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Computational Investigations Of The Water Structure At The Α-Al2o3(0001)-Water Interface, Xiaoliu Zhang, Christopher G. Arges, Revati Kumar Aug 2023

Computational Investigations Of The Water Structure At The Α-Al2o3(0001)-Water Interface, Xiaoliu Zhang, Christopher G. Arges, Revati Kumar

Faculty Publications

The α-Al2O3(0001)-water interface is investigated using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. The spectral signatures of the vibrational sum frequency generation (vSFG) spectra of OH stretching mode for water molecules at the interface are related to the interfacial water orientation, hydrogen bond network, and water dissociation process at different water/alumina interfaces. Significant differences are found between alumina surfaces at different hydroxylation levels, namely, Al-terminated and O-terminated α-Al2O3(0001). By calculating the vibrational sum frequency generation spectrum and its imaginary component from AIMD results, the structure of interfacial waters as well as the termination of alumina slab are related to the spectral …

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Successful But Exhausted: The Effect Of Tokenism On Black Employees, Sydney Green Aug 2023

Successful But Exhausted: The Effect Of Tokenism On Black Employees, Sydney Green

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Despite organizations' efforts to reduce racial inequality in the workplace, White employees continue to outnumber Black employees in many organizations and workgroups. The present research investigates the cognitive performance of Black and White men experiencing different degrees of group racial representation and explores whether keeping their performance private reduces the effect of group racial representation. A sample recruited via Prolific included 491 men, (50.50% White and 49.50% Black), aged 18 to 65 years (M = 39.3, SD = 10.4) working in the U.S. at least 31 hours per week (M = 42.2, SD = 6.7). Using an online …

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An Occupant-Centric Energy Modeling And Simulation In Office Buildings, Seddigheh Norouziasl Aug 2023

An Occupant-Centric Energy Modeling And Simulation In Office Buildings, Seddigheh Norouziasl

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Building energy use is highly sensitive to occupants’ energy-related behaviors, including their presence and interaction with different building systems. Modeling and simulation of occupants’ energy-related behavior play an essential role in accurately predicting building energy consumption. Simplifying occupancy parameters in building performance simulation tools can lead to discrepancies between the simulated and actual building energy performance. The main goal of this research is to simulate the occupants’ energy-related behavior in office buildings and utilize the occupancy data to accurately predict building energy performance. Our objective is to increase building energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption while ensuring occupants' comfort, especially …

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On The Evaluation Of Entropy Threshold For Debonding During Crack Prorogation Using Dic Technique, A. Mahmoudi, M. R. Khosravani, M. M. Khonsari, Tamara Reinicke Aug 2023

On The Evaluation Of Entropy Threshold For Debonding During Crack Prorogation Using Dic Technique, A. Mahmoudi, M. R. Khosravani, M. M. Khonsari, Tamara Reinicke

Faculty Publications

The accumulated entropy at the crack tip of a semi-circular bending (SCB) specimen is investigated to obtain a threshold for material fracture and interatomic debonding. The presented approach uses the experimental data obtained from the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique and strain maps superposed to SCB specimens to measure the plastic flow at the crack tip. The Swift strain hardening model is utilized to calculate the stress domain at the crack tip and, consequently, the plastic strain energy and entropy accumulation. Results show that the crack surface propagates when the generated entropy at the crack tip reaches a critical limit. …

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Can Gulf Ribbed Mussels Enhance Coastal Restoration Projects In A Future With Climate Change?, Skylar Liner Aug 2023

Can Gulf Ribbed Mussels Enhance Coastal Restoration Projects In A Future With Climate Change?, Skylar Liner

LSU Master's Theses

Living shorelines present one restoration approach using biotic elements (via ecosystem engineers) to stabilize shorelines and increase valuable habitat. Gulf ribbed mussels (Geukensia granosissima) are important ecosystem engineers within brackish and salt marshes in the northern Gulf of Mexico, and can increase nutrient availability, enhance marsh vegetation production, and potentially improve shoreline stability. It is unknown whether mussels will maintain these functions as future climate change predicts increases in temperature and water level, which may exceed the mussel’s tolerance. A field survey conducted during the summer of 2022 identified the daily maximum temperature at the marsh surface, where mussels naturally …

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An Improved Framework For Estimating Organic Carbon Content Of Mangrove Soils Using Loss-On-Ignition And Coastal Environmental Setting, Joshua L. Breithaupt, Havalend E. Steinmuller, Andre S. Rovai, Kevin M. Engelbert, Joseph M. Smoak, Lisa G. Chambers, Kara R. Radabaugh, Ryan P. Moyer, Amanda Chappel, Derrick R. Vaughn, Thomas S. Bianchi, Robert R. Twilley, Paulo Pagliosa, Miguel Cifuentes-Jara, Danilo Torres Aug 2023

An Improved Framework For Estimating Organic Carbon Content Of Mangrove Soils Using Loss-On-Ignition And Coastal Environmental Setting, Joshua L. Breithaupt, Havalend E. Steinmuller, Andre S. Rovai, Kevin M. Engelbert, Joseph M. Smoak, Lisa G. Chambers, Kara R. Radabaugh, Ryan P. Moyer, Amanda Chappel, Derrick R. Vaughn, Thomas S. Bianchi, Robert R. Twilley, Paulo Pagliosa, Miguel Cifuentes-Jara, Danilo Torres

Faculty Publications

The use of loss on ignition (LOI) measurements of soil organic matter (SOM) to estimate soil organic carbon (OC) content is a decades-old practice. While there are limitations and uncertainties to this approach, it continues to be necessary for many coastal wetlands researchers and conservation practitioners without access to an elemental analyzer. Multiple measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) standards recognize the need (and uncertainty) for using this method. However, no framework exists to explain the substantial differences among equations that relate SOM to OC; consequently, equation selection can be a haphazard process leading to widely divergent and inaccurate estimates. To …

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Extreme Events And Impacts On Organic Carbon Cycles From Ocean Color Remote Sensing: Review With Case Study, Challenges, And Future Directions, Eurico J. D'Sa, Maria Tzortziou, Bingqing Liu Aug 2023

Extreme Events And Impacts On Organic Carbon Cycles From Ocean Color Remote Sensing: Review With Case Study, Challenges, And Future Directions, Eurico J. D'Sa, Maria Tzortziou, Bingqing Liu

Faculty Publications

Extreme events and disturbances (e.g., tropical cyclones, extreme precipitation, and flooding often associated with land falling storms) affect aquatic carbon (C) cycling at multiple spatiotemporal scales and are most impactful in the coastal ocean with highly connected ecosystems that include rivers, estuaries, wetlands, and the continental shelf. Satellite remote sensing with its synoptic and repeated coverage over large regions and across a range of environmental conditions - including severe weather and natural disasters, has the potential to greatly expand our ability to monitor and quantify the impacts of extreme events on C cycling, particularly in the coastal zone. This review …

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Trophic Amplification: A Model Intercomparison Of Climate Driven Changes In Marine Food Webs, Vianney Guibourd De Luzinais, Hubert Du Pontavice, Gabriel Reygondeau, Nicolas Barrier, Julia L. Blanchard, Virginie Bornarel, Matthias Büchner, William W.L. Cheung, Tyler D. Eddy, Jason D. Everett, Jerome Guiet, Cheryl S. Harrison, Olivier Maury, Camilla Novaglio, Colleen M. Petrik, Jeroen Steenbeek, Derek P. Tittensor, Didier Gascuel Aug 2023

Trophic Amplification: A Model Intercomparison Of Climate Driven Changes In Marine Food Webs, Vianney Guibourd De Luzinais, Hubert Du Pontavice, Gabriel Reygondeau, Nicolas Barrier, Julia L. Blanchard, Virginie Bornarel, Matthias Büchner, William W.L. Cheung, Tyler D. Eddy, Jason D. Everett, Jerome Guiet, Cheryl S. Harrison, Olivier Maury, Camilla Novaglio, Colleen M. Petrik, Jeroen Steenbeek, Derek P. Tittensor, Didier Gascuel

Faculty Publications

Marine animal biomass is expected to decrease in the 21st century due to climate driven changes in ocean environmental conditions. Previous studies suggest that the magnitude of the decline in primary production on apex predators could be amplified through the trophodynamics of marine food webs, leading to larger decreases in the biomass of predators relative to the decrease in primary production, a mechanism called trophic amplification. We compared relative changes in producer and consumer biomass or production in the global ocean to assess the extent of trophic amplification. We used simulations from nine marine ecosystem models (MEMs) from the Fisheries …

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Metabolomic Evenness Underlies Intraspecific Differences Among Lineages Of A Wetland Grass, Ana L. Salgado, Andrea E. Glassmire, Brian E. Sedio, Rodrigo Diaz, Michael J. Stout, Jan Čuda, Petr Pyšek, Laura A. Meyerson, James T. Cronin Aug 2023

Metabolomic Evenness Underlies Intraspecific Differences Among Lineages Of A Wetland Grass, Ana L. Salgado, Andrea E. Glassmire, Brian E. Sedio, Rodrigo Diaz, Michael J. Stout, Jan Čuda, Petr Pyšek, Laura A. Meyerson, James T. Cronin

Faculty Publications

The metabolome represents an important functional trait likely important to plant invasion success, but we have a limited understanding of whether the entire metabolome or targeted groups of compounds confer an advantage to invasive as compared to native taxa. We conducted a lipidomic and metabolomic analysis of the cosmopolitan wetland grass Phragmites australis. We classified features into metabolic pathways, subclasses, and classes. Subsequently, we used Random Forests to identify informative features to differentiate five phylogeographic and ecologically distinct lineages: European native, North American invasive, North American native, Gulf, and Delta. We found that lineages had unique phytochemical fingerprints, although there …

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Non-Target Potential Of Neonicotinoid And Fungicide Seed Cane Treatments On Solenopsis Invicta, Hannah J. Penn, Paul M. White, Blake E. Wilson, Randy T. Richard Aug 2023

Non-Target Potential Of Neonicotinoid And Fungicide Seed Cane Treatments On Solenopsis Invicta, Hannah J. Penn, Paul M. White, Blake E. Wilson, Randy T. Richard

Faculty Publications

Traditionally, Louisiana sugarcane has been grown vegetatively from whole stalks, but innovations in machinery and rising labor costs have increased interest in billet planting. Billets, short stalk pieces containing several viable eyes, are more susceptible to pathogen exposure and may require fungicide and/or insecticide applications at planting to increase stand potential. Work in other crops indicates such treatments may alter arthropod predator abundance, so the goal of this study was to evaluate the potential non-target effects of select treatments at planting on the red important fire ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta, and other arthropod predators of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis, …

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A Systematic Review On The Ecosystem Services Provided By Green Infrastructure, Daniel Jato-Espino, Fabio Capra-Ribeiro, Vanessa Moscardó, Leticia Bartolome Del Pino, Fernando Mayor-Vitoria, Laura Gallardo, Patricia Carracedo, Kristin Dietrich Aug 2023

A Systematic Review On The Ecosystem Services Provided By Green Infrastructure, Daniel Jato-Espino, Fabio Capra-Ribeiro, Vanessa Moscardó, Leticia Bartolome Del Pino, Fernando Mayor-Vitoria, Laura Gallardo, Patricia Carracedo, Kristin Dietrich

Faculty Publications

Urbanization and climate change are endangering the sustainability of public spaces through increased land artificialization, ecological fragmentation, reduced resource availability, and limited accessibility to natural and seminatural areas. Properly managing Green Infrastructure (GI) can contribute to mitigating these challenges by delivering multiple provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural Ecosystem Services (ES). This would facilitate the implementation of strategically planned GI networks in cities for urban regeneration purposes. In this context, this study developed a systematic review on the ES provided by GI using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The analysis of 199 eligible articles indicated …

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Roles Of Reservoirs In Regulating Basin Flood And Droughts Risks Under Climate Change: Historical Assessment And Future Projection, Jingxuan Sun, Wei Chen, Boting Hu, Y. Jun Xu, Guangxin Zhang, Yanfeng Wu, Baojun Hu, Zheng Song Aug 2023

Roles Of Reservoirs In Regulating Basin Flood And Droughts Risks Under Climate Change: Historical Assessment And Future Projection, Jingxuan Sun, Wei Chen, Boting Hu, Y. Jun Xu, Guangxin Zhang, Yanfeng Wu, Baojun Hu, Zheng Song

Faculty Publications

Study region: Nenjiang River Basin (NRB), Northeast China. Study focus: Water safety management and sustainable development planning increasingly seek to incorporate the impact of reservoirs on downstream floods and droughts; while the effectiveness of reservoir operation in regulating flood and drought risks under climate change has not been assessed extensively. We focus on discerning whether and to what extent reservoirs can mitigate the risk of hydrologic extremes from the perspective of historical and future climate change. New hydrological insight for the region: We found that coupling reservoir operations into basin hydrological simulation can efficiently improve model capacity to capture both …

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Longitudinal Assessment Of Cognitive Function In The Appswe/Ps1de9 Mouse Model Of Alzheimer's-Related Beta-Amyloidosis, Paul L. Soto, Michael E. Young, Giuliana M. Dimarco, Brianna George, Tatiana Melnikova, Alena V. Savonenko, Breanna N. Harris Aug 2023

Longitudinal Assessment Of Cognitive Function In The Appswe/Ps1de9 Mouse Model Of Alzheimer's-Related Beta-Amyloidosis, Paul L. Soto, Michael E. Young, Giuliana M. Dimarco, Brianna George, Tatiana Melnikova, Alena V. Savonenko, Breanna N. Harris

Faculty Publications

Preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related cognitive decline can be useful for developing therapeutics. The current study longitudinally assessed short-term memory, using a delayed matching-to-position (DMTP) task, and attention, using a 3-choice serial reaction time (3CSRT) task, from approximately 18 weeks of age through death or 72 weeks of age in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice, a widely used mouse model of AD-related amyloidosis. Both transgenic (Tg) and non-Tg mice exhibited improvements in DMTP accuracy over time. Breaks in testing reduced DMTP accuracy but accuracy values quickly recovered in both Tg and non-Tg mice. Both Tg and non-Tg mice exhibited high accuracy in …

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The Vagus Nerve Mediates Gut-Brain Response To Duodenal Nutrient Administration, Robert C. Ross, Yanlin He, R. Leigh Townsend, Philip R. Schauer, Hans Rudolph Berthoud, Christopher D. Morrison, Vance L. Albaugh Aug 2023

The Vagus Nerve Mediates Gut-Brain Response To Duodenal Nutrient Administration, Robert C. Ross, Yanlin He, R. Leigh Townsend, Philip R. Schauer, Hans Rudolph Berthoud, Christopher D. Morrison, Vance L. Albaugh

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Background: Obesity contributes significant disease burden worldwide, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. While bariatric surgery is the most effective and durable obesity treatment, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain unknown. Although neuro-hormonal mechanisms have been suspected to mediate at least some of the gut-brain axis changes following bariatric surgery, studies examining the intestine and its regionally specific post-gastric alterations to these signals remain unclear. Materials and methods: Vagus nerve recording was performed following the implantation of duodenal feeding tubes in mice. Testing conditions and measurements were made under anesthesia during baseline, nutrient or vehicle solution delivery, and post-delivery. Solutions …

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Pharmacological Inhibition Of Lipolysis Prevents Adverse Metabolic Outcomes During Glucocorticoid Administration, Melissa A. Linden, Susan J. Burke, Humza A. Pirzadah, Tai Yu Huang, Heidi M. Batdorf, Walid K. Mohammed, Katarina A. Jones, Sujoy Ghosh, Shawn R. Campagna, J. Jason Collier, Robert C. Noland Aug 2023

Pharmacological Inhibition Of Lipolysis Prevents Adverse Metabolic Outcomes During Glucocorticoid Administration, Melissa A. Linden, Susan J. Burke, Humza A. Pirzadah, Tai Yu Huang, Heidi M. Batdorf, Walid K. Mohammed, Katarina A. Jones, Sujoy Ghosh, Shawn R. Campagna, J. Jason Collier, Robert C. Noland

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Objective: Glucocorticoids are one of the most commonly prescribed classes of anti-inflammatory drugs; however, chronic treatment promotes iatrogenic (drug-induced) diabetes. As part of their physiological role, glucocorticoids stimulate lipolysis to spare glucose. We hypothesized that persistent stimulation of lipolysis during glucocorticoid therapy plays a causative role in the development of iatrogenic diabetes. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were given 100 μg/mL corticosterone (Cort) in the drinking water for two weeks and were fed either normal chow (TekLad 8640) or the same diet supplemented with an adipose triglyceride lipase inhibitor (Atglistatin - 2 g/kg diet) to inhibit the first step of lipolysis. …

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Gdf15 Mediates The Effect Of Skeletal Muscle Contraction On Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion, Hui Zhang, Anny Mulya, Stephan Nieuwoudt, Bolormaa Vandanmagsar, Ruth Mcdowell, Elizabeth C. Heintz, Elizabeth R.M. Zunica, J. Jason Collier, Nadejda Bozadjieva-Kramer, Randy J. Seeley, Christopher L. Axelrod, John P. Kirwan Aug 2023

Gdf15 Mediates The Effect Of Skeletal Muscle Contraction On Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion, Hui Zhang, Anny Mulya, Stephan Nieuwoudt, Bolormaa Vandanmagsar, Ruth Mcdowell, Elizabeth C. Heintz, Elizabeth R.M. Zunica, J. Jason Collier, Nadejda Bozadjieva-Kramer, Randy J. Seeley, Christopher L. Axelrod, John P. Kirwan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Exercise is a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes and preserves b-cell function by hitherto unknown mechanisms. We postulated that proteins fromcontracting skeletalmuscle may act as cellular signals to regulate pancreatic b-cell function. We used electric pulse stimulation (EPS) to induce contraction in C2C12myotubes and found that treatment of b-cells with EPS-conditioned medium enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Transcriptomics and subsequent targeted validation revealed growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as a central component of the skeletal muscle secretome. Exposure to recombinant GDF15 enhanced GSIS in cells, islets, andmice. GDF15 enhanced GSIS by upregulating the insulin secretion pathway in b-cells,whichwas abrogated …

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Residual-Based Error Correction For Neural Operator Accelerated Infinite-Dimensional Bayesian Inverse Problems, Lianghao Cao, Thomas O'Leary-Roseberry, Prashant K. Jha, J. Tinsley Oden, Omar Ghattas Aug 2023

Residual-Based Error Correction For Neural Operator Accelerated Infinite-Dimensional Bayesian Inverse Problems, Lianghao Cao, Thomas O'Leary-Roseberry, Prashant K. Jha, J. Tinsley Oden, Omar Ghattas

Faculty Publications

We explore using neural operators, or neural network representations of nonlinear maps between function spaces, to accelerate infinite-dimensional Bayesian inverse problems (BIPs) with models governed by nonlinear parametric partial differential equations (PDEs). Neural operators have gained significant attention in recent years for their ability to approximate the parameter-to-solution maps defined by PDEs using as training data solutions of PDEs at a limited number of parameter samples. The computational cost of BIPs can be drastically reduced if the large number of PDE solves required for posterior characterization are replaced with evaluations of trained neural operators. However, reducing error in the resulting …

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Quality Of Farmed Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon, Fabricius, 1798 And Macrobrachium Rosenbergii, Deman, 1879) As Affected By Melanosis Inhibiting Compounds, M. Khan, J. A. Lively Aug 2023

Quality Of Farmed Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon, Fabricius, 1798 And Macrobrachium Rosenbergii, Deman, 1879) As Affected By Melanosis Inhibiting Compounds, M. Khan, J. A. Lively

Faculty Publications

A problem associated with shrimp is blackspot or melanosis and to prevent blackspot, sulfites have been used for years but come with additional health risks. Newer 4-hexylresorcinol formulations exist that allow sulfite-free shrimp, but effects on the quality of Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798, and Macrobrachium rosenbergii, de Man, 1879, beyond melanosis prevention are unknown. Adverse effects on the quality of the shrimp from melanosis prevention treatments would negatively offset the benefits of a sulfite-free product. In order to determine if prevention compounds (sulfite powder or 4-hexylresorcinol based compounds, Everfresh® and Xyrex® Prawnfresh™) affect quality, proximate composition and total plate count …

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When Can Local Bird Detection Radars Best Complement Broad-Scale Early-Warning Forecasts Of Risk Potential For Bird–Aircraft Strikes As Part Of An Integrated Approach To Strike Mitigation?, Melanie R. Colón, Ashley M. Long Aug 2023

When Can Local Bird Detection Radars Best Complement Broad-Scale Early-Warning Forecasts Of Risk Potential For Bird–Aircraft Strikes As Part Of An Integrated Approach To Strike Mitigation?, Melanie R. Colón, Ashley M. Long

Faculty Publications

Worldwide, wildlife–aircraft strikes cost more than US$1.2 billion in aircraft damage and downtime and jeopardize the safety of aircrews, passengers, and animals. Radar has long been used to monitor flying animal movements and can be a useful tool for strike mitigation. In the USA, the Avian Hazard Advisory System (AHAS) is an early-warning system that integrates data from next-generation weather radar (NEXRAD) weather surveillance radars (WSRs) with historic bird occurrence data to quantify avian activity and forecast the relative bird risk within a ~9.3-km radius of military and civilian airfields. Bird detection radars (BDRs) with both horizontal-surveillance and vertical-scanning components …

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Dna Methylation Near Cpt1a And Changes In Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins In Response To Weight-Loss Diet Interventions, Xiang Li, Xiaojian Shao, Qiaochu Xue, Minghao Kou, Catherine M. Champagne, Boryana S. Koseva, Yoriko Heianza, Elin Grundberg, Lydia A. Bazzano, George A. Bray, Frank M. Sacks, Lu Qi Aug 2023

Dna Methylation Near Cpt1a And Changes In Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins In Response To Weight-Loss Diet Interventions, Xiang Li, Xiaojian Shao, Qiaochu Xue, Minghao Kou, Catherine M. Champagne, Boryana S. Koseva, Yoriko Heianza, Elin Grundberg, Lydia A. Bazzano, George A. Bray, Frank M. Sacks, Lu Qi

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Context: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A, encoded by the CPT1A gene, plays a key role in the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids in the mitochondria and may be important in triglyceride metabolism. Previous work has shown that high fat intake was negatively associated with CPT1A methylation and positively associated with CPT1A expression. Objective: We aim to investigate the association of DNA methylation (DNAm) at the CPT1A gene with reductions in triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) in response to weight-loss diet interventions. Methods: The current study included 538 White participants, who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets varying in macronutrient components. We …

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A High-Quality De Novo Genome Assembly For Clapper Rail (Rallus Crepitans), Elisa C. Elizondo, Brant C. Faircloth, Robb T. Brumfield, Subir B. Shakya, Vincenzo A. Ellis, Carl J. Schmidt, Adrienne I. Kovach, W. Gregory Shriver Aug 2023

A High-Quality De Novo Genome Assembly For Clapper Rail (Rallus Crepitans), Elisa C. Elizondo, Brant C. Faircloth, Robb T. Brumfield, Subir B. Shakya, Vincenzo A. Ellis, Carl J. Schmidt, Adrienne I. Kovach, W. Gregory Shriver

Faculty Publications

The clapper rail (Rallus crepitans), of the family Rallidae, is a secretive marsh bird species that is adapted for high salinity habitats. They are very similar in appearance to the closely related king rail (R. elegans), but while king rails are limited primarily to freshwater marshes, clapper rails are highly adapted to tolerate salt marshes. Both species can be found in brackish marshes where they freely hybridize, but the distribution of their respective habitats precludes the formation of a continuous hybrid zone and secondary contact can occur repeatedly. This system, thus, provides unique opportunities to investigate the underlying mechanisms driving …

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Trends In Gestational Weight Gain In Louisiana, March 2019 To March 2022, Emily W. Harville, Chelsea L. Kracht, Nicole L. Cohen, Elizabeth F. Sutton, Maryam Kebbe, Leanne M. Redman Aug 2023

Trends In Gestational Weight Gain In Louisiana, March 2019 To March 2022, Emily W. Harville, Chelsea L. Kracht, Nicole L. Cohen, Elizabeth F. Sutton, Maryam Kebbe, Leanne M. Redman

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

IMPORTANCE Average gestational weight gain (GWG) increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but it is not known whether this trend has continued. OBJECTIVE To examine patterns of GWG during the COVID-19 pandemic by delivery and conception timing through the second year of the pandemic. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study is a retrospective review of birth certificate and delivery records from 2019 to 2022. Electronic health records were from the largest delivery hospital in Louisiana. Participants included all individuals giving birth from March 2019 to March 2022. Data analysis was performed from October 2022 to July 2023. EXPOSURE Delivery date …

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Impact Of Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging On The Intermediate Production Of Anthracene And Anthraquinone In Fresh Versus Saltwater Environments, Scott J. St. Romain, Laura M. Basirico, Yong Ha Kim, Emily Vebrosky Nolan, Wei Xu, Kevin L. Armbrust Aug 2023

Impact Of Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging On The Intermediate Production Of Anthracene And Anthraquinone In Fresh Versus Saltwater Environments, Scott J. St. Romain, Laura M. Basirico, Yong Ha Kim, Emily Vebrosky Nolan, Wei Xu, Kevin L. Armbrust

Faculty Publications

While salinity can alter the photodegradation of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), the cause of their altered kinetics in seawater is not well understood. Because HOC intermediate photoproducts are often more toxic than their parent compounds, characterizing the generation of intermediates in saline environments is needed to accurately predict their health effects. The present study investigated the influence of salinity on the generation of anthraquinone through the photolysis of anthracene and the generation of anthrone and 1-hydroxyanthraquinone from the photolysis of anthraquinone as well as their reactivities with hydroxyl radicals. This was conducted by measuring the photolysis rates of anthracene and …

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On The Injectivity Of Integral Operators Related To The Euler–Poisson–Darboux Equation And Shifted K-Plane Transforms, Boris Rubin Aug 2023

On The Injectivity Of Integral Operators Related To The Euler–Poisson–Darboux Equation And Shifted K-Plane Transforms, Boris Rubin

Faculty Publications

We study injectivity of integral operators which map the Cauchy initial data for the Euler–Poisson–Darboux equation to the fixed time measurement of the solution of this equation. These operators generalize the well-known spherical means and are closely related to the shifted k-plane transforms, which assign to functions in Lp(Rn) their mean values over all k-planes at a fixed distance from the given k-planes. Several generalizations, including the Radon transform over strips of fixed width in R2 and a similar transform over tubes of fixed diameter in R3 , are considered.

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Fermi-Gbm Discovery Of Grb 221009a: An Extraordinarily Bright Grb From Onset To Afterglow, S. Lesage, P. Veres, M. S. Briggs, A. Goldstein, D. Kocevski, E. Burns, C. A. Wilson-Hodge, P. N. Bhat, D. Huppenkothen, C. L. Fryer, R. Hamburg, J. Racusin, E. Bissaldi, E. Bissaldi, W. H. Cleveland, S. Dalessi, C. Fletcher, M. M. Giles, B. A. Hristov, C. M. Hui, B. Mailyan, C. Malacaria, S. Poolakkil, O. J. Roberts, A. Von Kienlin, J. Wood, M. Ajello, M. Arimoto, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, M. G. Baring, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra Gonzalez Aug 2023

Fermi-Gbm Discovery Of Grb 221009a: An Extraordinarily Bright Grb From Onset To Afterglow, S. Lesage, P. Veres, M. S. Briggs, A. Goldstein, D. Kocevski, E. Burns, C. A. Wilson-Hodge, P. N. Bhat, D. Huppenkothen, C. L. Fryer, R. Hamburg, J. Racusin, E. Bissaldi, E. Bissaldi, W. H. Cleveland, S. Dalessi, C. Fletcher, M. M. Giles, B. A. Hristov, C. M. Hui, B. Mailyan, C. Malacaria, S. Poolakkil, O. J. Roberts, A. Von Kienlin, J. Wood, M. Ajello, M. Arimoto, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, M. G. Baring, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra Gonzalez

Faculty Publications

We report the discovery of GRB 221009A, the highest flux gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM). This GRB has continuous prompt emission lasting more than 600 s, which smoothly transitions to afterglow emission visible in the Fermi-GBM energy range (8 keV-40 MeV), and total energetics higher than any other burst in the Fermi-GBM sample. By using a variety of new and existing analysis techniques we probe the spectral and temporal evolution of GRB 221009A. We find no emission prior to the Fermi-GBM trigger time (t 0; 2022 October 9 at 13:16:59.99 UTC), indicating that …

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Science Diplomacy From The Global South: The Case Of Intergovernmental Science Organizations, Anna Lena Rüland, Nicolas Rüffin, Katharina Cramer, Prosper Ngabonziza, Manoj Saxena, Stefan Skupien Aug 2023

Science Diplomacy From The Global South: The Case Of Intergovernmental Science Organizations, Anna Lena Rüland, Nicolas Rüffin, Katharina Cramer, Prosper Ngabonziza, Manoj Saxena, Stefan Skupien

Faculty Publications

Intergovernmental science organizations (IGSOs) address many challenges of the 21st century. Several countries of the Global South have joined established IGSOs or have created new ones. Yet we know little about their interests in IGSOs. Our study addresses this blind spot by investigating which objectives Southern actors pursue in IGSOs and under which conditions they are likely to achieve their objectives. Using insights from three strands of literature, we compare four IGSOs with Southern participation: the European Organization for Nuclear Research, the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, the Square Kilometer Array, and the African Lightsource. We show that countries of the …

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Quasiparticle Spectroscopy, Transport, And Magnetic Properties Of Nb Films Used In Superconducting Qubits, Kamal R. Joshi, Sunil Ghimire, Makariy A. Tanatar, Amlan Datta, Jin Su Oh, Lin Zhou, Cameron J. Kopas, Jayss Marshall, Josh Y. Mutus, Julie Slaughter, Matthew J. Kramer, James A. Sauls, Ruslan Prozorov Aug 2023

Quasiparticle Spectroscopy, Transport, And Magnetic Properties Of Nb Films Used In Superconducting Qubits, Kamal R. Joshi, Sunil Ghimire, Makariy A. Tanatar, Amlan Datta, Jin Su Oh, Lin Zhou, Cameron J. Kopas, Jayss Marshall, Josh Y. Mutus, Julie Slaughter, Matthew J. Kramer, James A. Sauls, Ruslan Prozorov

Faculty Publications

Niobium thin films on silicon substrate used in the fabrication of superconducting qubits have been characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electrical transport, magnetization, the London penetration depth - based quasiparticle spectroscopy, and real-space real-time magneto-optical imaging. We study niobium films to provide an example of a comprehensive analytical set that may benefit superconducting circuits such as those used in quantum computers. The films have a superconducting transition temperature of Tc=9.35 K and a fairly clean superconducting gap. The estimated superfluid density is enhanced at intermediate temperatures. These observations are consistent with the recent theory of anisotropic strong-coupling superconductivity …

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In-Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation On Surface Oxides Thermal Stability Of Niobium, Jin Su Oh, Xiaotian Fang, Tae Hoon Kim, Matt Lynn, Matt Kramer, Mehdi Zarea, James A. Sauls, Alexander Romanenko, Sam Posen, Anna Grassellino, Cameron J. Kopas, Mark Field, Jayss Marshall, Hilal Cansizoglu, Kameshwar Yadavalli, Joshua Y. Mutus, Matthew Reagor, Lin Zhou Aug 2023

In-Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation On Surface Oxides Thermal Stability Of Niobium, Jin Su Oh, Xiaotian Fang, Tae Hoon Kim, Matt Lynn, Matt Kramer, Mehdi Zarea, James A. Sauls, Alexander Romanenko, Sam Posen, Anna Grassellino, Cameron J. Kopas, Mark Field, Jayss Marshall, Hilal Cansizoglu, Kameshwar Yadavalli, Joshua Y. Mutus, Matthew Reagor, Lin Zhou

Faculty Publications

Niobium is commonly used for superconducting quantum systems as readout resonators, capacitors, and interconnects. Structural defects at the Nb/Si and air/Nb interface may be a major source of two-level systems (TLS), which are detrimental to the device's coherence time. Thus, identifying and understanding the microscopic origin of possible TLS in Nb-based devices and their relationship to processing is key to superconducting qubit performance improvement. This work studied the structure and thermal stability of surface oxide on physical vapor deposited Nb films on Si wafers, using aberration-corrected (scanning) transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy. All Nb films exhibit columnar growth with strong …

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The Master Growth Regulator Della Binding To Histone H2a Is Essential For Della-Mediated Global Transcription Regulation, Xu Huang, Hao Tian, Jeongmoo Park, Dong Ha Oh, Jianhong Hu, Rodolfo Zentella, Hong Qiao, Maheshi Dassanayake, Tai Ping Sun Aug 2023

The Master Growth Regulator Della Binding To Histone H2a Is Essential For Della-Mediated Global Transcription Regulation, Xu Huang, Hao Tian, Jeongmoo Park, Dong Ha Oh, Jianhong Hu, Rodolfo Zentella, Hong Qiao, Maheshi Dassanayake, Tai Ping Sun

Faculty Publications

The DELLA genes, also known as ‘Green Revolution’ genes, encode conserved master growth regulators that control plant development in response to internal and environmental cues. Functioning as nuclear-localized transcription regulators, DELLAs modulate expression of target genes via direct protein–protein interaction of their carboxy-terminal GRAS domain with hundreds of transcription factors (TFs) and epigenetic regulators. However, the molecular mechanism of DELLA-mediated transcription reprogramming remains unclear. Here by characterizing new missense alleles of an Arabidopsis DELLA, repressor of ga1-3 (RGA), and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we show that RGA binds histone H2A via the PFYRE subdomain within its GRAS domain to form a TF–RGA–H2A …

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Chemical Characterization And Impact Of Nipple Fruit (Solanum Mammosum) On The Characteristics Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus La K, Ricardo S. Aleman, Dany Avila, Allan Avila, Jack N. Losso, David Picha, Zhimin Xu, Kayanush Aryana Aug 2023

Chemical Characterization And Impact Of Nipple Fruit (Solanum Mammosum) On The Characteristics Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus La K, Ricardo S. Aleman, Dany Avila, Allan Avila, Jack N. Losso, David Picha, Zhimin Xu, Kayanush Aryana

Faculty Publications

Nipple fruit (Solanum mammosum) has been considered to have great pharmaceutical potential because of its high amounts of solamargine and solasonine. This study aimed to examine the effect of nipple fruit at different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, and 2% (w/v)) on the viability, acid, bile, lysozyme, and gastric juice tolerance, and protease activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA K. The viability was studied in MRS broth. Acid tolerance was determined by adjusting the pH to 2, whereas bile tolerance was examined with oxgall 0.3% (w/v) in MRS broth. Lysozyme resistance was investigated in an electrolyte solution with lysozyme (100 mg/L), while gastric …

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