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One Tiger, Many Lions: Uneven Adoption Of China's Political And Economic Investment Among Democracies In Sub-Saharan Africa, Tommy Callan

Dissertations

This dissertation examines how unique qualities of democracies in Sub-Saharan Africa and their foreign policy decision making processes affect their ability to exercise state agency. Specifically, democratic qualities affect a state’s receipt of investment from China and how well those investment projects fare once accepted. It is hypothesized that a strong executive branch leads to decreased or inconsistent Chinese investment while a strong legislature may have the opposite effect. A strong executive may also lead to an increased chance of project success while a strong legislature may have the opposite effect. High levels of party contestation may lead to decreased …

Feeling A Little Uneasy: A Comparative Discourse Analysis Of White And Bipoc College Students’ Reflective Writing About Systemic Racism, Brett Russell Coleman, Caitlyn Yantis

Center for Urban Research and Learning: Publications and Other Works

This critical discourse analysis compares the ways in which White and BIPOC college students discuss their experiences of an educational intervention meant to promote better understanding of systemic racism. We analyzed reflective writing produced by 11 White psychology students from a private liberal arts college in the eastern United States and 17 BIPOC students from a Human Services program at a public university in the western United States. White students engaged in whiteness discourse that distanced themselves from the realities of systemic racism and/or relieved the cognitive dissonance associated with the self- and group-image threat related to learning about systemic …

An Inconvenient Truth About ‘Bundling’ Commitment, Engagement, & Embeddedness: Unbundling To Extend Theory On Turnover Motivations And Beyond, Carl Maertz, Clark D. Johnson, Brittney C. Bauer

School of Business: Faculty Publications and Other Works

This paper critiques a research practice that we call “bundling,” which has produced highly popular constructs in the organizational behavior literature, including organizational commitment, employee engagement, and organizational embeddedness. We show how these bundled constructs, using broad labels from common parlance, have produced overlapping meanings, confounded theoretical mechanisms, and imposed limiting “ideal employee” conceptions in the literature, organizations, and ultimately, societal discourse about employees. We argue that “unbundling” these constructs can provide multiple benefits to theory, empirical inquiry, and practical assessment of complex employee motives. As a demonstration, we unbundle the three focal constructs to integrate and clarify their component …

Trajectories Of Self-Management And Independence In Youth With Spina Bifida: Family-Related Predictors Of Growth, Monique Ridosh, William Howard Adams, Colleen F. Bechtel Driscoll, Fabiola Magana, Kathleen J. Sawin, Grayson Holmbeck

Nursing: School of Nursing Faculty Publications and Other Works

The purpose of this study was to assess family-related predictors of self-management trajectories in youth with spina bifida (SB). Participants with SB completed the Adolescent/Young Adult Self-Management and Independence Scale (AMIS II) interview across four time points. Family functioning, family-related stress, and perceived family support were assessed by multiple reporters and multiple methods. Growth in AMIS II total self-management and the AMIS II subscales (Condition and Independent Living) were estimated using linear mixed effect models as a function of family factors, after controlling for socio-demographic, condition-related, and neuropsychological variables that had been found to be significant predictors of self-management in …

The Race-Based Stress Reduction Intervention (Rise) Study On African American Women In Nyc And Chicago: Design And Methods For Complex Genomic Analysis, Jacquelyn Y. Taylor, Alexandria Jones-Patten, Laura Prescott, Stephanie Potts-Thompson, Cara Joyce, Bamidele Tayo, Karen Saban

Biostatistics Collaborative Core: Faculty Publications and Other Works

RiSE study aims to evaluate a race-based stress-reduction intervention as an effective strategy to improve coping and decrease stress-related symptoms, inflammatory burden, and modify DNA methylation of stress response-related genes in older AA women. This article will describe genomic analytic methods to be utilized in this longitudinal, randomized clinical trial of older adult AA women in Chicago and NYC that examines the effect of the RiSE intervention on DNAm pre- and post-intervention, and its overall influence on inflammatory burden. Salivary DNAm will be measured at baseline and 6 months following the intervention, using the Oragene-DNA kit. Measures of perceived stress, …

Instructional Design And Delivery During The Pandemic: Taiwan, I-Ting Chiu, Hui-Ting Wang, Hank Bohanon

Education: School of Education Faculty Publications and Other Works

This volume offers international perspectives on the disproportionate impact COVID-19 has had on disabled students and their families, serving as a call to action for educational systems and education policy to become proactive, rather than reactive, for future disasters. Each chapter in the book is written by authors with lived experiences across diverse global regions, highlighting the daily life of people with disabilities and their families during the pandemic. Including case studies and practical suggestions, the book demonstrates that culturally responsive practices are essential to successfully support people around the world in their times of need. At the critical intersection …

Responsibilization And Retraditionalization: How Neoliberal Logics Reproduce Gender Inequities Among Women Community Organizers In Chicago, Mary L. Dungy, Amy Krings

Social Work: School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Other Works

Neoliberal capitalism creates a “crisis of care” in which social reproduction—though necessary for society—is undermined by stripping away support for caregivers, who are disproportionately women. “Social reproduction” refers to the reproduction and maintenance of the labor force via childbirth, child rearing, and caregiving for loved ones more generally. This interpretive phenomenological study examines how a crisis of care manifests for women in the workplace. Drawing upon in-depth, semistructured interviews with Chicago-based women who work as community organizers, our findings demonstrate that sexism in the workplace, coupled with the gendering of care work, creates unique difficulties for these women. By integrating …

Examining Behavioral Variations In Disadvantaged Adolescents: A Cross-Racial Study Of African, Latinx, And Asian American Adolescents, Caleb Kim, Rana Hong

Social Work: School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Other Works

This study explored racial differences in internalizing and externalizing problems among minority adolescents in impoverished urban communities. The study centered on a sample of 211 participants who were engaged in the 2018 Building Resilience Against Violence Engagement (BRAVE) programs. Their internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed using Youth Self-Report (YSR). The results of a one-way between-subjects Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) uncovered substantial racial disparities, with African American adolescents reporting a higher prevalence of externalizing problems compared to Asian adolescents. Additionally, Latinx adolescents exhibited the highest prevalence of delinquency rate at the p <  .05 level. These findings underscore the strong connection between racial groups and youth problems, emphasizing the importance of considering racial factors in the context of service provision for minority adolescents.

Can Neural Networks Reach Human Vision Levels On Object Recognition Tasks?, Luke D. Baumel, Mikayla Cutler, Matt Hyatt, Joseph Tocco, William Friebel, Nicholas Baker Dr., George K. Thiruvathukal Dr.

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Object recognition is a crucial function of biological vision; it allows us to draw conclusions about a visual scene that transcends the image formed by the retina. However, the task of object recognition quickly becomes a challenge when hindrances such as viewing angle, object distance from observer, illuminant qualities, and potential occlusions become active variables. Additionally, the diversity of visual features within the same category of object, coupled with the numerous contexts in which an object may be observed is demonstrative of the formidable task that is object recognition. Previous research showed a significant texture bias in Convolutional Neural Networks’ …

“Do The Right Thing”: Immigrant Perspectives Of Social Worker Support In The United States, Abha Rai, Mary Lehman Held, Melody Huslage, Eliza Galvez, Yigermal Demissie Ayalew, Leia Siksay

Social Work: School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Other Works

Social workers play a distinctive role in serving all communities, especially immigrants. Heightened immigrant stress and deteriorating well-being have been reported amid recent anti-immigrant socio-political climate. Given the unique challenges of immigrants, they have distinct needs. In our study, we utilize data from a larger study including a sample of first- and second-generation immigrants, to understand “How can social workers support immigrant communities?” In total, N = 265 participants responded to this prompt. We employed a content analysis approach to analyze participant responses. Our analysis yielded four main themes: (1) Resources for immigrants, (2) Doing right by immigrants, (3) Advocacy, …

A Fair Share: Effects Of Disparity, Allocation Strategy And System Justification On Perceptions Of Policy Support In The Education Domain, David Igliozzi, Yael Granot Ph.D., Victor C. Ottati

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Inequality in the United States has been rising for decades. According to the U.S. Federal Reserve, as of 2023, the top 10% of wealthiest households hold 69% of all wealth while the bottom 50% of households only hold 2.5% of all wealth (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2023). Recently, such disparities have been put into stark relief, as the COVID-19 pandemic increased objective inequality within the United States; those low in socioeconomic status (SES) have a higher risk of contracting COVID-19, are more likely to have their housing and employment situations completely upended and have limited access …

Emoji Use In Social Media Posts: Relationships With Personality Traits And Word Usage, Shelia Kennison, Kameryn Fritz, Maria Andrea Hurtado Morales, Eric Chan-Tin

Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Prior research has demonstrated relationships between personality traits of social media users and the language used in their posts. Few studies have examined whether there are relationships between personality traits of users and how they use emojis in their social media posts. Emojis are digital pictographs used to express ideas and emotions. There are thousands of emojis, which depict faces with expressions, objects, animals, and activities. We conducted a study with two samples (n = 76 and n = 245) in which we examined how emoji use on X (formerly Twitter) related to users’ personality traits and language use …

Adjudicating Discretion In Youth Cases: Research, Law, And Policy For Consideration In Immigration Proceedings, Sarah J. Diaz Jd, Llm, Carolyn Frazier, Lisa Jacobs

Center for the Human Rights of Children

No abstract provided.

2023 Celebration Of Faculty Scholarship, University Libraries

University Libraries: Faculty Publications and Other Works

A bibliography of works featured in the 2023 Celebration of Faculty Scholarship event sponsored by Loyola University Chicago Libraries. The event featured articles, books, and other materials created by Loyola faculty members in the academic year 2022-2023.

Actionpoint: An App To Combat Cyberbullying Via The Strengthening Of Parent-Teen Relationships, Maddie Juarez, Natali Barragan, Deborah Hall, George K. Thiruvathukal, Yasin N. Silva

Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Due to the increased prevalence of cyberbullying and the detrimental impact it can have on adolescents, there is a critical need for tools to help combat cyberbullying. This paper introduces the ActionPoint app, a mobile application based on empirical work highlighting the importance of strong parent-teen relationships for reducing cyberbullying risk. The app is designed to help families improve their communication skills, set healthy boundaries for social media use, identify instances of cyberbullying and cyberbullying risk, and, ultimately, decrease the negative outcomes associated with cyberbullying. The app guides parents and teens through a series of interactive modules that engage them …

How Covid-19 And Racial Justice Protests Influenced Social Workers’ Perceptions Of Policy And Political Participation, Amy Krings, Maria V. Wathen, Teresa Kilbane

Social Work: School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Other Works

Drawing on political opportunity theory, this study examined how the political context created by the COVID-19 pandemic and Black Lives Matter protests influenced social workers’ perceptions about social welfare policy and political participation in the summer of 2020. Authors conducted a thematic analysis of the open-ended survey responses of 120 social work practitioners. Regarding perceptions of policy, respondents reported that they experienced new awareness about the breadth and depth of structural racism in the United States; that they held pessimistic views of the government’s ability to mitigate harm associated with the pandemic or racial injustice; and that structural change, including …

“The Debt Is Suffocating To Be Honest”: Student Loan Debt, Prospective Sensemaking, And The Social Psychology Of Precarity In An Allopathic Medical School, William Burr, Judson G. Everitt, James Johnson

Sociology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Confronted with soaring medical school costs and intensifying disparities in physician compensation by specialty, medical students are forced to make sense of medical education debt during the nascent stages of their careers in medicine. Few studies, however, have examined exactly how medical students make sense of these constraints or how this process might influence decisions about which specialty to pursue or affect doctors’ wellbeing. Leveraging qualitative data collected from current students across all four years of medical education at a Midwestern allopathic medical school, we document how medical students collectively engage in prospective sensemaking about their debt and how it …

A Preliminary Study Connecting School Improvement And Mtss With Student Outcomes, Hank Bohanon, Meng-Jia Wu, Ali Kushki, Cheyne Levesseur

Education: School of Education Faculty Publications and Other Works

Schools have an increased focus on implementing schoolwide initiatives (e.g., multi-tiered systems of support; MTSS) to address risk factors related to dropping out. These interventions can involve multiple domains, including academic, behavioural, and social and emotional supports. Although researchers suggest that schoolwide interventions are effective, school staff may need help implementing various content (e.g., academic, behaviour) domains into a cohesive plan. This preliminary study focused on nine schools in the Midwestern United States that implemented schoolwide interventions as part of a statewide technical assistance approach. The research included using survey and extant data for all students to determine the connections …

Statement On The Effects Of Law Enforcement In School Settings, Charles Tocci, Sara T. Stacy, Rachel Siegal, Jennifer Renick, Child Health And Development Institute Of Connecticut, Inc., Davielle Lakind, Jennifer Gruber, Benjamin W. Fisher

Education: School of Education Faculty Publications and Other Works

School-based law enforcement (SBLE) have become increasingly common in U.S. schools over recent decades despite the controversy surrounding their presence and lack of consensus around their associated benefits and harms. Drawing on the history and evidence base regarding SBLE, we advocate for an end to SBLE programs. Grounding our argument in principles of Community Psychology and positive youth development, we outline how the presence and actions of SBLE negatively affect individual students as well as school systems, with particularly harmful outcomes for students with minoritized and marginalized identities. Research on SBLE and school crime does not provide consistent evidence of …

Psychostimulant Misuse Among American Indian, Alaskan Native, Or Native Hawaiian College Students In The U.S. From 2015 To 2019, Fares Qeadan, Sydney Ross, William A. Barbeau, Erin F. Madden, Kamilla L. Venner, Kevin English

Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health

Introduction: This study examines factors associated with psychostimulant misuse, including polysubstance use and social factors, among the understudied American Indian/Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian (AI/AN/NH) college student population.

Methods: Data were from the 2015 to 2019 American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment IIc (ACHA-NCHA IIc) survey. Multivariable logistic regression models and odds ratios were used to estimate associations between psychostimulant misuse and potential risk and protective factors among AI/AN/NH college students, including licit and illicit substance use, social support, relationship factors, exposure to violence or abuse, mental health symptoms, drug and alcohol education, and sample demographics.

Results: Opioid misuse among AI/AN/NH …

Prosodic Protocols And Interruptions Of Them In Piers Plowman, Ian Cornelius

English: Faculty Publications and Other Works

In premodern societies artificial prosody supplied an encoding protocol for the transmission of sound in writing. Focusing on the fourteenth-century English poem Piers Plowman, this essay examines mid-stream interruption, modification, or blending of prosodic protocols. In most cases the interruption takes the form of a mid-line switch from English verse to Latin prose. In a few cases, the switch is from English verse to Latin verse. These interruptions of protocol are part of the formal artistry and multilingual facility of Piers Plowman, encoding a great range of sound and some silence. They prompt readers to re-evaluate well-justified expectations …

Intersectionality Of Demographic Characteristics In Self-Reported Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, And Probable Eating Disorders Among College Students, Jamie Egbert, Amy Luke, Fares Qeadan

Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health

Objective:

To investigate associations between identity intersectionality, with a primary focus on minority identity, and probable eating disorders (EDs) within the US college student population.

Method:

Data consisting of n=414,299 college students' responses to the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment between fall 2015and spring 2019 were utilized for this study. Overall and stratified adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were used to assess the association between different facets of identity(i.e., race/ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual orientation) and probable EDs.

Results:

Among all, in our analytic sample, 7.15% reported a probable ED. Interactions between all three identity variables were significant, …

No Right To Life: Lives Lost And The Legalized Violence That Shaped A Humanitarian Crisis In The Arizona Borderlands, Madeline Brashear Jd, Sarah Diaz Jd, Llm

Center for the Human Rights of Children

No abstract provided.

Vulnerability In Times Of War: The Necessity Of The Moral Third, Hille Haker

Theology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Vulnerability as a critique of the one-sidedness of the principle of autonomy is at risk of overemphasizing the positive dimension of vulnerability. Moreover, in the discourse on vulnerability, the threat of dehumanization (or moral vulnerability) has not been scrutinized enough ethically. Therefore, the ethics of vulnerability is insufficient when faced with the force of war that requires the conceptualization of vulnerability for political-ethics. The Russian war in Ukraine demonstrates this weakness in a striking way: the called-for openness to the other as well as an active form of nonviolence, as promoted by Judith Butler, may not be an option in …

Degendering Parents On Birth Certificates, Timothy E. Murphy, Jennifer Parks

Philosophy: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Birth certificates typically designate parents as ‘mothers’ or ‘fathers’ although some U.S. states offer non-gendered designations. We argue that gendered characterizations offer scant legal or moral value and that states should move to degender parental status on birth certificates but retain that information in registrations of birth. Registrations of birth identify the person giving birth to a child, when and where, and they report demographic and health information useful for civic and public health purposes. Birth certificates typically report a child’s name, sex, date and location of birth, and parentage so far as known. As documents establishing parents’ standing in …

Guilty As Charged: The Role Of Judge Instructions On Metaphor Produced Biases In Jury Decision Making, Gina N. Rita

Master's Theses

In this study, we hope to determine if the placement of judge instructions mitigates our previous study’s effect of metaphors on memory and verdict decisions. Our previous study showed in the metaphor condition, participants were more likely to vote guilty and remember more metaphor-related evidence compared to those in the control group. In addition to replicating the previous study’s results, we hypothesize judge instructions stated at the beginning of the trial will have little influence on the metaphor effects, and judge instructions at the end of the trial will weaken these effects. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of …

Σπλαγχνιζομαι And The Characterization Of The Markan Jesus, Jonathan W. Bryant

Dissertations

Amid scholarly studies both of the miracle stories of the Markan Jesus and of the characterization of the Markan Jesus, little attention has been given to the role of Jesus’s emotions as portrayed in those accounts—though references to Jesus’ emotions appear quite frequently in the Gospel of Mark. This dissertation seeks to fill this lacuna through a detailed analysis of the portrayal of Jesus’s compassion (σπλαγχνίζομαι) in the Markan miracle stories. I first examine the accounts of other miracle workers from ancient Greco-Roman and Jewish literature to discover how emotions feature in the depictions of miracle workers likely known in …

Using Natural Language Processing To Evaluate Electronic Health Records Of Patients With Ovarian Cancer For Documentation Of Goals Of Care, Hillarie Elizabeth Joehl

Dissertations

Growing evidence supports the benefits of serious illness communication including goals of care (GOC) discussions and documentation in the electronic health record (EHR). Patients who discuss end-of-life (EOL) care with their clinicians are more likely to have positive outcomes including better-reported quality of life, less distress, and a higher likelihood of receiving care consistent with their preferences. Limited research suggests only a small fraction of ovarian cancer patients have such discussions with their clinicians. Using a novel natural language processing (NLP) methodology, this retrospective and descriptive study explores EHRs for patients with ovarian cancer to characterize documentation of GOC. Using …

Creative Disobedience: Dorothee Sölle's Political Theology And Ethics For U.S. Christian Contexts, Dannis Matteson

Dissertations

This dissertation adapts Dorothee Sölle’s concept of creative disobedience to account for those histories of obedience to structures of domination and to foster moral agency that disrupts and dismantles structures of domination. The first two chapters contextualize and summarize Dorothee Sölle’s critique of obedience and her warning against the way in which the obedient social character yields a “Christofascist” society. Chapter II considers the extent to which Christofascism already exists in US society today through Andrew L. Whitehead and Samuel L. Perry’s study of the political and cultural prevalence of Christian nationalism. Chapter III contextualizes Dorothee Sölle’s theoretical critique of …

The Importance Of Caregivers, Family, And Context For Child Welfare Involved Youth And A National Child Sample: A Structural Equation Modeling Perspective, Nathan Michael Lutz

Dissertations

This bundled, three-study dissertation examines how the relationships that children have with adult family members impact mental health outcomes, including internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors. The first study examines the moderating effect of relationship satisfaction on the relationship between kin involvement and child psychopathology. The second study uses data from the 2017 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), examining the mediating effect of the parent-child relationship on the associations across various systems in which children are embedded and mental health diagnoses. The third paper examined the interactions between both family strengths and caregiver involvement with the parent child relationship and …