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Too Sensitive Or Not Sensitive Enough? Sensitivity To Context And Justice-Involved Youths' Response To Violence Exposure, Colleen Sbeglia, Curtis Donovyn Smith, Paul J. Frick, Laurence Steinberg, Elizabeth Cauffman Sep 2024

Too Sensitive Or Not Sensitive Enough? Sensitivity To Context And Justice-Involved Youths' Response To Violence Exposure, Colleen Sbeglia, Curtis Donovyn Smith, Paul J. Frick, Laurence Steinberg, Elizabeth Cauffman

Faculty Publications

With high rates of violence exposure among justice-involved youth, it is critical to identify factors that might impact the likelihood of youth engaging in violence themselves. One such factor is sensitivity to context, which describes how sensitive youth are to experiences in their environment. Using an ethnically diverse sample of justice-involved male adolescents (47% Latino, 38% Black/African American, 15% White) aged 13-17 at the time of their first arrest, the results of this study indicate that exposure to violence was related to increased violent behavior six months later, and this effect was strongest among youth who were low in sensitivity …

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Generamen Enables Integration, Comparison, And Meta-Analysis Of Multiple Ranked Gene Lists To Identify Consensus, Unique, And Correlated Genes, Meisam Yousefi, Wayne Ren See, Kam Leng Aw-Yong, Wai Suet Lee, Cythia Lingli Yong, Felic Fanusi, Gavin J.D. Smith, Eng Eong Ooi, Shang Li, Sujoy Ghosh, Yaw Shin Ooi Sep 2024

Generamen Enables Integration, Comparison, And Meta-Analysis Of Multiple Ranked Gene Lists To Identify Consensus, Unique, And Correlated Genes, Meisam Yousefi, Wayne Ren See, Kam Leng Aw-Yong, Wai Suet Lee, Cythia Lingli Yong, Felic Fanusi, Gavin J.D. Smith, Eng Eong Ooi, Shang Li, Sujoy Ghosh, Yaw Shin Ooi

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

High-Throughput experiments often produce ranked gene outputs, with forward genetic screening being a notable example. While there are various tools for analyzing individual datasets, those that perform comparative and meta-Analytical examination of such ranked gene lists remain scarce. Here, we introduce Gene Rank Meta Analyzer (GeneRaMeN), an R Shiny tool utilizing rank statistics to facilitate the identification of consensus, unique, and correlated genes across multiple hit lists. We focused on two key topics to showcase GeneRaMeN: virus host factors and cancer dependencies. Using GeneRaMeN 'Rank Aggregation', we integrated 24 published and new flavivirus genetic screening datasets, including dengue, Japanese encephalitis, …

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Determining Diabetic Kidney Disease Severity Using Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Classification, Amanda Yun Rui Lam, Huang Fang Zheng, Kok Keong Teo, Xiao Hui Xin, Chieh Suai Tan, Jean Paul Kovalik, Sujoy Ghosh, Hong Chang Tan Sep 2024

Determining Diabetic Kidney Disease Severity Using Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Classification, Amanda Yun Rui Lam, Huang Fang Zheng, Kok Keong Teo, Xiao Hui Xin, Chieh Suai Tan, Jean Paul Kovalik, Sujoy Ghosh, Hong Chang Tan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Esrra Regulates Rplp1-Mediated Translation Of Lysosome Proteins Suppressed In Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis And Reversed By Alternate Day Fasting, Madhulika Tripathi, Karine Gauthier, Reddemma Sandireddy, Jin Zhou, Priyanka Guptta, Suganya Sakthivel, Wei Wen Teo, Yadanar Than Naing, Kabilesh Arul, Keziah Tikno, Sung Hee Park, Yajun Wu, Lijin Wang, Boon Huat Bay, Lei Sun, Vincent Giguere, Pierce K.H. Chow, Sujoy Ghosh, Donald P. Mcdonnell, Paul M. Yen, Brijesh K. Singh Sep 2024

Esrra Regulates Rplp1-Mediated Translation Of Lysosome Proteins Suppressed In Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis And Reversed By Alternate Day Fasting, Madhulika Tripathi, Karine Gauthier, Reddemma Sandireddy, Jin Zhou, Priyanka Guptta, Suganya Sakthivel, Wei Wen Teo, Yadanar Than Naing, Kabilesh Arul, Keziah Tikno, Sung Hee Park, Yajun Wu, Lijin Wang, Boon Huat Bay, Lei Sun, Vincent Giguere, Pierce K.H. Chow, Sujoy Ghosh, Donald P. Mcdonnell, Paul M. Yen, Brijesh K. Singh

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Objective: Currently, little is known about the mechanism(s) regulating global and specific protein translation during metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH; previously known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH). Methods: Unbiased label-free quantitative proteome, puromycin-labelling and polysome profiling were used to understand protein translation activity in vitro and in vivo. Results: We observed a global decrease in protein translation during lipotoxicity in human primary hepatocytes, mouse hepatic AML12 cells, and livers from a dietary mouse model of MASH. Interestingly, proteomic analysis showed that Rplp1, which regulates ribosome and translation pathways, was one of the most downregulated proteins. Moreover, decreased Esrra expression and binding to …

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Autonomic And Enteric Profiling May Help Predict Response To Diverse Obesity Therapies, Michael Eiswerth, Prateek Mathur, Hani Rashed, Frank Greenway, Eric Ravussin, William Johnson, Pichamol Jirapinyo, Christopher C. Thompson, Farid Kehdy, Shabnam Sarker, Le Yu Naing, Michael W. Daniels, Thomas Abell Sep 2024

Autonomic And Enteric Profiling May Help Predict Response To Diverse Obesity Therapies, Michael Eiswerth, Prateek Mathur, Hani Rashed, Frank Greenway, Eric Ravussin, William Johnson, Pichamol Jirapinyo, Christopher C. Thompson, Farid Kehdy, Shabnam Sarker, Le Yu Naing, Michael W. Daniels, Thomas Abell

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Purpose: Changes in autonomic (ANS) and enteric nervous systems (ENS) may be involved in pathogenesis of obesity. We hypothesized that baseline autonomic and enteric parameters may predict outcomes of diverse obesity therapies. Material and Methods: We studied ANS and ENS physiology in 37 patients (8 male, 29 female, age 45 years, weight 129.7 kg) at 4 centers in patients undergoing medical (9: low-calorie diet) versus invasive (22: 16 sleeve, 6 bypass) and semi-invasive (6: 2 band, 2 high energy stimulation, 2 aspiration) weight loss therapies. Weight loss was reported as percent weight loss from baseline to latest values at 1 …

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Effect Of Impaired Awareness Of Hypoglycemia On Glucose Decline During And After Exercise In The T1dexi Study, Jorge L. Jo Kamimoto, Zoey Li, Robin L. Gal, Jessica R. Castle, Francis J. Doyle, Peter G. Jacobs, Corby K. Martin, Roy W. Beck, Peter Calhoun, Michael C. Riddell, Michael R. Rickels Sep 2024

Effect Of Impaired Awareness Of Hypoglycemia On Glucose Decline During And After Exercise In The T1dexi Study, Jorge L. Jo Kamimoto, Zoey Li, Robin L. Gal, Jessica R. Castle, Francis J. Doyle, Peter G. Jacobs, Corby K. Martin, Roy W. Beck, Peter Calhoun, Michael C. Riddell, Michael R. Rickels

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Context: Adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face the necessity of balancing the benefits of exercise with the potential hazards of hypoglycemia. Objective: This work aimed to assess whether impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) affects exercise-associated hypoglycemia in adults with T1D. Methods: We compared continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-measured glucose during exercise and for 24 hours following exercise from 95 adults with T1D and IAH (Clarke score ≥4 or ≥1 severe hypoglycemic event within the past year) to 95 “aware” adults (Clarke score ≤2 and no severe hypoglycemic event within the past year) matched on sex, age, insulin delivery modality, and …

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Louisiana Graduate Network In Applied Evolution (Lagniappe): 2023-2024 End-Year Report, Kristina Little, Samuel B. Robison, Bret Blackmon, Andrew R. Burns Sep 2024

Louisiana Graduate Network In Applied Evolution (Lagniappe): 2023-2024 End-Year Report, Kristina Little, Samuel B. Robison, Bret Blackmon, Andrew R. Burns

Reports

The Louisiana Graduate Network in Applied Evolution (hereinafter; LAGNiAppE) was funded by a grant awarded through the National Science Foundation (NSF 22-506), as part of the Research and Mentoring for Postbaccalaureates in Biological Sciences (RaMP) grant program. The LAGNiAppE program provides training and mentorship to cohorts of recent college graduates from underrepresented groups interested in advancing their knowledge and research skills in evolutionary biology. Social Research and Evaluation Center (SREC) at Louisiana State University conducted the evaluation of LAGNiAppE, assessing program implementation and impact. The evaluation team at SREC employed a mixed methods design that included online surveys for scholars …

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Covid-19 Implications On Worksite Wellness Programming, Renee A. Underwood, Angela R. Wood, Ralph J. Wood, Rylie B. Broussard, Stephanie T. Broyles Sep 2024

Covid-19 Implications On Worksite Wellness Programming, Renee A. Underwood, Angela R. Wood, Ralph J. Wood, Rylie B. Broussard, Stephanie T. Broyles

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Seven of the top ten leading causes of death in the United States are due to chronic diseases and treating these accounts for 86 percent of our nation's health care costs. The workplace offers an environment to implement chronic disease prevention strategies, such as worksite wellness programs, due to the large amount of time spent at the worksite daily by employees. As a result of COVID-19, many organizations began to change their workdays (i.e., working from home). This research sought to understand what, if any, implications the COVID-19 epidemic had on worksite wellness programming. Semistructured interviews were employed and recorded …

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Evaluating The Validity Of The Portionsize Smartphone Application For Estimating Dietary Intake In Free-Living Conditions: A Pilot Study, Hanim E. Diktas, Chloe P. Lozano, Sanjoy Saha, Stephanie T. Broyles, Corby K. Martin, John W. Apolzan Sep 2024

Evaluating The Validity Of The Portionsize Smartphone Application For Estimating Dietary Intake In Free-Living Conditions: A Pilot Study, Hanim E. Diktas, Chloe P. Lozano, Sanjoy Saha, Stephanie T. Broyles, Corby K. Martin, John W. Apolzan

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Objective: Evaluate the validity of the PortionSize application. Methods: In this pilot study, 14 adults used PortionSize to record their free-living food intake over 3 consecutive days. Digital photography was the criterion measure, and the main outcomes were estimated intake of food (grams), energy (kilocalories), and food groups. Equivalence tests with ±25% equivalence bounds and Bland-Altman analysis were performed. Results: Estimated gram intake from PortionSize was equivalent (P < 0.001) to digital photography estimates. PortionSize and digital photography estimated energy intake, however, were not equivalent (P = 0.08), with larger estimates from PortionSize. In addition, PortionSize and digital photography were equivalent for vegetable intake (P = 0.01), but PortionSize had larger estimates of fruits, grains, dairy, and protein intake (P >0.07; error range 11% to 23%). Conclusions and Implications: Compared with digital photography, PortionSize accurately estimated food intake and had reasonable error rates for other nutrients; however, it overestimated energy intake, indicating …

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High-Resolution Elemental Abundance Measurements Of Cool Jwst Planet Hosts Using Autospecfit: An Application To The Sub-Neptune K2-18b’S Host M Dwarf, Neda Hejazi, Ian J.M. Crossfield, Diogo Souto, Jonathan Brande, Thomas Nordlander, Emilio Marfil, Katia Cunha, David R. Coria, Zachary G. Maas, Alex S. Polanski, Natalie R. Hinkel, Joseph E. Hand Sep 2024

High-Resolution Elemental Abundance Measurements Of Cool Jwst Planet Hosts Using Autospecfit: An Application To The Sub-Neptune K2-18b’S Host M Dwarf, Neda Hejazi, Ian J.M. Crossfield, Diogo Souto, Jonathan Brande, Thomas Nordlander, Emilio Marfil, Katia Cunha, David R. Coria, Zachary G. Maas, Alex S. Polanski, Natalie R. Hinkel, Joseph E. Hand

Faculty Publications

We present an in-depth, high-resolution spectroscopic analysis of the M dwarf K2-18, which hosts a sub-Neptune exoplanet in its habitable zone. We show our technique to accurately normalize the observed spectrum, which is crucial for a proper spectral fitting. We also introduce a new automatic, line-by-line, model-fitting code, AutoSpecFit, which performs an iterative χ 2 minimization process to measure individual elemental abundances of cool dwarfs. We apply this code to the star K2-18, and measure the abundance of 10 elements: C, O, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, and Fe. We find these abundances to be moderately supersolar, except …

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Far From Their Origins: A Transcriptomic Investigation On How 2,4-Di-Tert-Butyl-6-(5-Chloro-2h-Benzotriazol-2-Yl) Phenol Affects Rainbow Trout Alevins, Andreas N.M. Eriksson, Justin Dubiel, Alper James Alcaraz, Jon A. Doering, Steve Wiseman Sep 2024

Far From Their Origins: A Transcriptomic Investigation On How 2,4-Di-Tert-Butyl-6-(5-Chloro-2h-Benzotriazol-2-Yl) Phenol Affects Rainbow Trout Alevins, Andreas N.M. Eriksson, Justin Dubiel, Alper James Alcaraz, Jon A. Doering, Steve Wiseman

Faculty Publications

Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are a group of widely used chemicals added to a variety of consumer (e.g., plastics) and industrial (e.g., metal coating) goods. Although detected globally as an environmentally persistent pollutant, BUVSs have received relatively little toxicological attention and only recently have been acknowledged to affect development and the endocrine system in vivo. In our previous study, altered behavior, indicative of potential neurotoxicity, was observed among rainbow trout alevins (day 14 posthatching) that were microinjected as embryos with a single environmentally relevant dose of 2,4-di-tert-butyl–6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenol (UV-327). In the present follow-up study, we performed whole-transcriptome profiling (RNA sequencing) …

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Discarded Vehicle Tires And Their Association With Mosquito Vector Abundance Across Socioenvironmental Gradients In New Orleans, La, Rebeca De Jesús Crespo, Alexandros Pavlakis, Jennifer Breaux, Claudia Riegel Sep 2024

Discarded Vehicle Tires And Their Association With Mosquito Vector Abundance Across Socioenvironmental Gradients In New Orleans, La, Rebeca De Jesús Crespo, Alexandros Pavlakis, Jennifer Breaux, Claudia Riegel

Faculty Publications

Discarded vehicle tires serve as habitat for mosquito vectors. In New Orleans, Louisiana, discarded tires are an increasingly important public concern, especially considering that the city is home to many medically important mosquito species. Discarded tires are known to be associated with mosquito abundance, but how their presence interacts with other socioenvironmental gradients to influence mosquito ecology is poorly understood. Here, we ask whether discarded tire distribution could be explained by social factors, particularly median income, home vacancy and human population density, and whether these factors interact with urban heat islands (UHI) to drive mosquito vector assemblages. We surveyed tire …

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Local Halanay's Inequality For Local Exponential Stabilization, Frédéric Mazenc, Michael Malisoff Sep 2024

Local Halanay's Inequality For Local Exponential Stabilization, Frédéric Mazenc, Michael Malisoff

Faculty Publications

We announce a local version of a method for proving asymptotic stability based on Halanay's inequality. Our approach can be applied to nonlinear systems containing input and state delays. It provides robustness estimates for dynamics that contain actuator uncertainty, in the sense of input-to-state stability. Our numerical example illustrates how our method leads to useful bounds on the allowable uncertainties and on the basin of attraction.

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On The Injectivity Of The Shifted Funk–Radon Transform And Related Harmonic Analysis, Boris Rubin Sep 2024

On The Injectivity Of The Shifted Funk–Radon Transform And Related Harmonic Analysis, Boris Rubin

Faculty Publications

Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for injectivity of the shifted Funk–Radon transform associated with k-dimensional totally geodesic submanifolds of the unit sphere Sn in ℝn+1. This result generalizes the well known statement for the spherical means on Sn and is formulated in terms of zeros of Jacobi polynomials. The relevant harmonic analysis is developed, including a new concept of induced Stiefel (or Grassmannian) harmonics, the Funk–Hecke type theorems, addition formula, and multipliers. Some perspectives and conjectures are discussed.

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Ab Initio Leading Order Effective Potential For Elastic Proton Scattering Based On The Symmetry-Adapted No-Core Shell Model, R. B. Baker, Ch Elster, T. Dytrych, K. D. Launey Sep 2024

Ab Initio Leading Order Effective Potential For Elastic Proton Scattering Based On The Symmetry-Adapted No-Core Shell Model, R. B. Baker, Ch Elster, T. Dytrych, K. D. Launey

Faculty Publications

Background: Calculating microscopic optical potentials for elastic scattering at intermediate energies from light nuclei in an ab initio fashion within the Watson expansion has been established within the last few years. Purpose: Based on the Watson expansion of the multiple scattering series, we employ a nonlocal translationally invariant nuclear density derived within the symmetry-adapted no-core shell model (SA-NCSM) framework from a chiral next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) nucleon-nucleon interaction and the very same interaction for a consistent full-folding calculation of the effective (optical) potential for nucleon-nucleus scattering for medium-heavy nuclei. Methods: The leading order effective (optical) folding potential is computed by integrating …

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B(E2) Measurements In The Yrast Band Of Mg 28: Implications For The N=20 Island Of Inversion, M. S. Martin, H. Asch, G. C. Ball, P. E. Garrett, A. B. Garnsworthy, C. J. Griffin, G. Hackman, G. Hagen, K. D. Launey, G. Leckenby, J. Liang, R. S. Lubna, C. R. Natzke, C. Pearson, A. Redey, G. H. Sargsyan, P. C. Srivastava, K. Starosta, Z. H. Sun, C. E. Svensson, S. Upadhyayula, K. Van Wieren, V. Vedia, J. Williams, A. Woinoski, F. Wu, D. Yates, Z. Yu Sep 2024

B(E2) Measurements In The Yrast Band Of Mg 28: Implications For The N=20 Island Of Inversion, M. S. Martin, H. Asch, G. C. Ball, P. E. Garrett, A. B. Garnsworthy, C. J. Griffin, G. Hackman, G. Hagen, K. D. Launey, G. Leckenby, J. Liang, R. S. Lubna, C. R. Natzke, C. Pearson, A. Redey, G. H. Sargsyan, P. C. Srivastava, K. Starosta, Z. H. Sun, C. E. Svensson, S. Upadhyayula, K. Van Wieren, V. Vedia, J. Williams, A. Woinoski, F. Wu, D. Yates, Z. Yu

Faculty Publications

High-precision lifetime measurements in Mg28 were performed to study neutron shell evolution in Mg isotopes and the onset of the N=20 island of inversion. Using both the recoil distance and Doppler shift attenuation methods, five lifetimes were measured in addition to six upper limits. The observation of two long-lived, negative-parity states demonstrate the importance of studying Mg isotopes for the contribution of intruder configurations to sd-shell nuclei. Lifetimes of the 21+ and 41+ states of 1.81(5) ps and 172(-10+11)stat.(4)stop.(8)feed.(4)targ.fs, respectively, demonstrate a loss of collectivity with increasing spin in the yrast band, permitting for distinguishing between current theoretical models. These …

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Ixpe Observation Of Pks 2155'304 Reveals The Most Highly Polarized Blazar, Pouya M. Kouch, Ioannis Liodakis, Riccardo Middei, Dawoon E. Kim, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Alan P. Marscher, Herman L. Marshall, Steven R. Ehlert, Laura Di Gesu, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Iván Agudo, Grzegorz M. Madejski, Roger W. Romani, Manel Errando, Elina Lindfors, Kari Nilsson, Ella Toppari, Stephen B. Potter, Ryo Imazawa, Mahito Sasada, Yasushi Fukazawa, Koji S. Kawabata, Makoto Uemura, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Tatsuya Nakaoka, Hiroshi Akitaya, Callum Mccall, Helen E. Jermak, Iain A. Steele, Ioannis Myserlis, Mark Gurwell, Garrett K. Keating, Ramprasad Rao Sep 2024

Ixpe Observation Of Pks 2155'304 Reveals The Most Highly Polarized Blazar, Pouya M. Kouch, Ioannis Liodakis, Riccardo Middei, Dawoon E. Kim, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Alan P. Marscher, Herman L. Marshall, Steven R. Ehlert, Laura Di Gesu, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Iván Agudo, Grzegorz M. Madejski, Roger W. Romani, Manel Errando, Elina Lindfors, Kari Nilsson, Ella Toppari, Stephen B. Potter, Ryo Imazawa, Mahito Sasada, Yasushi Fukazawa, Koji S. Kawabata, Makoto Uemura, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Tatsuya Nakaoka, Hiroshi Akitaya, Callum Mccall, Helen E. Jermak, Iain A. Steele, Ioannis Myserlis, Mark Gurwell, Garrett K. Keating, Ramprasad Rao

Faculty Publications

We report the X-ray polarization properties of the high-synchrotron-peaked (HSP) blazar PKS 2155'304 based on observations with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). We observed the source between Oct 27 and Nov 7, 2023. We also conducted an extensive contemporaneous multiwavelength (MW) campaign. We find that during the first half (T1) of the IXPE pointing, the source exhibited the highest X-ray polarization degree detected for an HSP blazar thus far, (30.7 ± 2.0)%; this dropped to (15.3 ± 2.1)% during the second half (T2). The X-ray polarization angle remained stable during the IXPE pointing at 129.4 '±1.8 and 125.4 '±3.9 …

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Observations Of Low And Intermediate Spectral Peak Blazars With The Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer, Herman L. Marshall, Ioannis Liodakis, Alan P. Marscher, Niccolò Di Lalla, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Dawoon E. Kim, Riccardo Middei, Michela Negro, Nicola Omodei, Abel L. Peirson, Matteo Perri, Simonetta Puccetti, Marco Laurenti, Iván Agudo, Giacomo Bonnoli, Andrei V. Berdyugin, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Nicole Rodriguez Cavero, Immacolata Donnarumma, Laura Di Gesu, Jenni Jormanainen, Henric Krawczynski, Elina Lindfors, Greg Madjeski, Frédéric Marin, Francesco Massaro, Luigi Pacciani, Juri Poutanen, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Pouya M. Kouch, Francisco José Aceituno, Maria I. Bernardos, Víctor Casanova Sep 2024

Observations Of Low And Intermediate Spectral Peak Blazars With The Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer, Herman L. Marshall, Ioannis Liodakis, Alan P. Marscher, Niccolò Di Lalla, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Dawoon E. Kim, Riccardo Middei, Michela Negro, Nicola Omodei, Abel L. Peirson, Matteo Perri, Simonetta Puccetti, Marco Laurenti, Iván Agudo, Giacomo Bonnoli, Andrei V. Berdyugin, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Nicole Rodriguez Cavero, Immacolata Donnarumma, Laura Di Gesu, Jenni Jormanainen, Henric Krawczynski, Elina Lindfors, Greg Madjeski, Frédéric Marin, Francesco Massaro, Luigi Pacciani, Juri Poutanen, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Pouya M. Kouch, Francisco José Aceituno, Maria I. Bernardos, Víctor Casanova

Faculty Publications

We present X-ray polarimetry observations from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) of three low spectral peak and one intermediate spectral peak blazars, namely 3C 273, 3C 279, 3C 454.3, and S5 0716+714. For none of these objects was IXPE able to detect X-ray polarization at the 3σ level. However, we placed upper limits on the polarization degree at ∼10%-30%. The undetected polarizations favor models where the X-ray band is dominated by unpolarized photons upscattered by relativistic electrons in the jets of blazars, although hadronic models are not completely eliminated. We discuss the X-ray polarization upper limits in the context …

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Modification Of Childcare's Outdoor Setting For Toddler Physical Activity And Nature-Based Play: A Mixed Methods Study, Chelsea L. Kracht, Amanda E. Staiano, Melissa Harris, Kristin Domangue, Michelle Grantham-Caston Sep 2024

Modification Of Childcare's Outdoor Setting For Toddler Physical Activity And Nature-Based Play: A Mixed Methods Study, Chelsea L. Kracht, Amanda E. Staiano, Melissa Harris, Kristin Domangue, Michelle Grantham-Caston

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background Toddler physical activity is critical for child health, but little is known about its applications in early childhood education (ECE) centers. The aims of this study were 1) to determine if pragmatic and nature-based modifications to an ECE center's outdoor setting were feasible and acceptable, and 2) to identify barriers and facilitators of toddler physical activity at ECE centers. Methods A multiphase mixed-methods study (QUANT+QUAL) was conducted. In the QUANT study, a stepped, sequential modification of the outdoor setting, using pragmatic and cost-effective nature-based elements, was conducted with a delayed control group over 10-weeks, with follow-up assessments 3-months later …

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The Structure Of The Sufs–Sufe Complex Reveals Interactions Driving Protected Persulfide Transfer In Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biogenesis, Rajleen K. Gogar, Nidhi Chhikara, Minh Vo, Nathaniel C. Gilbert, Jack A. Dunkle, Patrick A. Frantom Sep 2024

The Structure Of The Sufs–Sufe Complex Reveals Interactions Driving Protected Persulfide Transfer In Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biogenesis, Rajleen K. Gogar, Nidhi Chhikara, Minh Vo, Nathaniel C. Gilbert, Jack A. Dunkle, Patrick A. Frantom

Faculty Publications

Fe-S clusters are critical cofactors for redox chemistry in all organisms. The cysteine desulfurase, SufS, provides sulfur in the SUF Fe-S cluster bioassembly pathway. SufS is a dimeric, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme that uses cysteine as a substrate to generate alanine and a covalent persulfide on an active site cysteine residue. SufS enzymes are activated by an accessory transpersulfurase protein, either SufE or SufU depending on the organism, which accepts the persulfide product and delivers it to downstream partners for Fe-S assembly. Here, using Escherichia coli proteins, we present the first X-ray crystal structure of a SufS/SufE complex. There is a …

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Reconstructive Evolutionary Morphology: Tracing The Historical Process Of Modifications Of Complex Systems Driven By Natural Selection Through Changing Ecological Conditions, Dominique G. Homberger Sep 2024

Reconstructive Evolutionary Morphology: Tracing The Historical Process Of Modifications Of Complex Systems Driven By Natural Selection Through Changing Ecological Conditions, Dominique G. Homberger

Faculty Publications

There is general consensus among evolutionary biologists that natural selection drives phenotypic modifications within populations over generational time. How to reconstruct this historical process, however, has been discussed mostly in theoretical terms, and recommendations and explanations on how to translate such theoretical insights into practice are needed. The present study aims at providing a theory-supported practical guide on how to reconstruct historical evolutionary processes by applying a morphology-centered approach through a series of interdependent steps of descriptive morphology, functional analysis, ecological observation, integration of paleoecological data, and evolutionary synthesis. Special attention is given to the development of tests regarding the …

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Toward A Comparative Framework For Studies Of Altitudinal Migration, David Vander Pluym, Nicholas A. Mason Sep 2024

Toward A Comparative Framework For Studies Of Altitudinal Migration, David Vander Pluym, Nicholas A. Mason

Faculty Publications

The study and importance of altitudinal migration has attracted increasing interest among zoologists. Altitudinal migrants are taxonomically widespread and move across altitudinal gradients as partial or complete migrants, subjecting them to a wide array of environments and ecological interactions. Here, we present a brief synthesis of recent developments in the field and suggest future directions toward a more taxonomically inclusive comparative framework for the study of altitudinal migration. Our framework centers on a working definition of altitudinal migration that hinges on its biological relevance, which is scale-dependent and related to fitness outcomes. We discuss linguistic nuances of altitudinal movements and …

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The K-Profile Parameterization Augmented By Deep Neural Networks (Kpp_Dnn) In The General Ocean Turbulence Model (Gotm), Jianguo Yuan, Jun Hong Liang, Eric P. Chassignet, Olmo Zavala-Romero, Xiaoliang Wan, Meghan F. Cronin Sep 2024

The K-Profile Parameterization Augmented By Deep Neural Networks (Kpp_Dnn) In The General Ocean Turbulence Model (Gotm), Jianguo Yuan, Jun Hong Liang, Eric P. Chassignet, Olmo Zavala-Romero, Xiaoliang Wan, Meghan F. Cronin

Faculty Publications

This study utilizes Deep Neural Networks (DNN) to improve the K-Profile Parameterization (KPP) for the vertical mixing effects in the ocean's surface boundary layer turbulence. The deep neural networks were trained using 11-year turbulence-resolving solutions, obtained by running a large eddy simulation model for Ocean Station Papa, to predict the turbulence velocity scale coefficient and unresolved shear coefficient in the KPP. The DNN-augmented KPP schemes (KPP_DNN) have been implemented in the General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM). The KPP_DNN is stable for long-term integration and more efficient than existing variants of KPP schemes with wave effects. Three different KPP_DNN schemes, each …

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Preliminary Effectiveness Of A One-Week Summer Day Camp For Improving Children’S Health Behaviors And Psychosocial Well-Being Outcomes, Qiaoyin Tan, Yuxin Nie, Paul Son, Renee A. Underwood, Peyton Murray, Callie Hebert, K. Lynn Mckey, Chelsea Hendrick, Amanda E. Staiano, Senlin Chen Sep 2024

Preliminary Effectiveness Of A One-Week Summer Day Camp For Improving Children’S Health Behaviors And Psychosocial Well-Being Outcomes, Qiaoyin Tan, Yuxin Nie, Paul Son, Renee A. Underwood, Peyton Murray, Callie Hebert, K. Lynn Mckey, Chelsea Hendrick, Amanda E. Staiano, Senlin Chen

Faculty Publications

Purpose: Summer day camp offers children opportunities to grow knowledge and skills, be physically active, and have fun. Compared to healthy children, at-risk children (i.e., overweight, or with obesity and chronic health conditions) typically display less optimal health behaviors and psychosocial well-being, especially during summer months. This study examined the preliminary effectiveness of an American-Diabetes-Association-sponsored summer day camp at improving children’s health behaviors (i.e., physical activity, screen time, diet, sleep) and psychosocial well-being outcomes (i.e., quality of life [QoL], enjoyment, weight-related self-efficacy). Method: The sample consisted of 39 participants, including 19 boys and 20 girls, with majority being overweight (n …

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Effects Of Intensive Treatment Of Chinese Women With Gestational Diabetes On The Risk Of Offspring Being Overweight From 3 To 8 Years Of Age, Jing Li, Rui Zhang, Cuiping Zhang, Gongshu Liu, Weiqin Li, Hui Wang, Yijuan Qiao, Zhijie Yu, Gang Hu, Juliana C.N. Chan, Junhong Leng, Xilin Yang Sep 2024

Effects Of Intensive Treatment Of Chinese Women With Gestational Diabetes On The Risk Of Offspring Being Overweight From 3 To 8 Years Of Age, Jing Li, Rui Zhang, Cuiping Zhang, Gongshu Liu, Weiqin Li, Hui Wang, Yijuan Qiao, Zhijie Yu, Gang Hu, Juliana C.N. Chan, Junhong Leng, Xilin Yang

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Trends In The Incidence Of Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy Among The Medicaid Population Before And During Covid-19, Jessica Lin, Heidi Feng, Ronald Horswell, San Chu, Yun Shen, Gang Hu Sep 2024

Trends In The Incidence Of Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy Among The Medicaid Population Before And During Covid-19, Jessica Lin, Heidi Feng, Ronald Horswell, San Chu, Yun Shen, Gang Hu

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Importance: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a group of high blood pressure disorders during pregnancy that are a leading cause of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Data on the trend in the incidence of HDP among the Medicaid population during coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) are lacking. Objective: To determine the trends in the annual incidence of HDP among pregnant Medicaid-insured women in Louisiana before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2016–2021). Methods: A total of 113,776 pregnant women aged 15–50 years were included in this study. For multiparous individuals, only the first pregnancy was used in the analyses. …

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Habitual Use Of Glucosamine And Adverse Liver Outcomes Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes And Masld, Yun Shen, Yaxin Wang, Jingyi Lu, Yifei Mo, Xiaojing Ma, Gang Hu, Jian Zhou Sep 2024

Habitual Use Of Glucosamine And Adverse Liver Outcomes Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes And Masld, Yun Shen, Yaxin Wang, Jingyi Lu, Yifei Mo, Xiaojing Ma, Gang Hu, Jian Zhou

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: Glucosamine is a dietary supplement commonly used to support joint health. However, there has been interest in exploring other effects of glucosamine on health outcomes due to its ant-inflammation effect. Objective: This study compared the risks of major adverse liver outcomes (MALOs) between regular users and non-users of glucosamine among patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) using the data from a large prospective cohort study. Methods: Demographic, anthropometric, laboratory and medication prescription information among 18 753 patients with type 2 diabetes and MASLD was obtained from the UK Biobank. MASLD was identified …

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Temporal Scales Of Mass Wasting Sedimentation Across The Mississippi River Delta Front Delineated By 210pb/137cs Geochronology, Jeffrey Duxbury, Samuel J. Bentley, Kehui Xu, Navid H. Jafari Sep 2024

Temporal Scales Of Mass Wasting Sedimentation Across The Mississippi River Delta Front Delineated By 210pb/137cs Geochronology, Jeffrey Duxbury, Samuel J. Bentley, Kehui Xu, Navid H. Jafari

Faculty Publications

The Mississippi River Delta Front (MRDF) is a subaqueous apron of rapidly deposited and weakly consolidated sediment extending from the subaerial portions of the Birdsfoot Delta of the Mississippi River, long characterized by mass-wasting sediment transport. Four (4) depositional environments dominate regionally (an undisturbed topset apron, mudflow gully, mudflow lobe, and prodelta), centering around mudflow distribution initiated by a variety of factors (hurricanes, storms, and fluid pressure). To better understand the spatiotemporal scales of the events as well as the controlling processes, eight cores (5.8–8.0 m long) taken offshore from the South Pass (SP) and the Southwest Pass (SWP) were …

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Limits On Polygonal Organization Of Boulders In The Martian Northern Lowlands, D. R. Hood, A. L. Cohen-Zada, R. C. Ewing, S. Karunatillake Sep 2024

Limits On Polygonal Organization Of Boulders In The Martian Northern Lowlands, D. R. Hood, A. L. Cohen-Zada, R. C. Ewing, S. Karunatillake

Faculty Publications

Polygonal terrain on Mars can form via thermal contraction and subsequent fracturing of the permafrost layer and covers much of the surface poleward of ∼60°. In similar terrains on Earth, seasonal freeze-thaw processes create a range of diverse landforms, including several in which clasts on the surface congregate into sorted circles and polygons. In the Martian northern lowlands, several investigations into boulder patterns have come to differing conclusions on whether analogous organization of clasts is present on Mars, whether there is an association between boulders and polygonal fracture margins, and what periglacial process may cause such organization in the modern …

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Application Of Surge Arrester In Limiting Voltage Stress At Direct Current Breaker, Mohammadamin Moghbeli, Shahab Mehraeen, Sudipta Sen Sep 2024

Application Of Surge Arrester In Limiting Voltage Stress At Direct Current Breaker, Mohammadamin Moghbeli, Shahab Mehraeen, Sudipta Sen

Faculty Publications

Hybrid DC circuit breakers combine mechanical switches with a redirecting current path, typically controlled by power electronic devices, to prevent arcing during switch contact separation. The authors’ past work includes a bipolar hybrid DC circuit breaker that effectively redirects the fault current and returns it to the source. This reduces arcing between the mechanical breaker’s contacts and prevents large voltage overshoots across them. However, the breaker’s performance declines as the upstream line inductance increases, causing overvoltage. This work introduces a modification to the originally proposed hybrid DC breaker to make it suitable to use anywhere along DC grid lines. By …

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