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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Severity Is Associated With Distinct Cd8+ T-Cell Profiles, David T. Siefker, Luan Vu, Dahui You, Andrew Mcbride, Ryleigh Taylor, Tamekia L. Jones, John Devincenzo, Stephania A. Cormier Feb 2020

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Severity Is Associated With Distinct Cd8+ T-Cell Profiles, David T. Siefker, Luan Vu, Dahui You, Andrew Mcbride, Ryleigh Taylor, Tamekia L. Jones, John Devincenzo, Stephania A. Cormier

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2020 by the American Thoracic Society. Rationale: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in infants worldwide. Although T-helper type 2 (Th2) cell pathology is implicated in severe disease, the mechanisms underlying the development of immunopathology are incompletely understood. Objectives: We aimed to identify local immune responses associated with severe RSV in infants. Our hypothesis was that disease severity would correlate with enhanced Th2 cellular responses. Methods: Nasal aspirates were collected from infants hospitalized with severe (admitted to the pediatric ICU) or moderate (maintained in the general ward) RSV disease at 5 to 9 days after …

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Hot-Water Baths, Biologicals And Re-Curing Effects On Rhizopus Soft Rot During Sweetpotato Packing, R. R. Sweany, D. H. Picha, C. A. Clark Feb 2020

Hot-Water Baths, Biologicals And Re-Curing Effects On Rhizopus Soft Rot During Sweetpotato Packing, R. R. Sweany, D. H. Picha, C. A. Clark

Faculty Publications

Rhizopus soft rot (RSR) caused by Rhizopus stolonifer is one of the most devastating postharvest diseases of sweetpotato. It causes greatest losses when sweetpotatoes are removed from storage, washed and packed for marketing. The disease has been managed effectively by prophylactic application of synthetic fungicides on the packing line. However, there is increasing demand for alternative management strategies that do not rely on prophylactic use of synthetic fungicides. While curing immediately after harvest is a standard industry practice, re-curing after storage is not widely practised for postharvest disease management. In this study, the use of hot-water baths, biocontrol agents and …

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Maize Yield In Smallholder Agriculture System-An Approach Integrating Socioeconomic And Crop Management Factors, Sudarshan Dutta, Somsubhra Chakraborty, Rupak Goswami, Hirak Banerjee, Kaushik Majumdar, Bin Li, M. L. Jat Feb 2020

Maize Yield In Smallholder Agriculture System-An Approach Integrating Socioeconomic And Crop Management Factors, Sudarshan Dutta, Somsubhra Chakraborty, Rupak Goswami, Hirak Banerjee, Kaushik Majumdar, Bin Li, M. L. Jat

Faculty Publications

Yield gaps of maize (Zea mays L.) in the smallholder farms of eastern India are outcomes of a complex interplay of climatic variations, soil fertility gradients, socio-economic factors, and differential management intensities. Several machine learning approaches were used in this study to investigate the relative influences of multiple biophysical, socio-economic, and crop management features in determining maize yield variability using several machine learning approaches. Soil fertility status was assessed in 180 farms and paired with the surveyed data on maize yield, socio-economic conditions, and agronomic management. The C&RT relative variable importance plot identified farm size, total labor, soil factors, seed …

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An Efficient Synergistic System For Simultaneously Enhancing The Fire Retardancy, Moisture Resistance And Electrical Insulation Performance Of Unsaturated Polyester Resins, Lubin Liu, Yue Xu, Miaojun Xu, Yintong He, Sheng Li, Bin Li Feb 2020

An Efficient Synergistic System For Simultaneously Enhancing The Fire Retardancy, Moisture Resistance And Electrical Insulation Performance Of Unsaturated Polyester Resins, Lubin Liu, Yue Xu, Miaojun Xu, Yintong He, Sheng Li, Bin Li

Faculty Publications

Unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) are usually used in the field of electronic appliances, but their inherent flammability and hygroscopicity severely limit their wide application. In this research, dimelamine pyrophosphate (DMPY) was synthesized and constituted a synergistic flame retardant system (FRs) with aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP). The FRs was applied to flame retarded UPR thermosets and the fire retardancy, moisture resistance, mechanical properties and flame retarded mechanisms of UPR/FRs were comprehensively investigated. When as low as 15 wt% FRs was incorporated, UPR/FRs achieved UL-94 V-0 rating during vertical burning tests and the limiting oxygen index value reached 27.9%. FRs stimulated UPR matrix …

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Throwing A Glance At 100 Volumes Of A Journal And At Half A Century Of Its Existence, Karl Heinrich Hofmann, Jimmie Don Lawson Feb 2020

Throwing A Glance At 100 Volumes Of A Journal And At Half A Century Of Its Existence, Karl Heinrich Hofmann, Jimmie Don Lawson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Mixed Perverse Sheaves On Flag Varieties For Coxeter Groups, Pramod N. Achar, Simon Riche, Cristian Vay Feb 2020

Mixed Perverse Sheaves On Flag Varieties For Coxeter Groups, Pramod N. Achar, Simon Riche, Cristian Vay

Faculty Publications

In this paper we construct an abelian category of mixed perverse sheaves attached to any realization of a Coxeter group, in terms of the associated Elias-Williamson diagrammatic category. This construction extends previous work of the first two authors, where we worked with parity complexes instead of diagrams, and we extend most of the properties known in this case to the general setting. As an application we prove that the split Grothendieck group of the Elias-Williamson diagrammatic category is isomorphic to the corresponding Hecke algebra, for any choice of realization.

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Xact Implementation Of The Theory Of Cosmological Perturbation In Bianchi I Spacetimes, Ivan Agullo, Javier Olmedo, Vijayakumar Sreenath Feb 2020

Xact Implementation Of The Theory Of Cosmological Perturbation In Bianchi I Spacetimes, Ivan Agullo, Javier Olmedo, Vijayakumar Sreenath

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a computational algorithm to derive the theory of linear gauge invariant perturbations on anisotropic cosmological spacetimes of the Bianchi I type. Our code is based on the tensor algebra packages xTensor and xPert, within the computational infrastructure of xAct written in Mathematica. The algorithm is based on a Hamiltonian, or phase space formulation, and it provides an efficient and transparent way of isolating the gauge invariant degrees of freedom in the perturbation fields and to obtain the Hamiltonian generating their dynamics. The restriction to Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker spacetimes is straightforward.

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Human Activities And Climate Variability Affecting Inland Water Surface Area In A High Latitude River Basin, Liwen Chen, Guangxin Zhang, Y. Jun Xu, Shengbo Chen, Yanfeng Wu, Zongting Gao, Haiyang Yu Feb 2020

Human Activities And Climate Variability Affecting Inland Water Surface Area In A High Latitude River Basin, Liwen Chen, Guangxin Zhang, Y. Jun Xu, Shengbo Chen, Yanfeng Wu, Zongting Gao, Haiyang Yu

Faculty Publications

Spatiotemporal changes in the surface area of inland water bodies have important implications in regional water resources, flood control, and drought hazard prediction. Although inland water bodies have been investigated intensively, few studies have looked at the effect of human activities and climate variability on surface area of inland waters at a larger scale over time and space. In this study, we used MODIS (MOD13Q1) images to determine water surface area extent at 250 m spatial resolution. We then applied this algorithm with MOD13Q1 images taken at 16-day intervals from 2000 to 2018 to a large river basin in China's …

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Experimental Forest Fragmentation Alters Amazonian Mixed-Species Flocks, Cameron L. Rutt, Karl Mokross, Michael D. Kaller, Philip C. Stouffer Feb 2020

Experimental Forest Fragmentation Alters Amazonian Mixed-Species Flocks, Cameron L. Rutt, Karl Mokross, Michael D. Kaller, Philip C. Stouffer

Faculty Publications

Habitat fragmentation has been associated with myriad negative effects for forest-dependent birds in the Neotropics. However, the vast majority of negative effects have been inferred from comparisons of pre-existing fragments with separate control sites. Such comparisons confound area loss with isolation and ignore effects of patchy distributions and local habitat heterogeneity. To directly test the effects of fragmentation on Amazonian mixed-species flocks—a complex and diverse species interaction network—we observed birds before and after re-isolation of three 10-ha fragments at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project in central Amazonia. Following initial isolation in the 1980s, these fragments have been surrounded …

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Rubusoside-Assisted Solubilization Of Poorly Soluble C6-Ceramide For A Pilot Pharmacokinetic Study, Jianzhong Chen, Sachin K. Khiste, Xiaomei Fu, Kartik R. Roy, Yixuan Dong, Jian Zhang, Mei Liu, Yong Yu Liu, Zhijun Liu Feb 2020

Rubusoside-Assisted Solubilization Of Poorly Soluble C6-Ceramide For A Pilot Pharmacokinetic Study, Jianzhong Chen, Sachin K. Khiste, Xiaomei Fu, Kartik R. Roy, Yixuan Dong, Jian Zhang, Mei Liu, Yong Yu Liu, Zhijun Liu

Faculty Publications

Although C6-Ceramide has attracted much attention as a possible tumor suppressor, the delivery of C6-Ceramide is still challenging due to its inherent hydrophobicity and insolubility. In this study we explored the use of a natural compound rubusoside (RUB) as a solubilizer to enhance the solubility of a fluorescence-labeled C6-Ceramide (NBD C6-Ceramide) and to characterize its pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in an animal model. RUB significantly enhanced the solubility of NBD C6-Ceramide by forming nanomicelles, and efficiently delivered NBD C6-Ceramide in rats by oral and intravenous administration. RUB loaded 1.96 % of NBD C6-Ceramide in the nanomicelles and solubilized it to …

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Ceramide–Rubusoside Nanomicelles, A Potential Therapeutic Approach To Target Cancers Carrying P53 Missense Mutations, Sachin K. Khiste, Zhijun Liu, Kartik R. Roy, Mohammad B. Uddin, Salman B. Hosain, Xin Gu, Sami Nazzal, Ronald A. Hill, Yong Yu Liu Feb 2020

Ceramide–Rubusoside Nanomicelles, A Potential Therapeutic Approach To Target Cancers Carrying P53 Missense Mutations, Sachin K. Khiste, Zhijun Liu, Kartik R. Roy, Mohammad B. Uddin, Salman B. Hosain, Xin Gu, Sami Nazzal, Ronald A. Hill, Yong Yu Liu

Faculty Publications

Ceramide (Cer) is an active cellular sphingolipid that can induce apoptosis or proliferation-arrest of cancer cells. Nanoparticle-based delivery offers an effective approach for overcoming bioavailability and biopharmaceutics issues attributable to the pronounced hydrophobicity of Cer. Missense mutations of the protein p53, which have been detected in approximately 42% of cancer cases, not only lose the tumor suppression activity of wild-type p53, but also gain oncogenic functions promoting tumor progression and drug resistance. Our previous works showed that cellular Cer can eradicate cancer cells that carry a p53 deletion-mutation by modulating alternative pre-mRNA splicing, restoring wild-type p53 protein expression. Here, we …

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The Response Of Stomatal Conductance To Seasonal Drought In Tropical Forests, Jin Wu, Shawn P. Serbin, Kim S. Ely, Brett T. Wolfe, L. Turin Dickman, Charlotte Grossiord, Sean T. Michaletz, Adam D. Collins, Matteo Detto, Nate G. Mcdowell, S. Joseph Wright, Alistair Rogers Feb 2020

The Response Of Stomatal Conductance To Seasonal Drought In Tropical Forests, Jin Wu, Shawn P. Serbin, Kim S. Ely, Brett T. Wolfe, L. Turin Dickman, Charlotte Grossiord, Sean T. Michaletz, Adam D. Collins, Matteo Detto, Nate G. Mcdowell, S. Joseph Wright, Alistair Rogers

Faculty Publications

Stomata regulate CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and water loss through transpiration. The approaches used to represent stomatal conductance (gs) in models vary. In particular, current understanding of drivers of the variation in a key parameter in those models, the slope parameter (i.e. a measure of intrinsic plant water-use-efficiency), is still limited, particularly in the tropics. Here we collected diurnal measurements of leaf gas exchange and leaf water potential (Ψleaf), and a suite of plant traits from the upper canopy of 15 tropical trees in two contrasting Panamanian forests throughout the dry season of the 2016 El Niño. The plant traits …

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A Randomized Community-Based Exercise Training Trial In African American Men: Aerobic Plus Resistance Training And Insulin Sensitivity In African American Men, Robert L. Newton, William D. Johnson, Sandra Larrivee, Chelsea Hendrick, Melissa Harris, Neil M. Johannsen, Damon L. Swift, Daniel S. Hsia, Timothy S. Church Feb 2020

A Randomized Community-Based Exercise Training Trial In African American Men: Aerobic Plus Resistance Training And Insulin Sensitivity In African American Men, Robert L. Newton, William D. Johnson, Sandra Larrivee, Chelsea Hendrick, Melissa Harris, Neil M. Johannsen, Damon L. Swift, Daniel S. Hsia, Timothy S. Church

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Purpose To examine the impact of a community-based exercise training intervention on cardiometabolic outcomes in African American men who have a family history of type 2 diabetes. Methods The Aerobic Plus Resistance Training and Insulin Sensitivity in African American Men (ARTIIS) study randomized participants into either an exercise training intervention or an information only control group for 5 months. The exercise training intervention consisted of 150 min of moderate intensity aerobic activity and 2 d of resistance training per week, consistent with the current federal physical activity guidelines. Participants in the control group received monthly newsletters featuring topics focused heavily …

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Self-Rated Religiosity/Spirituality And Four Health Outcomes Among Us South Asians: Findings From The Study On Stress, Spirituality, And Health, Samuel Stroope, Blake Victor Kent, Ying Zhang, Namratha R. Kandula, Alka M. Kanaya, Alexandra E. Shields Feb 2020

Self-Rated Religiosity/Spirituality And Four Health Outcomes Among Us South Asians: Findings From The Study On Stress, Spirituality, And Health, Samuel Stroope, Blake Victor Kent, Ying Zhang, Namratha R. Kandula, Alka M. Kanaya, Alexandra E. Shields

Faculty Publications

Almost no research exists on the relationship between religiosity/spirituality (R/S) and health in the US South Asian population. Using data from the joint Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health and Mediators of Atherosclerosis Among South Asians Living in America Study (MASALA), this article examined associations between self-rated R/S and self-rated health, emotional functioning, trait anxiety, and trait anger in a community-based sample (n = 933) from the Chicago and San Francisco Bay areas. Ordinary least squares regression was used to analyze categorical differences in levels of R/S and ordinal trends for R/S, adjusting for potential confounders. Being slightly or moderately …

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Trans-Disciplinary Responses To Climate Change: Lessons From Rice-Based Systems In Asia, Jon Hellin, Jean Balié, Eleanor Fisher, Ajay Kohli, Melanie Connor, Sudhir Yadav, Virender Kumar, Timothy J. Krupnik, Bjoern Ole Sander, Joshua Cobb, Katherine Nelson, Tri Setiyono, Ranjitha Puskur, Pauline Chivenge, Martin Gummert Feb 2020

Trans-Disciplinary Responses To Climate Change: Lessons From Rice-Based Systems In Asia, Jon Hellin, Jean Balié, Eleanor Fisher, Ajay Kohli, Melanie Connor, Sudhir Yadav, Virender Kumar, Timothy J. Krupnik, Bjoern Ole Sander, Joshua Cobb, Katherine Nelson, Tri Setiyono, Ranjitha Puskur, Pauline Chivenge, Martin Gummert

Faculty Publications

Climate change will continue to have a largely detrimental impact on the agricultural sector worldwide because of predicted rising temperatures, variable rainfall, and an increase in extreme weather events. Reduced crop yields will lead to higher food prices and increased hardship for low income populations, especially in urban areas. Action on climate change is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 13) and is linked to the Paris Climate Agreement. The research challenge posed by climate change is so complex that a trans-disciplinary response is required, one that brings together researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers in networks where the lines between …

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Prevalence And Correlates Of Objectively Measured Weight Status Among Urban And Rural Mozambican Primary Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study, Taru Manyanga, Joel D. Barnes, Jean Philippe Chaput, Lise Dubois, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Emily F. Mire, Antonio Prista, Mark S. Tremblay Feb 2020

Prevalence And Correlates Of Objectively Measured Weight Status Among Urban And Rural Mozambican Primary Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study, Taru Manyanga, Joel D. Barnes, Jean Philippe Chaput, Lise Dubois, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Emily F. Mire, Antonio Prista, Mark S. Tremblay

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background The coexistence of undernutrition (thinness) and overnutrition (overweight/obesity) among children and adolescents is a public health concern in low-middle-income countries. Accurate prevalence estimates of thinness and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents are unavailable in many low-middle-income countries due to lack of data. Here we describe the prevalences and examine correlates of objectively measured weight status among urban and rural schoolchildren in Mozambique. Methods A cross-sectional study design was applied to recruit 9-11-year-old schoolchildren (n = 683) from 17 urban and rural primary schools in Mozambique. Body mass index (BMI) was computed from objectively measured height and weight and participants’ …

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Body Composition During Pregnancy Differs By Obesity Class, Jasper Most, Abby D. Altazan, Daniel S. Hsia, Robbie A. Beyl, Leanne M. Redman Feb 2020

Body Composition During Pregnancy Differs By Obesity Class, Jasper Most, Abby D. Altazan, Daniel S. Hsia, Robbie A. Beyl, Leanne M. Redman

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Objective: The aim of this study is to characterize changes in body composition during pregnancy in women with obesity. Methods: Fifty-four healthy women with obesity (class 1, 30-34.9 kg/m2: n = 25; class 2, 35-39.9 kg/m2: n = 21; class 3, ≥ 40.0 kg/m2: n = 8) expecting a singleton pregnancy were studied. Body composition was measured in early pregnancy (13-16 weeks), midpregnancy (24-27 weeks), and late pregnancy (35-37 weeks) using air displacement plethysmography, stable isotopes, and skinfold thickness measurements. Fasting glucose, insulin, and leptin were measured. Results: The gain in fat-free mass was lower in the second trimester compared …

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Strangers In The Neighborhood: Violence And Neighborhood Boundaries, Kevin J. Brown, Frederick D. Weil Feb 2020

Strangers In The Neighborhood: Violence And Neighborhood Boundaries, Kevin J. Brown, Frederick D. Weil

Faculty Publications

New Orleans experienced elevated rates of violent crime throughout the thirty years between 1985 and 2015. Violence was disproportionately represented in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. This study explores the lived experiences of residents from one such neighborhood, using individual interviews, focus groups, and participant observation. The data indicate that neighborhood boundaries vacillated between rigidly defensive and porous, which impacted residents’ ability to enact collective efficacy and thus to create a milieu that either positively or negatively influenced the likelihood of violence. With a long history of institutional and social neglect, the community initially viewed outsiders as invaders which resulted in rigidly …

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Review Of Broken People, Michael F. Russo Feb 2020

Review Of Broken People, Michael F. Russo

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Minor Preoccupations, Major Endeavors: The Community Of Poets And Painters, Adelaide M. Russo Feb 2020

Minor Preoccupations, Major Endeavors: The Community Of Poets And Painters, Adelaide M. Russo

Faculty Publications

In Au fond des images (2003), Jean-Luc Nancy introduces concepts about the image, pertinent to understanding the minor genre of poets’ writings on painting. Nancy begins by stating that the image is sacred, clarifying that the sacred should not be confused with the religious, which is based on rituals. The sacred signifies that which is separated, excluded, distanced. The image’s attraction is derived from this, from its untouchable nature. Because of its separation from the viewer, the image inspires a desire for intimacy, and draws the spectator to it. Poets’ texts on painting constitute minor forms: prefaces to catalogs, criticism, …

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Evaluation Of Ultraviolet (Uv-C) Light Treatment For Microbial Inactivation In Agricultural Waters With Different Levels Of Turbidity, Achyut Adhikari, Katheryn J. Parraga Estrada, Vijay S. Chhetri, Marlene Janes, Kathryn Fontenot, John C. Beaulieu Feb 2020

Evaluation Of Ultraviolet (Uv-C) Light Treatment For Microbial Inactivation In Agricultural Waters With Different Levels Of Turbidity, Achyut Adhikari, Katheryn J. Parraga Estrada, Vijay S. Chhetri, Marlene Janes, Kathryn Fontenot, John C. Beaulieu

Faculty Publications

Produce growers using surface or well water to irrigate their crops may require an appropriate water treatment system in place to meet the water quality standard imposed by FSMA Produce Safety Rule. This study evaluated the potential of using ultraviolet (UV-C) treatment in reducing the microbial population in agricultural water. Waters with turbidity levels ranging from 10.93 to 23.32 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) were prepared by mixing pond water and well water. The waters were inoculated with a cocktail of generic Escherichia coli (ATCC 23716, 25922, and 11775) and then treated with UV-C light (20–60 mJ/cm2). All tested doses of …

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A Cash Flow Model Of An Integrated Industrial Ccs-Eor Project In A Petrochemical Corridor: A Case Study In Louisiana, Brian F. Snyder, Michael Layne, David E. Dismukes Feb 2020

A Cash Flow Model Of An Integrated Industrial Ccs-Eor Project In A Petrochemical Corridor: A Case Study In Louisiana, Brian F. Snyder, Michael Layne, David E. Dismukes

Faculty Publications

Petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants are major CO2 sources, however, they are also significant capital and employment assets that are unlikely to be replaced in the near term. As a result, nations and states that are interested in reducing the carbon intensity of their economies will need to find ways to reduce the emissions of their existing industrial capacity. Industrial carbon capture provides one potential mechanism for reducing the carbon intensity of existing industrial facilities, however, an economically feasible capture system requires that the captured CO2 be integrated into a system of transport and storage with income generated either through …

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Deepsat V2: Feature Augmented Convolutional Neural Nets For Satellite Image Classification, Qun Liu, Saikat Basu, Sangram Ganguly, Supratik Mukhopadhyay, Robert Dibiano, Manohar Karki, Ramakrishna Nemani Feb 2020

Deepsat V2: Feature Augmented Convolutional Neural Nets For Satellite Image Classification, Qun Liu, Saikat Basu, Sangram Ganguly, Supratik Mukhopadhyay, Robert Dibiano, Manohar Karki, Ramakrishna Nemani

Faculty Publications

Satellite image classification is a challenging problem that lies at the crossroads of remote sensing, computer vision, and machine learning. Due to the high variability inherent in satellite data, most of the current object classification approaches are not suitable for handling satellite datasets. The progress of satellite image analytics has also been inhibited by the lack of a single labeled high-resolution dataset with multiple class labels. In a preliminary version of this work, we introduced two new high resolution satellite imagery datasets (SAT-4 and SAT-6) and proposed DeepSat framework for classification based on “handcrafted” features and a deep belief network …

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Plumage Patterns: Ecological Functions, Evolutionary Origins, And Advances In Quantification, Nicholas A. Mason, Rauri C.K. Bowie Feb 2020

Plumage Patterns: Ecological Functions, Evolutionary Origins, And Advances In Quantification, Nicholas A. Mason, Rauri C.K. Bowie

Faculty Publications

Birds exhibit remarkable variation in plumage patterns, both within individual feathers and among plumage patches. Differences in the size, shape, and location of pigments and structural colors comprise important visual signals involved in mate choice, social signaling, camouflage, and many other functions. While ornithologists have studied plumage patterns for centuries, recent technological advances in digital image acquisition and processing have transformed pattern quantification methods, enabling comprehensive, detailed datasets of pattern phenotypes that were heretofore inaccessible. In this review, we synthesize recent and classic studies of plumage patterns at different evolutionary and organismal scales and discuss the various roles that plumage …

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On The Usefulness Of Parental Lines Gwas For Predicting Low Heritability Traits In Tropical Maize Hybrids, Giovanni Galli, Filipe Couto Alves, Júlia Silva Morosini, Roberto Fritsche-Neto Feb 2020

On The Usefulness Of Parental Lines Gwas For Predicting Low Heritability Traits In Tropical Maize Hybrids, Giovanni Galli, Filipe Couto Alves, Júlia Silva Morosini, Roberto Fritsche-Neto

Faculty Publications

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is one of the most popular methods of studying the genetic control of traits. This methodology has been intensely performed on inbred genotypes to identify causal variants. Nonetheless, the lack of covariance between the phenotype of inbred lines and their offspring in cross-pollinated species (such as maize) raises questions on the applicability of these findings in a hybrid breeding context. To address this topic, we incorporated previously reported parental lines GWAS information into the prediction of a low heritability trait in hybrids. This was done by marker-assisted selection based on significant markers identified in the lines …

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Fine Structure Of Viral Dsdna Encapsidation, Shawn Walker, Javier Arsuaga, Lindsey Hiltner, M. Carme Calderer, Mariel Vázquez Feb 2020

Fine Structure Of Viral Dsdna Encapsidation, Shawn Walker, Javier Arsuaga, Lindsey Hiltner, M. Carme Calderer, Mariel Vázquez

Faculty Publications

Unraveling the mechanisms of packing of DNA inside viral capsids is of fundamental importance to understanding the spread of viruses. It could also help develop new applications to targeted drug delivery devices for a large range of therapies. In this article, we present a robust, predictive mathematical model and its numerical implementation to aid the study and design of bacteriophage viruses for application purposes. Exploiting the analogies between the columnar hexagonal chromonic phases of encapsidated viral DNA and chromonic aggregates formed by plank-shaped molecular compounds, we develop a first-principles effective mechanical model of DNA packing in a viral capsid. The …

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Pattern Of Regional White Matter Hyperintensity Volume In Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes And Associations With Decline In Daily Functioning, Katherine J. Bangen, Kelsey R. Thomas, Alexandra J. Weigand, Danielle L. Sanchez, Lisa Delano-Wood, Emily C. Edmonds, Owen T. Carmichael, Christopher G. Schwarz, Adam M. Brickman, Mark W. Bondi Feb 2020

Pattern Of Regional White Matter Hyperintensity Volume In Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes And Associations With Decline In Daily Functioning, Katherine J. Bangen, Kelsey R. Thomas, Alexandra J. Weigand, Danielle L. Sanchez, Lisa Delano-Wood, Emily C. Edmonds, Owen T. Carmichael, Christopher G. Schwarz, Adam M. Brickman, Mark W. Bondi

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs), a marker of small-vessel cerebrovascular disease, increase risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Less is known about whether regional WMHs distinguish MCI subtypes and predict decline in everyday functioning. About 618 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants (301 cognitively normal [CN]; 232 amnestic MCI [aMCI]; 85 nonamnestic MCI [naMCI]) underwent neuropsychological testing, MRI, and assessment of everyday functioning. aMCI participants showed greater temporal (p = 0.002) and occipital WMHs (p = 0.030) relative to CN whereas naMCI participants had greater frontal (p = 0.045), temporal (p = 0.003), parietal (p = 0.018), and occipital (p < 0.001) WMH compared with CN. Relative to those with aMCI, individuals with naMCI showed greater occipital WMH (p = 0.013). Greater WMH in temporal (p = 0.001) and occipital regions (p = 0.006) was associated with faster decline in everyday functioning across the sample. Temporal lobe WMHs were disproportionately associated with accelerated functional decline among naMCI (p = 0.045). Regional WMH volumes vary across cognitive groups and predict functional decline. Cerebrovascular markers may help identify individuals at risk for decline and distinguish subtypes of cognitive impairment.

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Energetic And Environmental Constraints On The Community Structure Of Benthic Microbial Mats In Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, Megan L. Dillon, Ian Hawes, Anne D. Jungblut, Tyler J. Mackey, Jonathan A. Eisen, Peter T. Doran, Dawn Y. Sumner Feb 2020

Energetic And Environmental Constraints On The Community Structure Of Benthic Microbial Mats In Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, Megan L. Dillon, Ian Hawes, Anne D. Jungblut, Tyler J. Mackey, Jonathan A. Eisen, Peter T. Doran, Dawn Y. Sumner

Faculty Publications

© 2020 FEMS 2020. Ecological communities are regulated by the flow of energy through environments. Energy flow is typically limited by access to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and oxygen concentration (O2). The microbial mats growing on the bottom of Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, have well-defined environmental gradients in PAR and (O2). We analyzed the metagenomes of layers from these microbial mats to test the extent to which access to oxygen and light controls community structure. We found variation in the diversity and relative abundances of Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryotes across three (O2) and PAR conditions: high (O2) and maximum PAR, variable …

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Experimental Determination Of The Role Of Increased Surface Area In Pool Boiling From Nanostructured Surfaces, Brendon Doran, Bin Zhang, Abigail Walker, Pratik Kc, W. J. Meng, Arden L. Moore Feb 2020

Experimental Determination Of The Role Of Increased Surface Area In Pool Boiling From Nanostructured Surfaces, Brendon Doran, Bin Zhang, Abigail Walker, Pratik Kc, W. J. Meng, Arden L. Moore

Faculty Publications

The use of nanostructured surfaces to enhance pool boiling heat transfer performance has previously been demonstrated for a variety of outwardly-projecting nanostructures such as nanowires and nanotubes. Such enhancement has been attributed to a variety of factors, including greater surface area, improved wickability, and superior nucleation site density as compared to unmodified surfaces. However, since these three phenomena are inherently interlinked with the presence of the nanostructures, isolating each one for independent study to truly understand its relative importance in enhancing pool boiling heat transfer has remained a challenge. In this work, nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) films on metallic …

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Effect Of Alloying Elements On The Γ’ Antiphase Boundary Energy In Ni-Base Superalloys, M. Dodaran, A. Hemmasian Ettefagh, S. M. Guo, M. M. Khonsari, W. J. Meng, N. Shamsaei, S. Shao Feb 2020

Effect Of Alloying Elements On The Γ’ Antiphase Boundary Energy In Ni-Base Superalloys, M. Dodaran, A. Hemmasian Ettefagh, S. M. Guo, M. M. Khonsari, W. J. Meng, N. Shamsaei, S. Shao

Faculty Publications

Mechanical and fatigue performance of γ-γ′ Ni-base superalloys are strongly affected by the antiphase boundary energy (APBE) of the γ′ precipitates which, in turn, is dictated by the alloy's composition. Due to the multicomponent character of these alloys, establishing composition-APBE relationships are challenging, even though the qualitative effect of individual solutes on the APBE may be known. This work attempts to utilize density functional theory-based cluster expansion calculations to systematically assess the effect of composition on the APBE of the γ′ phases in Ni-base superalloys. We aim to elucidate the influence of not only one single element but also multiple …

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