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An Ultrafine-Resolution Numerical Investigation Of The Influence Of Terrain On Tornado Behavior, Jiamin Dang, Jana Houser, Leigh Orf, Peng Yue, Guirong Yan Apr 2026

An Ultrafine-Resolution Numerical Investigation Of The Influence Of Terrain On Tornado Behavior, Jiamin Dang, Jana Houser, Leigh Orf, Peng Yue, Guirong Yan

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study investigates the effects of idealized and realistic terrain on tornado characteristics and behavior. It uses a novel simulation approach, nesting a high-fidelity, ultrafine-resolution, tornado-scale, engineering large-eddy simulation (LES) within a Cloud Model 1 (CM1) simulation of a tornadic supercell. We analyze the effects of terrain on the tornado's central pressure, horizontal and vertical velocities, vortex shape, and path. Seven idealized terrain configurations are used including 1) a control run with flat ground, 2) and 3) an idealized hill with steep and gradual slopes having the height of 25.4 m, 4) and 5) an idealized escarpment with steep and …

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Dendrimer Nanogels With Built-In Free Radical Scavenging Enable Efficient Topical Delivery Of A Hydrophilic Antioxidant To Restore Lens Redox Balance For Cataract Treatment, Lin Qi, Huari Kou, Anna Chernatynskaya, Da Huang, Vimalin Jeyalatha Mani, Humeyra Karacal, Nuran Ercal, Hu Yang Apr 2026

Dendrimer Nanogels With Built-In Free Radical Scavenging Enable Efficient Topical Delivery Of A Hydrophilic Antioxidant To Restore Lens Redox Balance For Cataract Treatment, Lin Qi, Huari Kou, Anna Chernatynskaya, Da Huang, Vimalin Jeyalatha Mani, Humeyra Karacal, Nuran Ercal, Hu Yang

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Cataract is a leading cause of vision impairment worldwide and are primarily caused by oxidative stress that damages and aggregates lens proteins, leading to lens opacification. However, the eye's anatomical barriers limit the penetration and bioavailability of antioxidant therapies. To address this challenge, a dendrimer-based nanogel with a built-in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging capability developed by us was employed to deliver the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to the lens. NAC was loaded into a generation-5 PEGylated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (G5-PEG-TK, termed the GPT) nanogel. The resulting NAC-GPT was characterized for its ROS-scavenging activity, bioavailability, and corneal permeability. The efficacy of NAC-GPT was …

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Ac Magnetic Measurements With A Self-Oscillating Lc Circuit And Its Application To University Education, Harshit Agarwal, Oleksandra Uralska, Jasmin Billingsley, Maxim Yamilov, Hyunsoo Kim Apr 2026

Ac Magnetic Measurements With A Self-Oscillating Lc Circuit And Its Application To University Education, Harshit Agarwal, Oleksandra Uralska, Jasmin Billingsley, Maxim Yamilov, Hyunsoo Kim

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Editor's Note: This paper is a welcome tutorial on a technique for AC magnetometry, allowing the measurement of a sample's magnetic susceptibility with considerable sensitivity. The authors present a low-cost setup based on an LC self-oscillator circuit, which has an operating frequency that is rather sensitive to the susceptibility of a sample introduced within its inductor. After characterizing the performance of the circuit, data taken on a high-temperature superconducting sample are presented, demonstrating how the samples superconducting transition can be detected by this noncontact magnetic method, independent of the usual resistivity-based detection. This project will be of interest to instructors …

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Correlated Many-Body Quantum Dynamics Of The Peregrine Soliton, D. Diplaris, G. A. Bougas, P. G. Kevrekidis, C. L. Hung, P. Schmelcher, S. I. Mistakidis Apr 2026

Correlated Many-Body Quantum Dynamics Of The Peregrine Soliton, D. Diplaris, G. A. Bougas, P. G. Kevrekidis, C. L. Hung, P. Schmelcher, S. I. Mistakidis

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We explore the correlated dynamics underlying the formation of the quantum Peregrine soliton, a prototypical rogue-wave excitation, utilizing interaction quenches from repulsive to attractive couplings in an ultracold bosonic gas confined in a one-dimensional box trap. The latter emulates the so-called semiclassical initial conditions and the associated gradient catastrophe scenario facilitating the emergence of a high-density, doubly localized waveform. The ensuing multiorbital variant of the Peregrine soliton features notable deviations from its mean-field sibling, including a reduced peak amplitude, wider core, absence of the side density dips, and earlier formation times. Moreover, Peregrine soliton generation yields coherence losses, while experiencing …

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Propagation And Interaction Of Gravity Currents Induced By Successive Release Of Two Lock Fluids, Khem Prasad Bhattarai, Subhas Karan Venayagamoorthy Mar 2026

Propagation And Interaction Of Gravity Currents Induced By Successive Release Of Two Lock Fluids, Khem Prasad Bhattarai, Subhas Karan Venayagamoorthy

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study investigates the dynamics of sequentially released gravity currents in a lock-exchange configuration consisting of two lock fluids using high-resolution numerical simulations and compares them with the classical single-lock exchange. The results demonstrate that, in a two-lock-fluid configuration, the overtaking of the lighter lock current by the heavier lock current alters the current's front dynamics, leading to complex velocity transitions. Before overtaking occurs, the front propagation is slower than in the classical single-lock-fluid case because of lower density contrast, but after overtaking, the heavier lock fluid accumulates at the head region of the current and enhances its speed. The …

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Efficiency Comparison Of Reduced Graphene Oxide (Rgo) Composite-Incorporated Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibrous Filters For Respirable Crystalline Silica Dust And Coal Dust, Mahsa Moradi, Ashish Kakoria, Lina Zheng, Guang Xu Mar 2026

Efficiency Comparison Of Reduced Graphene Oxide (Rgo) Composite-Incorporated Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibrous Filters For Respirable Crystalline Silica Dust And Coal Dust, Mahsa Moradi, Ashish Kakoria, Lina Zheng, Guang Xu

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The health of miners working in underground mines is greatly threatened by their exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) found in coal dust. While coal dust includes RCS, it is important to know the specific filtration efficiency for RCS particles compared to coal dust to improve protective measures. This study compares the filtration efficiency of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite-incorporated Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous filters at four different concentrations of rGO (0, 2, 6, and 10 wt.%) for RCS particles and coal dust. The filters were made using the electrospinning method. They were tested separately with RCS particles and coal dust …

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Precision Spectroscopy Of 2s-Ns Transitions In Atomic Hydrogen: A Determination Of The Proton Charge Radius, R. G. Bullis, W. L. Tavis, M. R. Weiss, Orellana O. Cisneros, A. J. Cheeseman, Ulrich D. Jentschura, D. C. Yost Mar 2026

Precision Spectroscopy Of 2s-Ns Transitions In Atomic Hydrogen: A Determination Of The Proton Charge Radius, R. G. Bullis, W. L. Tavis, M. R. Weiss, Orellana O. Cisneros, A. J. Cheeseman, Ulrich D. Jentschura, D. C. Yost

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present absolute frequency measurements of 2S1/2-nS1/2 two-photon transitions with n=8, 9, and 10 in a cryogenic beam of atomic hydrogen. Each transition has been measured with a fractional uncertainty of ≈2.6x10-12. Combining the results from this Letter and the 1S1/2-2S1/2 transition frequency, we extract a root-mean-square proton radius of rp=0.8433(31) fm and a Rydberg frequency of cR∞=3 289 841 960 252.9(9.7) kHz. These are in good agreement with the CODATA 2022 recommended values.

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Guiding Fast Ion Beam By Suppressing Secondary Ions, Yingli Xue, Junliang Liu, Mingwu Zhang, Daniel Fischer, Guoxing Xia, Nikolaus Stolterfoht, Reinhold Schuch, Yehong Wu, Bian Yang, Xiaoxiao Li, Caojie Shao, Wei Wang, Zhangyong Song, Xing Fang Mar 2026

Guiding Fast Ion Beam By Suppressing Secondary Ions, Yingli Xue, Junliang Liu, Mingwu Zhang, Daniel Fischer, Guoxing Xia, Nikolaus Stolterfoht, Reinhold Schuch, Yehong Wu, Bian Yang, Xiaoxiao Li, Caojie Shao, Wei Wang, Zhangyong Song, Xing Fang

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We demonstrate that secondary ions sputtered from a macrocapillary's inner surface by the primary beam induce premature saturation of the guiding field, hindering fast ion guiding. By suppressing secondary ion sputtering with grooved surfaces, we achieve a guiding-field potential difference exceeding 1 kV, 2 orders of magnitude larger than previously achieved in stable ion guiding. This enables stable guiding of a 20-keV/q O5+ beam at offset angles up to 15°, with transmitted ions retaining their initial energy and charge state. A self-consistent field model accurately reproduces these results, revealing that guiding performance relies on managing secondary ions and the channel's …

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Ionic Liquid Pilocarpine Serves As Therapeutic Cosolvent And Permeation Enhancer For Glaucoma Medication, Ashish Trital, Lei Xu, Burhan Ates, Tzu Chen Wang, Vimalin Mani, Hu Yang Mar 2026

Ionic Liquid Pilocarpine Serves As Therapeutic Cosolvent And Permeation Enhancer For Glaucoma Medication, Ashish Trital, Lei Xu, Burhan Ates, Tzu Chen Wang, Vimalin Mani, Hu Yang

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The efficacy of hydrophobic ocular drugs is significantly hindered by their low bioavailability, for which poor water solubility is a major contributing factor. In this work, we synthesized pilocarpine-derived ionic liquid [Pilo-OEG] Cl (PO) and evaluated its cosolvent properties for the codelivery of the hydrophobic antiglaucoma drug brimonidine (BM) for glaucoma therapy. Pilocarpine was quaternized with 2-[2-(2-chloroethoxy) ethoxy] ethanol in a one-pot reaction to yield PO, and its structure was confirmed using 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy methods and further characterized for its rheological property and thermal stability. The HET-CAM assay and cell viability study showed that PO was …

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Fluorescent Biosensor-Guided Engineering Of Enzyme Cascades For Electrochemical Applications, Nathan J. Ricks, Monica Brachi, Fnu Arun, Egor Baiarashov, Shelley D. Minteer, Ming C. Hammond Mar 2026

Fluorescent Biosensor-Guided Engineering Of Enzyme Cascades For Electrochemical Applications, Nathan J. Ricks, Monica Brachi, Fnu Arun, Egor Baiarashov, Shelley D. Minteer, Ming C. Hammond

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Substrate channeling is a strategy for enhancing flux and yield in enzymatic cascades and is increasingly relevant for applications in biocatalysis, biotechnology, and bioelectrochemical systems. However, efforts to engineer channeling are limited by the lack of high-throughput methods to evaluate and optimize channeling efficiency. Here, we present a fluorescence-based screening assay to rapidly assess substrate channeling in a model system involving fumarase and malate dehydrogenase, two sequential enzymes from the Krebs cycle. By expressing genetic fusions in Escherichia coli, quantifying intermediate (malate) and product (NADH) formation in lysate using orthogonal fluorescent readouts, and comparing product-to-intermediate ratios, we screened a library …

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Averaging Principle For A General Class Of Periodic Functions In Discrete Spaces, Martin Bohner, Jaqueline G. Mesquita, Sabrina Streipert Mar 2026

Averaging Principle For A General Class Of Periodic Functions In Discrete Spaces, Martin Bohner, Jaqueline G. Mesquita, Sabrina Streipert

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this work, we develop a periodic averaging principle for arbitrary discrete time domains, leveraging a novel definition of periodicity. This definition does not rely on the classical requirement for the time domain itself to be periodic. We implement this averaging principle across diverse discrete time domains and explore a range of periodic functions within this extended context. The paper contains several examples with numerical simulations, providing visual demonstrations of our results. This highlights the versatility of our averaging principle and its potential to understand dynamics of nonautonomous recurrences with complex temporal patterns.

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Controllability Of The Semilinear Benjamin–Bona–Mahony Dynamic Equation On Homogeneous Time Scales, Martin Bohner, Cosme Duque, Hugo Leiva Mar 2026

Controllability Of The Semilinear Benjamin–Bona–Mahony Dynamic Equation On Homogeneous Time Scales, Martin Bohner, Cosme Duque, Hugo Leiva

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

This work investigates the approximate controllability and free-time approximate controllability of a generalized semi linear Benjamin–Bona–Mahony type dynamic equation defined on homogeneous time scales, subject to homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. To accomplish this, the problem is framed within an abstract setting, employing the -semigroup theory on time scales. Moreover, we apply a technique introduced by Bashirov et al. [1, 2], which enables us to avoid relying on fixed point theorems.

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A Diffuse Interface Model And Fully Decoupled, Energy-Stable Scheme For The Two-Phase Ferrofluid Flows In Porous Media, Guo Dong Zhang, Shuai Zhou, Yunqing Huang, Xiaoming He, Xiaofeng Yang Mar 2026

A Diffuse Interface Model And Fully Decoupled, Energy-Stable Scheme For The Two-Phase Ferrofluid Flows In Porous Media, Guo Dong Zhang, Shuai Zhou, Yunqing Huang, Xiaoming He, Xiaofeng Yang

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We propose a new diffuse interface model for two-phase porous media ferrofluid flows, employing the phase-field method and establishing an associated energy law. This thermodynamically consistent multi-physics model integrates the Cahn-Hilliard equations, Darcy equations, the magnetostatic equation, and magnetization equations. To efficiently solve the system by addressing its inherent nonlinearities, coupling, and saddle-point structure, we incorporate several advanced techniques, including the SAV-ZEC method to handle nonlinearities and couplings, a reformulated approach to decouple the linear coupling of the magnetic potential and magnetization, and the pressure projection method to decouple velocity and pressure. This results in a numerical scheme that is …

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An Seir Model On Time Scales With Discrete Applications To Tuberculosis, E. Akın, G. Yeni, D. Konur, S. R. Işık, M. R. Işık Mar 2026

An Seir Model On Time Scales With Discrete Applications To Tuberculosis, E. Akın, G. Yeni, D. Konur, S. R. Işık, M. R. Işık

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, we propose a novel dynamical model on time scales consisting of new parameters to investigate the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide, characterized by a long latency stage. The dynamical TB model, governed by the Susceptible–Exposed–Infected–Recovered (SEIR) framework within a unified form, yields a continuous model with a non-saturated incidence rate on the real numbers and discrete models with saturated incidence rates when different time domains are chosen. We analyze the stability of the equilibrium points of both the continuous TB model on the set of real numbers and the discrete …

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Pointwise Self-Homeomorphic Generalized Inverse Limits, Ali H. Ali, Faruq A. Mena, Robert Paul Roe Mar 2026

Pointwise Self-Homeomorphic Generalized Inverse Limits, Ali H. Ali, Faruq A. Mena, Robert Paul Roe

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, we find uncountable families of generalized inverse sequences on intervals, where the bonding functions consist of a finite number of line segments, such that the inverse limit spaces of these sequences are pointwise self-homeomorphic continua. We give several examples of pointwise self-homeomorphic continua obtained in this manner including the dendrite D3 and a dendrite containing Dω. The dendrite D3 was obtained previously, by others, as a generalized inverse limit but the bonding function in that example contained infinitely many line segments. We show that the techniques we use on intervals can be extended to inverse limits where …

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Sustainable Pathways For Fish Waste Oil Valorization Into Biofuel: Process Synthesis And Case Study, Hany A. Elazab, Radhi H. Alazmi, Abdelrahman El-Bagalaty, Hossam Tammam, Mahmoud El-Sayed, Mohamed Omar, Fathi Shokry, Mamdouh A. Gadalla, Fatma H. Ashour, Thokozani Majozi Mar 2026

Sustainable Pathways For Fish Waste Oil Valorization Into Biofuel: Process Synthesis And Case Study, Hany A. Elazab, Radhi H. Alazmi, Abdelrahman El-Bagalaty, Hossam Tammam, Mahmoud El-Sayed, Mohamed Omar, Fathi Shokry, Mamdouh A. Gadalla, Fatma H. Ashour, Thokozani Majozi

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Biodiesel is a promising, sustainable alternative to fossil fuels such as petrol and diesel. Currently, biodiesel can be produced from edible plant oils and non-edible sources and wastes. Notably, fish waste oil is a sustainable resource for transesterification reactions to produce biodiesel. This research proposes a general process design methodology to investigate the potential of biodiesel production from fish waste oil as a pathway for waste-to-energy. The methodology integrates Pinch Analysis principles and process simulation to optimize the energy efficiency of a process design. Real data are collected on fish waste from fish industries in Egypt, focusing on three regions …

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A Survey On Heterogeneous Computing Using Smartnics And Emerging Data Processing Units, Nathan Tibbetts, Sifat Ibtisum, Satish Puri Mar 2026

A Survey On Heterogeneous Computing Using Smartnics And Emerging Data Processing Units, Nathan Tibbetts, Sifat Ibtisum, Satish Puri

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

The emergence of new, off-path smart network cards (SmartNICs), known generally as Data Processing Units (DPU), has opened a wide range of research opportunities. Of particular interest is the use of these and related devices in tandem with their host's CPU, creating a heterogeneous computing system with new properties and strengths to be explored, capable of accelerating a wide variety of workloads. This survey begins by providing the motivation and relevant background information for this new field, including its origins, a few current hardware offerings, major programming languages and frameworks for using them, and associated challenges. We then review and …

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Data-Driven Non-Precipitation Echo Removal Of Nexrad Radars Based On A Random Forest Classifier Using Polarimetric Observations And Goes-16 Data, Munsung Keem, Bong Chul Seo, Witold F. Krajewski, Sangdan Kim Mar 2026

Data-Driven Non-Precipitation Echo Removal Of Nexrad Radars Based On A Random Forest Classifier Using Polarimetric Observations And Goes-16 Data, Munsung Keem, Bong Chul Seo, Witold F. Krajewski, Sangdan Kim

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Highlights: What are the main findings? A Random Forest-based model using dual-polarimetric radar features achieves >99% accuracy in classifying precipitation and non-precipitation echoes. Multi-scale spatial variability features enhance discrimination between genuine precipitation and spurious echoes. Fusion of GOES-16 infrared satellite data with NEXRAD radar effectively removes non-precipitation echoes with precipitation-like signatures, including wind turbine clutter. A CAPPI scan strategy improves near-radar precipitation detection by recovering valid echoes misclassified at the lowest elevation due to side-lobe interference and limited sampling volume. What are the implications of the main findings? The model's robustness to noise and overfitting, combined with minimal hyperparameter tuning, …

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Intramolecular Nonbonding Interactions And Geared Phenyl Twisting In Para-Disubstituted 1,4-Diphenylazines: Electron Correlation Effects On Molecular Conformations And Enantiomerization, Kaidi Yang, Harmeet Bhoday, Rainer Glaser Mar 2026

Intramolecular Nonbonding Interactions And Geared Phenyl Twisting In Para-Disubstituted 1,4-Diphenylazines: Electron Correlation Effects On Molecular Conformations And Enantiomerization, Kaidi Yang, Harmeet Bhoday, Rainer Glaser

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The results are reported of potential energy surface (PES) analyses of six symmetrical azines Yp − Ph − RC=N − N=CR − Ph − Yp, namely, the benzaldehyde azines 1H, 2H, and 8H with R = H and the acetophenone azines 1M, 2M, and 8M with R = Me. The Y substituents Cl (1), Br (2), and Me (8) were studied because sets of polymorphs I (C2-symmetry, azine twist τ ≈ 135 ± 10°, disrotatory phenyl twists ϕi ≠ 0°) and II (Ci-symmetry, τ = 180°, conrotatory ϕi ≠ 0°) were crystallized for these three azines. The …

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Stard-Net: Spatiotemporal Attention For Robust Detection Of Tiny Airborne Objects From Moving Drones, Hasibur Rahman, Sanjay Kumar Madria Mar 2026

Stard-Net: Spatiotemporal Attention For Robust Detection Of Tiny Airborne Objects From Moving Drones, Hasibur Rahman, Sanjay Kumar Madria

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

The rapid adoption of drones across various domains, alongside advancements in computer vision, has driven growing interest in vision-based airborne object detection from moving aerial platforms. However, this task remains challenging due to the small scale of objects, camouflage within cluttered backgrounds, and occlusions. To address these challenges, we introduce an end-to-end detection framework that integrates a Drone Receptive Field Block (DRFB) to extract multiscale and geometrically diverse features, specifically designed to enhance the detection of small and camouflaged airborne objects. To model motion patterns over time while preserving spatial structure, particularly for detecting camouflaged, cluttered and occluded objects with …

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Applying Direct Numerical Simulations To Investigate Wave Forcing Against A Vertical Wall, Hunter Boswell, Frank D. Han, Gaurav Savant, Guirong Yan, Wouter Mostert Mar 2026

Applying Direct Numerical Simulations To Investigate Wave Forcing Against A Vertical Wall, Hunter Boswell, Frank D. Han, Gaurav Savant, Guirong Yan, Wouter Mostert

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Current engineering standards lack the ability to predict the peak impact forces of breaking waves impinging directly upon coastal structures. In this study solitary waves impacting vertical and tapered walls are investigated. To capture the detailed physics of the wave profile that impacts the wall, two-dimensional direct numerical simulations are applied to model the wave traveling over a simplified bathymetry consisting of an initially uniform depth, followed by a uniform beach ramp and then terminating in a uniform depth inshore region and vertical wall. Such an approach can simulate wave runup on land and then the impact with the vertical …

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An Adaptive Immersive Training Framework For Miner Self-Escape Readiness In Underground Mining Emergencies, Muhammad Azeem Raza, Samuel Frimpong, Saima Ghazal Mar 2026

An Adaptive Immersive Training Framework For Miner Self-Escape Readiness In Underground Mining Emergencies, Muhammad Azeem Raza, Samuel Frimpong, Saima Ghazal

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Underground mining environments are complex and hazardous operations where emergencies continue to happen. Underground mine emergencies require rapid, high-stakes decision-making under conditions of uncertainty, stress, and limited visibility. Conventional mine emergency training largely relies on instruction-based approaches which provide insufficient exposure to the cognitive and behavioral demands of real underground emergency situations. There has been an identified need to train miners for knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs). This study proposes an Adaptive Immersive Training Framework (AITF), a cognitively grounded architecture that integrates cognitive task analysis (CTA), KSAOs, and situational awareness assessment for miner self-escape training and readiness. The …

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Microstructural Evolution Of Zirconium Diboride Irradiated With 5–10 Mev Au Ions At Room Temperature And 570 °C, Narrie Loftus, José Olivares, Miguel Crespillo, Esther Enríquez Pérez, Jeremy Watts, Eric W. Bohannan, Gregory Hilmas, William Fahrenholtz, Joseph Graham Mar 2026

Microstructural Evolution Of Zirconium Diboride Irradiated With 5–10 Mev Au Ions At Room Temperature And 570 °C, Narrie Loftus, José Olivares, Miguel Crespillo, Esther Enríquez Pérez, Jeremy Watts, Eric W. Bohannan, Gregory Hilmas, William Fahrenholtz, Joseph Graham

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Zirconium diboride was irradiated with 5 MeV Au2 + , 7 MeV Au4+ and 10 MeV Au3+ ions at room temperature and 570 °C to doses from 1 to 8 displacements per atom (dpa). Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) analysis revealed no secondary phase formation. Rietveld analysis of the GIXRD data indicated an accumulation of microstrain at low dpa and room temperature. Dislocations observed in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) cross-sections are likely the main contributor to the microstrain. High dpa and high-temperature samples exhibit lower lattice distortion than lower dpa samples, suggesting the presence of enhanced defect …

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A Software Package For Generating Robust And Accurate Potentials Using The Moment Tensor Potential Framework, Josiah Roberts, Biswas Rijal, Simon Divilov, Jon Paul Maria, William G. Fahrenholtz, Douglas E. Wolfe, Donald W. Brenner, Stefano Curtarolo, Eva Zurek Mar 2026

A Software Package For Generating Robust And Accurate Potentials Using The Moment Tensor Potential Framework, Josiah Roberts, Biswas Rijal, Simon Divilov, Jon Paul Maria, William G. Fahrenholtz, Douglas E. Wolfe, Donald W. Brenner, Stefano Curtarolo, Eva Zurek

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present the Plan for Robust and Accurate Potentials (PRAPs), a software package for training and using moment tensor potentials (MTPs) in concert with the Machine Learned Interatomic Potentials (MLIP) software package. PRAPs provides an automated workflow to train MTPs using active learning procedures, and a variety of utilities to ease and improve workflows when utilizing the MLIP software. PRAPs was originally developed in the context of crystal structure prediction, in which one calculates convex hulls and predicts low energy metastable and thermodynamically stable structures, but the potentials PRAPs develops are not limited to such applications. PRAPs produces two potentials, …

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Superhard Refractory High-Entropy Diborides, M. D. Hossain, N. S. Mcilwaine, N. O. Marquez-Rios, A. C. Feltrin, V. Chawla, R. A. Mayanovic, W. G. Fahrenholtz, D. Penumadu, E. Zurek, D. W. Brenner, D. E. Wolfe, S. Divilov, H. Eckert, S. Curtarolo Mar 2026

Superhard Refractory High-Entropy Diborides, M. D. Hossain, N. S. Mcilwaine, N. O. Marquez-Rios, A. C. Feltrin, V. Chawla, R. A. Mayanovic, W. G. Fahrenholtz, D. Penumadu, E. Zurek, D. W. Brenner, D. E. Wolfe, S. Divilov, H. Eckert, S. Curtarolo

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Using first-principles calculations and companion experimental validations, we demonstrate that the valence electron concentration (VEC) can be used to self-consistently parameterize the bonding characteristics of high-entropy diborides (HEBs) and in turn predict their mechanical properties. When VEC is 10.0 per formula unit (f.u.), HEBs enter the superhard category where Hv>40GPa because bonding states are optimally filled to resist shear deformation. Conversely, above or below a VEC of 10.0, the hardness decreases due to the filling of antibonding or the emptying of bonding states of the HEBs, respectively. This result is supported by analyses of the electronic structure, bonding, antibonding, …

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Warrior Bot, Relational Bot, Blameworthy Bot: How A Student Design Team Anthropomorphize Their Combat Robot Creations, Daniel Burton Shank, Frederick F. Sunkpal, Nova Lee Young, Karli Hoerstkamp, David Wright, Merilee A. Krueger, Carleigh J. Davis Mar 2026

Warrior Bot, Relational Bot, Blameworthy Bot: How A Student Design Team Anthropomorphize Their Combat Robot Creations, Daniel Burton Shank, Frederick F. Sunkpal, Nova Lee Young, Karli Hoerstkamp, David Wright, Merilee A. Krueger, Carleigh J. Davis

Psychological Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

How do robot designers anthropomorphize their own creations? Because robot designers have the ability to alter the robot, identify as its creator, and understand their robot's internal makeup, their process of anthropomorphism and its outcomes may be different from that of the typical robot user. We investigate this research question in the domain of combat robots, where anthropomorphism is critical to decision-making, communication, and trust in high-stakes, high-emotion combat situations faced by robot-soldier teams. We conducted an in-depth case study of a university's student-led Combat Robotics Design Team over the design, construction, testing, and competition phases for their competitive combat …

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Understanding Human Arm Stiffness Modulation In Overground Phri: The Roles Of Kinematics, Perturbation, And Trunk Sway, Mohsen Mohammadi Beirami, Sambad Regmi, Devin Michael Burns, Yun Seong Song Mar 2026

Understanding Human Arm Stiffness Modulation In Overground Phri: The Roles Of Kinematics, Perturbation, And Trunk Sway, Mohsen Mohammadi Beirami, Sambad Regmi, Devin Michael Burns, Yun Seong Song

Psychological Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study examines human arm kinematics during overground physical human-robot interaction (pHRI). Previous work showed humans adjust arm stiffness with changing trajectory uncertainty, but the roles of arm kinematics and muscle activation remained unclear. Building on a preliminary study, we analyzed arm movements with more participants (10 individuals) to achieve more reliable findings and examined two potential influences that arose in the preliminary study: the robot's perturbation effect (a brief hand push) and left-to-right trunk sway. Using a linear mixed-effects model, we evaluated the effects of participant, block, and trajectory condition on arm angles. Results showed minimal kinematic contribution to …

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The Effect Of Reduction Of Input-Parameters On Data-Driven Prediction Of Critical Heat Flux In Rod Bundles Using Extended Parameters For Reactor Thermal–Hydraulic Safety, Rehan Zubair Khalid, Atif Khan, Farooq Ahmad, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, Atta Ullah Mar 2026

The Effect Of Reduction Of Input-Parameters On Data-Driven Prediction Of Critical Heat Flux In Rod Bundles Using Extended Parameters For Reactor Thermal–Hydraulic Safety, Rehan Zubair Khalid, Atif Khan, Farooq Ahmad, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, Atta Ullah

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Accurate prediction of the critical heat flux (CHF) is a key pillar for ensuring both the safety and economic performance of nuclear reactors. While machine learning (ML)-based methodologies have demonstrated considerable success in predicting CHF, most existing studies have been confined to simplified geometries, such as single tubes. Conversely, limited attention has been devoted to CHF prediction in realistic reactor environments, particularly within rod bundle configurations, where complex multiphase flow and heat transfer phenomena prevail. In this work we develop different AI models based on large dataset operating conditions as well as the complex geometric features of rod bundles. The …

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Microwave Dielectric Properties Of Geopolymer Precursor Powders, Linh T. Duong, Abu Naser Rashid Reza, Kristen M. Donnell, Christopher R. Shearer Mar 2026

Microwave Dielectric Properties Of Geopolymer Precursor Powders, Linh T. Duong, Abu Naser Rashid Reza, Kristen M. Donnell, Christopher R. Shearer

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Geopolymers are sustainable structural materials with properties similar to ordinary Portland cement concrete. To better understand the fundamental reaction mechanisms of geopolymers, a microwave materials characterization approach is used. In this research work, the dielectric properties (permittivity and loss factor) of common precursor powders used to make geopolymers (GPPs)—fly ash, lime, metakaolin, silica fume, slag, and zeolite—are measured over the S- and X-band frequency ranges (i.e., 2.0–4.0 GHz and 8.2–12.4 GHz, respectively). The physical characteristics, elemental composition, mineralogical properties, and phase characterization of the GPPs are then correlated to dielectric properties. Permittivity of GPP, classified as pozzolanic or latent hydraulic, …

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Positive Solutions For Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations With A Disturbance Parameter On An Infinite Interval, Zhaocai Hao, Lu Song, Martin Bohner, Qianqian Gu, Panzhen Liu Feb 2026

Positive Solutions For Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations With A Disturbance Parameter On An Infinite Interval, Zhaocai Hao, Lu Song, Martin Bohner, Qianqian Gu, Panzhen Liu

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper studies a class of integral boundary value problems of fractional differential equations with a disturbance parameter on an infinite interval. By applying the upper-lower solution method and fixed point index theory, the influence of the disturbance parameter on the existence of positive solutions is rigorously analyzed. We have obtained that the boundaryvalue problem admits at least twopositive solutions, one positivesolution or no solution. An example is provided to validate the results. The results of this study provide a significant complement and refinement to some existing findings.

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