Digital Commons Network^™

Quantitative Determination Of Formaldehyde In Ambient Air, Wen-Shao Chou

Theses

Formaldehyde has been shown in the laboratory to play a critical role in the chemistry of polluted air. The method which we discuss in this paper was evaluated under practical field conditions in the Northern New Jersey Staten Island Urban Air Toxics Project. Formaldehyde in ambient air is concentrated and derived by passing a known quantity of air through a silica column impregnated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). The silica is eluted with acetonitrile and the concentration of formaldehyde is determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) with UV detection. A description of procedural details for coating silica cartridges with 2,4-DNPH acidified …

The Kinetics And Mechanism Of Photo-Oxidation Of Acrylonitrile And Acetonitrile With Hydrogen Peroxide And Ozone In Wastewater, Jung-Yuan Yeh

Theses

The study presents three types of Advanced Oxidation Processes , Ozone with UV, Ozone with Hydrogen Peroxide in the presence of UV, Various Hydrogen peroxide dosages and PH levels in the presence of UV.

A reaction kinetic model was proposed. The reaction rate constants and mass transfer coefficients are determined by a series of experiments and the use of the Rosenbrock Hillclimb Optimization Algorithm in conjuction with the Fourth ¬Order Runge - Kutta method on a digital computer.

Experimental results indicated that the Hydrogen peroxide with UV at low PH level has been proven more effective for the treatment of …

The Magnetotransport Analysis Of Hemt Structures At Low Fields, Naghmeh Nouri

Theses

On the basis of a study on numerous HEMT structures, a simple and useful technique was established for the characterization of 2DEG layers. This technique utilizes the magnetic field-dependence of the resistivity and Hall coefficient of the HEMT structure, to determine the values of the sheet density and mobility of 2DEG in the presence of other parallel conductive layers. This method of analysis was compared with previously used techniques such as Shubnikov-de Haas and the etch removal of the parallel conductive layers. Through this comparison and several measurements it was found that this procedure gives reproducible values for the 2DEG …

Investigation Of The Fluid Dynamics Of Bioprosthetic Heart Valves, Carol A. Calta

Theses

There is a strong connection between altered arterial blood flow and vascular disease. The presence of disturbed flow and/or excessive turbulence is an indication of an abnormality within the cardiovascular system. The examination of cardiovascular fluid dynamics provides insights into the working of the cardiovascular system and ways to improve the design of implantable bioprosthetic valve designs. This investigation examines the fluid flow of arterial systems, and ways to apply this knowledge to the valves implanted into patients.

This thesis involves an investigation of the testing of bioprosthetic valves within simulated left heart flow loops. These systems include pulse duplicators …

Degradation Of Refractory Organic Pollutants In Tar, Water And Soil Matrices By Ozone Or Hydrogen Peroxide With Ultraviolet Light, Liang-Jiun Uang

Theses

The objective of this research is to develop a method to degrade refractory Tar materials, higher molecular weight 3-5 ring Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH's) or degrading these highly refractory PAH structures so that they are amenable to further treatment by biological or chemical methods. The process utilized to achieve this is to treat contaminated soils or tar materials with hydrogen peroxide or ozone plus ultraviolet light. Analysis of 27 specific PAH's was done by gas chromatograph (Flame Ionization Detection) for the reactants and products. The contaminated soil showed significantly lower levels of these PAH's after treatment.

Correlation Between Particle Velocities And Conditions Of Abrasive Waterjet Formation, Wei-Long Chen

Dissertations

The velocities of water and abrasive particles in abrasive waterjet(AWJ) were measured by the use of Laser Transit Anemometer(LTA). A setup for the velocity measurement was constructed and a statistical technique was used to improve the accuracy of the velocity determination. A comparison of the magnitude of velocities determined by LTA, Piezoelectric Force Transducer and Schlieren Photograph clearly indicates the feasibility of the use of LTA.

The velocities of water and particles were measured for different diameters of water and slurry nozzles, abrasive mass flow rates and particle sizes. The performed experiments enabled us to evaluate the effects of conditions …

Application Of Microwave Technology To Effect On-Site Regeneration Of Gac, K.C. Mahesh

Theses

The off-site regeneration of granulated activated charcoal(GAC), spent as a result of stripping of organics from aqueous waste streams, represents a burdensome cost both because of the actual cost of regeneration and legal liability associated with shipping a hazardous waste off-site: that liability is reflected in huge potential costs associated with mishaps enroute for the self-insured or high premiums paid to the casualty insurance companies for those generators that are insured by third parties. Thus there is a need for the development of a process to effect on-site regeneration of spent GAC cost-effectively.

This thesis mainly focuses on the technical …

Aqueous Absorption Of Nox Induced By Sodium Chlorite Oxidation, Chen-Lu Yang

Theses

Aqueous scrubbing in alkaline media for the removal of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) from flue gases using NaClO₂ as an oxidant is being investigated in the Chemical Engineering Department of New Jersey Institute of Technology. This thesis presents the findings of an experimental program that was conducted to estimate the capability of NaClO₂ aqueous solution to oxidize insoluble NO to soluble NO₂ in order to increase its solubility and thus prevent NO_x emission from entering the atmosphere from flue gases emitted by municipal incinerators or power plants.

The key findings of this program are:

* …

Toward A Model Of Instruction For Architecture Design Studio, Garry Allen Perryman

Theses

This inquiry addresses some fundamental issues raised in a debate over the effectiveness of architecture studio instruction. It argues that as currently structured the studio's potential effectiveness is often unrealized, because of the paucity of standardized educational resources and instructor's lack of training in educational theories of instruction. This has resulted in instructional planning that is seldom structured on educational theory or research. It is also argued that in order to maximize it's effectiveness, beginning studio instruction must be premised upon a theory of instruction which includes specifying explicit instructional goals and objectives and that this would create a more …

Robotic Arms With Flexible Links As The Links Approach Rigidity, George A. Downes

Theses

The dynamics of single link flexible robotic arms are modeled using the Bernoulli-Euler beam equation and Lagrange's equation. The Bernoulli-Euler beam equation derivation is reviewed and is studied in the limiting case as the flexiblity approaches zero. Using the Bernoulli-Euler beam equation, a procedure is developed to calculate the position of the endpoint of a link given the displacement, slope or curvature of any point on the link. Also a procedure is developed to calculate the minimum Young's modulus of elasticity, E, given a specified endpoint displacement tolerance.

A rigid link model based on Lagrange's equation and a flexible link …

Theoretical Analysis Of Universal Joint With Manufacturing And Assembly Tolerances, Xiaosong Liu

Theses

The model for a Cardan joint with manufacturing and assembly tolerances is a spatial four-bar mechanism with one rotating and three cylindrical joints. In this thesis, dual-number coordinate transformation matrices and Newtonian mechanics are applied to provide a concise description of the kinetics of the universal joint. The dual-Euler equations are used to derive the dynamic equations of the Cardan joint. The analytical technique presented here yields explicit expressions. It will provide the designer with better insight into the workings of the kinematics and dynamics of the Cardan joint.

The equations of statics and dynamics of the frictionless universal joint …

Equation Of Interaction Diagrams For Prestressed Concrete Columns, Angamuthu Palaniappan

Theses

A general analysis and design equation for prestressed concrete column is proposed. This equation represents the strength interaction diagrams of prestressed concrete columns under bending about one axis and combined with axial load. The equation proposed is a modification of the one developed by Dr. Hsu, C.T. Thomas for reinforced concrete columns published in the ACI structural journal in 1988. The analytical results were compared with the results of tests on 30 eccentrically loaded prestressed columns reported by H.R. Brown and A.S. Hall. The results were in good agreement with the static analysis and the above mentioned test reports. The …

Design And Analysis Of An Intracranial Pressure And Temperature Sensor Telemetry System, Anshumat Parasar

Theses

This thesis presents a signal conditioning and telemetry system for an implantable pressure and temperature transducer. The initial target application is for measuring the epidural intracranial pressure in the range of 25-100 millitorr and temperature over the range 90 — 110° F. The implant, based on custom silicon IC design can be packaged within a volume of 2cm3 and will require surgical procedures for placement and removal. Effort has been made in this thesis to design the transducer, associated signal conditioning and telemetry circuits for useful operation over a wide range of power supply voltage. The implanted device is powered …

On-Line Dot Matrix Code Verification, Thatta V. Premnath

Theses

Machine vision principles are increasingly applied in the areas of manufacturing and automated inspection. The objective of this thesis work is to investigate different methods that could be implemented for matching printed dot matrix characters with the actual characters to be printed.

In support to this investigation, a survey of various methods proposed by researchers in the field of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is presented. Survey includes a detailed description of the state-of-the art methods. It is shown that due to restrictions of hardware cost and the time available to inspect each character, the standard approaches are not practical. Hence, …

Study Of Acetone Extractable Organic Matter From Airborne Particulate Matter From An Urban Site, Wenhui Wu

Theses

Two seasonal periods (Winter 1988; Summer 1988) of daily Newark urban air samples were collected on glass fiber filters. Each filter was first extracted with dichloromethane and subsequently with acetone. Quarterly composites of each were then tested for mutagenicity. The results of the analysis of the less polar dichloromethane extracts were reported in the thesis of Junghen Lwo. A modified fractionation scheme involving acid-base partitioning and silica gel column chromatography has been used as the first step in the bioassay-directed search for significant levels of mutagenic compounds in extracts of inhalable (IP 10) ambient air particulates. The biologically "hot" fractions …

Analysis Of C2 And C3 Hydrocarbons In Ambient Air. Part 1 ; Development Of Simple Analysis For Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Part 2, Li-Li Wu

Theses

SECTION I

A method was developed to analyze C₂ and C₃ light hydrocarbons: Acetylene, Ethylene, Ethane, Propyne, Propylene and Propane levels in the ambient air. Chlorinated compounds which eluted within the gas chromatograph operation conditions needed for the above hydrocarbons included Freon 12 and Methylene chloride, were also monitored.

Samples were collected from two sites, one located at Carteret and one at Elizabeth New Jersey. Samples were taken from September 1988 through July 1989. The sampling method used stainless steel canisters and was set up to collect 24 hour air samples at a constant flow rate of 30-35 …

A Comparison Study Between The Tenax Trap And The Canister Collection Methods For Determination Of Volatile Organic Compounds, Li-Ching Lillian Hung

Theses

A comparison between the analytical methods for determination of volatile organic compounds, using Tenax GC as an adsorbent and using stainless steel canister collection is made.

Sample collection, analytical system and procedures, data analyses, as well as their fortes and their drawbacks, etc., are discussed.

In addition, a brief description of the developmental history of the above methods as used in the Air Pollution Research Laboratory at the New Jersey Institute of Technology in Newark, New Jersey, is given.

Process Modelling Of The Nitration Of Toluene, Nitin K. Shah

Theses

The thesis on the process modelling of the nitration process focuses specifically on the product separation of the nitrated aromatic material from the reactor and - wash section of the process. Included in the text is an overview of the main process steps associated with the production of para and ortho-nitrotoluene. The critical issues concerning the reaction of nitric acid and toluene were summerized, and resulted in this subject being deferred for future work.

The separation of the isomers into pure components is an important. part of the MNT process because of the close high boiling points of the isomeric …

Recursive System Identification Using Least Squares Method, Gholamreza Ghorbani Moghadam

Theses

Input and output sampling, in addition to computer simulations, are now an integral part of system identification. In this thesis, the concept of analyzing any time invariant continuous deterministic system will be developed by identifying a linear discrete - time system equivalent to the continuous one. In this method, two computer programs are written in pascal. The first program applies the Recursive Least Squares Method to discrete - time systems in order to estimate the system components. The second program estimates the future output of the system. Four systems have then identified using the programs.

In this process, system identification …

Adaptive Transform Coding Of Video With Motion Compensation And Vector Quantization, Jung-Hui Chien

Theses

This thesis proposes an efficient transform coding scheme for the low bit rate video sequence. The redundancy within adjacent video frame is exploited by motion compensated interframe prediction using the efficient independent orthogonal search technique, and the motion compensated frame difference (MCFD) signal is transform coding by 1-D DCT, 1-D HDCT and 2-D DCT, the coefficients are zonal masked, and vector quantizatied adaptively. The encoded MCFD as well as the motion information and variance grouping (side informations) are transmitted to the receiver to reconstruct the frame. The transform MCFD signal is classified into the four groups according to the coefficient …

Protein Separation With Mathematical Modeling For Chromatographic Operation, Hsien-Chih Ma

Dissertations

We have performed experiments and derived mathematical models for packed bed columns used for liquid phase chromatographic separations of proteins with impulse input of feed solutions. These models can now be used to describe the relationships between the elution characteristics (peak height, peak position, and shapes) and the operating conditions (flow rate and buffer conditions) of ion exchange and gel permeation column chromatography for protein separations.

The surface adsorption model was discussed relative to the nature of the mobile and stationary phases in ion exchange column chromatography for two distinct cases: with and without pore diffusion. For large solute molecules, …

Towards A Theory Of Planning Aesthetics : Application To University Commons, Newark, Kathy M. Gonzalez

Theses

A theory of planning aesthetics will be developed and discussed in relation to a portion of the university area of Newark consisting of N.J.I.T., Rutgers, Essex County College, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. The site is just east of the campuses and contains the Newark Museum and the Newark Library.

The aesthetics of order will be covered at a community scale (the urban context) which will then be detailed as a study of the fractile portion of that entity (the building entity) relative to open spaces which give both entities character. Important in this work is three-dimensional …

Computerize Data Information For Architecture Design, Syau-Yi Yu

Theses

Computer-aided architectural design is technically and commercially feasible yet experience in the architectural profession to date is paradoxical. Many who apply computers to architecture appear satisfied but the tangible benefits are seldom obvious and even where computers are used in firms it is not done to the fullest potential. Contents of this thesis are an attempt to help architecture better utilize the advantages of computer applications.To do this it is important to examine two question: what is design and what is the computer? They are similar yet distinct. Architectural design is a special kind of problem solving process; an information …

Effects Of N>M Clos Networks On Edge Coloring And Matrix Decomposition Algorithms, Ming-Hsing Lin

Theses

Considered in this thesis are n > m Clos networks on edge coloring and matrix decomposition algorithms. This work uses a two-fold approach to examine the effects of n > m Clos networks on edge coloring and matrix decomposition algorithms. First, edge coloring and matching on bipartite multigraphs are applied to routing on Clos networks. It is demonstrated that edge coloring algorithms which find a minimum edge coloring set up the routing for n > m Clos networks with redundancy. The results presented here indicate that the Euler coloring algorithm has applications on n > m Clos networks because it has fast time complexity …

Optimization Of Throughput And Stability For Csma/Cd Channel, Liangshyng Jou

Theses

Multiple access technologies plays an important role in designing distributed computer communication system. Here, CSMA/CD has attracted researchers' attentions in the last ten years. In this paper, based on attributions of the slotted, nonpersistent CSMA/CD system, performance of CSMA/CD channel is analyzed. Adaptive Retransmission Technique is adopted to obtain the maximum throughput. Also, equilibrium contours are derived to discuss the stability of the system. And use FET to measure the stability of CSMA/CD channel that FET gives an approximate measure of the average uptime of an unstable channel.

Hplc Analysis Of Pah And Selected Substituted Derivatives In Waste Incinerator Emission Particles. Section I. Analysis Of Uptake Of Bap By Earthworms Living In Bap-Contaminated Soils. Section Ii, Chin-Fang Juang

Theses

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAH ) are quite persistent and some of them are potent carcinogens in mammals. They have been found in many environmental media including air, water, soil, fly ash, sediment, sewage sludge, food and plants. This thesis is a study of PAH sampled from incinerator emissim particulates, air, soil, and earthworms raised in artificially contaminated soil.

In Section I, a method is described for the analysis of PAH, nitro-PAH and quinones extracted from filters and detected by HPLC. They were collected on particulate filters which were sampled using the EPA Modified Method 5 regime from incinerator emissions. …

Undergraduate Catalog, 1989-1991, New Jersey Institute Of Technology, New Jersey Institute Of Technology

Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Biodegradation Of Benzene And A Btx Mixture Using Immobilized Activated Sludge, Mayur Padamshi Lodaya

Dissertations

Aerobic biodegradation of benzene was studied using activated sludge immobilized in calcium alginate (immobilization by entrapment), and also attached to a silica based catalyst.support (immobilization by attachment). Hydrogen peroxide was used as a source of dissolved oxygen to eliminate physical removal of benzene due to aeration. Abiotic losses of benzene were accounted for.

A recirculation reactor, run in both batch and continuous feed mode, was used to determine the kinetic parameters. The system response was examined by tollowing changes in benzene concentration, flow rate, and biomass loading. The system was modeled mathematically and the kinetic parameters were determined.

Biological removal …

Kinematic Synthesis Of Mechanisms For Multiply Separated Positions, Hyoung Jun Kim

Dissertations

The rigid body motion is studied in a combination of finitely and infinitesimally separated positions in planar, spherical, and spatial kinematics. A general new method for determining the locations of points and/or lines in a rigid body moving through finitely and infinitesimally separated positions is developed. These points and/or lines would satisfy the constraints of various types of binary links for planar, spherical, and spatial mechanisms.

A unified form of circle-point curve equation is derived for finitely and multiply separated position problems in planar and spherical motions. A graphical method to construct the circle-point and center-point curves and Ball point …

Fault-Tolerant Interconnection Networks For Multiprocessor Systems, Hamed Mohamed Nassar

Dissertations

Interconnection networks represent the backbone of multiprocessor systems. A failure in the network, therefore, could seriously degrade the system performance. For this reason, fault tolerance has been regarded as a major consideration in interconnection network design. This thesis presents two novel techniques to provide fault tolerance capabilities to three major networks: the Baseline network, the Benes network and the Clos network.

First, the Simple Fault Tolerance Technique (SFT) is presented. The SFT technique is in fact the result of merging two widely known interconnection mechanisms: a normal interconnection network and a shared bus. This technique is most suitable for networks …