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Dissolution Mechanism Of Nonionic Polyether Surfactants In Supercritical Co2, Ning Xu, Yanling Wang, Baojun Bai, Shizhang Cui, Zan Gao, Yu Zhang, Di Li, Wenjing Shi, Wenhui Ding, Peixu Ma Aug 2025

Dissolution Mechanism Of Nonionic Polyether Surfactants In Supercritical Co2, Ning Xu, Yanling Wang, Baojun Bai, Shizhang Cui, Zan Gao, Yu Zhang, Di Li, Wenjing Shi, Wenhui Ding, Peixu Ma

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Polyoxyethylene ether is an efficient CO2-philic compound with significant potential applications in CO2 flooding, which requires CO2-philic surfactants with high solubility in supercritical CO2 (scCO2). This study elucidates the molecular and atomic-level dissolution mechanism of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) in scCO2 by combining phase-behavior experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. The solubility of AEO in scCO2 is measured using a semiconductor laser. AEO containing three polyoxyethylene (EO) groups exhibited the highest solubility in scCO2.The solubility of AEO in scCO2 decreased with an increase in the number …

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Polymeric Nanocarriers Functionalized With Peptides For Improved Glioblastoma Targeting And Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability, Cristian Antonio Wieczorek Villas Boas, Aaron Priester, Buck E. Rogers, Anthony J. Convertine Aug 2025

Polymeric Nanocarriers Functionalized With Peptides For Improved Glioblastoma Targeting And Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability, Cristian Antonio Wieczorek Villas Boas, Aaron Priester, Buck E. Rogers, Anthony J. Convertine

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We report the synthesis of polymeric conjugates designed to penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and selectively bind glioblastoma (GBM) cells through reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The resulting materials were engineered to contain peptide macromonomers for cell-specific targeting and integrated DOTA units to facilitate radiolabeling with copper-64 (64Cu), yielding radiolabeled conjugates with greater than 95% radiochemical purity. In biodistribution assessments conducted in mice, C1C2 peptide-conjugated polymers showed significantly improved accumulation in brain tissue, supported by brain perfusion analyses confirming efficient BBB penetration. Additionally, flow cytometry evaluations demonstrated specific affinity of GBM-targeted polymer formulations toward U87 glioblastoma cells. …

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Efficient Decontamination Of Organophosphate-Based Pesticides And Nerve Agent Simulants Mediated By N-Containing Nucleophiles, Emmanuel Kingsley Darkwah, Puspa Aryal, Saidulu Todeti, Jared Kenik, Samuel Insall, V. Prakash Reddy, Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis Aug 2025

Efficient Decontamination Of Organophosphate-Based Pesticides And Nerve Agent Simulants Mediated By N-Containing Nucleophiles, Emmanuel Kingsley Darkwah, Puspa Aryal, Saidulu Todeti, Jared Kenik, Samuel Insall, V. Prakash Reddy, Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

There is a growing interest in developing safer and more effective decontaminating agents for organophosphate-based pesticides and nerve agents. In this study, we present an effective method for the nonaqueous decontamination of these compounds using small-molecule-based decontaminating agents under ambient conditions. Our approach utilizes aryl and heteroaryl carboxaldehyde hydrazones and hydrazides to effectively hydrolyze nerve agent simulants into their nontoxic degradation products. The effectiveness of this method was evaluated using a range of nerve agent simulants, including dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (DMNP), dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP). In the presence of the heteroaryl hydrazone, the rate of hydrolysis …

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Predictability And The Pleasure Of Music, Amy M. Belfi Aug 2025

Predictability And The Pleasure Of Music, Amy M. Belfi

Psychological Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Evaluating The Toxicity Of Electronic Cigarette Aerosols For Firsthand And Secondhand Exposure Under Different Device Operating Conditions, Kashala Fabrice Kapiamba, Hsin Yin Chuang, Weixing Hao, Ta Chun Lin, Lung Chi Chen, Yue-Wern Huang, Yang Wang Aug 2025

Evaluating The Toxicity Of Electronic Cigarette Aerosols For Firsthand And Secondhand Exposure Under Different Device Operating Conditions, Kashala Fabrice Kapiamba, Hsin Yin Chuang, Weixing Hao, Ta Chun Lin, Lung Chi Chen, Yue-Wern Huang, Yang Wang

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

The rapid proliferation of electronic cigarettes (ECs) has raised significant concerns about their potential health effects on both users and bystanders. This study systematically investigates the impact of EC aerosol exposure on human alveolar epithelial cells (A549), considering variations in device parameters, nicotine concentration, and exposure type. Using a gravity-based air–liquid interface exposure system, we assessed cytotoxicity and epithelial barrier integrity by measuring cell viability and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Our results indicate that EC aerosol exposure significantly reduces cell viability and disrupts monolayer integrity in a dose- and device-dependent manner. Notably, VUSE (pod-type) exposure led to a 16% decrease …

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The Implications Of Insecure Use Of Fonts Against Pdf Documents And Web Pages, Junjie Xiong, Mingkui Wei, Xiao Han, Zhuo Lu, Yao Liu Aug 2025

The Implications Of Insecure Use Of Fonts Against Pdf Documents And Web Pages, Junjie Xiong, Mingkui Wei, Xiao Han, Zhuo Lu, Yao Liu

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper identifies the importance of the safe use of fonts in web and document security. We find multiple attack surfaces that can be exploited by an adversary using malicious fonts. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation of Portable Document Format (PDF) documents collected from the real world to investigate how an attacker can bypass PDF signatures. We further evaluate the potential security threats that an attacker can bring to web-based emails. Our study shows that various security issues may be caused by the inappropriate use of fonts, which are nevertheless overlooked in the past years. As such, guidelines promoting the …

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Receiver Function Imaging Of The Mantle Transition Zone Beneath The East Sayan Mountains And Adjacent Area In Central Asia: Implications For Lithospheric Drip And Intraplate Cenozoic Volcanism, Yangyang Liao, Kelly H. Liu, Stephen S. Gao Aug 2025

Receiver Function Imaging Of The Mantle Transition Zone Beneath The East Sayan Mountains And Adjacent Area In Central Asia: Implications For Lithospheric Drip And Intraplate Cenozoic Volcanism, Yangyang Liao, Kelly H. Liu, Stephen S. Gao

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

To provide constraints on the formation mechanisms of intracontinental volcanisms and intriguing lithospheric thickness variations in the East Sayan Mountains and surrounding areas, we stack P-to-s receiver functions to image the 410-km and 660-km discontinuities. Mantle transition zone (MTZ) thickening observed in a continuous area is attributable to ancient slab remnants, and Cenozoic volcanisms in the peripheral area can be explained by slab dehydration. The thinning of the MTZ in the Tuva-Mongolian Massif can be explained by mantle upwelling branches induced by slab subduction. Our results reveal an approximately circular area in the MTZ that is significantly thicker than usual, …

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Firm Capabilities Versus Regional Factors: A Random Forest Approach For Predicting Toxic Chemical Releases Among Us Industrial Facilities, Mahelet G. Fikru, Jennifer Brodmann Aug 2025

Firm Capabilities Versus Regional Factors: A Random Forest Approach For Predicting Toxic Chemical Releases Among Us Industrial Facilities, Mahelet G. Fikru, Jennifer Brodmann

Economics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Predicting toxic releases remains a challenge for environmental protection, as effective regulation and mitigation depend on understanding the key drivers behind firms' pollution behavior. We examine the factors that influence firm environmental pollution by determining whether corporate capabilities or regional factors better predict toxic chemical emissions. We combine toxic releases data across 1976 industrial facilities in the United States with firm-level financial performance indicators and regional socio-demography variables to identify the most significant predictors of environmental outcomes. We use a random forest model due to its ability to capture complex, nonlinear interactions among predictors and provide robust variable importance rankings. …

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Collapse Of A Quantum Vortex In An Attractive Two-Dimensional Bose Gas, Sambit Banerjee, Kai Zhou, Shiva Kant Tiwari, Hikaru Tamura, Rongjie Li, Panayotis Kevrekidis, Simeon I. Mistakidis, Valentin Walther, Chen Lung Hung Aug 2025

Collapse Of A Quantum Vortex In An Attractive Two-Dimensional Bose Gas, Sambit Banerjee, Kai Zhou, Shiva Kant Tiwari, Hikaru Tamura, Rongjie Li, Panayotis Kevrekidis, Simeon I. Mistakidis, Valentin Walther, Chen Lung Hung

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We experimentally and numerically study the collapse dynamics of a quantum vortex in a two-dimensional atomic superfluid following a fast interaction ramp from repulsion to attraction. We find the conditions and timescales for a superfluid vortex to radially converge into a quasi-stationary density profile, demonstrating the spontaneous formation of a vortex soliton like structure in an atomic Bose gas. We record an emergent self-similar dynamic caused by an azimuthal modulational instability, which amplifies initial density perturbations and leads to the eventual splitting of a solitonic ring profile or direct fragmentation of a superfluid into disordered, but roughly circular arrays of …

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Effects Of Spent Coffee Grounds On Improvement Of Resistive Switching Characteristics In Natural Rubber-Based Memory, Muhammad Awais, Nadras Othman, Mohamad Danial Shafiq, Feng Zhao, Kuan Yew Cheong Aug 2025

Effects Of Spent Coffee Grounds On Improvement Of Resistive Switching Characteristics In Natural Rubber-Based Memory, Muhammad Awais, Nadras Othman, Mohamad Danial Shafiq, Feng Zhao, Kuan Yew Cheong

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The recent upsurge in environmental awareness provokes the widespread usage of green materials in sustainable electronic applications. Herein, the effects of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) on natural rubber (NR)-based resistive switching (RS) memory are systematically investigated. This study presents the fabrication of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure using NR incorporated with SCGs (0 to 8 wt.%) as a memristive layer and sandwiched between electrodes. A significant improvement in the ON/OFF ratio from 104 for pure NR to 107, read memory window increased from 2.03 to 2.45 V with improved stability even after 130 cycles of switching is achieved …

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Epitaxial Electrodeposition Of Cu-Btc Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films Onto The (100), (110), And (111) Surfaces Of Single-Crystal Gold And Cuprous Oxide Buffer Layers, Xiaoting Zhang, John Z. Tubbesing, Jay A. Switzer Aug 2025

Epitaxial Electrodeposition Of Cu-Btc Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films Onto The (100), (110), And (111) Surfaces Of Single-Crystal Gold And Cuprous Oxide Buffer Layers, Xiaoting Zhang, John Z. Tubbesing, Jay A. Switzer

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have well-defined pore structures. Epitaxial MOFs can produce films with uniform pore sizes and open porosity. However, the growth of epitaxial MOF thin films has remained a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a cathodic electrodeposition method for the epitaxial growth of a well-known MOF material, copper (II)-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (Cu-BTC), from solution precursors. The epitaxial electrodeposition of Cu-BTC was achieved in a Cu (NO3)2-H3BTC-H2O2 bath using H2O2 reduction to deprotonate the H3BTC molecule. The Cu-BTC films can be grown to micrometer thicknesses with Faradaic efficiencies up …

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Demystifying The Discharge Coefficient For Flow Over Thin Weirs And Sills, Joseph E. Pugh, Subhas Karan Venayagamoorthy, Timothy K. Gates Aug 2025

Demystifying The Discharge Coefficient For Flow Over Thin Weirs And Sills, Joseph E. Pugh, Subhas Karan Venayagamoorthy, Timothy K. Gates

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A revised derivation of the discharge coefficient for flows over thin weirs and sills in the limits of wall overflow to a free overfall is given. Using dimensional analysis, we show that the discharge coefficient, (Formula presented), in the classical weir-discharge equation is best understood as a weir Froude number, (Formula presented), which accounts for the combined effects of inertia, contraction and viscous energy losses within the flow field. A comprehensive set of experimental data from historical studies is complimented by new data from the authors, featuring both laboratory flume experiments and three-dimensional numerical simulations of weir flows. Synthesis of …

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Development And Optimization Of Gradient Pore Structured Porous Ceramics: Modeling, Properties, And Potential For Industrial Production In Thermal Insulation Engineering, Gang Qi, Minghui Li, Ruoyu Chen, Haichuan Wang, Haiming Wen, Yi Ding, Xiaoyu Xia, Dixin Yan, Can Chen, Saisai Li Aug 2025

Development And Optimization Of Gradient Pore Structured Porous Ceramics: Modeling, Properties, And Potential For Industrial Production In Thermal Insulation Engineering, Gang Qi, Minghui Li, Ruoyu Chen, Haichuan Wang, Haiming Wen, Yi Ding, Xiaoyu Xia, Dixin Yan, Can Chen, Saisai Li

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study prepared gradient pore structure ceramics from silica fume through direct foaming. The rheological behavior of the slurry was improved by varying the solids content. Physical and mathematical models were developed to describe the longitudinal movement of foam in the ceramic slurry and the mechanism of gradient pore formation. These models were used to predict the pore sizes at different heights within the ceramic. Insulation and mechanical properties were enhanced by optimizing the gradient pore structure. The gradient pore structure resulted in significant directional differences in specimen properties. Additionally, suitable sintering-temperatures for gradient pore structure ceramics are discussed. The …

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Solvent- And Binder-Free Additive Manufacturing Of Polymer-Derived Ceramics: Rheological Tuning And Structural Performance, Laxmi Sai Viswanadha, Jeremy Watts, Mohammad Naraghi Aug 2025

Solvent- And Binder-Free Additive Manufacturing Of Polymer-Derived Ceramics: Rheological Tuning And Structural Performance, Laxmi Sai Viswanadha, Jeremy Watts, Mohammad Naraghi

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic matrix composites are widely used in aerospace applications due to their high strength, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance. However, traditional machining methods make it challenging to fabricate complex shapes. This study presents a solvent-free and binder-free direct ink writing (DIW) method for producing SiC/SiOC composites using polycarbosilane SMP-10, a preceramic polymer that acts as both the ceramic precursor and the liquid phase, thereby eliminating the need for volatile solvents and sacrificial binders. By adjusting the SiC content, printable ink formulations were developed, and their flow properties were analyzed. The influence of geometric factors, such as inter-wall …

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Energy-Stable And Efficient Finite Element Schemes For The Shliomis Model Of Ferrofluid Flows, Guo Dong Zhang, Kejia Pan, Xiaoming He, Xiaofeng Yang Aug 2025

Energy-Stable And Efficient Finite Element Schemes For The Shliomis Model Of Ferrofluid Flows, Guo Dong Zhang, Kejia Pan, Xiaoming He, Xiaofeng Yang

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, we aim to design two energy-stable and efficient finite element schemes for simulating the ferrofluid flows based on the well-known Shliomis model. The model is a highly nonlinear, coupled, multi-physics system, consisting of the Navier–Stokes equations, magnetostatic equation, and magnetization field equation. We propose two reliable numerical algorithms with the following desired features: linearity and unconditional energy stability. Several key techniques are used to achieve the required features, including the auxiliary variable method, consistent terms method, prediction-correction method, and semi-implicit stabilization method. The first scheme is based on a hybrid continuous/discontinuous finite elements spatial approximation, and the …

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Ai-Driven Uncertainty Quantification & Multi-Physics Approach To Evaluate Cladding Materials In A Microreactor, Alexander Foutch, Kazuma Kobayashi, Ayodeji Babatunde Alajo, Dinesh Kumar, Syed Bahauddin Alam Aug 2025

Ai-Driven Uncertainty Quantification & Multi-Physics Approach To Evaluate Cladding Materials In A Microreactor, Alexander Foutch, Kazuma Kobayashi, Ayodeji Babatunde Alajo, Dinesh Kumar, Syed Bahauddin Alam

Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

The pursuit of enhanced nuclear safety has spurred the development of accident-tolerant cladding (ATC) materials for light water reactors (LWRs). This study investigates the potential of repurposing these ATCs in advanced reactor designs, aiming to expedite material development and reduce costs. The research employs a multi-physics approach, encompassing neutronics, heat transfer, thermodynamics, and structural mechanics, to evaluate four candidate materials (Haynes 230, Zircaloy-4, FeCrAl, and SiC–SiC) within the context of a high-temperature, sodium-cooled microreactor, exemplified by the Kilopower design. While neutronic simulations revealed negligible power profile variations among the materials, finite element analyses highlighted the superior thermal stability of SiC–SiC …

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Examining Shock Wave Flow Past The Brim Of A Helmet Using Schlieren Imaging, Cody Thomas, Catherine E. Johnson Aug 2025

Examining Shock Wave Flow Past The Brim Of A Helmet Using Schlieren Imaging, Cody Thomas, Catherine E. Johnson

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Increasing the protection a helmet provides the user from shock waves can help reduce the prevalence of blast induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI). Previous research has shown that air enters and gets trapped in the helmet-head cavity and can increase the overpressure experienced by the wearer. The brim design of the helmet has yet to be studied to understand how shock waves flow into the helmet. By studying a variety of brims, it is possible that the design can be modified to minimize shock wave flow into the helmet. This paper investigated a shock wave impacting interior and exterior facing …

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Predicting Miner Localization In Underground Mine Emergencies Using A Hybrid Cnn-Lstm Model With Data From Delay-Tolerant Network Databases, Patrick Nonguin, Samuel Frimpong, Sanjay Madria Aug 2025

Predicting Miner Localization In Underground Mine Emergencies Using A Hybrid Cnn-Lstm Model With Data From Delay-Tolerant Network Databases, Patrick Nonguin, Samuel Frimpong, Sanjay Madria

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Underground mining environments are highly hazardous, often prone to gas explosions, cave-ins, and fires that may trap miners during emergencies. The accurate, real-time localization of miners is vital for effective self-escape and rescue operations. Although the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response (MINER) Act of 2006 mandates communication and tracking systems, most current solutions rely on low-power devices and line-of-sight methods that are ineffective in GPS-denied, dynamic subsurface conditions. Delay-Tolerant Networking (DTN) has emerged as a promising alternative by supporting message relay through intermittent links. In this work, we propose a deep learning framework that combines Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) …

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Evaluating Consumer Preference And Willingness To Pay For Low Emission Electricity: Evidence From A National Choice Experiment In The Us, Bruktawit M. Ahmed, Mahelet G. Fikru Aug 2025

Evaluating Consumer Preference And Willingness To Pay For Low Emission Electricity: Evidence From A National Choice Experiment In The Us, Bruktawit M. Ahmed, Mahelet G. Fikru

Economics Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study examines consumer preferences for renewable energy and carbon capture technologies through a choice experiment involving 1200 nationally representative respondents in the US. The analysis estimates willingness to pay (WTP) for increases in renewable energy content, carbon capture, and strategies for managing captured carbon, such as geological storage or industrial utilization. Results reveal a strong preference for low-emission electricity products, with WTP estimates ranging from $2.9 to $4.1 per month for a 10 % increase in renewable content and $0.50 to $2.3 for a 10 % increase in carbon capture. Respondents most preferred carbon capture and utilization for managing …

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Comparative Nitrene-Transfer Chemistry To Olefins Mediated By First-Row Transition Metal Catalysts Supported By A Pyridinophane Macrocycle With N4 Ligation, Himanshu Bhatia, Lillian P. Adams, Ingrid Cordsiemon, Suraj Kumar Sahoo, Amitava Choudhury, Thomas R. Cundari, Pericles Stavropoulos Aug 2025

Comparative Nitrene-Transfer Chemistry To Olefins Mediated By First-Row Transition Metal Catalysts Supported By A Pyridinophane Macrocycle With N4 Ligation, Himanshu Bhatia, Lillian P. Adams, Ingrid Cordsiemon, Suraj Kumar Sahoo, Amitava Choudhury, Thomas R. Cundari, Pericles Stavropoulos

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

A 12-membered pyridinophane scaffold containing two pyridine and two tertiary amine residues is examined as a prototype ligand (tBuN4) for supporting nitrene transfer to olefins. The known [(tBuN4)MII(MeCN)2]2+ (M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) and [(tBuN4)CuI(MeCN)]+ cations are synthesized with the hexafluorophosphate counteranion. The aziridination of para-substituted styrenes with PhI=NTs (Ts = tosyl) in various solvents proved to be high yielding for the Cu(I) and Cu(II) reagents, in contrast to the modest efficacy of all other metals. For α-substituted styrenes, aziridination is accompanied by products of aziridine …

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Visceral, Neural, And Immunotoxicity Of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: A Mini Review, Pietro Martano, Samira Mahdi, Tong Zhou, Yasmin Barazandegan, Rebecca Iha, Hannah Do, Joel Burken, Paul Ki-Souk Nam, Qingbo Yang, Ruipu Mu Aug 2025

Visceral, Neural, And Immunotoxicity Of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: A Mini Review, Pietro Martano, Samira Mahdi, Tong Zhou, Yasmin Barazandegan, Rebecca Iha, Hannah Do, Joel Burken, Paul Ki-Souk Nam, Qingbo Yang, Ruipu Mu

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have gained significant attention due to their widespread distribution in the environment and potential adverse health effects. While ingestion, especially through contaminated drinking water, is considered the primary route of human exposure, recent research suggests that other pathways, such as inhalation and dermal absorption, also play a significant role. This review provides a concise overview of the toxicological impacts of both legacy and emerging PFASs, such as GenX and perfluoro butane sulfonic acid (PFBS), with a particular focus on their effects on the liver, kidneys, and immune and nervous systems, based on findings from recent …

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Influence Of Mixing Duration And Absorption Characteristics Of Superabsorbent Polymers On The Fresh And Hardened Properties Of High-Performance Concrete, Yu Cun Gu, Kamal H. Khayat Aug 2025

Influence Of Mixing Duration And Absorption Characteristics Of Superabsorbent Polymers On The Fresh And Hardened Properties Of High-Performance Concrete, Yu Cun Gu, Kamal H. Khayat

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study investigates the combined influence of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) with distinct absorption kinetics and extended mixing sequences on the rheological, mechanical, and transport properties of high-performance concrete (HPC). Two SAPs—an ionic acrylamide-co-acrylic acid copolymer (SAP-P) and a non-ionic acrylamide polymer (SAP-B)—were incorporated at an internal curing level of 100%. The impact of extended mixing times (3, 5, and 7 min) following SAP addition was systematically evaluated. Results showed that longer mixing durations led to increased superplasticizer demand and higher plastic viscosity due to continued water absorption by SAPs. However, yield stress remained relatively stable owing to the dispersing effect …

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Modification Of Tini Alloy By Fast Pulse Laser Heat Treatment, Yitao Chen, Mohammad Masud Parvez, Frank Liou Aug 2025

Modification Of Tini Alloy By Fast Pulse Laser Heat Treatment, Yitao Chen, Mohammad Masud Parvez, Frank Liou

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this study, the effects of local heat treatment with fast pulse laser on thin TiNi shape memory alloy strip materials were investigated. Various materials characterization methods including optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and Vickers hardness were used to identify the differences of microstructure, mechanical properties, and functional properties between regions inside and outside the laser-scanned region. The tensile test was also conducted for both the non-laser-scanned specimen and the laser-scanned specimen. The area covered by laser scanning shows great differences by possessing a more homogeneous austenite phase without shear bands and …

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Digital Twins, Ai, And Cybersecurity In Additive Manufacturing: A Comprehensive Review Of Current Trends And Challenges, Md Sazol Ahmmed, Laraib Khan, Muhammad Arif Mahmood, Frank Liou Aug 2025

Digital Twins, Ai, And Cybersecurity In Additive Manufacturing: A Comprehensive Review Of Current Trends And Challenges, Md Sazol Ahmmed, Laraib Khan, Muhammad Arif Mahmood, Frank Liou

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The development of Industry 4.0 has accelerated the adoption of sophisticated technologies, including Digital Twins (DTs), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and cybersecurity, within Additive Manufacturing (AM). Enabling real-time monitoring, process optimization, predictive maintenance, and secure data management can redefine conventional manufacturing paradigms. Although their individual importance is increasing, a consistent understanding of how these technologies interact and collectively improve AM procedures is lacking. Focusing on the integration of digital twins (DTs), modular AI, and cybersecurity in AM, this review presents a comprehensive analysis of over 137 research publications from Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. The publications are categorized …

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Mantle Flow And Crustal Deformation Revealed By Seismic Anisotropy In The Subduction Zone Beneath Myanmar, Enbo Fan, Mingming Jiang, Yinshuang Ai, Stephen S. Gao, Kelly H. Liu, Yumei He, Yiming Bai, Guangbing Hou, Yuan Ling, Chit Thet Mon, Myo Thant, Kyaing Sein Aug 2025

Mantle Flow And Crustal Deformation Revealed By Seismic Anisotropy In The Subduction Zone Beneath Myanmar, Enbo Fan, Mingming Jiang, Yinshuang Ai, Stephen S. Gao, Kelly H. Liu, Yumei He, Yiming Bai, Guangbing Hou, Yuan Ling, Chit Thet Mon, Myo Thant, Kyaing Sein

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The oblique convergence of the Indian and Eurasian plates drives significant deformation in the crust and mantle beneath Myanmar. However, the crustal deformation in the Indo-Burman Ranges (IBR) and mantle flow beneath Myanmar and adjacent areas remain unclear due to limited studies. We utilized data from the newly deployed second phase of the China-Myanmar Geophysical Survey of the Myanmar Orogen array to perform shear wave splitting analysis of PKS, SKKS, and SKS (XKS) phases. Our results, together with previous findings, provide new insights into mantle flow and crustal deformation across central Myanmar. In the IBR, we observed a transition from …

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Squeezing Information From Radio Surveys To Probe The Primordial Universe, Dionysios Karagiannis, Roy Maartens, Shun Saito, José Fonseca, Stefano Camera, Chris Clarkson Aug 2025

Squeezing Information From Radio Surveys To Probe The Primordial Universe, Dionysios Karagiannis, Roy Maartens, Shun Saito, José Fonseca, Stefano Camera, Chris Clarkson

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

A major goal of cosmology is to understand the nature of the field(s) which drove primordial Inflation. Through future observations, the statistics of large-scale structure will allow us to probe primordial non-Gaussianity of the curvature perturbation at the end of Inflation. We show how a new correlation statistic can significantly improve these constraints over conventional methods. Next-generation radio telescope arrays are under construction which will map the density field of neutral hydrogen to high redshifts. These telescopes can operate as an interferometer, able to probe small scales, or as a collection of single dishes, combining signals to map the large …

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Stabilization Of Cr³⁺ Using Iron Rich Slag-Derived Phosphate Cement: An Integrated Solution For Heavy Metals And Hazardous Solid Wastes, Ting Huang, Hongyan Ma, Zhongqiu Luo, Xintao Zhou, Zhengqing He, Peiwen Lv, Xiunan Cai, Pingyan Wang Aug 2025

Stabilization Of Cr³⁺ Using Iron Rich Slag-Derived Phosphate Cement: An Integrated Solution For Heavy Metals And Hazardous Solid Wastes, Ting Huang, Hongyan Ma, Zhongqiu Luo, Xintao Zhou, Zhengqing He, Peiwen Lv, Xiunan Cai, Pingyan Wang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A novel iron-based phosphate cement (IPC), derived from iron-rich smelting slag (ISS), was developed as a sustainable and efficient binder for the stabilization/solidification of trivalent chromium (Cr3+). The mechanical properties, hydration behavior, microstructure, leaching toxicity, chromium chemical forms, and environmental safety of chromium-stabilized iron phosphate cement (CIPC) were thoroughly evaluated. The results showed that, with a mass ratio of ISS to ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) of 2.0, and even with the addition of 20 % chromium nitrate nonahydrate (CN), the compressive strength of CIPC reached 4.2 MPa after curing for 28 d. Furthermore, chromium leaching was well below …

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Localized Multivariate Statistical Assessment Of United States Construction Labor Shortages, Ahmed Shiha, Islam H. El-Adaway Aug 2025

Localized Multivariate Statistical Assessment Of United States Construction Labor Shortages, Ahmed Shiha, Islam H. El-Adaway

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Craft labor shortage is a persistent challenge facing the construction industry across various markets. The historically low geographic mobility of construction labor exacerbates and localizes labor shortages. Several research efforts relied on subjective evaluations to quantify the existence of labor shortages on a national level. As such, there is a lack of empirical quantification of labor shortages at different geospatial levels. This paper fills this knowledge gap. To this end, the authors adopted a methodology that encompassed: (1) conducting a literature review to identify and collect national-level and subnational indicators that explain the changes in labor supply and demand; (2) …

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Coupling Effect Of Abrasion And Erosion On Ultrahigh-Performance Seawater-Sea Sand Concrete, Dawei Ding, Wei Zhang, Lanqin Wang, Hongyan Ma, Biqin Dong, Song Han, Hongjian Xu, Dongshuai Hou Aug 2025

Coupling Effect Of Abrasion And Erosion On Ultrahigh-Performance Seawater-Sea Sand Concrete, Dawei Ding, Wei Zhang, Lanqin Wang, Hongyan Ma, Biqin Dong, Song Han, Hongjian Xu, Dongshuai Hou

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Preparing ultrahigh-performance seawater-sea sand concrete (UHPSSC) to mitigate the scarcity of freshwater and river sand resources has generated considerable recent research interest. However, the deterioration mechanisms of UHPSSC under the effect of abrasion and erosion remain unstudied. In this paper, the underwater steel ball method was conducted to evaluate the impact of seawater, sea sand, steel fiber, and seawater abrasion on the abrasion resistance of UHPSSC. Then the stress erosion models of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) were constructed to investigate the degradation mechanisms of UHPSSC under the effect of external stress and seawater erosion. The results show that the application of seawater …

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“Silent Is Not Actually Silent”: An Investigation Of Toxicity On Bug Report Discussion, Mia Mohammad Imran, Jaydeb Sarker Jul 2025

“Silent Is Not Actually Silent”: An Investigation Of Toxicity On Bug Report Discussion, Mia Mohammad Imran, Jaydeb Sarker

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Toxicity in bug report discussions poses significant challenges to the collaborative dynamics of open-source software development. Bug reports are crucial for identifying and resolving defects, yet their inherently problem-focused nature and emotionally charged context make them susceptible to toxic interactions. This study explores toxicity in GitHub bug reports through a qualitative analysis of 203 bug threads, including 81 toxic ones. Our findings reveal that toxicity frequently arises from misaligned perceptions of bug severity and priority, unresolved frustrations with tools, and lapses in professional communication. These toxic interactions not only derail productive discussions but also reduce the likelihood of actionable outcomes, …

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