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Large Excavation Behavior At Petacalco, Mexico, G. Castellanos, S. Sedano Jun 1993

Large Excavation Behavior At Petacalco, Mexico, G. Castellanos, S. Sedano

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The pumping sump for the Petacalco, Gro. Power Plant required for its construction an excavation 100 x 87 m plan and 11 m depth. The calculated flow towards the excavation was 370 l/s. Two perimetral systems were proposed to control the inflow water: Cut-off wall or conventional pumping system. After a technical-economical analysis, the first one was selected. Due to construction delays of the cut-off wall and program construction demands, the excavation began simultaneously and advanced faster than the wall. The observed inflow water was ten times lesser than the predicted one, so that the construction of the wall was …

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Performance Of A Braced Excavation In Siltstone, Wolfgang Roth, Anthony Stirbys, Corbin De Rubertis, Richard Ellis Jun 1993

Performance Of A Braced Excavation In Siltstone, Wolfgang Roth, Anthony Stirbys, Corbin De Rubertis, Richard Ellis

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A case history and analysis are presented of a 76-foot deep braced excavation in competent silt- and claystone formations. Soldier piles and lagging were supported by three levels of struts above three levels of tie-backs. During construction, measured strut loads exceeded design levels by up to 100 percent, and additional struts were installed in the upper portion of the excavation. Back analysis performed after construction indicated that large horizontal insitu stresses (Ko= 1) in the region had contributed to the overloading. It was also shown that the problem had been compounded by the practice of pre loading the …

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Performance Of A Semi-Rigid Braced Excavation In Soft Clay, B. H. Lien, H. Abedi, J. A. Ramos, T. G. Porter Jun 1993

Performance Of A Semi-Rigid Braced Excavation In Soft Clay, B. H. Lien, H. Abedi, J. A. Ramos, T. G. Porter

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Construction of a 21-foot wide, 28-foot deep braced excavation in Detroit soft clays has been completed. In order to protect an existing 50-year old tunnel adjacent to the excavation, a semi-rigid, tangent wall earth retention system was constructed to minimize the soil movements. The tangent wall was formed by 118 drilled piers with 42-inch in diameter and 41-foot long. The maximum soil lateral and vertical movements adjacent to the excavation were controlled below a magnitude of 2.0 inches, while bottom of the excavation experienced about 3 inches of heave. This paper presents the design considerations and construction performance of the …

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Prediction Of Structural Slurry Wall Behavior, Mark Tamaro, Pablo Lopez, Sibel Pamukcu Jun 1993

Prediction Of Structural Slurry Wall Behavior, Mark Tamaro, Pablo Lopez, Sibel Pamukcu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The following study was undertaken with the intent of improving the ability to accurately predict the behavior of structural slurry walls. An existing wall, employed during the construction of the Washington D.C. subway system, was examined using four different analysis methods. The actual stresses and displacements of this wall were measured, providing a basis for investigating the accuracy of the different analysis techniques. The results obtained warrant the use of one particular approach, referred to in this study as the "Beam on Elastic Foundation Method". This method provided the most useful simulation of the soil/structure interaction that occurred during construction …

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Pressure Relief Tunnel System At Us22/Sr7 Interchange, Oh, J. R. Graham, R. W. Humphries, J. M. Fuller, G. M. Elliott Jun 1993

Pressure Relief Tunnel System At Us22/Sr7 Interchange, Oh, J. R. Graham, R. W. Humphries, J. M. Fuller, G. M. Elliott

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Construction of the US22/SR7 interchange in Steubenville, OH resulted in the need to excavate the toe of the steep 350 ft. high slope overlooking the Ohio River. To maintain the stability of the slope, the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) chose to construct a 4 tier, 130- ft. high, 2,200 ft. long tieback anchor retaining wall. During the design phase, it became apparent that reductions in both the tieback loading and cost could be realized by lowering the groundwater levels in the hillside. A Pressure Relief Tunnel System (PRTS) was selected from several drainage options. The PRTS consists of a …

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"Unconventional" Drilled Pier Underpinning, Robin M. Lim, Michael Majchrzak Jun 1993

"Unconventional" Drilled Pier Underpinning, Robin M. Lim, Michael Majchrzak

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An “unconventional” earth retaining system consisting of drilled underpinning piers, was used successfully to underpin a four- story building in Redwood City, California. Considerations to other conventional underpinning systems and their feasibility at the subject site are also examined. An in-depth discussion of the "unconventional" underpinning system selected for the project is presented with details of the construction sequence and difficulties encountered. Post-construction performance of the underpinning system and the relative costs of the “unconventional” underpinning system are also presented.

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Performance Of Earth Retention System, St. Louis Data Center, Thomas L. Cooling, Marty C. Hagerty Jun 1993

Performance Of Earth Retention System, St. Louis Data Center, Thomas L. Cooling, Marty C. Hagerty

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The design and performance of the earth retention system for a 35 ft deep excavation in medium clay is described. The earth retention system consisted of soldier piles and lagging with tieback anchors. One level of tiebacks included helical anchors installed in loose to medium dense sand. Behavior of the helical anchors in contrast to conventional drilled-in anchors is discussed.

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A New Monitoring Method And Its Application, Yuanyou Xia, Hongwen Zhou Jun 1993

A New Monitoring Method And Its Application, Yuanyou Xia, Hongwen Zhou

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

For the monitoring of one hydroelectric station slope's large caves in their excavation period, the paper puts forward a new monitoring method suited to monitor large, dangerous caves. In this paper, the characteristics of the new method and eight successful forecasts on the roof falls and surrounding rock collapses of the caves in the their digging period by using the new method are presented in detail.

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Diversion Tunnel Of A Hydroelectric Plant On Nestos River (Greece). A Case Study, T. Makedon, G. Dimopoulos, C. Marangos Jun 1993

Diversion Tunnel Of A Hydroelectric Plant On Nestos River (Greece). A Case Study, T. Makedon, G. Dimopoulos, C. Marangos

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A complete description of a geological and geotechnical investigation for the construction of a diversion tunnel in Platanovrisi dam area, East Macedonia, Greece is given. The numerical stress analysis and stress failure analysis results are presented, along with results of structurally controlled failure modes. The requirements for the application of the method are described. The conclusions from the application of the failure criterion, as well as the comparison between the analysis and the actual construction results have been discussed.

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Geotechnical Problems Of The Underground Excavation In The Deccan Basalts Sarovar (Narmada) Project, Gujarat, India, Indra Prakash, J. S. Sanganeria Jun 1993

Geotechnical Problems Of The Underground Excavation In The Deccan Basalts Sarovar (Narmada) Project, Gujarat, India, Indra Prakash, J. S. Sanganeria

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Sardar Sarovar (Narmada) Project, Gujarat State envisages the construction of an underground power house (6x200 MW) and its ancillary structures in the Deccan basalt. The basalt lava flows in the area are intruded by dolerite dykes and sills and dissected by fractures, shears and faults. These features have posed varied geotechnical problems like block falls, wedge failures, roof collapses and water seepage during the excavation of machine hall, access tunnel, draft tube tunnels and exit tunnels. The adequacy of support system designed on the basis of Barton’s and Bieniawski’s rock mass classification is constantly monitored and reviewed from time …

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Impact Of Environmental Conditions On A Structural Damage, M. A. El-Sohby, M. A. Bahr Jun 1993

Impact Of Environmental Conditions On A Structural Damage, M. A. El-Sohby, M. A. Bahr

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper deals with a case history of a structural damage of college buildings lie in a nearly developed area at the north-east of Cairo. The building behavior and the factors cause the damage arc contributed. As a result, the light on the importance of topographical condition of the site is sighted and recommended for such similar cases.

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Geomechanical Studies For A Himalayan Tunnel In Jointed Dolomites: A Case History, G. S. Saini, A. K. Dube Jun 1993

Geomechanical Studies For A Himalayan Tunnel In Jointed Dolomites: A Case History, G. S. Saini, A. K. Dube

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Reported case history of Himalayan tunnel reveals that Barton's and Bieniawski's classification systems provide better assessment of the rock mass behavior. The design and shear strength parameters derived from these classifications provided a preliminary design of the tunnel, which has been critically evaluated with the design, adopted at site. Based on the structural feature and ground water conditions, a number of tunnelling conditions have been predicted. The studies indicated the loosening rock pressures would be occuring at site with an estimated range of 0. 25 kg/cm2 to 3. 58 kg/cm2. Problems of roof collapse, flowing ground condition …

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Innovative Foundations In Poor Ground, B. G. Rao, M. P. Jain Jun 1993

Innovative Foundations In Poor Ground, B. G. Rao, M. P. Jain

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In the present paper, attention is chiefly focused on ground treatment approach which merits designers’ preference in most situations, not because of greater latitude in terms of choice but also because of better assurance of performance. Some innovative foundation techniques have been introduced. The performance of these techniques have been evaluated through full scale field installation and insitu testing in deep deposits of soft saturated marine clays. The field study has indicated that the new foundation technologies carry the best assurance of safety, speed and economy and may provide an efficient alternatives to existing foundations in difficult soil conditions.

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Foundation Grouting For The Forks Of Butte Powerhouse, K. D. Weaver, T. R. Kolbe, S. J. Klein Jun 1993

Foundation Grouting For The Forks Of Butte Powerhouse, K. D. Weaver, T. R. Kolbe, S. J. Klein

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Construction of a powerhouse on unconsolidated landslide debris materials at the edge of a stream channel in a narrow, steep-sided canyon in northern California entailed application of an unusual combination of grouting techniques to protect the foundation during peak flows. These techniques included permeation grouting, displacement grouting, compaction grouting, and controlled hydrofracture grouting.

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Use Of Geotextiles In Low Volume Roads — A Case Study, A. V. S. R. Murty, Sudhir Mathur, S. K. Soni, K. Nageswara Rao Jun 1993

Use Of Geotextiles In Low Volume Roads — A Case Study, A. V. S. R. Murty, Sudhir Mathur, S. K. Soni, K. Nageswara Rao

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The application of geotextiles has been well accepted as a construction material in Civil engineering works. However, in India, the utility of geotextiles is very limited to particular areas of application in Civil Engineering such as highways, railways and irrigation projects etc. On an experimental basis, these fabrics have been used as an intermediate layer between subgrade and subbase to serve as a separation and drainage layer in a road constructed on soft subgrade soil. The main objective of field trials was to study the need, relevance and the relative efficacy of the use of geotextiles as compared to the …

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Case History Of Soil Improvement For A Large-Scale Land Reclamation, Bang W. Shin, Eun C. Shin, Sun W. Kim, Byung C. Yeo, Paghunath Dass Jun 1993

Case History Of Soil Improvement For A Large-Scale Land Reclamation, Bang W. Shin, Eun C. Shin, Sun W. Kim, Byung C. Yeo, Paghunath Dass

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In recent years, land reclamation works have been extensively implemented along the coastal lines for a variety of purposes. This paper relates to the case history of a land reclamation project for a steel mill complex construction in Korea. Site improvement techniques used in this project include construction of sand drains and preloading. Construction procedures of sand drains are described as well as staged loading process along with field observations. Field measurement of settlement and theoretically estimated values are compared. The results of standard penetration tests and unconfined compression tests at various depths of soil, and time intervals are presented. …

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Chemical And Lime Stabilization Of Expansive Clay, L. D. Johnson Jun 1993

Chemical And Lime Stabilization Of Expansive Clay, L. D. Johnson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Two soil stabilization treatments were performed on highly expansive clay in Fort Sam Houston San Antonio, TX, to reduce the potential for swell. Lime slurry pressure injection is considered primarily a preswell treatment with some clay alteration. Chemical injection using a proprietary potassium based chemical is considered to alter the clay. Both treatments effectively reduced the potential for swell.

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Two Case Histories Of Alkali Liquid Method To Reinforce Collapsible Loess Deposit, Jiachen Wang, Yihui Qiu, Meiyun Shi, Aizhen Liu Jun 1993

Two Case Histories Of Alkali Liquid Method To Reinforce Collapsible Loess Deposit, Jiachen Wang, Yihui Qiu, Meiyun Shi, Aizhen Liu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Presented in this paper is the summary of two case histories using alkali liquid method to reinforce collapsible Loess ground. One is the ground treatment of administration building which was not in a position of normal service because of the unequal settlement of the ground caused by collapsibility; the other is the ground improvement of the office building of a hospital before construction. The test to examine reinforcing effects is held one month after ground stabilization. It is learned from the test results that the soil compressibility characteristics within the treated aera has been changed from high grade to medium …

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Site Stabilization In Hurricane Region, K. Peter Yu Jun 1993

Site Stabilization In Hurricane Region, K. Peter Yu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Development over the last 10 years of The Waterways - a 180-acre (73-ha) planned community in North Miami Beach, Florida has advanced the knowledge of constructing low-rise structures and infrastructure over preloaded organic soils, and of supporting high-rise towers on shallow foundations over precompressed loose sand. The experience gained from this project indicates a preconsolidation ratio between 1.7 and 2.0 is appropriate for the preloading of organic soils, and a preload about two times the weight of a high-rise tower is appropriate for precompressing the loose sand. The successful foundation performance of this major development demonstrates that preloading is a …

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Foundation Soil Preparation For Landfills In Karst Terrain, Kou-Roung Chang, John Carter Jun 1993

Foundation Soil Preparation For Landfills In Karst Terrain, Kou-Roung Chang, John Carter

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Stabilizing sand-filled solution chimneys in karst terrain for the construction of sanitary landfills is challenging for geotechnical engineers. A ground water contamination assessment conducted at a sanitary landfill in north central Florida indicated that landfill leachate was contaminating the Floridian Aquifer. To expand the landfill, the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER) required that a liner system be constructed and that stringent landfill subgrade preparation be performed to minimize the potential for sinkhole formation and subsequent damage to the liner system. To meet the requirements, the following foundation soil preparations were performed: (1) prerolling the subgrade with vibratory rollers, (2) …

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Site Improvements With Stone Columns In Stratified Silty Soils, Jonathan D. Blanchard, Kenneth M. Clements Jun 1993

Site Improvements With Stone Columns In Stratified Silty Soils, Jonathan D. Blanchard, Kenneth M. Clements

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A case history is presented where stone columns were used as a deep compaction method to increase the liquefaction resistance of stratified silty soils. Standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) resistances were used to evaluate the pre-treatment site conditions and post-treatment effects of deep compaction using stone columns. The results of the deep compaction are presented with predicted penetration resistances required to reduce the potential for liquefaction. Limitations of conventional liquefaction analysis in silty soils are discussed with regard to SPT-CPT correlations established for the site, cyclic simple shear tests performed on silts, and corrections to SPT …

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Ground Anchor Bearing Capacity Improvement By Blasting In Bore-Hole, M. Krajcer, I. Muhovec, J. Pranjic Jun 1993

Ground Anchor Bearing Capacity Improvement By Blasting In Bore-Hole, M. Krajcer, I. Muhovec, J. Pranjic

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The cylindrical ground anchors has gained wide acceptance as an economical and highly versatile anchoring method over the past decade, particularly due to fast and simple performance by using the soil/rock boring and grouting procedure. However, these cylindrical anchors reach very low bearing capacities when they are performed in such a soil as a clay, silt or sand. The paper is concerning with the set of data and results which are collected after the in situ investigations of some 30 short vertical anchors installed in clay and in silty sand, as well. The bearing capacity of cylindrical and spherical anchors …

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Granular Trenches And Stone Columns As Ground Improvement Techniques — Case Histories Of Field Applications, P. Kameswara Sarma, J. R. Somayazulu, K. Rama Sastri Jun 1993

Granular Trenches And Stone Columns As Ground Improvement Techniques — Case Histories Of Field Applications, P. Kameswara Sarma, J. R. Somayazulu, K. Rama Sastri

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Vast areas of Deposits of Soft clays and loose sands is a common occurrence generally in all the countries particularly in the Coastal towns of the State of Andhra Pradesh, India. The utility of these deposits for founding structures becomes vital in view of the enormous land cost and their existence in developed areas. The structures resting on these deposits will be subjected to many problems as these deposits possess very low insitu strength. Appropriate ground improvement technique, supported by quality assurance tests after implementation of technique in the field will be a better solution in problematic soils. The paper …

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Lining Of Perennial Canals Under Flowing Conditions By Ulomat Grouted Mattress Technique, D. L. Shah, A. V. Shroff, Piyush V. Parikh Jun 1993

Lining Of Perennial Canals Under Flowing Conditions By Ulomat Grouted Mattress Technique, D. L. Shah, A. V. Shroff, Piyush V. Parikh

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Irrigation water is made available to the farmers by means of construction of a dam/weir and a canal system taking off from the reservoir impounded behind the dam. This water is therefore very precious. If the canal system is not lined, about 25 to 30 per cent of water released in the canal is lost by way of seepage through canals. Canals should therefore be lined not only to save this water but also to irrigate additional area. A pilot project of providing such lining on experimental basis was taken up for the first time in India by Irrigation Department …

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Behavior Of Direct Tower Foundation On Improved Soil, F. Colleselli, P. Varagnolo Jun 1993

Behavior Of Direct Tower Foundation On Improved Soil, F. Colleselli, P. Varagnolo

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper presents the foundation behaviour of a 146-m telecommunications tower situated near Verona in Italy, with foundation soils characterized as a thick deposit of alluvial gravels and sands. In order to limit total and differential settlements of the tower it was decided to improve the foundation soil with jet-grouting columns. Predictions on the behaviour of the structure and the foundation soil were performed with an axisymmetric finite-element model adopting an elastic linear constitutive law. Soil moduli were obtained from the results of a cross-hole test and from Standard Penetration Tests; jet-grouting columns behaviour was estimated from load and borehole …

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A Study On Electro-Osmotic Consolidation Of Soft Clays, G. Lefebvre, T. V. Pavate Jun 1993

A Study On Electro-Osmotic Consolidation Of Soft Clays, G. Lefebvre, T. V. Pavate

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The effects of an electro-osmotic treatment on a soft sensitive clay from Eastern Canada were examined based on the laboratory tests performed on undisturbed specimens. The interpretation of the tests focus on the non-homogeneity of the treatment, the influence of polarity reversal and strong induration which develops near the anode in addition to the consolidation.

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Building Collapse Due To Shallow Trench Excavation, S. J. Vitton, R. C. Brown Jun 1993

Building Collapse Due To Shallow Trench Excavation, S. J. Vitton, R. C. Brown

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A building collapse is investigated in which a shallow trench, excavated along the length of the building, resulted in the building's collapse. An investigation indicated that the trench had been excavated within 1 ft (0.3 m) of the foundation and that the foundation had been constructed on approximately 7 ft (2.1 m) of soft silty clay with the bottom portion of this soil highly saturated. The bearing capacity of the foundation, prior to excavation, was estimated to have a safety factor as low as 1.5. As a result of the proximity of the trench to the foundation and the soft …

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Development On Florida's Phosphate Mine Lands, W. A. Ericson, L. P. Moore, L. D. Madrid Jun 1993

Development On Florida's Phosphate Mine Lands, W. A. Ericson, L. P. Moore, L. D. Madrid

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A majority of Polk County, in central Florida, has been mined for phosphate in the past. Mining companies use the mined areas to deposit mining wastes such as the tailings sands and highly plastic clay materials that are associated with the beneficiation of phosphate ore. The clays are allowed to consolidate, but often, the resulting solids content or shear strength of the materials is very low even after several tens of years. One such area that was impacted by mining and subsequent clay disposal was to become a mobile home park. The developer did not investigate the subsurface conditions prior …

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Failure Of Highway Fill And Investigation Into Its Causes, P. Jagannatha Rao Jun 1993

Failure Of Highway Fill And Investigation Into Its Causes, P. Jagannatha Rao

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A section of a highway carrying heavy traffic was located on fill of height ranging from 2-3m. The total thickness of the pavement was of the order of 550mrn and consisted of bituminous surfacing, granular base and sub base. Although the expected life of the pavement was ten years, severe distress including transverse deformations and cracking of the pavement was experienced within one year after traffic started plying on this section. However, the adjoining stretch, built at the same time, continued to perform satisfactorily. A study consisting of comprehensive testing program was taken up to establish the causes of distress. …

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Geological Surprises At Itezhitezhi Dam, Zambia, F. B. Slichter, R. B. Peck, F. D. Patton, I. Jernelius, S. Balasubrahmanyam Jun 1993

Geological Surprises At Itezhitezhi Dam, Zambia, F. B. Slichter, R. B. Peck, F. D. Patton, I. Jernelius, S. Balasubrahmanyam

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An outburst of warm springs together with the development of an extensive area of high pore-water pressures occurred during the first filling of the 50m high earth and rock fill Itezhitezhi Dam on the Kafue River in Zambia. These and other unanticipated events led to extensive geological and hydrogeological investigations that resulted in the implementation of unusual remedial measures. The remedial work was completed before the reservoir reached its full supply level. The dam has since performed successfully. The problems are reviewed in terms of the significance of the site geology. The hydrogeologic problems were found to be caused by …

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