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Protein Aggregation Studies: Inhibiting And Encouraging Β-Amyloid Aggregation, Jed Paul Aucoin Jan 2004

Protein Aggregation Studies: Inhibiting And Encouraging Β-Amyloid Aggregation, Jed Paul Aucoin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This work demonstrates peptide-based aggregation mediation of fibril forming peptides, notably β-amyloid (1-40), Aβ1-40. To achieve the goals of this work, Aβ1-40 aggregation was governed by ionic strength, temperature, and pH. After controlling and reproducing Aβ1-40 aggregate formation (fibrils), each peptide-based aggregation mediator was evaluated for its ability to self-aggregate and to possess surface-active properties. The incorporation of these mediators in Aβ1-40 solutions changed the surface tension and produced aggregate complexes of mediator and Aβ1-40. Evidence that Aβ1-40 fibril formation may be mediated by disorder-to-order transitions has been observed by layer formation …

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Chemical Production Complex Optimization, Pollution Reduction And Sustainable Development, Aimin Xu Jan 2004

Chemical Production Complex Optimization, Pollution Reduction And Sustainable Development, Aimin Xu

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The objective of this research is to propose, develop and demonstrate chemical production complex optimization to determine the optimal configuration of chemical plants in a superstructure of possible plants. The Chemical Complex Analysis System is a new methodology that has been developed to determine the best configuration of plants in a chemical production complex based on the AIChE Total Cost Assessment (TCA) for economic, energy, environmental and sustainable costs. All new, energy-efficient, and environmentally acceptable plants using greenhouse gases that can produce potentially commercial products designed with HYSYS were integrated into the chemical complex using the System. The optimum configuration …

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Isolation And Characterization Of Carbonic Anhydrase From Ostertagia Ostertagi, Andrew Allan Derosa Jan 2004

Isolation And Characterization Of Carbonic Anhydrase From Ostertagia Ostertagi, Andrew Allan Derosa

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The first event in the infection process of Ostertagia ostertagi in cattle is the process of exsheathment. Before trichostrongylid nematodes can transition from a free-living infective stage larva (L3) on pasture to a parasitic existence within the ruminant host, it must first undergo exsheathment. Exsheathment is the process whereby the L2 cuticle retained from the previous molt is cast from the L3. Exsheathment enables the developmental transition from a free-living stage on pasture to a parasitic existence in the bovine host. For those species with a predilection site in the abomasum, such as O. ostertagi, …

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Haunted By The Uncanny - Development Of A Genre From The Late Eighteenth To The Late Nineteenth Century, Alexandra Maria Reuber Jan 2004

Haunted By The Uncanny - Development Of A Genre From The Late Eighteenth To The Late Nineteenth Century, Alexandra Maria Reuber

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation traces the development of the supernatural from the late eighteenth to the late nineteenth-century. Since supernatural elements are unknown and unfamiliar, they easily arouse anxiety, fear, and even result in terror. As such they produce the effect of the uncanny and introduce the psychological component into the selected literary corpus taken from the English Gothic novel, the German Schauerroman, and the French littérature fantastique. The analysis of the selected material is based on a psychoanalytical approach using Sigmund Freud’s understanding of the uncanny, his dream analysis, and his view of the conscious and unconscious, but also considers Carl …

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Dynamic Performance Of Bridges And Vehicles Under Strong Wind, Suren Chen Jan 2004

Dynamic Performance Of Bridges And Vehicles Under Strong Wind, Suren Chen

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The record of span length for flexible bridges has been broken with the development of modern materials and construction techniques. With the increase of bridge span, the dynamic response of the bridge becomes more significant under external wind action and traffic loads. The present research targets specifically on dynamic performance of bridges as well as the transportation under strong wind. The dissertation studied the coupled vibration features of bridges under strong wind. The current research proposed the modal coupling assessment technique for bridges. A closed-form spectral solution and a practical methodology are provided to predict coupled multimode vibration without actually …

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Genetics And Functions Of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Membrane Proteins In Virus-Induced Cell Fusion, Virion Morphogenesis And Egress, Jeffrey Michael Melancon Jan 2004

Genetics And Functions Of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Membrane Proteins In Virus-Induced Cell Fusion, Virion Morphogenesis And Egress, Jeffrey Michael Melancon

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The Herpes Simplex Virus life cycle contains a number of membrane fusion events that must function properly to ensure a productive infection, including: virus attachment and entry into susceptible cells, de-envelopment at the outer nuclear lamellae, and virus-induced cell-to-cell fusion. A virus-free cell fusion assay was recently developed in order to attempt to understand the underlying mechanisms that are responsible for viral fusion events and was utilized in order to investigate the effect of mutations targeted to the carboxyl terminus of gB. We showed that the predicted alpha helical domain H17b within the carboxyl-terminus of gB is involved in both …

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African American Women Administrators In Higher Education: Exploring The Challenges And Experiences At Louisiana Public Colleges And Universities, Germaine Monquenette Becks-Moody Jan 2004

African American Women Administrators In Higher Education: Exploring The Challenges And Experiences At Louisiana Public Colleges And Universities, Germaine Monquenette Becks-Moody

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study explores the challenges that African American women administrators experience as professionals in public institutions of higher education and the strategies they employ to cope with the resulting conflicts. It uses Black Feminism and the five dimensions as a framework for understanding the challenges and experiences. The five dimensions that characterize Black Feminist Thought are: 1) core themes of a Black woman's standpoint; 2) variation of responses to core themes; 3) interdependence of experience and consciousness; 4) consciousness and the struggle for a self-defined standpoint; and 5) interdependence of thought and action. Interviews and participant observations were conducted with …

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Applications Of The Titanium Catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation Towards Natural Product Syntheses, Jongtae Yang Jan 2004

Applications Of The Titanium Catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation Towards Natural Product Syntheses, Jongtae Yang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Recently an efficient methodology, a hetero Pauson-Khand reaction, based on titanium-catalyzed cyclocarbonylation of tethered enals for the general preparation of ¥ã-butyrolactone rings, which are typically embedded in polycyclic systems of many natural products was reported. To demonstrate this new strategy, the total syntheses of the natural products asteriscanolide and ginkgolide were investigated. The first part of this work is dedicated to synthetic efforts toward the total synthesis of asteriscanolide. Approaches highlighted by the [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement, the thermal silyloxy-Cope rearrangement, and a titanium-catalyzed cyclocarbonylation, which is the pivotal step to afford the ¥ã-butyrolactone ring. This study firmly established the utility of …

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Replication Of Metal-Based High-Aspect Microscale Structures By High Temperature Micromolding, Dongmei Cao Jan 2004

Replication Of Metal-Based High-Aspect Microscale Structures By High Temperature Micromolding, Dongmei Cao

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In microsystem technology a large range of materials will be available only after the necessary microfabrication technologies have been developed or adapted. More than a decade ago, the existing microfabrication technologies were restricted to structuring and shaping techniques producing three-dimensional microstructures out of silicon, mostly unfilled plastics or a few pure metals or binary alloys. However, the choice of materials for microcomponents is determined by the function and conditions of use of microsystems. Some microdevices can only work well when made of specific metal components. To meet this need, several microfabrication techniques have been developed, such as second electroforming of …

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Thermodynamic Characterization Of Dna Binding By Type I Dna Polymerases From Thermus Aquaticus And Escherichia Coli, Kausiki Datta Jan 2004

Thermodynamic Characterization Of Dna Binding By Type I Dna Polymerases From Thermus Aquaticus And Escherichia Coli, Kausiki Datta

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

DNA binding of the DNA polymerase I from Thermus aquaticus (Taq and Klentaq fragment) and E. coli (Klenow fragment) have been studied as a function of [salt] and temperature in order to understand their DNA binding thermodynamics. Binding of the two different species of polymerases occurs with sub-micromolar affinities in very different salt concentration ranges. Thus, at similar [KCl] the binding of Klenow is ~ 3kcal/mol (150X) tighter than the binding of Taq/Klentaq. Linkage analysis of the [KCl] dependence of DNA binding at 25°C reveals a net release of 2-3 ions for Taq/Klentaq and 4-5 ions for Klenow. DNA binding …

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Do Speculative Short Sellers Detect Earnings Management?, Yan Zhang Jan 2004

Do Speculative Short Sellers Detect Earnings Management?, Yan Zhang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This paper examines empirically whether sophisticated speculative short sellers can detect earnings management by targeting stocks with large income-increasing discretionary accruals and high total accruals. Prior research indicates that total accruals are overpriced and this overpricing is largely attributable to the mispricing of discretionary accruals. Recent studies show that neither auditors nor financial analysts utilize information in accruals. Using samples of 11,537 firm-quarter observations and 5,118 firm-year observations for 1,146 12/31 non-financial NYSE firms from 1992 to 1999, I find supporting evidence those speculative short sellers can detect earnings management using financial accounting information disclosed in 10-Q and 10-K report. …

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Text, Context, And Identities In Pointe Coupee, Louisiana: Six Young Women Positioned As Writers, Patricia Meeks Smith Jan 2004

Text, Context, And Identities In Pointe Coupee, Louisiana: Six Young Women Positioned As Writers, Patricia Meeks Smith

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Texts are contextualized¡Xtied to times, tied to places, and tied to the people who live in those times and places. This dissertation is based on a study of writing and identity set at Catholic High School in Pointe Coupee, Louisiana. For their senior English class, the six young women participating in the study produced a number of pieces of writing of various types, contrasting in genre, length, content, and register. These kinds of writing represent varying discourse practices, and it was within these practices that the young women positioned themselves or were positioned by influences in their social context. The …

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The Non-Phosphorus Effects Of Dietary Phytase In Swine And Poultry, Jason Layne Shelton Jan 2004

The Non-Phosphorus Effects Of Dietary Phytase In Swine And Poultry, Jason Layne Shelton

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This research was conducted to determine the non-phosphorus effects of phytase in diets for swine and poultry. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of phytase addition on energy availability and protein and fat deposition in growing pigs. Results from this experiment indicated that phytase had small positive effects on energy availability, protein deposition, and fat deposition. In this study, 23 of 29 response variables were at least numerically increased with phytase addition. Two experiments were conducted to determine the accuracy of the energy and amino acid matrix values for Natuphos 1200 in broilers from 0 to 21 or …

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Behavioral And Electrophysiological Assessment Of Children With A Specific Temporal Processing Disorder, Annette Hurley Jan 2004

Behavioral And Electrophysiological Assessment Of Children With A Specific Temporal Processing Disorder, Annette Hurley

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Auditory processing disorders (APDs) have received considerable attention over the past few decades. Much of the attention has focused on the controversy surrounding the operational definition of APD, the heterogeneous nature of APD, and an appropriate test battery for APD assessment. Temporal processing deficits are one characteristic of APD and are the focus of the present investigation. This investigation reports behavioral and early electrophysiological measures in a group of children with specific temporal processing difficulties and an age-matched control group. In an effort to better describe the subjects, two language tests and the SCAN-C were administered. Significant differences were found …

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Morphological Evolution And Instabilities Of Solid Thin Films And Wires, Wanxi Kan Jan 2004

Morphological Evolution And Instabilities Of Solid Thin Films And Wires, Wanxi Kan

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation can be divided into four parts. In part I (Chapter 2), the diffusion controlled growth of multiple compound phases is studied with the nonlinear Kirkendall effect included. This part analyzes the growth of N compound phases. The method of finding intrinsic diffusion coefficients from only the positions of interfaces is found for two layers. In addition, the asymptotic analysis valid for small concentration gradients is applied to the “multi-foil” method of measuring intrinsic diffusion coefficients and yields an analytic solution for the displacement curve. A bounded solid film on a substrate can breakup from the edge into islands …

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Estimation Of The Effect Of Misclassifications On Diagnostic Test Performance In Two Persistent Bovine Viral Infections, Kimberly Orr Jan 2004

Estimation Of The Effect Of Misclassifications On Diagnostic Test Performance In Two Persistent Bovine Viral Infections, Kimberly Orr

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Validation of diagnostic assay performance is hampered where no gold standard exists. Bayesian estimates of the sensitivity and specificity were applied to studies of two persistent bovine infections: bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). BVDV pathogenesis is well described. Losses of $20 million in 1992 alone led the Danish government to mandate eradication. Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were developed; one antibody-based to detect exposure, one antigen-based to detect persistent infection. Bayesian estimates of the sensitivity and specificity were 96.6% and 99.2%, and 98.2% and 99.8% for the antibody and antigen ELISA, respectively. Maximum Likelihood …

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The Significance Of Selected Piano Compositions By Pancho Vladigerov, Boriana Kojouharova Buckles Jan 2004

The Significance Of Selected Piano Compositions By Pancho Vladigerov, Boriana Kojouharova Buckles

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study examines selected compositions for piano by Pancho Vladigerov - the Three Pieces for Piano, Opus 15, Bulgarian Rhapsody, Opus 16, Shumen Miniatures, Opus 29, and Improvisation and Toccata, from Episodes, Opus 36. These pieces strongly represent the various periods and stylistic trends of the composer. They are also among Vladigerov's most popular and frequently performed piano compositions. The first chapter provides a brief biography of Pancho Vladigerov and an overview of his most important compositions. Chapter Two contains an overview of the solo piano works of Vladigerov. Chapter Three examines the selected piano compositions from a formal and …

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A Distributed Quadtree Dictionary Approach To Multi-Resolution Visualization Of Scattered Neutron Data, Rion Dooley Jan 2004

A Distributed Quadtree Dictionary Approach To Multi-Resolution Visualization Of Scattered Neutron Data, Rion Dooley

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Grid computing is described as dependable, seamless, pervasive access to resources and services, whereas mobile computing allows the movement of people from place to place while staying connected to resources at each location. Mobile grid computing is a new computing paradigm, which joins these two technologies by enabling access to the collection of resources within a user's virtual organization while still maintaining the freedom of mobile computing through a service paradigm. A major problem in virtual organization is needs mismatch, in which one resources requests a service from another resources it is unable to fulfill, since virtual organizations are necessarily …

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The Mitigation Of Asymmetric Information Through The Use Of Earnouts, David Robert Beard Jan 2004

The Mitigation Of Asymmetric Information Through The Use Of Earnouts, David Robert Beard

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

We examine the use of a contracting method in mergers and acquisitions known as an earnout. In this type of transaction, the bidder agrees to pay the target an initial amount for the acquisition plus future payments contingent on the achievement of performance milestones. Theory suggests that the contingent payment associated with earnouts should reduce adverse selection problems facing both parties in the merger. The purpose of this dissertation is to study the ability of earnouts to mitigate problems associated with asymmetric information and problem of agency. Specifically, we answer the following questions in analyzing these transactions. First, empirical evidence …

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An Original Composition, Concerto For Piano And Orchestra, And An Analysis Of Camargo Guarnieri's Concerto No. 5 Para Piano E Orquestra, Liduino Jose Pitombeira De Oliveira Jan 2004

An Original Composition, Concerto For Piano And Orchestra, And An Analysis Of Camargo Guarnieri's Concerto No. 5 Para Piano E Orquestra, Liduino Jose Pitombeira De Oliveira

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation is in two parts. The first part is an original composition, "Concerto for Piano and Orchestra." The second part is an analysis of Brazilian composer Camargo Guarnieri's "Concerto No. 5 para Piano e Orquestra." I chose to analyze this work by Guarnieri because I am also a native from Brazil and I believe he is one of the most outstanding composers of the twentieth century. His wonderful mastery of both modern and traditional techniques of composition, the blending of these techniques with genuine folk and popular sonorities of his native culture, and a disciplined life entirely dedicated to …

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Synthesis, Characterization And Study Of Novel Reagents For The Detection Of Saccharides And Amino Acids, Nadia Nadette St. Luce Jan 2004

Synthesis, Characterization And Study Of Novel Reagents For The Detection Of Saccharides And Amino Acids, Nadia Nadette St. Luce

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The design of synthetic receptors for the recognition and sensing of saccharides and amino acids is currently a major challenge. This is due to inherent structural similarity and a lack of chromophoric or fluorophoric properties of these compounds. The synthesis and study of novel detection agents for bioactive molecules as well as mechanistic studies are presented herein. The elucidation of the mechanism by which tetraarylboronic acid resorcinarene interact with sugar molecules and promote a solution color change is explored. This vast collaborative study, reveals that DMSO solutions of boronic acid functionalized resorcinarene macrocycles afford visual color changes upon heating or …

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Analysis Of Bacterial Diversity And Biogeography At The Central Arizona-Phoenix Long Term Ecological Research (Cap Lter) Site, Brian Anthony Rash Jan 2004

Analysis Of Bacterial Diversity And Biogeography At The Central Arizona-Phoenix Long Term Ecological Research (Cap Lter) Site, Brian Anthony Rash

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The limiting factor involved in past assessments of soil bacterial diversity when using culture-independent techniques has often been the lack of sampling and replication. As a result, analyses of community structural shifts across soil environments have lacked statistical power. In this study, 23 16S rRNA gene clone libraries consisting of over 11,000 clones were constructed from soils at the Central Arizona Phoenix Long Term Ecological Research (CAP LTER) site. Subsequent ARDRA fingerprinting and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing allowed for a more robust investigation of various components that may explain any observed variations in bacterial species composition. The designated land …

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Attachment Of Oligonucleotide Probes To Polymer Biochips And Its Application For The Detection Of Point Mutations, Yun Wang Jan 2004

Attachment Of Oligonucleotide Probes To Polymer Biochips And Its Application For The Detection Of Point Mutations, Yun Wang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation is on the fabrication of polymer-based microfluidic arrays for the detection of genetic mutations. Poly(methyl methacrylate) was chosen as one of the polymer substrate materials due to its low background noise, low adsorption of biomolecules, and low assembly temperature. The surface modification of polymer substrates for covalent attachment of oligonucleotide probes, the construction of fluidic channels/arrays, and hybridization kinetics will be covered. As an example of the application, point mutation detection using immobilized arrays constructed in microfluidic devices will be demonstrated. The PMMA surface was derivatized with N-lithioethylenediamine solution to introduce amine groups, which were utilized for the …

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Investigation Of Insect-Weed Interactions In The Rice Agroecosystem, Kelly V. Tindall Jan 2004

Investigation Of Insect-Weed Interactions In The Rice Agroecosystem, Kelly V. Tindall

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Interactions between graminaceous weed and insect pests of rice and between management practices for these pests were investigated. Studies were conducted to examine preference and performance of rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, on several weeds commonly found in rice fields. Several weeds were more preferred than rice, and larvae were present on several dicotyledonous weeds, suggesting the host range of L. oryzophilus is broader than previously thought. Effects of the presence of barnyardgrass, (Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv.), on rice stink bugs, Oebalus pugnax F., and L. oryzophilus populations in rice fields were investigated. Presence of barnyardgrass and the synchrony …

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The Relation Between Knowledge Of Adhd And Treatment Acceptability In A Multi-Disciplinary Pediatric Clinic, Rebecca Owen Currier Jan 2004

The Relation Between Knowledge Of Adhd And Treatment Acceptability In A Multi-Disciplinary Pediatric Clinic, Rebecca Owen Currier

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Behavior modification and medication have been proven to be the most effective interventions for children with ADHD. For these treatments to be effective, utilization of mental health care services as well as compliance with treatment recommendations is necessary. There has been shown lower care utilization among minorities for the treatment of behavioral disorders. In addition, lack of adherence among these populations to ADHD treatment is not explained by SES, parenting stress, or family coping. An alternative explanation may be parental knowledge of ADHD and opinions of commonly used treatments. The present investigation examined the effect of a brief knowledge intervention …

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Performing Masculinities: U.S. Representations Of The Male Body In Performance Art Monologues, Darren C. Goins Jan 2004

Performing Masculinities: U.S. Representations Of The Male Body In Performance Art Monologues, Darren C. Goins

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this study, I describe and analyze the masculinities constructed in four performance art monologues staged in the US on Broadway. I examined Whoopi Goldberg’s 1984 performance Whoopi Goldberg Live, Lily Tomlin’s 1987 performance in Jane Wagner’s The Search for Signs of Intelligent Life in the Universe, Eric Bogosian’s 1990 performance Sex, Drugs, Rock & Roll, and John Leguizamo’s 1998 performance Freak: A Semi-Demi-Quasi-Pseudo Autobiography. My method of analysis is a critical interpretation incorporating the lenses of Robert Connell and Victor Seidler. It is grounded in a social-cultural perspective using Arthur W. Frank’s “sociology of the body.” By means of …

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Adult Attachment Styles, Children's Self-Competence, And Children's Cognitive Ability: An Ecological Study, Elizabeth Benchea Block Jan 2004

Adult Attachment Styles, Children's Self-Competence, And Children's Cognitive Ability: An Ecological Study, Elizabeth Benchea Block

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study investigated children's perceived self-competence and its relationship to the social antecedent of adult attachment and the outcome of children's cognitive ability. Utilizing a predominantly African American sample, 154 mothers, 80 fathers and 205 children were included in this cross-sectional study of second and fourth grade children. Regression analyses indicated that the exploratory relationship between adult attachment as a predictor of children's self-competence was upheld with both second and fourth grade children of participating mothers and fathers. More specifically, maternal attachment was a significant predictor of second grade children's perceived physical competence, social acceptance, and maternal acceptance. Maternal attachment …

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A Longitudinal Study Of Adolescent Educational Aspirations And Their Relationship To College Choice Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling And Group-Based Mixture Modeling, Aruna Lakshmanan Jan 2004

A Longitudinal Study Of Adolescent Educational Aspirations And Their Relationship To College Choice Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling And Group-Based Mixture Modeling, Aruna Lakshmanan

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was four-fold: (1) to investigate the patterns of change in educational aspirations from the eighth grade through the twelfth in a large national sample of students from the National Educational Longitudinal Survey of 1988 (NELS:88); (2) to understand how demographic, socioeconomic, parental, academic, and school experience factors impact both initial aspirations and change in aspirations; (3) to investigate how educational aspirations relate to students’ attempts to actualize plans for postsecondary education; and (4) to analyze the data and compare the results obtained using two different growth modeling techniques – hierarchical linear modeling and group-based mixture …

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19th And 20th Century French Exoticism: Pierre Loti, Louis-Ferdinand Cé́Line, Michel Leiris, And Simone Schwarz-Bart, Robin Anita White Jan 2004

19th And 20th Century French Exoticism: Pierre Loti, Louis-Ferdinand Cé́Line, Michel Leiris, And Simone Schwarz-Bart, Robin Anita White

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study of four 19th and 20th century colonial texts, as well as a later postcolonial novel exposes the cadres exotiques, or exotic frameworks, of literary exoticism. The thesis names and interprets the moods of and reactions to exoticism, including colonial exoticism, antiexoticism, and autoexoticism. Poetic and theoretical interpretations of exoticism, such as Victor Segalen’s Notion du Divers and Edouard Glissant’s Opacité and Poétique de la Relation challenge the prevalent assumptions that the literary practice was only an unfortunate byproduct of colonialism. The first chapter presents literary history and theoretical considerations relating to exoticism: Orientalism, nostalgia, colonial literary history, and …

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Written Language Skills Of Middle And High School Students In An Alternative Program, Zuhar Rende Jan 2004

Written Language Skills Of Middle And High School Students In An Alternative Program, Zuhar Rende

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the written language skills of middle and high school students who were attending alternative programs in Southern California. The participants of this study were 114 students who were identified and served under Delinquency Prevention Program (DPP) and 83 students who were identified and served under Court Ordered Probation (COP). The Test of Written Language -3 (TOWL-3) (Hammill & Larsen, 1996) was administered to the participants in order to obtain written language measures. In addition, this study investigated whether any relationships exists between written language skills, academic measures and selected demographic characteristics of …

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