Digital Commons Network^™

A Parallel Framework For Efficiently Updating Graph Properties In Large Dynamic Networks, Arindam Khanda, Sajal K. Das

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Graph queries on large networks leverage the stored graph properties to provide faster results. Since real-world graphs are mostly dynamic, i.e., the graph topology changes over time, the corresponding graph attributes also change over time. In certain situations, recompiling or updating earlier properties is necessary to maintain the accuracy of a response to a graph query. Here, we first propose a generic framework for developing parallel algorithms to update graph properties on large dynamic networks. We use our framework to develop algorithms for updating Single Source Shortest Path (SSSP) and Vertex Color. Then we propose applications of the developed algorithms …

Variability Of Hybridization In Topminnows, David D. Duvernell

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Pairs of species that exhibit broadly overlapping distributions, and multiple geographically isolated contact zones, provide opportunities to investigate the mechanisms of reproductive isolation. Such naturally replicated systems have demonstrated that hybridization rates can vary substantially among populations, raising important questions about the genetic basis of reproductive isolation. The topminnows, Fundulus notatus and F. olivaceus, are reciprocally monophyletic, and co-occur in drainages throughout much of the central and southern United States. Hybridization rates vary substantially among populations in isolated drainage systems. We employed genome-wide sampling to investigate geographic variation in hybridization, and to assess the possible importance of chromosome fusions …

Surviving Chatgpt In Healthcare, Zhengliang Liu, Lu Zhang, Zihao Wu, Xiaowei Yu, Chao Cao, Haixing Dai, Ninghao Liu, Jun Liu, Wei Liu, Quanzheng Li, Dinggang Shen, Xiang Li, Dajiang Zhu, Tianming Liu

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

At the dawn of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), the emergence of large language models such as ChatGPT show promise in revolutionizing healthcare by improving patient care, expanding medical access, and optimizing clinical processes. However, their integration into healthcare systems requires careful consideration of potential risks, such as inaccurate medical advice, patient privacy violations, the creation of falsified documents or images, overreliance on AGI in medical education, and the perpetuation of biases. It is crucial to implement proper oversight and regulation to address these risks, ensuring the safe and effective incorporation of AGI technologies into healthcare systems. By acknowledging and mitigating …

Chronic Environmental Circadian Disruption Increases Atherosclerosis And Dyslipidemia In Female, But Not Male, Apolipoproteine-Deficient Mice, Jeffrey M. Chalfant, Deborah A. Howatt, Victoria B. Johnson, Lisa R. Tannock, Alan Daugherty, Julie S. Pendergast

Teacher Education and Certification Faculty Research & Creative Works

Shift work chronically disrupts circadian rhythms and increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms linking shift work and cardiovascular disease are largely unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of chronically shifting the light-dark (LD) cycle, which models the disordered exposure to light that may occur during shift work, on atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the progressive accumulation of lipid-filled lesions within the artery wall and is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. We studied ApolipoproteinE-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice that are a well-established model of atherosclerosis. Male and female ApoE−/− mice were housed in control 12L:12D …

Improved Decap Model And Placement Optimization Algorithm For Power Distribution Network Design, Jack Juang

Masters Theses

"Decoupling capacitors (decaps) are used in power distribution network (PDN) design to act as a low impedance return path for noise and act as a local source of charge when required by integrated circuits (IC). For placement of decaps, which can number even to the hundreds, many algorithms have been proposed including genetic algorithms (GA), iterative algorithm, and machine learning methods.

One limitation of iterative decap placement algorithms (adding one decap at a time) is how the construction of the algorithm affects the form of the final solution. For example, if the reward function (used in GA and machine learning …

Modeling Of A Microstrip Line Referenced To A Meshed Return Plane, Zeyi Sun, Jian Liu, Xiaoyan Xiong, Yuan Liu, Victor Khilkevich, Donghyun Kim, Daryl G. Beetner

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Transmission Lines Referenced to Meshed Return Planes Are Widely Used Because of the Physical Flexibility Imparted by the Meshed Plane. Poor Accounting for the Meshed Ground, However, Can Lead to Severe Signal Integrity and Radio Frequency Interference Issues. Full-Wave Simulation Can Characterize the Electrical Performance at an Early Design Stage, But It is Both Time and Computational Resource Consuming. to Make the Simulation More Efficient, a Method is Proposed in This Study to Model Transmission Lines with a Meshed Reference Ground using 2D Analysis. the 2D Analysis is Performed at Several Locations Along the Length of the Trace above the …

Review Of The Fluid Dynamics And Heat Transport Phenomena In Packed Pebble Bed Nuclear Reactors, Rahman S. Almusafir, Ahmed A. Jasim, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Knowledge and proper safety analyses of the gas coolant and heat transport mechanism in the dynamic core of packed pebble bed nuclear reactors pose challenges to the reliable design and efficient operation of these reactors. Therefore, this paper carefully reviews most of the gas coolant mixing and heat transport studies performed for the fluid flow and heat transfer processes in packed pebble bed reactors (PBRs). It begins with a brief introduction and description of nuclear PBRs. The second section summarizes the physical characteristics of packed bed reactors in terms of the bed structure (porosity) and its radial and axial distributions. …

Simulation Of Coherent Remission In Planar Disordered Medium, Pablo Jara-Palacios, Ho Chun Lin, Chia Wei Hsu, Hui Cao, Alexey Yamilov

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Waves remitted from a scattering medium carry information that can be used for non-invasive imaging and sensing. Such techniques are usually limited by a low photon budget. Recent progress in optical wavefront shaping has enabled coherent control with an order-of-magnitude enhancement of remission [1]. This experimental study necessitated increasingly demanding numerical simulations. Extending this line of research requires more sophisticated computational techniques capable of simulating multiple instances of even larger systems. Here, we demonstrate that remission geometry can be efficiently simulated using a novel open-source software package [2] Maxwell's Equations Solver with Thousands of Inputs (MESTI). To verify its numerical …

Correction: Modeling Phase Selection And Extended Solubility In Rapid Solidified Alloys (Metallurgical And Materials Transactions A, (2023), 10.1007/S11661-023-07221-7), Azeez Akinbo, Yijia Gu

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In the original online version of this article the reference citation in Fig. 3b was incorrect. The original article was corrected.

A Thermal-Aware Dc-Ir Drop Analysis For 2.5d Ic, Shengxuan Xia, Baris M. Dogruoz, Yansheng Wang, Songping Wu, Siqi Bai, Chulsoon Hwang, Zhonghua Wu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

With the Trend of Higher Integration, 3D/2.5D IC Solutions Such as CoWoS (Chip-On-Wafer-On-Substrate) Have Become More Popular in Recent Years. Power Integrity (PI) is Always a Critical Part of the Design Especially When the Power Consumption Requirements Are Important Specs for High-Performance Computing. DC-IR Drop is One of the Criteria within Power Integrity Considerations. However, Ordinary Electrical-Only Simulation for DC-IR Drop Will Be an Underestimation Because It Neglects the Copper Conductivity Dropping Due to the Temperature Rising. Thus, an Engineering Solution for Electrical-Thermal Co-Simulation is Important to Help to Provide Both an Accurate PI Analysis and the Proper Mitigations of …

Perspectives On Usability Testing With Iot Devices In Technical Communication Courses, David Wright

English and Technical Communication Faculty Research & Creative Works

This Article Offers Perspectives on Adopting Smart Home Technology into Usability Testing for Technical and Professional Communication (TPC) Courses. Usability is a Valued Skill for Technical Communicators. However, Usability Testing Methods Have their Problems as Pedagogical Tools. Internet-Of-Things (IoT) Devices and Smart Home Technology (SHT) May Offer Instructors Tools to overcome Some of Those Problems. This Article Details Advantages and Concerns Associated with using SHT for Curricular Usability Testing.

An Eye Tracking Based Framework For Safety Improvement Of Offshore Operations, Muhammad A. Raza, Raj Kiran, Saima Ghazal, Ziho Kang, Saeed Salehi, Edward Cokely, Jiwon Jeon

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Offshore drilling operations consist of complex and high-risk processes. Lack of situational awareness in drilling operations has become an important human factor issue that causes safety accidents. Prolonged work shifts and fatigue are some of the crucial issues that impact performance. Eye tracking technology can be used to distinguish the degree of awareness or alertness of participants that might be related to fatigue or onsite distractions. Oculomotor activity can be used to obtain visual cues that can quantify the drilling operators' situational awareness that might enable us to develop warning alarms to alert the driller. Such systems can help reduce …

Cavity Induced Collective Behavior In The Polaritonic Ground State, Vasil Rokaj, Simeon I. Mistakidis, H. R. Sadeghpour

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics Provides An Ideal Platform To Engineer And Control Light-Matter Interactions With Polariton Quasiparticles. In This Work, We Investigate Collective Phenomena In A System Of Many Particles In A Harmonic Trap Coupled To A Homogeneous Cavity Vacuum Field. The System Couples Collectively To The Cavity Field, Through Its Center Of Mass, And Collective Polariton States Emerge. The Cavity Field Mediates Pairwise Long-Range Interactions And Enhances The Effective Mass Of The Particles. This Leads To An Enhancement Of Localization In The Matter Ground State Density, Which Features A Maximum When Light And Matter Are On Resonance, And Demonstrates A …

A Genome-Wide Association Study Coupled With Machine Learning Approaches To Identify Influential Demographic And Genomic Factors Underlying Parkinson’S Disease, Md Asad Rahman, Jinling Liu

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Background: Despite the recent success of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in identifying 90 independent risk loci for Parkinson's disease (PD), the genomic underpinning of PD is still largely unknown. At the same time, accurate and reliable predictive models utilizing genomic or demographic features are desired in the clinic for predicting the risk of Parkinson's disease. Methods: To identify influential demographic and genomic factors associated with PD and to further develop predictive models, we utilized demographic data, incorporating 200 variables across 33,473 participants, along with genomic data involving 447,089 SNPs across 8,840 samples, both derived from the Fox Insight online study. …

Improving Social Bot Detection Through Aid And Training, Ryan Kenny, Baruch Fischhoff, Alex Davis, Casey I. Canfield

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Objective: We test the effects of three aids on individuals' ability to detect social bots among Twitter personas: a bot indicator score, a training video, and a warning. Background: Detecting social bots can prevent online deception. We use a simulated social media task to evaluate three aids. Method: Lay participants judged whether each of 60 Twitter personas was a human or social bot in a simulated online environment, using agreement between three machine learning algorithms to estimate the probability of each persona being a bot. Experiment 1 compared a control group and two intervention groups, one provided a bot indicator …

Compositional Modifications To Alter And Suppress Laves Phases In Alxcrmotayti Alloys, Austin E. Mann, Joseph William Newkirk

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Herein, the Development of Refractory Complex Concentrated Alloys in the Al–Cr–Mo–Ta–Ti Alloy System is Reported. Alloys with Modified Al and Ta Concentrations Are Designed using CALPHAD Tools and Produced Via Arc Melting and Characterized in Both As-Cast and Annealed Forms. Properties of the Alloys, Nature of the Microstructures, and Phase Transformation Behavior Are Described Via X-Ray Diffraction, Microstructural Characterization, Microhardness, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Two Alloys, Namely, Al0.25CrMoTa0.8Ti and Al0.75CrMoTa0.8Ti, Are Represented by a Body-Centered-Cubic Matrix Phase after Annealing, along with a Secondary Cr–Ta Laves Phase of the C15 and C14 Polytypes, respectively. in As-Cast and Annealed Forms, the Al0.75CrMoTa0.45Ti …

Intragranular Nanocomposite Powders As Building Blocks For Ceramic Nanocomposites, Ryan D. Dempsey, Xiaoqing He, Jonathan A. Scott, David W. Lipke

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A powder-based bottom-up processing scheme is introduced for the production of ceramic nanocomposites. Internal displacement reactions between solid solution powders and metallic reactants proceeding via gaseous intermediates are utilized to generate nanostructured building blocks for the synthesis of ceramic nanocomposites. Subsequent rapid sintering results in ceramic nanocomposites, whose microstructures are inherited from the building blocks. This processing scheme is demonstrated for the production of titanium carbide nanocomposites featuring up to 28 wt.% intragranular tungsten inclusions derived from titanium-tungsten mixed carbide powders. Heat treatment of mixed carbide powders in evacuated ampoules containing titanium sponge and iodine at 1000°C for 24 h …

Influence Of Interfering Ions And Adsorption Temperature On Radioactive Iodine Removal Efficiency And Stability Of Ni-Mof-74 And Zr-Uio-66, Turki Alghamdi, Peter O. Aina, Ali A. Rownaghi, Fateme Rezaei

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) often exhibit an exceptional adsorption-based separation performance for a variety of gases, ions, and liquids. While most radioactive iodine removal studies focus on the capture of radioactive iodine from off-gas streams, few studies have systematically investigated the effect of structure-property relationships of MOFs on iodine removal performance in the presence of interfering ions in liquid solutions. Herein, we investigated the iodide ion (I^-) adsorption performance of two model MOFs (e.g., Ni-MOF-74 and Zr-UiO-66) in liquid phase as a function of iodine concentration (e.g., 0.125 to 0.25 and 0.50 mmol/L) and adsorption temperature (e.g., 25 to …

Effect Of Alkali Metal Functionalization On Hydrogen Storage Performance Of Highly Porous Activated Carbons, Ruthradharshini Murugavel, Ali A. Rownaghi, Fateme Rezaei

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

With increasing energy demand and fast-paced decarbonization methods adopted to curb the adverse effects of greenhouse gas emissions, hydrogen (H2) is considered a sustainable, clean, and potential renewable energy carrier for the future. To substitute the energy needs required for the physical methods of H2 storage, adsorbed gas storage (AGS) is the next viable option that provides the opportunity to adsorb and desorb gases under mild conditions. In this work, we studied the effect of light alkali metal functionalization comprising Li and K on the H2 storage performance of porous graphitic carbon adsorbents. The effect of metal doping on the …

Near-Ir Spectroscopic Analysis Of The Primary Volatile Composition Of Long And Short-Period Comets, Younas Khan

Doctoral Dissertations

"Comets are among the most well-preserved objects that formed in the protosolar nebula ∼4.5 Gyr ago. Hence, they are important for understanding various aspects of the formation, evolution, and habitability of the solar system. Multiple primary volatiles (molecules directly sublimating into the coma from the nucleus) emit via rovibrational transitions in the near-IR, providing opportunities to calculate their abundances. To date, only ∼50 comets have been characterized for their primary volatiles, with the short-period Jupiter-family comets (JFCs) being significantly underrepresented. In contrast, hundreds of comets have been sampled at optical/UV wavelengths, primarily for the composition of daughter species, leading to …

Cfd Analysis For Beyond Bubbly Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows In A Large Diameter Pipe, Sungje Hong

Doctoral Dissertations

"Due to the complexity of multiphase flow phenomena, numerical analysis for multiphase turbulent flow is not as reliable as single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A literature review has revealed that the current efforts on multiphase flow simulation have focused on small diameter channels under very restricted flow conditions and have been conducted without identifying some important procedures. To expand CFD applications to a wide range of two-phase flow conditions in large diameter channels, this study aims to validate the current CFD models for vertical concurrent air-water two-phase flow simulations beyond bubbly flows. First, a numerical model developed to describe dynamical …

Prediction And Root-Cause Analysis For Smart Speaker Intentional Electromagnetic Interference Attacks, Tanner Fokkens

Masters Theses

"Smart home and Internet of Things (IoT) devices have become ubiquitous in homes over the past decade. The smart speaker itself is often the device that interfaces all these devices together. Because of this, the smart speaker can become a point of attack for someone trying to exploit or hack into the smart home devices. In the past few years, it was discovered that smart speakers with microwave electromechanical system (MEMS) microphones are susceptible to intentional electromagnetic interference (I-EMI) attacks by modulating an audio command to a high-frequency carrier signal. This attack allows for command recognition for long-distances and smart …

Dendrochemical Forensics As Material Evidence In Courts: How Could Trees Lie?, Chris Balouet, Joel Gerard Burken, Jacques Martelain, Jonathan Lageard, Frank Karg, David Megson

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The legal admissibility of scientific tools, such as dendrochemistry providing forensic evidence for criminal or civil cases, critically relies on the quality of fundamental and applied scientific research. the "Daubert" and "Frye" criteria that federal courts in the U.S.A use for determining legal admissibility requires publication of the scientific basis for the tool, and general acceptance by the scientific community. the field of dendroforensics is rapidly evolving, with new methods constantly being developed. in this manuscript we investigate how this dendrochemical evidence has been used successfully in the courtroom. the study of tree rings using physical anatomical and dendrochronological methods …

Assessing The Predictive Capability Of The Nno Ballistic Limit Equation For Low-Density Projectile Impact, William P. Schonberg

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The design of nearly all Earth-orbiting spacecraft includes some sort of added shielding that protects the spacecraft against impacts by meteoroids and orbital debris. The effectiveness of the shielding is typically assessed using ballistic limit equations (BLEs) that are developed using data from high-speed impact tests on key spacecraft components and elements. These equations predict whether or not a particular system or structural element will sustain a critical failure following a specific impact event. As such, they are essential components of spacecraft system design as well as any quantitative spacecraft risk assessments that may need to be performed as part …

Measurement Of Volumetric Deformation, Strain Localization, And Shear Band Characterization During Triaxial Testing Using A Photogrammetry-Based Method, Sara Fayek, Xiong Zhang, Xiaolong Xia, Qingqing Fu, Jeffrey D. Cawlfield

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Triaxial Testing Has Been Routinely Used as a Standard Laboratory Test that Allows Correct Determination of Soil Characteristics. Previously the Volumetric Strain of the Triaxial Specimen Was Considered to Be Uniformly Distributed Along with the Specimen during the Isotropic and Deviatoric Loading. Although This Assumption Might Hold True under Isotropic Loading, the Effects of Restrained Ends and Disturbance during the Procedures of Specimen Installation and Testing Can Cause Nonuniform Strains throughout the Whole Specimen. This Paper Investigates the Effects of Specimen Preparation and Misalignment on the Strain Uniformity Along with the Soil Specimen during Triaxial Testing. a Series of Consolidated …

An Extended Generalized Average Modeling Framework For Power Converters, Kartikeya Jayadurga Prasad Veeramraju, Jacob A. Mueller, Jonathan W. Kimball

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Generalized Averaged Modeling (GAM) technique is traditionally employed to capture the dynamic performance of power electronic converters. This paper proposes an improved version of it, named the Extended-GAM (EGAM) technique, which supports the multiplication of two Double Fourier Series (DFS) signals in the time domain. Multiplication of DFS signals in the time domain translates to the 2D-convolution of coefficients of the DFS terms of their equivalent Discrete Fourier Image (DFI) representations. Thus, the proposed EGAM technique, capable of capturing many harmonics present in the output of a power converter, effectively captures the dynamic behavior of power converters excited by …

A Methodology For Predicting Improved Dipole Source Configurations From Near-Field Scan Data, Hossein Rezaei, Xin Yan, David J. Pommerenke, Daryl G. Beetner

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Equivalent sources found from near-electric and magnetic field scans are often used to predict and solve interference problems. While there are many ways to represent the source, the user lacks the ability to determine which of the many possible source configurations is more likely to represent the "true" source, and thus accurately represent field data outside the measurement area and in the presence of typical measurement errors. A methodology is proposed for estimating which of many possible dipole source representations of near-field scan data are likely to give better estimates of fields outside the measurement scan plane when utilizing imperfect …

Wideband Inverse Matrix For Radiated Two-Stage Mimo Measurements, Jun Li, Bin Lin, Yihong Qi, James L. Drewniak, Jiang Zhu, Daryl G. Beetner

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology is one of the significant components in the growing fifth-generation (5G) communication systems. The 5G system has expanded its frequency range and widened the bandwidth to achieve higher throughput rates and more stable wireless qualities, which brings new challenges to the over-the-air (OTA) MIMO evaluations. The wide bandwidth introduces systematic uncertainties into the MIMO measurement because of the increased amplitude and phase variation issues under different frequencies in the wideband signals, and it could lead to invalid MIMO throughput measurement results when severe. The effect on antenna isolation resulting from amplitude and phase variation in …

Chemical Classification By Monitoring Liquid Evaporation Using Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometer With Microwave Photonics, Abhishek Prakash Hungund, Bohong Zhang, Anand Nambisan, Wassana Naku, Rex E. Gerald, Jie Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Identification of liquids is essential in chemical analysis, safety, environmental protection, quality control, and research. A novel liquid identification system based on Microwave Photonics (MWP) measured time transient evaporation signals is investigated. An extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometer (EFPI) based optical probe using single-mode fiber (SMF) is proposed to monitor evaporation of different liquids. The MWP system is used to measure the optical path changes during liquid evaporation due to its high sensitivity, selectivity, and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). The measured S21 continuous wave (CW) time Magnitude and Phase signals were processed to extract features such as histogram and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) …

Filter-Based Fault Detection And Isolation In Distributed Parameter Systems Modeled By Parabolic Partial Differential Equations, Hasan Ferdowsi, Jia Cai, Sarangapani Jagannathan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper covers model-based fault detection and isolation for linear and nonlinear distributed parameter systems (DPS). The first part mainly deals with actuator, sensor and state fault detection and isolation for a class of DPS represented by a set of coupled linear partial differential equations (PDE). A filter based observer is designed based on the linear PDE representation using which a detection residual is generated. A fault is detected when the magnitude of the detection residual exceeds a detection threshold. Upon detection, several isolation estimators are designed using filters whose output residuals are compared with predefined isolation thresholds. A fault …