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Articles 1741 - 1770 of 54542
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Evaluation Of Soybean (Glycine Max L.) Seed Inoculation With Bradyrhizobium Japonicum And Bacillus Subtilis On Yield And Root System Architecture: A Herbicide Carryover Perspective, Ncomiwe Andile Maphalala
Evaluation Of Soybean (Glycine Max L.) Seed Inoculation With Bradyrhizobium Japonicum And Bacillus Subtilis On Yield And Root System Architecture: A Herbicide Carryover Perspective, Ncomiwe Andile Maphalala
Theses and Dissertations
Reducing herbicide carryover in soybean production is imperative to sustain future soybean cropping systems in Mississippi and the rest of the world. This research was conducted to determine the response of inoculated soybean to corn (Zea mays L.) residual herbicides. The herbicide treatments included aatrex (atrazine), callisto (mesotrione), lexar (atrazine+mesotrione+s-metolachlor), and steadfast (nicosulfuron+rimsulfuron) at 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of the total label rate. Inoculant treatments were Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Bacillus subtilis, and no inoculant. Bacterial inoculants positively impacted most shoot and root growth parameters, significantly increasing depending on the herbicide x inoculant treatment combination and its rate. B.japonicum alone and …
Comparative Analysis Of Conventional And Non-Conventional Current Transformers: Advancements, Applications, And Implications For Modern Power Systems, Phalguni Morla
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis, titled "Comparative Analysis of Conventional and Non-Conventional Current Transformers: Advancements, Applications, and Implications for Modern Power Systems," examines the performance and challenges of conventional and non-conventional current transformers (CTs). Conventional CTs, while reliable in traditional power systems, face issues like core saturation, mechanical stress, and environmental limitations, making them less suited for modern, dynamic systems. Non-conventional CTs, such as optical and Rogowski coil-based transformers, offer higher accuracy and better adaptability, especially in digital applications like smart grids. Through experiments, the study compares the thermal performance, accuracy, and load-handling abilities of both CT types. Results show that while conventional …
Analysis Of Cortical Evoked Auditory Response Detection In Adults Using Machine Learning, Pranavi Beerelli
Analysis Of Cortical Evoked Auditory Response Detection In Adults Using Machine Learning, Pranavi Beerelli
Theses and Dissertations
This study focuses on the use of machine learning (ML) techniques to automate the detection of Cortical Evoked Auditory Responses (CEARs), which are key in understanding how the auditory cortex processes sound stimuli. Traditionally, analyzing these auditory responses has relied on manual interpretation by audiologists, a process that can introduce variability and human error, particularly in complex cases. To address this challenge, the research utilizes advanced deep learning models, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) architectures, to analyze Electroencephalography (EEG) data and classify the presence or absence of auditory responses automatically. …
Serving Students With Specific Learning Disabilities: Identifying Prevalent Eligibility Practices In Mississippi, Phyllis Marie Yucatonis
Serving Students With Specific Learning Disabilities: Identifying Prevalent Eligibility Practices In Mississippi, Phyllis Marie Yucatonis
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated the determination eligibility practices for Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) within Mississippi school districts, framed by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 2004 (IDEA) and Mississippi Department of Education (MDE) guidelines. A survey of 139 educational professionals in Mississippi offered insights into the methods preferred for determining SLD eligibility and the decision-making factors at the district level. The study examined commonly used methods for determining SLD, the challenges faced during the process, the need for professional development, the impact of educator demographics on SLD determination eligibility and general satisfaction with the SLD eligibility determination process. It also explored …
Evaluation Of The Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Hardwoods And Softwood Cross Laminated Timber, Richard Olakunle Omotayo
Evaluation Of The Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Hardwoods And Softwood Cross Laminated Timber, Richard Olakunle Omotayo
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis is focused on the evaluation of cross laminated timber made from southern pine lumber and low-grade hardwood species (which included red oak, sweetgum, and yellow poplar) growing in the southeastern part of the United States. The properties of interest were density, modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) and dynamic modulus of elasticity (dMOE). Mechanical testing using static bending technique was used to determine MOE and MOR and non-destructive technique (NDT) was used to predict dMOE. The results from mechanical testing showed that over 98% of low-grade hardwood CLT samples exceeded 8300 MPa. This proved the suitability …
Investigations Of Guayule Resin As A Wood Protectant, Queen Aguma
Investigations Of Guayule Resin As A Wood Protectant, Queen Aguma
Theses and Dissertations
Wood products are subject to deterioration by numerous processes, as a biological material. Today, a significant area of preservative development is the utilization of existing plant residues that have water-repelling, antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal properties as components of wood protectants. Parthenium argentatum, known as guayule (wy-oo-lee), is a promising wood protectant due to its resin. However, the resin's complicated chemical, physical, and solvent-resistant properties make it difficult to use. The primary goal of this study was to eliminate the use of any solvent and rely on thermal modification only to fractionate usable compounds from guayule resin. Utilizing heated dialysis and …
Deep Learning - Based Automated Detection And Classification Of Foreign Materials In Poultry Using Color And Hyperspectral Imaging, Rohini Maram
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores the use of Deep learning for detection and classification of small foreign materials (FMs) in poultry meat using color and hyperspectral imagery (HSI). The study employs You only look once (YOLO) object detection models on color images for precise localization, and one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN), two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2D CNN) was used on HSI (600 – 1700 nm) for classification. Twelve different FMs commonly known as polymers including PVC, PET, LDPE and HDPE, were examined using 52 color and 52 hyperspectral images. Four YOLO models (v5x, v7x, v8x, v10x) were implemented, trained, tested and …
Survival Analysis In The Presence Of Independent Or Dependent Censoring, Sakie Jaladha Arachchige
Survival Analysis In The Presence Of Independent Or Dependent Censoring, Sakie Jaladha Arachchige
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation has three parts. The first part proposes a two-stage estimation procedure for a copula-based model with semi-competing risks data, where the nonterminal event is subject to dependent censoring by the terminal event. Under a copula-based model, the marginal survival functions of individual event times are specified by semiparametric transformation models, and a parametric copula function specifies the between-event dependence. The parameters associated with the marginal of the terminal event are first estimated, and the marginal parameters for the non-terminal event time and the copula parameter are second estimated via maximizing a pseudo-likelihood function based on the joint distribution …
Innovative Methyl Bromide Alternatives: Efficacy Of Acetic Acid Coated Ham Nets And Carboxymethyl Cellulose Films In Inhibiting Mite Infestations On Dry-Cured Ham, Sawyer Wyatt Smith
Innovative Methyl Bromide Alternatives: Efficacy Of Acetic Acid Coated Ham Nets And Carboxymethyl Cellulose Films In Inhibiting Mite Infestations On Dry-Cured Ham, Sawyer Wyatt Smith
Theses and Dissertations
Dry-cured hams may become infested with Tyrophagus putrescentiae (ham mites) during the aging process. Traditionally, methyl bromide (MB) fumigation has been used to control these infestations, but its phase-out due to environmental concerns has prompted the need for alternative methods. This study evaluated the effectiveness of acetic acid-coated ham nets and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based edible films with propylene glycol (PG) in mitigating mite infestations. Laboratory trials assessed the impact of these treatments on mite orientation, reproduction, infestation rates, and sensory quality. Results indicate that CMC films were effective at controlling mite growth and reproduction with minimal sensory impact. In contrast, …
On Topological Measures And Network Vulnerability Patterns: A Review And Comparative Analysis, Saviz Saei
On Topological Measures And Network Vulnerability Patterns: A Review And Comparative Analysis, Saviz Saei
Theses and Dissertations
Despite much hope for climate change to slow down or even reverse, younger generations face a future overshadowed by extreme events. The indisputable reality is that unless the United Nations establishes comprehensive and sustained climate justice policies, children today will experience five times more extreme events than those that took place a century ago. On Monday, July 3rd of 2023, an unprecedented peak in global temperatures was documented, marking the highest global temperature ever recorded, as the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction reported. These increasing temperatures indicate the ongoing and intensifying phenomenon of climate change, which amplifies the frequency …
Evaluation And Characterization Of Two Capacitive Sensors For Cotton Moisture Measurement In Static And Dynamic Modes For Real-Time Use In Cotton Gin, Sushma Perati
Theses and Dissertations
Two capacitive sensors, a commercial FP-32C and a custom design capacitor plate were evaluated for real-time cotton moisture content (MC%) measurement in ginning environment. The sensors were able to measure MC ranges of 3.56%–19.7% and 4.56%–21.04% MC for FP-32C and custom capacitor pate, respectively. In dynamic mode, the ranges were 4.9%–14.5% and 4.9%–14.7% respectively. Results showed that measurements of both sensors had strong correlations with results obtained from oven method. A comparison of moisture content measurement methods using a moisture balance (M5 Thermo 163M,) and oven method was conducted with the result showing that Lint-Only samples were the most closely …
The Legal Environment Associated With Disputes From Conservation Easements On Private Property In The United States Of America, Thera J. Mullen
The Legal Environment Associated With Disputes From Conservation Easements On Private Property In The United States Of America, Thera J. Mullen
Theses and Dissertations
Conservation of natural resources on private land helps protect property against increasing civilization needs. Integrating conservation with property rights is necessary to understand conservation easements' implications as legally binding agreements. Conservation easements, used by different agencies, allow the land to remain privately owned while protecting natural conservation qualities. The legal aspects involve both creating the contract and enforcing it. Litigation becomes involved when the parties of the easement start to have disagreements. Little literature is currently present on this topic, so this study analyzed and summarized legal disputes related to conservation easements being implemented on private property. Some potential implications …
Improved Vector Pruning For Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes, Thomas Jonathan Bowman
Improved Vector Pruning For Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes, Thomas Jonathan Bowman
Theses and Dissertations
Exact dynamic programming algorithms for planning problems that are represented as partially observable Markov decision processes rely on a subroutine that removes, or ``prunes", dominated vectors from sets of vectors that represent piecewise-linear and convex value functions. The classic vector pruning subroutine solves one linear program per vector, where the number of variables is equal to the size of the state space and the number of constraints is equal to the number of vectors shown so far to be undominated. Thus, its scalability is limited not only by the number of linear programs it solves, but especially by their size. …
Using Additive Manufacturing To Characterize Effects Of Sparse Infill Density And Sparse Infill Pattern On The Compressive Properties Of Short Strand Carbon Fiber Infused Petg, Luke C. Salisbury
Honors Theses
The advent of additive manufacturing has revolutionized the prototyping, design, and manufacturing of new and innovative products. Through the use of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), parts can be manufactured using different sparse infill percentages (the percentage of void space within a printed object) and sparse infill patterns (the lattice structure of material within the object). Through the manipulation of these variables, the same material and part can have different compressive and flexural properties. In addition to sparse infill, the thermoplastics used in fused deposition modeling can be reinforced with carbon fiber strands to create a printable composite material capable of …
The Relations Between The Financial Wellbeing Of Custodial Grandparents, Their Overall Wellbeing, And Their Perceived Social Support, Paige L. Miller
The Relations Between The Financial Wellbeing Of Custodial Grandparents, Their Overall Wellbeing, And Their Perceived Social Support, Paige L. Miller
Honors Theses
There have been numerous studies on how the financial wellbeing of custodial grandparents affects their overall wellbeing, and how the amount of social support custodial grandparents receive impacts their depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, little is known regarding the ways in which all three variables are related – financial wellbeing, overall wellbeing, and social support – or their impact on custodial grandparents. We examined the relations between these variables, as well as the moderating relation of financial wellbeing on social support and wellbeing. The data used in the current study was collected as part of a larger project, during which …
Parenting Practices And Attachment Levels In Relation To Externalizing Behaviors In Children Raised By Nonparental Caregivers, Kourtney Mia Barfield
Parenting Practices And Attachment Levels In Relation To Externalizing Behaviors In Children Raised By Nonparental Caregivers, Kourtney Mia Barfield
Honors Theses
Current literature supports parenting practices and the quality of child-caregiver attachments are correlated with child externalizing behavior. However, these results typically come from samples of biological parents and their children. It is unknown if parenting practices (i.e. poor supervision, inconsistent discipline, and positive parenting) predict attachment and externalizing behavior among children of grandparents and foster parents. Previous studies have also found
that attachment mediates the relation between parenting practices and externalizing behavior among children raised by biological parents. This study aims to determine if similar relations will be found among grandchildren and foster children and if the level of attachment …
Roquea, A New Genus Of Lychnophorinae (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) From Brazil And Its Phylogenetic Placement, Benoit Loeuille, Roberto Baptista Pereira Almeida, Carolina Moriani Siniscalchi, Makeli G. Lusa, Guilherme Medeiros Antar
Roquea, A New Genus Of Lychnophorinae (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) From Brazil And Its Phylogenetic Placement, Benoit Loeuille, Roberto Baptista Pereira Almeida, Carolina Moriani Siniscalchi, Makeli G. Lusa, Guilherme Medeiros Antar
UL Publications
Lychnophorinae (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) consists of 21 genera and approximately 150 species, primarily distributed in the Brazilian Central Plateau, with several novelties recently described. With new botanical expeditions conducted in Serra da Formosa, state of Minas Gerais, a set of collections that belong to Lychnophorinae but were not easily assigned to a genus was discovered. After morphological and anatomical analyses and phylogenetic studies, we describe and illustrate Roquea, a new genus of Asteraceae from Brazil, to accommodate the new species Roquea multiserialis. Affinities of the new genus with other genera of Lychnophorinae are discussed along with a preliminary conservation …
Sir Nicholas: Chivalric Tropes And Dickens's Critique Of The Aristocracy In Nicholas Nickleby, Erin Quinn
Sir Nicholas: Chivalric Tropes And Dickens's Critique Of The Aristocracy In Nicholas Nickleby, Erin Quinn
Honors Theses
One of the most prominent themes in Charles Dickens’s 1838-39 novel Nicholas Nickleby is the theme of class. In particular, Dickens highlights the tension between the middle and upper classes through the contrast between the middle-class titular protagonist and the novel’s two aristocrats, Sir Mulberry Hawk and Lord Frederick Verisopht. In this thesis, I argue that Dickens foregrounds this contrast through his consistent deployment of tropes of chivalry and knighthood to describe Nicholas and his friends despite their middle-class status. I analyze the application of chivalric language, concepts, and characteristics to the actions and attitudes of the middle-class characters and …
Rehumanizing Mathematics Through Multimodal Microanalysis, Liza Bondurant, Jonathan Troup, Claudia Bertolone-Sith, Diana Moss, Hortensia Soto
Rehumanizing Mathematics Through Multimodal Microanalysis, Liza Bondurant, Jonathan Troup, Claudia Bertolone-Sith, Diana Moss, Hortensia Soto
CoE Publications
We, five math teacher educators (MTEs), share how multimodal microanalysis has the potential to contribute to rehumanizing mathematics education by expanding what counts as evidence of students’ knowings. We define multimodal microanalysis as the detailed examination and interpretation of minute interactions between various sensory modalities and mathematical representations at a granular level. Using mathematics cognitive interview videos, we share our research design and analysis processes and discuss how multimodal microanalysis can contribute to rehumanizing mathematics teaching and learning.
How Do You Rock?, Robert J. Damm
How Do You Rock?, Robert J. Damm
CoE Publications
This article discusses Dave Holland’s children’s book, The Llama Who Rocks in Her Polka Dot Socks, which serves as a resource for drum circle facilitators and educators. In an interview, Holland explains that the book introduces the concept of drum circle facilitation and emphasizes making responsible choices, inspired by his experiences with his daughter. The book is designed to engage young readers and can be used by elementary teachers to promote life skills, compassion, and inclusion through various activities, such as creating rhythms and organizing drum circles. It also supports social-emotional learning by encouraging children to express themselves and appreciate …
Broadband Access And Digital Skills Case Studies Project, Lionel J. Beaulieu, Anna M. Kleiner, Roseanne Scammahorn, John J. Green
Broadband Access And Digital Skills Case Studies Project, Lionel J. Beaulieu, Anna M. Kleiner, Roseanne Scammahorn, John J. Green
Digital Access
No abstract provided.
Predicting Agricultural Sciences Students’ Media Literacy In A Post-Truth Era, Abigail Durheim, Kasey Harmon, Taylor Ruth, Cara Lawson
Predicting Agricultural Sciences Students’ Media Literacy In A Post-Truth Era, Abigail Durheim, Kasey Harmon, Taylor Ruth, Cara Lawson
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
As more individuals turn to various forms of online media to seek information, misinformation and skepticism are on the rise when considering news media. Media literacy, or how individuals evaluate information they see in the news media, is critical to addressing this growing problem. This study aimed to explore the predictors of agricultural sciences students’ perceived news media literacy to gather preliminary data around this topic. Through an online survey, students enrolled in an agricultural communication class at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln completed a literacy reflection assignment. Students were asked to answer questions about their news media use, perceived media …
Exploring Diet Quality, Food Insecurity, And Health Status Among Utah Residents, Palak Gupta, Lendel Narine
Exploring Diet Quality, Food Insecurity, And Health Status Among Utah Residents, Palak Gupta, Lendel Narine
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
A lower-quality diet is a significant contributor to preventable mortality worldwide. This study investigated the intricate relationships between diet quality, food insecurity, and health status among residents in Utah. Using a cross-sectional survey design with a sample size of 1,522 participants, data were collected through an online survey focusing on household characteristics, diet quality, health status, and food security. The primary exposure, household food insecurity, was assessed using a validated 6-item scale, while diet quality was measured through a modified Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants– Shortened Version (REAP-S). The findings revealed an association between very low food security and poor …
Personal Protective Equipment For Minoritized U.S. Agricultural Farmworkers: Community-Based Efforts During The Pandemic & Implications For Extension, Helen Trejo
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
There are an estimated 2 million farmworkers who are essential to the food system in the United States; however, they are exposed to hazardous environmental conditions with limited access and/or use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The primary purpose of this research is to evaluate community-based organizational efforts to provide farmworkers with apparel-textile basic needs, such as face masks. A primary goal is to address the research gap regarding common environmental factors that impact farmworkers, including pesticides and the pandemic, their use of available PPE, and community-based efforts to improve access to face masks as basic PPE. We consider the …
Extension Partnerships For Innovative Programming: A Community-Based Training On Artificial Intelligence For Workforce Development, Paul A. Hill, Lendel K. Narine, Jordan L. Rushton, Clint J. Reid
Extension Partnerships For Innovative Programming: A Community-Based Training On Artificial Intelligence For Workforce Development, Paul A. Hill, Lendel K. Narine, Jordan L. Rushton, Clint J. Reid
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
The AI Training Series was Washington County, Utah’s first community education offering on the topic of generative AI (GenAI). The training provided community members with an overview of the capabilities and advantages of GenAI and assisted them in making informed technology adoption decisions. Utah State University Extension partnered with Dixie Technical College and Zonos, a software company, to evaluate the effectiveness of the learning experience based on anticipated outcomes. Results showed the training was effective for disseminating information and advancing knowledge on the topic of GenAI. However, students’ intentions to adopt AI were lower than expected due to perceived barriers …
Using The Perspectives Of Kentucky Family And Consumer Sciences Extension Agents To Develop A Sustainable Eating Curriculum, Lindley Barker, Heather Norman-Burgdolf, Annie Koempel, Katie Pickford, Tammy Stephenson, Dawn Brewer
Using The Perspectives Of Kentucky Family And Consumer Sciences Extension Agents To Develop A Sustainable Eating Curriculum, Lindley Barker, Heather Norman-Burgdolf, Annie Koempel, Katie Pickford, Tammy Stephenson, Dawn Brewer
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
Sustainable eating may benefit both the environment and human health. Currently, no Extension programs addressing healthy and sustainable eating are available that target adults in communities. Since sustainable eating is a sensitive topic, this project engaged Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) Extension agents in Kentucky, to garner their community expertise and perspectives on sustainable eating to help develop an appropriate Extension curriculum. By following the Curriculum Development Process for Cooperative Extension Programming model, we involved FCS agents in developing and reviewing a sustainable eating curriculum. The proposed curriculum included content that reflected sustainable eating principles of reducing overconsumption of foods, …
Exploring The Role Of Mass Media In Enhancing Farmer-To-Farmer Extension Activities In Bosomtwe District, Ghana, Anthony Kwame Appiah, Enoch Kwame Tham-Agyekum, Fred Nimoh, John-Eudes Andivi Bakang, Fred Ankuyi
Exploring The Role Of Mass Media In Enhancing Farmer-To-Farmer Extension Activities In Bosomtwe District, Ghana, Anthony Kwame Appiah, Enoch Kwame Tham-Agyekum, Fred Nimoh, John-Eudes Andivi Bakang, Fred Ankuyi
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
Farmer-to-farmer extension has always existed among farmers. It helps to strengthen information flow, reduce extension costs, and empower farmers playing a crucial role in enhancing their livelihoods. Currently, scanty information exists on the role of mass media in enhancing farmer-farmer extension activities. It is against this background that this study was carried out. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data from 400 farmers who were selected using the multi-stage sampling technique. The results show that, compared to newspapers, books, TV, radio, computers, and social media, the mobile phone is the most accessible and most used mass media tool …
What’S The Beef? Current Trends Of The Florida Beef Cattle Industry As Perceived By Florida Beef Cattle Industry Leaders, Micah Gallagher, Matt Benge, Lauri Baker
What’S The Beef? Current Trends Of The Florida Beef Cattle Industry As Perceived By Florida Beef Cattle Industry Leaders, Micah Gallagher, Matt Benge, Lauri Baker
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
Agriculture plays a vital role in Florida’s economy, as it is the second largest industry behind tourism. Additionally, Florida is a leading cow-calf production state in the United States which is impacted by numerous factors internal and external to the industry itself. The Theory of Reasoned Action was used to explore current trends of the Florida beef cattle industry as perceived by Florida cattle industry leaders. Thirteen themes emerged from the data, such as environmental protection and alternative proteins. Florida ranchers need support from government entities to continue participation in conservation, education, and improvement of the cattle industry in Florida. …
Implementing Youth Mental Health First Aid Training In Cooperative Extension Programs, Anne Marie Iaccopucci, Monica M. Lobenstein, Kendra M. Lewis, Kea Norrell-Aitch
Implementing Youth Mental Health First Aid Training In Cooperative Extension Programs, Anne Marie Iaccopucci, Monica M. Lobenstein, Kendra M. Lewis, Kea Norrell-Aitch
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
Mental health challenges for youth continue to be a growing concern. Youth- serving organizations have the potential to play a significant role in recognizing the signs and symptoms of mental health challenges in youth. The Youth Mental Health First Aid (YMHFA) training course is widely used to equip adults working with youth with skills to support mental health and de-escalate crisis situations. Cooperative Extension is a trusted organization in many local communities nationwide that delivers YMHFA. Program Leaders from 11 states, representing all five regions of Cooperative Extension, describe their successes and challenges in implementing YMHFA. Experienced program leaders suggest …
An Evaluation Of Health Rocks! With A Control Group, Dan Wang, Yunqi Wang, Maria R. De Guzman, Yan R. Xia, Kieu-Anh T. Do, Zhenqiao Yang
An Evaluation Of Health Rocks! With A Control Group, Dan Wang, Yunqi Wang, Maria R. De Guzman, Yan R. Xia, Kieu-Anh T. Do, Zhenqiao Yang
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
Youth substance use challenges their health and well-being. There is research and practical need for rigorous evaluation of substance use prevention programs in prompting positive youth development. This study examined the program effectiveness of Health Rocks!, a youth substance use prevention program, with a quasi-experimental two-factor mixed evaluation design. We gathered data from 584 participants (i.e., 475 youth in the treatment group and 109 youth in the control group) and conducted paired-sample t-tests for each group to compare youth substance use-related outcomes before and after the training. Results showed that youth in the treatment group reported significant increases in substance …