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Articles 31 - 60 of 76
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Chloroplast Development And Cytokinin And Gibberellin Effects On Ivy Geranium Under Heat Stress, Callie J. Morris
Chloroplast Development And Cytokinin And Gibberellin Effects On Ivy Geranium Under Heat Stress, Callie J. Morris
Theses and Dissertations
Developing foliar growth of ivy geraniums (Pelargonium peltatum) bleaches white after exposure to temperatures greater than 30°C. This study investigated chloroplast development in ivy geraniums under heat stress comparing a heat sensitive cultivar, Temprano™ Lavender, and a heat tolerant cultivar, Contessa™ Red. Using transmission electron microscopy and spectrophotometry, foliar bleaching under heat stress was found to be due to an absence of developed chloroplasts within the bleached new growth accompanied by lower chlorophyll content. To determine whether heat stress related foliar bleaching could be prevented, cytokinin and gibberellins were applied in combination, at different rates before, during or after a …
Beta Diversity Provides Evidence Of Niche Based Assembly In Temperate Forest Understory Assemblages Of Mississippi, David Steven Mason
Beta Diversity Provides Evidence Of Niche Based Assembly In Temperate Forest Understory Assemblages Of Mississippi, David Steven Mason
Theses and Dissertations
Assembly is a process that shapes the abundance and identity of species in a community. Niche and neutral theory explain assembly processes with mechanisms driven by either species differences, or functional equivalence and stochastic dispersal. In 2017 I sampled vegetation and environmental variables at 59 sites in the Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge and Tombigbee National Forest of Mississippi to explore forest understory community assembly. I developed and assessed a framework of predictions concerning general patterns and underlying mechanism. Evidence of dispersal limitation and functional equivalence were expected under neutral theory. Local environmental characteristics, surrounding landscape variables, and fire were significant …
Using Geospatial Techniques To Assess Responses Of Black Bear Populations To Anthropogenically Modified Landscapes: Conflict & Recolonization, Jamie Elizabeth Mcfadden
Using Geospatial Techniques To Assess Responses Of Black Bear Populations To Anthropogenically Modified Landscapes: Conflict & Recolonization, Jamie Elizabeth Mcfadden
Theses and Dissertations
The convergence of three young scientific disciplines (ecology, geospatial sciences, and remote sensing) has generated unique advancements in wildlife research by connecting ecological data with remote sensing data through the application of geospatial techniques. Ecological datasets may contain spatial and sampling biases. By using geospatial techniques, datasets may be useful in revealing landscape scale (e.g., statewide) trends for wildlife populations, such as population recovery and human-wildlife interactions. Specifically, black bear populations across North America vary greatly in their degree of distribution stability. The black bear population in Michigan may be considered stable or secure, whereas the population in Missouri is …
Characterizing Spatial And Temporal Changes And Driving Factors Of Groundwater And Surface-Water Interactions Within The Mississippi Portion Of The Mississippi Alluvial Plain, Courtney Killian
Theses and Dissertations
The Mississippi Alluvial Plain, a robust agricultural region in the South-Central United States, provides commodities across the United States and around the world. Water for irrigation, which is necessary due to irregular rainfall patterns during the growing season, is withdrawn largely from the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial aquifer, one of the most intensely used aquifers in the United States. The groundwater-dependent region has observed recent declines in groundwater and streamflow levels, raising concerns about the availability and use of fresh-water resources. Declining water levels have prompted investigation into the current understanding of groundwater and surface-water interaction. Previous research does not …
The Effects Of Common Forest Management Practices On Community Structure In A Southern Pine Forest, Donald Paul Chance
The Effects Of Common Forest Management Practices On Community Structure In A Southern Pine Forest, Donald Paul Chance
Theses and Dissertations
Planted pine (Pinus spp.) comprises nearly 10% of the total land cover in the state of Mississippi. Often, understory structure is limited in this system. Thus, managers use a variety of management practices to improve understory biomass and structure. I assessed the impacts of common forest management practices (canopy reduction, prescribed fire, and selective herbicide application) and their combined effects on aspects of community structure. More specifically, I assessed impacts of disturbance intensity on non-native plant invasions, and evaluated how microscale vegetation characteristics influenced use by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and wild turkey (Mealagris gallopavo). Combining canopy reductions with prescribed …
Culture Techniques And Evaluation Of Snail Consumption By Black Buffalo Ictiobus Niger, Emmet Liam Guy
Culture Techniques And Evaluation Of Snail Consumption By Black Buffalo Ictiobus Niger, Emmet Liam Guy
Theses and Dissertations
Black Buffalo Ictiobus niger are a catostomid species native to the Mississippi River Basin with declining populations. Aquaculture is a common component of recovery plans, however little information is published on catostomid culture methods. This study developed culture techniques for Black Buffalo including tank acclimation, induced spawning, larval rearing, and protein requirements. Fish needed a lengthy acclimation (> 2 months) to reduce signs of stress. After, an induced-spawning protocol was described with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue. Swim-up fry did not readily consume zooplankton at first feeding but began selecting for cladocerans one week after stocked in a rearing pond. The juvenile …
Estimating Feral Swine Abundance And Their Effects On Native Wildlife In The Mississippi Alluvial Valley, Matthew Ryan Ivey
Estimating Feral Swine Abundance And Their Effects On Native Wildlife In The Mississippi Alluvial Valley, Matthew Ryan Ivey
Theses and Dissertations
Feral swine (Sus scrofa) are an invasive species in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). They cause millions in damage annually to agriculture, and likely negatively affect native wildlife species. Using camera traps, I monitored 36 forest patches within the MAV to assess the effects of swine invasions on native wildlife species richness. I also modified the double-observer point count technique into a new method for estimating swine abundance with camera traps. Feral swine suppressed native vertebrate richness by 26% when compared to uninvaded patches. I validated the new double-observer technique by determining if it could detect an abundance-area relationship in …
Application Of Non-Targeted Volatile Metabolomics In Plant Pathology, Jinyan She
Application Of Non-Targeted Volatile Metabolomics In Plant Pathology, Jinyan She
Theses and Dissertations
Our study focuses on the application of volatile metabolomics and chemometrics in plant pathology. Specifically, volatile metabolites or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the American chestnut tree (Castanea dentata) and its pathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica have been investigated. The American chestnut was once a dominant tree species in the eastern forests of the United States. However, it was nearly devastated by the fungal pathogen C. parasitica. The loss of this tree species has significantly impacted the ecosystem. Therefore, preservation and restoration of American chestnut are crucial. Chapter one provides an overview of mass spectrometry based volatile metabolomics and their implementation …
Advancing Our Understanding Of The Edwardsiella, Stephen Ralph Reichley
Advancing Our Understanding Of The Edwardsiella, Stephen Ralph Reichley
Theses and Dissertations
Diseases caused by Edwardsiella spp. are responsible for significant losses in wild and cultured fishes around the world. Historically, Edwardsiella tarda has been considered the most phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous member of the genus. Investigations into intraspecific variability of E. tarda demonstrated isolates previously classified as E. tarda actually represent three genetically distinct yet phenotypically ambiguous groups, leading to the adoption of E. piscicida and E. anguillarum as discrete taxa. Current genomic investigations have demonstrated significant differences between these organisms. To this end, real-time quantitative PCR assays were developed to quickly and accurately detect the pathogens in pond water, fish …
Spatial And Trophic Niche Specialization In Castor Canadensis, Robert Antonio Francis
Spatial And Trophic Niche Specialization In Castor Canadensis, Robert Antonio Francis
Theses and Dissertations
The Hutchinsonian niche is the n dimensional hyper volume that allows for the persistence of a species. Castor canadensis, a large semi-aquatic rodent, is an ecosystem engineer and often a keystone species for many ecosystems. I examined the effect of multiple spatial scales on hierarchical habitat selection byC. canadensis using presence-only modeling techniques. I also determined individual trophic niche specialization in C. canadensis utilizing stable isotope analysis. I concluded that C. canadensis displayed scale independent habitat selection when comparing landscape and fine spatial scales. Individual trophic niche specialization occurred in colonies of the same resource availability. Also, individual trophic niches …
Natural Population Dynamics Of Rock Iguanas In The Bahama Archipelago, Giuliano Colosimo
Natural Population Dynamics Of Rock Iguanas In The Bahama Archipelago, Giuliano Colosimo
Theses and Dissertations
Understanding whether groups of individuals represent a single panmictic gene pool, or multiple genetically structured populations across a species range should aid in predicting whether specific conservation strategies would be more or less effective for species preservation. Further, contrasting the population structures of multiple coexisting taxa could foster an even deeper understanding of evolutionary divergence among demes and potentially even suggest local adaptation in the form of tight coevolutionary relationships. Finally, the analysis of population dynamics within small and isolated populations could improve our understanding of the relative importance that different evolutionary mechanisms have in predicting population persistence in the …
Breeding And Brood Rearing Ecology Of Mottled Ducks In The Ashepoo, Combahee, And Edisto Rivers Basin, South Carolina., Molly Rebecca Kneece
Breeding And Brood Rearing Ecology Of Mottled Ducks In The Ashepoo, Combahee, And Edisto Rivers Basin, South Carolina., Molly Rebecca Kneece
Theses and Dissertations
Mottled ducks (Anas fulvigula) are a non-migratory waterfowl species endemic to the western Gulf Coast, with a separate, genetically distinct subspecies (A. fulvigula fulvigula) occurring in peninsular Florida. Birds from Texas, Louisiana, and Florida were released in coastal South Carolina from 1975-1983, and banding data suggest an expanding population. I monitored 72 mottled duck nests and captured and radio-marked 196 pre-breeding and nesting females between 2010 and 2014 to study breeding ecology of these birds in the Ashepoo, Combahee, Edisto Rivers Basin. Nest success averaged 12% and varied with vegetation height and year. Indicated breeding pair surveys revealed breeding mottled …
Assessment Of Early Successional Arthropod And Breeding Bird Response To Intercropping Switchgrass Within An Intensively Managed Loblolly Pine Forest, Craig Daniel Marshall
Assessment Of Early Successional Arthropod And Breeding Bird Response To Intercropping Switchgrass Within An Intensively Managed Loblolly Pine Forest, Craig Daniel Marshall
Theses and Dissertations
Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations are a common land use of the southeastern United States that have the potential to function as a source of cellulosic biomass for biofuel production. A novel land use practice of intercropping switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) between planted loblolly pines has been developed as a potential method of cellulosic biomass production. I evaluated response of arthropods and breeding birds to intercropping switchgrass within loblolly pine plantations compared to typically managed pine plantations. I detected 13 arthropod orders and 44 breeding bird species during 2014 – 2015. Intercropping switchgrass reduced arthropod diversity and evenness, with richness not …
U.S. Population Change: The Roles Of Amenities And Transportation, Xuan Zhou
U.S. Population Change: The Roles Of Amenities And Transportation, Xuan Zhou
Theses and Dissertations
Studying the spatial distribution and redistribution of population has long been a major concern of demography, because population changes can reflect deep and massive social changes. For decades, the major population change was the moving of people from rural to urban regions. However, with the advancement of transportation and information technology, many new regions have become more attractive to people, such as small and new metropolitan, nonmetropolitan, suburban, and rural areas. Traditional migration and population redistribution studies emphasize economic and social factors. Relatively little attention is paid to how natural amenities and transportation affect changes of population size and net …
Allelopathy In The Non-Native Macrophyte, Myriophyllum Spicatum And Its Influence On Trophic Dynamics In Aquatic Systems, Daniel J. Sullivan
Allelopathy In The Non-Native Macrophyte, Myriophyllum Spicatum And Its Influence On Trophic Dynamics In Aquatic Systems, Daniel J. Sullivan
Theses and Dissertations
Non-native macrophytes structurally impact aquatic assemblages, yet little is known regarding how they influence energy pathways in freshwater ecosystems. Allelopathy in Eurasian watermilfoil- Myriophyllum spicatum has been shown to target basal epiphytic organisms resulting in differences in assemblage structure of colonizing epiphyton between M. spicatum and native M. sibiricum. I conducted a growth chamber experiment to investigate the hypothesis that differences in assemblage structure of colonizing epiphyton between these two macrophytes influence trophic dynamics within aquatic systems. My data suggest M. spicatum produces higher concentrations of allelochemicals, resulting in a more diverse epiphytic assemblage compared to M. sibiricum. This could …
Effects Of Intercropping Switchgrass In Managed Pine Stands On Plant Communities And White-Tailed Deer Forage Production, Bradley Robert Wheat
Effects Of Intercropping Switchgrass In Managed Pine Stands On Plant Communities And White-Tailed Deer Forage Production, Bradley Robert Wheat
Theses and Dissertations
Interest in renewable energy and governmental mandates has motivated land managers to consider cellulosic feedstocks for bioenergy. I investigated plant community response to a system including switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) as a feedstock intercropped with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda). I estimated plant species evenness, richness, and diversity and biomass production, with emphasis on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) forages. I detected 225 species in 2,220 1-m2 quadrats, and 7,495 biomass samples (96.4 kg dry weight) from 960 quadrats. Intercropping reduced plant species diversity, total non-pine tree biomass, and biomass of deer forages during switchgrass establishment. These effects were no longer apparent at …
Modeling Tree Species Distribution And Dynamics Under A Changing Climate, Natural Disturbances, And Harvest Alternatives In The Southern United States, Zhen Sui
Theses and Dissertations
Forests in the southern United States with diverse forest ownership entities are facing threats associated with climate change and natural disturbances. This study represented the relationship between climate and species dominance, predicted future species distribution probability under a changing climate, and projected forest dynamics under ownership-based management regimes. Correlative statistics and mechanistic modeling approaches are implemented. Temporal scale includes the recent past 40 years and the future 60 years; spatial scale downscaled from southern United States to the coastal region of the northern Gulf of Mexico. In the southern United States, dominance of four major pine species experienced shifts from …
Genetic Structure Of Rhizobia Associated With Chamaecrista Fasciulata, Hanna Elizabeth Dorman
Genetic Structure Of Rhizobia Associated With Chamaecrista Fasciulata, Hanna Elizabeth Dorman
Theses and Dissertations
The legume-rhizobia relationship is an important symbiosis. Studies have found variation in specificity and the functionality of symbiotic specificity can vary among plants of the same species and among rhizobia, as well as in concert with geographical variation. Here, we examined the diversity and geographic structure of rhizobia nodulating Chamaecrista fasciculata, which grows throughout the east-central U.S. and is symbiotic with Bradyrhizobium species. We investigated the association of geography and soil variables on rhizobial diversity by sampling plant nodules and soil across Mississippi and evaluated variation in rhizobia housed in different nodules of individual plants. Using nifH and truA, we …
Spatial Genetic Structure Of Hatchlings Of Cyclura Ricordii (Reptilia: Iguanidae) In Pedernales Province, Dominican Republic Is Inconsistent With Natal Philopatry, Rosanna Carrerase De Leon
Spatial Genetic Structure Of Hatchlings Of Cyclura Ricordii (Reptilia: Iguanidae) In Pedernales Province, Dominican Republic Is Inconsistent With Natal Philopatry, Rosanna Carrerase De Leon
Theses and Dissertations
Cyclura ricordii is an endemic iguana from Hispaniola and is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN. The main threats are predation by introduced mammals, habitat destruction and hunting. The present study focused on two nesting areas in Pedernales in the Dominican Republic. The hypothesis tested is that natal philopatry influences dispersal and nest site selection. Monitoring and sampling took place during 2012-2013. Polymorphic markers were used to evaluate whether natal philopatry limits dispersal at multiple spatial scales. Ripley’s K, revealed that nests were significantly clustered. Hierarchical AMOVA revealed that nest site aggregations did not explain a significant portion of …
The "Isolated Find" Concept And Its Consequences In Public Archaeology, Jesse Morton
The "Isolated Find" Concept And Its Consequences In Public Archaeology, Jesse Morton
Theses and Dissertations
The term “isolated find” has frequently been taken as a disposable artifact category in cultural resource management (CRM). Efforts were made to empirically demonstrate the fallacy of this concept and its use, using modified field sampling strategies, the inclusion of fine screen artifact analysis, and statistical analyses. Six sites containing prehistoric occupations on Camp McCain National Guard base in Grenada County, Mississippi were reinvestigated using these methods; their datasets were expanded in terms of site size, density, function, and temporal association, which may change their eligibility status for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Fieldwork and classification based solutions …
Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Of The Big Thicket Region Of Texas, J. G. Hill
Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Of The Big Thicket Region Of Texas, J. G. Hill
Midsouth Entomologist
Based on literature records and recent collections, a list of 65 species of ants in the Big Thicket region of Texas is presented. Three new state records for Texas were documented during this survey including Aphaenogaster miamiana Wheeler, Dolichoderus pustulatus Mayr, and Strumigenys angulata Smith. Nine exotic species of ants were documented in the region with three species (Brachymyrmex patagonicus Mayr, Solenopsis invicta Buren, and Pheidole moerens Wheeler) being pervasive.
Inferred Vs Realized Patterns Of Gene Flow: An Analysis Of Population Structure In The Andros Island Rock Iguana., Giuliano Colosimo, Charles R. Knapp, Lisa E. Wallace, Mark E. Welch
Inferred Vs Realized Patterns Of Gene Flow: An Analysis Of Population Structure In The Andros Island Rock Iguana., Giuliano Colosimo, Charles R. Knapp, Lisa E. Wallace, Mark E. Welch
CAS Publications
Ecological data, the primary source of information on patterns and rates of migration, can be integrated with genetic data to more accurately describe the realized connectivity between geographically isolated demes. In this paper we implement this approach and discuss its implications for managing populations of the endangered Andros Island Rock Iguana, Cyclura cychlura cychlura. This iguana is endemic to Andros, a highly fragmented landmass of large islands and smaller cays. Field observations suggest that geographically isolated demes were panmictic due to high, inferred rates of gene flow. We expand on these observations using 16 polymorphic microsatellites to investigate the genetic …
Expression Of Facultative Den Behavior In Ursidae, Nicholas Lee Fowler
Expression Of Facultative Den Behavior In Ursidae, Nicholas Lee Fowler
Theses and Dissertations
Many ecological and evolutionary processes have been described underlying natural selection but supporting evidence in wild settings is often lacking and our understanding remains incomplete. Using a multi-scale approach, I investigated expression of facultative den behavior (denning) among and within ursid species. Among species, lack of denning behavior was supported by relaxation of selection pressures of seasonal food availability due to realization of two sources of ecological opportunity; colonization of new habitat and adaptation of key innovations. Of denning species, I found evidence of adaptive ecological plasticity in den chronology among and within populations consistent with relaxed selective pressures influencing …
Linking Individual Biological Outcomes To Resource Use, Christopher Ryan Ayers
Linking Individual Biological Outcomes To Resource Use, Christopher Ryan Ayers
Theses and Dissertations
Minimum resource requirements support population persistence; however, ecologists and conservationists often want to identify factors that improve biological outcomes of animals. The population-level approach common in wildlife-resource studies limits our ability to draw inferences about the importance of resources and other factors by failing to link them with individual fitness. Measuring individual-based biological outcomes and resource use helps determine variation in mechanistic relationships between animal fitness and behavior. I suggest using direct metrics of resource use such as food consumption and distance traveled, to avoid errors with estimating resource availability. I summarize these concepts in an analytical framework for modeling …
Self-Identity Of Biracial Children: What Role Do Parents Play?, Patreese D. Ingram, Anil Kumar Chaudhary
Self-Identity Of Biracial Children: What Role Do Parents Play?, Patreese D. Ingram, Anil Kumar Chaudhary
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
One of the fastest growing student groups today is the biracial student population. This study is part of a larger exploratory descriptive study on biracial college students with a focus on the extent to which parents socialized their biracial children in the cultures of both parents while growing up and how these students chose to self-identify. Biracial students at a large, predominantly white, research university in the northeastern United States completed an online survey. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that most students had adopted a “border” identity. The majority of parents …
Full Issue, Volume 2, Number 2, Donna J. Peterson
Full Issue, Volume 2, Number 2, Donna J. Peterson
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
No abstract provided.
Herbicide Safening To Aid In The Establishment Of Three Native Warm Season Grass Species, Jesse Spencer Smith
Herbicide Safening To Aid In The Establishment Of Three Native Warm Season Grass Species, Jesse Spencer Smith
Theses and Dissertations
Difficulties with stand establishment are a major factor limiting further agronomic use of native warm season grasses. One significant cause of stand failure is competition with rapidly growing annual weed species during the early development of the perennial native grass. Broad spectrum preemergent herbicides can provide the needed weed control, but only if tolerance exists in the desired grass. Herbicide safeners, synthetic compounds that protect crops from herbicide injury, applied as seed treatments offer a potential strategy to achieving the needed herbicide tolerance where it does not naturally occur. This study tested the efficacy of five herbicide safeners (benoxacor, fenclorim, …
Floodplain Lake Assessment And Fish Assemblage Dynamics In The Mississippi Alluvial Valley, Caroline Noelle Steiner Andrews
Floodplain Lake Assessment And Fish Assemblage Dynamics In The Mississippi Alluvial Valley, Caroline Noelle Steiner Andrews
Theses and Dissertations
Floodplain lakes in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) provide valuable freshwater resources for states in which they occur. Thirty lakes in portions of Mississippi and Arkansas were surveyed for chlorophyll-a fluorescence and turbidity using handheld meters to determine relationships between chlorophyll-a concentrations and suspended solids. High applicability of handheld meters in the MAV presents economic benefits for monitoring the numerous lakes in the region. Additionally, twelve lakes within Bear Creek watershed, Mississippi were studied to determine how hydrologic connectivity shapes fish communities. Isolated and permanently connected floodplain lakes exhibited characteristically lacustrine and rheophilic fish communities, respectively, diversifying fishery management opportunities. …
Evaluation Of Uncertainty In Hydrodynamic Modeling, Rene Alexander Camacho Rincon
Evaluation Of Uncertainty In Hydrodynamic Modeling, Rene Alexander Camacho Rincon
Theses and Dissertations
Uncertainty analysis in hydrodynamic modeling is useful to identify and report the limitations of a model caused by different sources of error. In the practice, the main sources of errors are divided into model structure errors, errors in the input data due to measurement imprecision among other, and parametric errors resulting from the difficulty of identifying physically representative parameter values valid at the temporal and spatial scale of the models. This investigation identifies, implements, evaluates, and recommends a set of methods for the evaluation of model structure uncertainty, parametric uncertainty, and input data uncertainty in hydrodynamic modeling studies. A comprehensive …
Developing A Systems Method To Assess The Sustainability Of Civil Infrastructure Projects, Mehmet Arslan Boz
Developing A Systems Method To Assess The Sustainability Of Civil Infrastructure Projects, Mehmet Arslan Boz
Theses and Dissertations
Sustainability means providing for the necessities of today without endangering the necessities of tomorrow within the technical, environmental, economic, social/cultural, and individual contexts. The assessment tools available to study the sustainability of the built environment are limited in their approach and lacking in their content due to several reasons: (1) differences amongst the actors within the industry; (2) fragmentation as represented by lack of communication and understanding between the industry and those whom it serves; and (3) regionalism as represented by the disconnection between the construction projects and their host community systems. The narrow focus of the currently available assessment …