuel inventories. Nuclear fuel financing requirements are unique because nuclear fuel is not consumed in the same manner as conventional fuels. Financing has not been a problem to date because nuclear fuel can be obtained only through lease from the Atomic Energy Commission. This arrangement will be terminated by June 30, 1973 and from that date on all nuclear fuel must be privately owned. Electric utilities have shown an …