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Shell Model Description Of Normal Parity Bands In Odd-Mass Heavy Deformed Nuclei, C. Vargas, J. G. Hirsch, T. Beuschel, J. P. Draayer Jan 2000

Shell Model Description Of Normal Parity Bands In Odd-Mass Heavy Deformed Nuclei, C. Vargas, J. G. Hirsch, T. Beuschel, J. P. Draayer

Faculty Publications

The low-energy spectra and [Formula Presented] electromagnetic transition strengths of [Formula Presented] and [Formula Presented] are described using the pseudo SU(3) model. Normal parity bands are built as linear combinations of SU(3) states, which are the direct product of SU(3) proton and neutron states with pseudospin zero (for even number of nucleons) and pseudospin 1/2 (for odd number of nucleons). Each of the many-particle states has a well-defined particle number and total angular momentum. The Hamiltonian includes spherical Nilsson single-particle energies, the quadrupole-quadrupole and pairing interactions, as well as three rotor terms which are diagonal in the SU(3) basis. The …

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Movement And Territoriality Of Wintering Hermit Thrushes In Southeastern Louisiana, David R. Brown, Philip C. Stouffer, Cheryl M. Strong Jan 2000

Movement And Territoriality Of Wintering Hermit Thrushes In Southeastern Louisiana, David R. Brown, Philip C. Stouffer, Cheryl M. Strong

Faculty Publications

We describe the spatial organization and social behavior of Hermit Thrushes (Catharus guttatus) wintering in pine plantations and an adjacent hardwood forest in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana over three winters. We used point counts (n = 403) to collect data on agonistic behaviors and relative abundance within the study area. We used mist-netting to study site fidelity on four 9-ha plots within and among years. We used radio-telemetry to measure Hermit Thrushes' movements and territoriality (n = 50). We found that Hermit Thrushes saturated suitable patches within the study area. Most Hermit Thrushes actively defended small [mean = 0.55 ± 0.03 …

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Are Scientists In Developing Countries Isolated?, W. Shrum, P. Campion Jan 2000

Are Scientists In Developing Countries Isolated?, W. Shrum, P. Campion

Faculty Publications

Most scholars and development experts assume that scientists in developing countries are isolated, although some posit that they are part of a global scientific community. This paper seeks to determine the size of professional networks for scientists in less developed countries (LDC) as well as the distribution of their ties across organisational contexts and locations. Professional contact networks of scientists in Africa and Asia were determined in personal interviews with 293 researchers in universities, government laboratories and non-governmental organisations. Contrary to expectations, researchers in the least developed countries do not have the smallest networks. Results indicate that: (a) international and …

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Acifluorfen Sorption, Degradation, And Mobility In A Mississippi Delta Soil, L. A. Gaston, M. A. Locke Jan 2000

Acifluorfen Sorption, Degradation, And Mobility In A Mississippi Delta Soil, L. A. Gaston, M. A. Locke

Faculty Publications

Potential surface water and groundwater contaminants include herbicides that are applied postemergence. Although applied to the plant canopy, a portion of any application reaches the soil either directly or via subsequent foliar washoff. This study examined sorption, degradation, and mobility of the postemergence herbicide acifluorfen (5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid) in Dundee silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic, Aeric Ochraqualf) taken from conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT) field plots. Homogeneous surface and subsurface samples were used in the sorption and degradation studies; intact soil columns (30 cm long and 10 cm diam.) were used in the mobility study. Batch sorption isotherms were …

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Calla History And Culture, Jeff S. Kuehny Jan 2000

Calla History And Culture, Jeff S. Kuehny

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Carbohydrate-Related Changes In Sweetpotato Storage Roots During Development, Don R. La Bonte, David H. Picha, Hester A. Johnson Jan 2000

Carbohydrate-Related Changes In Sweetpotato Storage Roots During Development, Don R. La Bonte, David H. Picha, Hester A. Johnson

Faculty Publications

The quantity and pattern of carbohydrate-related changes during storage root development differed among six sweetpotato cultivars [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir. 'Beauregard', 'Heart-o-Gold', 'Jewel', 'Rojo Blanco', 'Travis', and 'White Star']. Measurements were taken for individual sugars, total sugars, alcohol-insoluble solids (AIS, crude starch), and dry weight (DW) at 2-week intervals from 7 to 19 weeks after transplanting (WAT) in two separate years. Sucrose was the major sugar during all stages of development, representing at least 68% of total sugars across all cultivars and dates. Pairwise comparisons showed 'Heart-o-Gold' had the highest sucrose content among the cultivars. Sucrose content increased by 56% …

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Chromosome 17 Aneusomy Detected By Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization In Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinomas And Synchronous Vulvar Skin, J. Andrew Carlson, Kara Healy, Tien Anh Tran, John Malfetano, Vincent L. Wilson, Angela Rohwedder, Jeffrey S. Ross Jan 2000

Chromosome 17 Aneusomy Detected By Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization In Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinomas And Synchronous Vulvar Skin, J. Andrew Carlson, Kara Healy, Tien Anh Tran, John Malfetano, Vincent L. Wilson, Angela Rohwedder, Jeffrey S. Ross

Faculty Publications

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) affects a spectrum of women with granulomatous vulvar diseases, human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, and chronic inflammatory vulvar dermatoses. To determine whether there is evidence of chromosomal instability occurring in synchronous skin surrounding vulvar SCCs, we investigated abnormalities in chromosome 17 copy number. Samples of SCC, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), and surrounding vulvar skin were obtained from all vulvar excisions performed for squamous neoplasia at Albany Medical College from 1996 to 1997. Histological categorization, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for the α satellite region of chromosome 17, DNA content by image analysis, and Ki-67 labeling were …

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Arrangements And Local Systems, Daniel C. Cohen, Peter Orlik Jan 2000

Arrangements And Local Systems, Daniel C. Cohen, Peter Orlik

Faculty Publications

We use stratified Morse theory to construct a complex to compute the cohomology of the complement of a hyperplane arrangement with coefficients in a complex rank one local system. The linearization of this complex is shown to be the Aomoto complex of the arrangement. Using this result, we establish the relationship between the cohomology support loci of the complement and the resonance varieties of the Orlik-Solomon algebra for any arrangement, and show that the latter are unions of subspace arrangements in general, resolving a conjecture of Falk. We also obtain lower bounds for the local system Betti numbers in terms …

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Freezing Tolerance And Nonstructural Carbohydrate Composition Of Carpetgrass (Axonopus Affinis Chase), Edward Bush, Paul Wilson, Dennis Shepard, James Mccrimmon Jan 2000

Freezing Tolerance And Nonstructural Carbohydrate Composition Of Carpetgrass (Axonopus Affinis Chase), Edward Bush, Paul Wilson, Dennis Shepard, James Mccrimmon

Faculty Publications

An experiment to determine the nonstructural carbohydrate composition and nodal survival (LT50) of common carpetgrass was conducted between 1993 and 1994 at Baton Rouge, La. Nonstructural carbohydrates in stolons were primarily sucrose [70-130 mg · g-1 dry weight (DW)] and starch (8-33 mg · g-1 DW). Total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) composition of stolons ranged between 30 to 165 mg · g-1 DW. Node survival following exposure to 2 °C ranged from 0% in August-sampled grass to 48% in December. The LT50 following acclimation under field conditions was -2 to -4 °C. Environmental factors influenced nonstructural carbohydrate composition, partitioning, and node …

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Enhancement Of Seed Germination In Common Carpetgrass And Centipedegrass Seed, Edward W. Bush, Paul Wilson, Dennis P. Shepard, Gloria Mcclure Jan 2000

Enhancement Of Seed Germination In Common Carpetgrass And Centipedegrass Seed, Edward W. Bush, Paul Wilson, Dennis P. Shepard, Gloria Mcclure

Faculty Publications

Priming or presoaking seed of common carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis Chase) and centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides Munro. (Kunz)] increased germination percentage and decreased mean time of germination (MTG) at 20, 25, and 30 °C. The effect of presoaking and priming was dependent on grass species and temperature. The optimum seed germination temperature for both of these warm-season species was 30 °C. Maximum effect on common carpetgrass or centipedegrass seeds was achieved by priming in 2% KNO3; higher concentrations did not improve germination percentage or MTG, and 4% was in some cases detrimental. Germination was higher and MTG lower at 20 and 30 …

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Transport And Magnetic Measurements Of Mono -Silicides., Ncholu Ignatius Manyala Jan 2000

Transport And Magnetic Measurements Of Mono -Silicides., Ncholu Ignatius Manyala

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the magnetic and transport properties of the dilution series connecting the mono-silicides FeSi, CoSi, and MnSi. We have focused on these materials since they allow the exploration of carrier doping of an unusual insulator, FeSi, whose properties are dominated by strong Coulomb interactions. These monosilicides all have the same cubic B-20 crystal structure making them ideal for an exploration of Fe1--x MnxSi and Fe1--yCoySi for all x and y between 0 and 1. The carrier sip and densities, as well as the proximity to magnetic phases can be controlled by the level …

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The Voice Of The People: Reasons Laypersons Support K--12 Art Education., Lucienne Bond Simon Jan 2000

The Voice Of The People: Reasons Laypersons Support K--12 Art Education., Lucienne Bond Simon

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

In the midst of generating theory for classrooms, philosophizing on the meaning and relevance of art education, determining policy and practices for classrooms, even providing advocacy literature in favor of art education, few references have been made to laypersons' ideas about art education. Lest the layperson (non-art education professional)---the "human element" [Pinar, Reynolds, Slattery, & Taubman, 1995, p. 102)---be overlooked, disregarded, and/or marginalized from considerations about art education, their ideas must be solicited, honored, and respected. Since the mission of art education is to educate future laypersons and not (necessarily) future artists, members of the profession as well as policymakers …

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The Financial And Operational Performance Implications Of Compensation Practices: A Study Of Relative Wage Practices And Pay Structures., Mark Patton Brown Jan 2000

The Financial And Operational Performance Implications Of Compensation Practices: A Study Of Relative Wage Practices And Pay Structures., Mark Patton Brown

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This research examines the organizational performance implications of relative wage strategies and pay structures. Organizations' relative wage strategies and pay structures are key characteristics useful in describing and delimiting various compensation systems, and are therefore particularly relevant for evaluation at the organizational level. The organizational performance implications of organizations' relative wage strategies and pay structures are investigated in terms of both operational and financial indicators of organizational performance. Initially, relevant theory and past research on relative wage strategies and pay structures are discussed. Following this, hypotheses are developed that predict the operational and financial performance implications of pay structures and …

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Regional Differences In Understanding Between Two Groups Of High School Science Students On A Complex Environmental Science Concept Known As The Dead Zone Of The Gulf Of Mexico: A Web -Based Approach., Sharon Ann Flanagan Jan 2000

Regional Differences In Understanding Between Two Groups Of High School Science Students On A Complex Environmental Science Concept Known As The Dead Zone Of The Gulf Of Mexico: A Web -Based Approach., Sharon Ann Flanagan

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The main research focus of this study was on the regional differences in understanding of two groups of high school science students for a complex environmental scientific phenomenon known as the Dead Zone of the Gulf of Mexico. Participating high school students were drawn from Dead Zone source and effect areas---Iowa chemistry students and Louisiana environmental science students. Students were given a pre- and postinstructional survey concerning environmental issues---including the issue of the Dead Zone or hypoxia of the Gulf of Mexico. The treatment group visited a web site on the Dead Zone constructed for this study, and interacted with …

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A Case Study Of The Developing Literacy Of African -American Learners Attending A Tutoring Program At An Urban African -American Church., Gayle Williams Duskin Jan 2000

A Case Study Of The Developing Literacy Of African -American Learners Attending A Tutoring Program At An Urban African -American Church., Gayle Williams Duskin

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study describes the literate abilities of a group of upper level elementary African-American school children who participated in an urban, African-American, church-sponsored, after-school tutorial program. Using an ethnographic research method, I relied on field notes, audio-taped interviews, and writing samples to collect and analyze the data. The participants in the study were six subjects (five females and one male, ages 10 to 12) who were enrolled in the tutorial program. Over the course of seven months (October, 1997 to May, 1998), I observed all activities in which writing literacy took place at the tutorial program. From this observation three …

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An Investigation Of Intra -Strategic Group Profiles, Performance And Reputation., Tamela Dawn Ferguson Jan 2000

An Investigation Of Intra -Strategic Group Profiles, Performance And Reputation., Tamela Dawn Ferguson

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Current strategic group research generally provides collectively meaningful assessments of strategic group averages or median-based profiles. While this approach facilitates inter-group contrasts and performance predictions, potentially valuable information contained in intra-group differences (i.e., core-periphery-fringe zones) typically is overlooked. This multi-study research adopts a more fine-grained approach to strategic group analysis by investigating intra-group competitive profile and performance differences across such zones, both within and across groups. Study I of this series identifies intra-strategic group zones that differ in strategic competitive profile and performance. Study II assesses how strategic groups and related intra-group zones might change over time, the stability of …

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Behavioral Outcome Of Preschoolers Exposed Prenatally To Cocaine: The Role Of The Caregiving Environment., Veronica L. Haynes Jan 2000

Behavioral Outcome Of Preschoolers Exposed Prenatally To Cocaine: The Role Of The Caregiving Environment., Veronica L. Haynes

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study evaluated the long-term effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on child behavioral outcome at age 5 years, while considering the influence of the postnatal caregiving environment indicated by maternal drug use, maternal psychological functioning, and parenting quality. Behavioral outcome was measured by parent-reported behavior problems on the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist. Subjects were 210 preschoolers (107 cocaine-exposed and 103 nondrug-exposed) and their biological mothers drawn from a larger cohort of mother-child pairs enrolled at birth in a longitudinal study evaluating the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children prenatally exposed to cocaine. The relationships among prenatal cocaine exposure, maternal adaptation (i.e., maternal …

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Environmental Voting In Congress., John Christopher Howell Jan 2000

Environmental Voting In Congress., John Christopher Howell

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This research project is designed to explore the field of voting on environmental issues in the House of Representatives. A variety of factors are considered in determining why representatives vote as they do; among those factors are party identification, ideology, gender, and region of the country. Special attention is devoted to the difference between those environmental issues in which private property rights are involved and those in which property rights are not at issue. The research project consists of four case studies, each one of an environmental issue. Each case study describes the issue and explains why it is pertinent …

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The Early Local And Regional Immune Response To Recall Inoculations Of Mycobacterium Leprae In The Skin Of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta)., Thomas Xavier D Lemarchand Jan 2000

The Early Local And Regional Immune Response To Recall Inoculations Of Mycobacterium Leprae In The Skin Of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta)., Thomas Xavier D Lemarchand

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Epidemiological studies have failed to show any important impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and disease on leprosy, in contrast to the well documented increase in incidence and morbidity with other mycobacteria in these patients, notably Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The early events following exposure and repeated exposure to Mycobacterium leprae (ML) have not still been studied. Previous studies of first inoculations of ML in the skin of rhesus monkeys have indicated delayed recruitment of CD4+ cells and delayed interleukin (IL) 2 secretion in skin inoculation sites in simian immunodeficiency (SIV) positive animals. The development of the secondary immune response against …

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Developing Students' Understanding Of Similar Figures: A Perceptual Approach., Danny Ray Mcnabb Jan 2000

Developing Students' Understanding Of Similar Figures: A Perceptual Approach., Danny Ray Mcnabb

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Children encounter and recognize similar figures in their everyday experiences with such things as basketballs, soccer balls, tennis balls, ping-pong balls; or a candy bar that comes in various sizes of the same shape. Yet their school experience with the mathematics of similarity generally does not build on these perceptual intuitions. Traditional mathematics curricula bypass students' visual intuitions and their quantitative understandings, proceeding directly to set piece problems solved by formal algebraic methods. The result for many students is that the topic of similarity contributes to their evolving view of mathematics as a domain of complex procedural methods divorced from …

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Shaping The Subject In "La Chanson De Roland" And In Hermann Broch's "Der Tod Des Virgil", Thomas Lee Miller Jan 2000

Shaping The Subject In "La Chanson De Roland" And In Hermann Broch's "Der Tod Des Virgil", Thomas Lee Miller

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation explores two texts, each of a different era, language and culture, to discover what they may each tell us about the role played by writing in the construction of subjectivity. Accordingly, the first part of the dissertation departs from custom in treating La Chanson de Roland less as a repository of accumulated oral performance than as a document of singular textual integrity. Militating against the premise of textual unity is the uncontested fact that the Roland is clearly divided into two distinct narrative panels. This reading reveals the manner in which the writer of the Roland integrates the …

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Using A Behavioral Economic Assessment To Evaluate Stimulus Preferences And To Predict Treatment Outcomes For Aberrant Behavior., Henry Stanley Roane Jan 2000

Using A Behavioral Economic Assessment To Evaluate Stimulus Preferences And To Predict Treatment Outcomes For Aberrant Behavior., Henry Stanley Roane

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Problem behavior (e.g., self-injury, aggression, and disruption) may impede the development of many individuals with disabilities. These behaviors may occur for many reasons (Iwata et al., 1994). Most problem behaviors are controlled by social stimuli; however, for some individuals, problem behavior occurs independent of the social environment (i.e., by automatic reinforcement). That is, an individual may engage in these behaviors regardless of what is occurring around them. Presumably the behavior persists because the behavior produces (or alleviates) some type of stimulation. As such, the reinforcer for the behavior can not be controlled directly, making behaviors maintained by automatic reinforcement difficult …

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Individualized Levels Treatment Packages For Severe Problem Behaviors In Persons With Developmental Disabilities., Karena Suzanne Rush Jan 2000

Individualized Levels Treatment Packages For Severe Problem Behaviors In Persons With Developmental Disabilities., Karena Suzanne Rush

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Levels treatment packages are widely used across many populations and settings. Most packages involve standardized procedures implemented across multiple participants. The current investigation examined the treatment efficacy of individualized levels treatment packages based on the results of functional analyses and systematic preference assessments. Three individuals with developmental disabilities participated in the study. Destructive behaviors for each participant were maintained by positive reinforcement. For one participant, destructive behaviors were maintained by negative reinforcement as well. The levels treatment packages consisted of two or three levels in which the density of attention and access to preferred materials were altered based on the …

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Resource -Based, Strategic Group, And Industry Influences On Firm Performance., Jeremy Collin Short Jan 2000

Resource -Based, Strategic Group, And Industry Influences On Firm Performance., Jeremy Collin Short

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation examines resource-based, strategic group, and industry influences on firm performance. The resource-based view of the firm and strategic groups research are two areas of organizational inquiry that have lacked both theoretical as well as empirical integration. This dissertation provides a critical first step towards that end. Three papers are presented that first develop---and then test---resource-based and strategic group influences on organizational performance. The primary findings of this dissertation are threefold. First, variance in organizational performance exists both within and between strategic groups. Second, the degree to which firm, group, and industry explained variance in organizational performance varied based …

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Country Of Origin, Date Of Entry, And English Speaking Ability As Predictors Of Immigrant Afdc And Ssi Usage., Rebel Mary Reavis Jan 2000

Country Of Origin, Date Of Entry, And English Speaking Ability As Predictors Of Immigrant Afdc And Ssi Usage., Rebel Mary Reavis

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Immigration flows into the United States have changed over the last few decades. Before the 1960s, immigrants came mainly from European countries. Since the 1960s, immigrants coming from third world countries have increased while those from European countries have relatively decreased. This changing immigration pattern has sparked passionate debate over immigration policy and its role in adding members to welfare recipient rolls. Researchers have not come to an agreement on how to best examine immigrant welfare receipt. There is disagreement about immigrant status definitions, unit of analysis choices, and welfare measurements. These theoretical and methodological choices influence research results and, …

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Dna Alkylation And Its Repair In Small Fish Species., Thomas James Vicek Jan 2000

Dna Alkylation And Its Repair In Small Fish Species., Thomas James Vicek

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Mechanisms of DNA alkylation and repair were investigated in 3 small fish species. Following aqueous exposure to either N-methyl- N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or ethyl methanesulfonate, the hepatic DNA from the western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, was analyzed for alkyl-DNA adducts via high performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Although potential tissue detection limits ranged from 14--101 fmoles of alkyl adducts/mg tissue, no alkyl-DNA adducts were detected in the exposed tissues. To assess the potential repair of alkyl-DNA adducts in 2 other small fish species, alkyltransferase activities within hepatic protein extracts of the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, and Gambusia affinis were determined using …

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Biometrical Models For Predicting Future Performance In Plant Breeding., Monica Graciela Balzarini Jan 2000

Biometrical Models For Predicting Future Performance In Plant Breeding., Monica Graciela Balzarini

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The plant breeding process begins with the selection of parents and crosses. Promising progeny from these crosses progress through a series of selection stages that typically culminate in multi-environment trials. I evaluated best linear unbiased predictors (BLUP), other predictors and prediction models at the initial (cross prediction), early replicated testing and late (multi-location) stages of a sugarcane breeding selection cycle. Model and predictor accuracy was assessed in the first two stages by using cross-validation procedures. I compared statistical models of progeny test data in their ability to predict the cross performance of untested sugarcane crosses. Random parental effect predictors and …

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Anxiety And Orange Blossoms: Sexual Economics In Wedding Texts By Grace Lumpkin, Eudora Welty, And Alice Childress., Ida Maxwell Wells Jan 2000

Anxiety And Orange Blossoms: Sexual Economics In Wedding Texts By Grace Lumpkin, Eudora Welty, And Alice Childress., Ida Maxwell Wells

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study examines how problematic representations of brides reflect anxiety about women's roles in the marriage market of the early twentieth-century United States in Grace Lumpkin's The Wedding, Eudora Welty's Delta Wedding, and Alice Childress's Wedding Band: A Love /Hate Story in Black and White. The study develops a theoretical model of stages young women negotiate in order to participate in the sexual economic process underlying the marriage exchange: initiate, self-fashioner, marriageable woman, bride, wife, and mother. In moving through these stages, the young woman increasingly loses her identity as she fashions herself into the socially-constructed persona "lady," or marriageable …

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Suburbianation: Reading Suburban Landscape In Twentieth -Century American Fiction And Film., Robert Andrew Beuka Jan 2000

Suburbianation: Reading Suburban Landscape In Twentieth -Century American Fiction And Film., Robert Andrew Beuka

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

In the years following the end of World War II, a new kind of landscape emerged in the United States, one that would immeasurably alter the way Americans think about place. Critics and commentators greeted the emergence of the environment we know as "suburbia" with a mixed reaction: for some, the suburbs represented the material embodiment of the "American Dream"; for others, architectural and environmental homogeneity marked the new suburbs as an alienating, even dangerous terrain. In the half-century since the onset of mass-suburbanization, the United States---which has, by now, become a primarily suburban nation---has continued to struggle with the …

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Factors Influencing The Retention Of Adult Volunteer Leaders In The Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service 4 -H Program., Ismet Boz Jan 2000

Factors Influencing The Retention Of Adult Volunteer Leaders In The Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service 4 -H Program., Ismet Boz

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The main purpose of this study was to determine contributions adult volunteer leaders make for 4-H and to identify factors influencing the retention of adult volunteer 4-H leaders in the Louisiana Cooperative Extension 4-H Program. A random sample of 196 adult volunteer 4-H leaders from 10 Louisiana parishes were the participants of this study. The data collection instrument was pre-tested for reliability and yielded a .96 Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient for its 84 scale items. Anticipating approximately a 50% response rate, 400 surveys were mailed out in September, 1999. After two attempts were made for follow-up 218 usable surveys …

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