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Undrained Behaviour Of Cohesionless Soils Under Cyclic And Transient Loading, M. P. Luong, J. F. Sidaner Apr 1981

Undrained Behaviour Of Cohesionless Soils Under Cyclic And Transient Loading, M. P. Luong, J. F. Sidaner

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An experimental approach using the conventional axisymmetric triaxial apparatus suggested the introduction of a new concept "the characteristic state" for cohesionless soils, associated with an interparticle friction angle which is an intrinsic factor corresponding to the interlocking capacity of the granular material. It offers a rather convenient framework for interpreting different mechanical aspects of soil behaviour under undrained cyclic loading. Sand liquefaction occurs only under alternating cyclic loading reaching the characteristic thresholds on both sides of zero deviatoric stress.

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Mechanism Of Soil Liquefaction, W. S. Wang Apr 1981

Mechanism Of Soil Liquefaction, W. S. Wang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A deeper inspection has been made into the physical meaning and mechanism of the soil liquefaction. Emphasis has been laid on the stress condition and stress evolution in saturated cohesionless soils during liquefaction. Typical examples have been described to demonstrate the process of stress evolution in soil liquefaction. Some other related factors such as limit equilibrium condition, strain and pore water pressure evolution in the saturated cohesionless soil mass under cyclic loading or vibration have also been discussed. It has been concluded that the state of stress in saturated cohesionless soils is bounded by limit equilibrium condition and approaches the …

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Effect Of Material Properties On Soil Liquefaction, I. Ishibashi, M. A. Sherif, W. L. Cheng Apr 1981

Effect Of Material Properties On Soil Liquefaction, I. Ishibashi, M. A. Sherif, W. L. Cheng

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Four material constants included in the pore-pressure buildup equation for saturated sands under earthquake loadings are determined as functions of grain size, soil angularity, coefficient of uniformity, and void ratio. This would allow engineers to readily calculate pore-pressure buildup as a function of time, and hence assess the liquefaction potential, for a given soil without conducting cyclic tests.

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Dynamic Behaviour Of Sandy Soil And Liquefaction, Tadanobu Sato, Toru Shibata, Ryoji Ito Apr 1981

Dynamic Behaviour Of Sandy Soil And Liquefaction, Tadanobu Sato, Toru Shibata, Ryoji Ito

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A mathematical model is formulated to present constitutive relation of sandy soil under cyclic loading. The fundamental concepts of kinematic and isotropic work-hardening plasticity theory are utilized here to obtain the relationship between rate of strain and rate of stress, in which the yield function, hardening function and plastic potential are proposed from experimental evidence and theoretical considerations. The predicted inelastic behaviour is compared with available experimental results of conventional cyclic triaxial tests, particularly of liquefaction phenomena.

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Session 2: Discussion & Replies, Multiple Authors Apr 1981

Session 2: Discussion & Replies, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Passive Earth Pressure During Earthquakes, H. Matsuzawa, A. Matsumura Apr 1981

Passive Earth Pressure During Earthquakes, H. Matsuzawa, A. Matsumura

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In order to investigate characteristics of the passive earth pressure during earthquakes against the front face of the part of sheet pile walls driven into the ground, dynamic earth pressure tests were performed by using a large scale oscillating soil bin. A movable wall from which inertial effects were eliminated was used in this study. The wall was moved toward sand filled in the bin during oscillation. The angle Φm deduced by inserting the observed peak wall load and wall friction angle at the maximum inertia force into the logarithmic spiral method was coincided with that of the static condition. …

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Numerical Computation Of Earth-Pressures During Earthquakes, D. Aubry, D. Chouvet Apr 1981

Numerical Computation Of Earth-Pressures During Earthquakes, D. Aubry, D. Chouvet

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

After reviewing sorre important features of earth pressures against retaining wall during earthquakes the authors propose an implicit-explicit scherre for time integration of the elastoplastic equations in dynamics. Same results obtained with the developed computer code are presented and discussed.

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Displacement Analysis Of Rigid Retaining Walls In Rocking, Shamsher Prakash, V. K. Puri, J. U. Khandoker Apr 1981

Displacement Analysis Of Rigid Retaining Walls In Rocking, Shamsher Prakash, V. K. Puri, J. U. Khandoker

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper presents a simple approach for computing rotational displacements of rigid retaining walls during an earthquake, an aspect that had not been considered so far (1981). The values of rotational displacements using the proposed method for various combinations of wall geometry, backfill material and ground motion parameters have been worked out. The values of rotational displacements have been compared with the values obtained by using available approaches for displacement analysis (sliding or overall) for rigid retaining walls and it is shown that the contribution of rotation to the overall displacement of the retaining wall may be quite significant in …

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Influence Of Soil-Structure Interaction On The Response Of Nuclear Power Stations Under Earthquake Excitation, J. Altes, D. Koschmieder Apr 1981

Influence Of Soil-Structure Interaction On The Response Of Nuclear Power Stations Under Earthquake Excitation, J. Altes, D. Koschmieder

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The influence of different soil properties on the response behaviour of buildings and components was investigated using the finite element method. The first example is concerned with a high temperature reactor. Floor response spectra and rocking of the prestressed reactor pressure vessel are calculated. In another example the influence of soil-structure interaction on the response of embedded buildings is shown.

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Dynamic Response Of Concrete Pavement, S. S. Bandyopadhyay Apr 1981

Dynamic Response Of Concrete Pavement, S. S. Bandyopadhyay

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The dynamic response of concrete pavement to a moving line load has been studied by idealizing the subgrade with different viscoelastic models. Complex Fourier Transformation has been used to solve the soil-structure interaction problem. The results are presented in non-dimensional form. The appropriate choice of models and the corresponding material constant values for different types of bases and/or subgrade generally used under concrete pavement have been discussed.

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Soil Structure Interaction Effects On The Response Of 210 Mw T.G. Frame Foundations, K. G. Bhatia Apr 1981

Soil Structure Interaction Effects On The Response Of 210 Mw T.G. Frame Foundations, K. G. Bhatia

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Design Office practice for the analysis and design of frame foundation generally ignores the soil structure interaction effects on the response of the frame foundation. A 210 MW T.G. frame foundation is analyzed using various standard approaches as well as using 3-0 finite element analysis. The analysis is carried out for fixed base as well as for elastic base conditions. Linear and rotational soil springs are considered to include the effect of base elasticity. The results of the analysis are presented. The analysis reveals that the soil structure interaction effects are significant both on the dynamic response parameters as …

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Settlement And Tilt Of Footings Under Eccentric Loads, P. Nandakumaran, K. Senathipathi Apr 1981

Settlement And Tilt Of Footings Under Eccentric Loads, P. Nandakumaran, K. Senathipathi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A simple and approximate theory to obtain the settlement and tilt of footings subjected to eccentric loading is described. Comparison with test data on a plate and one of the existing procedures for specific site conditions demonstrate the feasibility of the technique. It is concluded that when footings are subjected to vertical loads and moments, as during a seismic event, the proposed method can be employed with advantage.

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Importance Of Soil Anisotropy On Foundation Displacement Functions, George Gazetas Apr 1981

Importance Of Soil Anisotropy On Foundation Displacement Functions, George Gazetas

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Consideration is given to the effect of soil cross-anisotropy on the dynamic displacement functions of a rigid strip surface foundation subjected to vertical or horizontal forces and moments that vary harmonically with time and are distributed uniformly across the longitudinal axis so that plane strain conditions prevail. The results are obtained using an analytical-numerical formulation which models realistically the rough soil-foundation interface, properly accounts for phenomena associated with propagation of waves emanating from the foundation and considers linear hysteretic material damping in the soil. Particular emphasis is accorded to the sensitivity of the calculated frequency-dependent foundation displacements to the assumed …

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Interaction Of Railway Ties — Comparison With Seismic Wave Data, B. Prange Apr 1981

Interaction Of Railway Ties — Comparison With Seismic Wave Data, B. Prange

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The dynamic interaction problem of ties of a railway track is treated by a two-dimensional analytical solution. The resulting stiffness-functions are compared with the solution of the interaction problem of two foundations subjected to an incident Rayleigh wave. The compliances of a single tie and a system of interacting ties are given together with experimental data of a test track, excited by a new developed testing vehicle.

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Analysis Of Piles Under Dynamic Loading, L. R. Scatena Apr 1981

Analysis Of Piles Under Dynamic Loading, L. R. Scatena

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents a method of analyzing piles for transmission poles. The various design loads are summarized and the application of various types of load factors is described. Methods of determining required pier embedment and design shear stresses are recommended. Construction factors which might impact cost are also discussed.

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Design Concept Of Pile Foundation To Lateral Load Considering Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction, Soichi Kawamura, Akio Ikeda Apr 1981

Design Concept Of Pile Foundation To Lateral Load Considering Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction, Soichi Kawamura, Akio Ikeda

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

To rationalize the aseismic design of pile foundations it is essential to make clear the load conditions applied to piles. This paper describes 1) the results of earthquake motion measurement carried out in and around a pile-supported building, 2) the simulation using soil-pile structure lumped mass interaction model and 3) case study of typical combination models of structure and soil. Fundamentally both the seismic loads of super-structure and the forced deformation by surrounding soil should be applied to piles as external loads. In the coupling and evaluation of these loads the dynamic interaction among soil, pile and structure plays a …

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Probabilistic Response Of Multi-Support Structures On Non-Uniform Soil Conditions, S. E. Ruiz, L. Esteva Apr 1981

Probabilistic Response Of Multi-Support Structures On Non-Uniform Soil Conditions, S. E. Ruiz, L. Esteva

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Conventional seismic design criteria take values of internal forced and other response variables as those provided by an envelope to the values of those variables produced by in-phase motion of all supports. In structures extended in plan, such as long bridges, or founded on heterogeneous formations or irregular topography, such as dams, differences in ground motion among different supports may give to differences as compared with those produced by conventional analysis. In this paper ground motion is represented as stochastic process with evolutionary intensity and frequency content. A criterion for determining design responses, based on the variance of the response …

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Free Field And Design Motions During Earthquakes, T. Iwasaki Apr 1981

Free Field And Design Motions During Earthquakes, T. Iwasaki

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Recent development of free field ground motions and structural design motions are described with emphasis on investigations done in Japan. The results of analyses of peak free field accelerations and frequency characteristics of response spectra are discussed. Also the recent topics of studies on ground motions including strong-motion earthquake instrument arrays and soil-structure interaction problems are described with use of the results of measurements of strong -motion earthquakes.

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Effect Of Soil Parameters On High Velocity Projectile Penetration, D. Z. Yankelevsky Apr 1981

Effect Of Soil Parameters On High Velocity Projectile Penetration, D. Z. Yankelevsky

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A parameter analysis is performed on an analytical penetration model which has been recently developed. Figures are plotted to show how the disturbed zone size, parameters of displacement and stress fields and dynamic section pressure are dependent on soil compressibility, shear strength and mass density. Main results are presented and discussed.

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Dynamical Behavior Of A Pile Under Earthquake Type Loading, T. Kobori, R. Minai, K. Baba Apr 1981

Dynamical Behavior Of A Pile Under Earthquake Type Loading, T. Kobori, R. Minai, K. Baba

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In order to obtain a theoretical prediction on the seismic response of the soil-pile structure systems, the frequency response of the soil-pile system excited by ground incident waves may be necessary in addition to the response due to the excitation at the pile head. This paper is concerned with a theoretical analysis based on the three-dimensional wave propagation theory to find dynamical interaction characteristics of an elastic pile embedded in the viscoelastic soil stratum on a rigid bed rock, subjected to a concentrated external force or forced displacement at the pile head and to uniformly distributed bed rock motion. In …

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Dynamic Response Of An Embedded Structure Generated By A Sh-Wave, G. S. Yeh, T. W. Lin Apr 1981

Dynamic Response Of An Embedded Structure Generated By A Sh-Wave, G. S. Yeh, T. W. Lin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this investigation, a mathematical hybrid model developed previously is employed to study soil-structure interaction of embedded structure. In the analysis, the near field including the embedded structure and its surrounding foundation soil is modelled with a conventional finite element mesh, and the far field is modelled as a semi-infinite medium with a hemi-spherical pit. The impedance functions at the nodes around the special element, which have been determined analytically, can represent the behavior of outgoing propagation of waves. A concept of superposition is proposed to analyze the response of an embedded structure excited by an incoming SH-wave. The governing …

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Behavior Of Clays Subjected To Slow Cyclic Loading And Large Strains, Adel Sada, Louise Shook Apr 1981

Behavior Of Clays Subjected To Slow Cyclic Loading And Large Strains, Adel Sada, Louise Shook

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

One of the major considerations in the design of offshore structures is the effect of wave action on the foundation. This requires a study of the effects of cyclic loading on the soil properties. The anisotropic nature of clay soils, which results from sedimentation followed by K0 consolidation, plays an important role in its dynamic as well as its static behavior. An experimental program was undertaken to determine the trends in behavior of clays subjected to large strain cyclic loading. Thin long hollow cylinders of isotropic, and normally K0 consolidated and over consolidated clays, with varying degrees of anisotropy and …

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Long-Term Measurements Of Ground Motions Offshore, Eric W. Reece, David E. Ryerson, Robert L. Mcneill Apr 1981

Long-Term Measurements Of Ground Motions Offshore, Eric W. Reece, David E. Ryerson, Robert L. Mcneill

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Long-Term measurements of earthquake ground motions offshore, using the Sandia National Laboratories' SEMS device which records only the strongest motions and transmits them upon command to a boat at the surface, have shown that offshore ground motions may in certain cases be substantially different from empirically predicted ground motions based on onshore data. In particular, the attenuation effects of soft and/or gassy soils, the wedging of offshore deposits as a function of direction to and distance from the source, and sharp velocity-depth profiles, are shown to be possible actors contributing to such differences. For the well constrained recording to date, …

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Offshore Earthquake Geotechnology — Second Part, P. B. Selnes Apr 1981

Offshore Earthquake Geotechnology — Second Part, P. B. Selnes

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This second part of the paper discusses submarine slides and acoustic waves from earthquakes, and gives a general overview of aseismic design procedures. Problems which are specific or especially important for the offshore environment are pointed out and discussed in more detail.

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Seismic Pressure Distribution On Retaining Wall With Reinforced Earth Backfill, Swami Saran, D. V. Talwar Apr 1981

Seismic Pressure Distribution On Retaining Wall With Reinforced Earth Backfill, Swami Saran, D. V. Talwar

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

An analysis for determination of lateral thrust on a rigid retaining wall with reinforced earth backfill under seismic condition is described in this paper. The backfill is reinforced with horizontally laid unattached strips and an equivalent horizontal static force replaces the dynamic force. A Coulomb wedge is assumed to develop at limiting equilibrium. Analysis indicates substantial reduction in pressures on the wall due to reinforcement. An optimum length of reinforcing strips of 60 percent of height of wall is indicated.

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A Simple Method Of Estimating Seismic Pressures From Cohesive Soils Against Basement Walls, P. W. Taylor, Z. Lndrawan Apr 1981

A Simple Method Of Estimating Seismic Pressures From Cohesive Soils Against Basement Walls, P. W. Taylor, Z. Lndrawan

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Although this problem arises frequently in design practice, there is little guidance for the designer in current literature. The proposed method entails estimating the free-field soil deformation caused by a horizontal acceleration. Dynamic increase in earth pressure against an (effectively rigid) wall is assumed to be proportional to the free-field deformation, relative to the base of the wall, with an upper limit equal to full passive pressure. Dynamic pressures calculated using this method are compared with field evidence from published records of observations made on a building in Yokohama during an earthquake.

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A Simplified Elastic Model For Seismic Analysis Of Earth-Retaining Structures With Limited Displacements, A. Arias, F. J. Sanchez-Sesma, E. Ovando-Shelley Apr 1981

A Simplified Elastic Model For Seismic Analysis Of Earth-Retaining Structures With Limited Displacements, A. Arias, F. J. Sanchez-Sesma, E. Ovando-Shelley

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A simplified elastic model for analyzing static and dynamic interaction between earth-retaining structures and backfill within the range of small displacements is presented. The postulated model covers some of the available models as special cases. The model lends itself readily to the treatment of non-homogeneous backfills with elastic properties varying with depth. Internal (linear) damping in the backfill can be included without impairing the simplicity of the model. Radiation losses due to waves propagating horizontally in fills of semi-infinite extent are inherent to the postulated model. The solutions for some statical and dynamical problems of practical importance show satisfactory agreement …

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Seismic Response Of Retaining Structures, P. M. Byrne, F. Salgado Apr 1981

Seismic Response Of Retaining Structures, P. M. Byrne, F. Salgado

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A simple method of analysis which allows both the earthquake induced forces and displacements of retaining structures to be computed are presented. The method considers both the weight of the wall and the flexibility and strength of both the backfill and foundation soil. A single degree of freedom elastic-plastic model is used and the equation of motion is integrated to yield the time histories of wall force and displacement. The method is applied to a gravity retaining wall structure subjected to three different acceleration time histories. The results indicate that: (1) the dynamic displacements will be small for walls having …

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Session 3: Discussion And Replies, Multiple Authors Apr 1981

Session 3: Discussion And Replies, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Soil-Pile Interaction Parameters In Vertical And Torsional Vibrations, N. R. Krishnaswamy, B. K. Sharas Chandra, Aftab A. Salam, R. Daniel Apr 1981

Soil-Pile Interaction Parameters In Vertical And Torsional Vibrations, N. R. Krishnaswamy, B. K. Sharas Chandra, Aftab A. Salam, R. Daniel

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this paper, two lumped parameter analogues with the inclusion of constant friction damping are suggested to explain the dynamic behavior of pile supported footings during vertical as well as torsional modes of vibrations. Simple theoretical procedures have been described by which the constant frictional force and the constant frictional moment of the friction damping can be evaluated during vertical and torsional vibrations respectively. The suggested procedures into consideration the relevant physical characteristics of the interface between the pile and the soil, as also the length to diameter (L/d) ratio of the pile. Field vibratory teats have been carried out …

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