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The Rhetoric Of Lee Iacocca: The Man, The Myth, The Message (Michigan)., Jayne Margaret Megginson Jan 1986

The Rhetoric Of Lee Iacocca: The Man, The Myth, The Message (Michigan)., Jayne Margaret Megginson

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study was to analyze the rhetoric of Lee A. Iacocca as expressed in the thoughts and actions of the man; to explore rhetorical aspects of his popular myth-hero qualities; and to examine the rhetorical strategies Iacocca used in presenting his message. Criteria for the study were based on the rhetorical theories of Ernest Bormann, Lloyd Bitzer, and Kenneth Burke, with an emphasis on two of Aristotle's canons. In addition, the pattern for the myth-hero as presented by Joseph Campbell was a guide. These concepts blended into an interrelationship which helped illuminate the dimensions of Iacocca's rhetorical …

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Testing A Model Of School Holding Power: Teacher Perceptions Of The Work Environment, Robustness, Personal Characteristics, And Alienation Behavior. (Volumes I And Ii)., Bernadette Susanne Morris Jan 1986

Testing A Model Of School Holding Power: Teacher Perceptions Of The Work Environment, Robustness, Personal Characteristics, And Alienation Behavior. (Volumes I And Ii)., Bernadette Susanne Morris

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of the study was to examine relationships between indices of teacher alienation behavior (TAB) and (a) teacher perceptions of multiple dimensions of the work environment, (b) environmental robustness, and (c) teacher personal life characteristics. Teacher perceptions of the work environment and the robustness of key roles in the school organization were explored as factors contributing to the holding power of school. Twenty teachers at each of 97 schools in a large urban school district in Louisiana were randomly selected. Each teacher responded to an instrument set containing a demographic data form, Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) (Johnson, 1955), Robustness …

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An Exploration Of The Type A Behavior Pattern In Chronic Headache Sufferers., Neil Bruce Rappaport Jan 1986

An Exploration Of The Type A Behavior Pattern In Chronic Headache Sufferers., Neil Bruce Rappaport

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Recently, investigations have examined the possible link between the Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) and chronic headache. Several studies have indicated a significant relation between Type A, as measured by the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), and headache frequency. As well, several researchers have noted the similarities in the descriptions of the Type A individual and those characteristics of the "migraine personality." To date, no prospective study has examined whether that set of characteristics ascribed to migraineurs is in fact the TABP. The second focus of this investigation was to provide a comprehensive description of the psychological functioning of Type A …

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Alcohol And Drug Abuse Subtypes: Differentiation Using The Macandrew Scale., James T. Russell Jan 1986

Alcohol And Drug Abuse Subtypes: Differentiation Using The Macandrew Scale., James T. Russell

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale (MAC scale) has been found generally to differentiate alcoholics from control subjects. Some researchers have proposed it measures a general tendency to abuse drugs as well. The MAC scale's construct has been purported to tap unstable psychopathy at its high end and neuroticism at its low. The present study attempted to establish whether the MAC scale alone, the standard MMPI scales alone, or the MAC scale plus the standard MMPI scales and/or other MMPI research and Wiggins content scales provide the most effective differentiation of alcoholics and drug abusers from medical controls in a VA inpatient …

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The Relation Among Stressful Life-Events, Affective Responses, And Headaches (Migraine, Muscle-Contraction)., Craig Douglas Waggoner Jan 1986

The Relation Among Stressful Life-Events, Affective Responses, And Headaches (Migraine, Muscle-Contraction)., Craig Douglas Waggoner

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Stress is frequently reported as a major contributing factor in both migraine and muscle-contraction headaches. The general conclusions of studies investigating the stress-headache relations are that headache sufferers experience a significant amount of stress in their lives, that stress can precipitate headache attacks, and that headache subjects tend to overreact to stress. The laboratory method and scales measuring major life-events have typically been used in studying stress but have several limitations, particularly for studying exacerbations and remissions of symptoms. Increasing the comprehensiveness of stress measurement, beyond the traditional life-events approach, by assessing stress and affective states on a daily basis …

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Faculty Senate Resolution 85-03, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College Dec 1985

Faculty Senate Resolution 85-03, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College

LSU Faculty Senate Publications

Faculty Senate Resolution on the thirty-nine hour general education component, adopted on December 5, 1985.

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Response Transfer In Biofeedback Training., Lynn Pendarvis Clemow Jan 1985

Response Transfer In Biofeedback Training., Lynn Pendarvis Clemow

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The physiological effects and processes of biofeedback procedures are important issues in relaxation training. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of cross-system generalization and the processes by which it may occur. Specifically, do different biofeedback tasks produce different patterns of response across systems and, are the physiological processes different for each biofeedback task, or are they similar processes in all tasks? Forty-eight volunteers participated in three one-hour sessions and randomly assigned to one of four groups as follows; (1) increase hand-temperature, (2) decrease frontalis-EMG, (3) decrease hand-temperature, and (4) control. Subjects received training as indicated in …

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Secondary Memory Functioning In Good And Poor Readers (Interference)., Elizabeth B. Williford Jan 1985

Secondary Memory Functioning In Good And Poor Readers (Interference)., Elizabeth B. Williford

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This research compared the short-term memory deficit and the verbal ability deficiency theories of reading disability by examining reaction time performance of good readers and inferior readers in both primary and secondary memory tasks, using a combination of the Sternberg memory scanning paradigm and the Brown-Peterson distractor tasks. One hundred ninety-two Louisiana State University students from the psychology and remedial reading departments were randomly assigned to one of eight experimental groups. Subjects received test material of either four or two item memory sets. The 48 test trials consisted of three trials from each of 16 different categories, with trials grouped …

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Social Skills Assessment For Mainstreamed Handicapped Students: The Discriminative Efficiency Of The Teacher Ratings Of Social Skills (Tross)., Frederick Lee Black Jan 1985

Social Skills Assessment For Mainstreamed Handicapped Students: The Discriminative Efficiency Of The Teacher Ratings Of Social Skills (Tross)., Frederick Lee Black

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Until recently no time-efficient teacher rating scale of social skills has been available. With the development of the Teacher Ratings of Social Skills (TROSS; Gresham & Elliott, 1984) this gap has possibly been filled. Preliminary research on the scale has shown it to possess adequate reliability and validity (Clark, Gresham, & Elliott, 1985). Little is known yet, however, regarding the possible utility of the scale in discriminating among school-aged children of differing handicapping conditions. The present study examined the discriminative efficiency of the TROSS with a sample of 250 school-age children from four different groups: (a) Behavior Disordered, (b) Learning …

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Associations Between Previous Treatments For Alcohol Addiction And Chances For Success At O'Brien Halfway House, Inc., Baton Rouge, Louisiana., Barbara A. Quillen Humbles Jan 1985

Associations Between Previous Treatments For Alcohol Addiction And Chances For Success At O'Brien Halfway House, Inc., Baton Rouge, Louisiana., Barbara A. Quillen Humbles

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The association between previous treatments for alcohol addiction and chance for success in a halfway house is the major focus of this research. A case study of the O'Brien Halfway House, during fiscal year 1983-84, was conducted for the purpose of further examining (1) selected variables that might be associated with completing or not completing treatment at O'Brien House and (2) selected variables that might be associated with the number of previous treatments for alcohol addiction that the patient has had prior to the admission at O'Brien House. Data were gathered on 84 patients through the use of a patient …

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The Relation Of Knowledge Development To Children's Basketball Performance., Karen Elizabeth French Jan 1985

The Relation Of Knowledge Development To Children's Basketball Performance., Karen Elizabeth French

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this paper was to examine the relation of sport specific knowledge to the development of skilled basketball performance in children. Three experiments were conducted. The first experiment established the reliability and validity of instruments used to measure basketball knowledge, dribbling skill, shooting skill and individual components of offensive basketball performance--control, decisions, and execution. The second experiment compared expert and novice basketball players in two age leagues, an 8- to 10-year-old league and an 11- to 12-year-old league, on the individual components of performance and on measures of basketball knowledge, dribbling skill, and shooting skill. The cognitive decision …

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An Attempt To Validate An Inventory From The Criteria Of Dsm-Iii., David Gilbert Perry Jan 1985

An Attempt To Validate An Inventory From The Criteria Of Dsm-Iii., David Gilbert Perry

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Criteria of DSM-III were used as source material for items in a psychopathology inventory series. The inventories provided DSM-III diagnoses by reproducing the DSM-III decision process through diagnostic keys. The personality disorders inventory (ADI) was chosen as initial research instrument. Forty-seven voluntary clients from two sites served as clinical subjects and 29 non-clinical volunteers, given special directions to avoid diagnosis, served as subjects for validity scales. Four clinical psychologists matched DSM-III criteria with ADI items in measurement of content validity. Results showed that the ADI was not a useful psychometric instrument in its present form. The ADI gave too many …

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Individual Differences And Their Relation To Social Structure In Domestic Cats., Rena Durr Mister Jan 1985

Individual Differences And Their Relation To Social Structure In Domestic Cats., Rena Durr Mister

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Two groups of domestic cats with established social structures were tested for their response to novel stimuli in a variety of test situations. Clearly observable individual differences in responses were seen which were consistent over a series of test sessions and remained stable despite regular environmental disruptions. Individual differences in behavioral response were found not to be related to object dominance (food competition) or social dominance (freedom of movement in social encounters) unlike similar studies with social animals. No relationship was found in either group between rank in object dominance and rank in social dominance. Significant correlations were demonstrated between …

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The Effect Of Muscle Contraction Headache Chronicity On Frontal Emg (Psychophysiology, Tension Headache)., Eleanor Belle Callon Jan 1985

The Effect Of Muscle Contraction Headache Chronicity On Frontal Emg (Psychophysiology, Tension Headache)., Eleanor Belle Callon

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The hypothesis that frontal EMG levels measured by surface electrodes change as a function of the number of years of muscle contraction headache activity was tested. Three levels of muscle contraction headache chronicity ((GREATERTHEQ)20 years, (LESSTHEQ)10 years, and none) were examined under imagined stress and a quiz falsely presented as a measure of intelligence. The two stress conditions were counterbalanced across subjects. The three groups had 10 members each and were equivalent in age and subjects' ratings of the laboratory stressors. Psychophysiological recordings were done during a headache free period. An ANOVA indicated no group effect and no group x …

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Literature As Phenomenon: Attribution Theory And The Act Of Performance (Oral, Interpretation, Pre-Formance, Newcomb, Bakhtin)., John Walthall Creagh Iii Jan 1985

Literature As Phenomenon: Attribution Theory And The Act Of Performance (Oral, Interpretation, Pre-Formance, Newcomb, Bakhtin)., John Walthall Creagh Iii

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Attribution theory seeks to explain the ways in which humans ascribe causes to everyday events, especially the observed behavior of other human beings. This study seeks to apply the basic patterns of social attribution to the act of "pre-formance"--the aesthetic act in which a performer engages the voice of a literary text and, through rehearsals involving attribuiton, embodies that voice for some audience. Theodore Newcomb's "symmetry theory," a model that contains the essential features of human attribution, is discussed within the philosophical perspective of phenomenology, and the transformed model is used as the basis for a new theory of the …

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Development Of A Computer-Assisted Instruction Courseware Package In Statistics And A Comparative Analysis Of Three Management Strategies For This Courseware., Preston Dinkins Jan 1985

Development Of A Computer-Assisted Instruction Courseware Package In Statistics And A Comparative Analysis Of Three Management Strategies For This Courseware., Preston Dinkins

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a tutorial computer-assisted instruction (CAI) lesson teaching the normal distribution and standard scores. Instruction on the normal curve, and unit-normal curve, z-scores, areas under the normal curve, and standard scores was given in this study. This CAI courseware was created in order to teach or review these concepts to graduate students in education. An evaluation of this CAI lesson was conducted. It consisted of a small scale pilot test, and a 2 x 3 factorial design experiment. The pilot test study was conducted so that reaction data to this software …

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The Reliability Of Psychophysiological Assessment: A Comparative Analysis Of Two Mental And Two Physical Stressors (Test-Retest Reliability, Physiological Reactivity, Cold Pressor, Blood Pressure, Heart Rate)., Michael E. Faulstich Jan 1985

The Reliability Of Psychophysiological Assessment: A Comparative Analysis Of Two Mental And Two Physical Stressors (Test-Retest Reliability, Physiological Reactivity, Cold Pressor, Blood Pressure, Heart Rate)., Michael E. Faulstich

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Extensive research has been conducted assessing psychophysiological reactivity to experimental stressors in various populations. However, there is a paucity of empirical investigations concerning the test-retest reliability of these experimental stressors. Establishment of the relative reliability of specific stressor procedures is important so that results can be compared over time and across studies. The purpose of this investigation was to compare test-retest reliability of two mental stressors (i.e. Quiz Electrocardiogram, mental arithmetic) and two physical stressors (i.e. cold pressor, isometric challenge). These stressors were presented in a counterbalanced fashion to forty-eight undergraduate and graduate students who returned two weeks later for …

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An Experimental Study Of Bias In The Rating Process: Effects Of Rater And Ratee Sex And Job Type., Sandra Jean Hartman Jan 1985

An Experimental Study Of Bias In The Rating Process: Effects Of Rater And Ratee Sex And Job Type., Sandra Jean Hartman

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study was designed to examine the influence of several potential sources of bias in the rating process. It specifically examined the potential effect of sex of rater and ratee, information about ratee characteristics, information about the job, and two rater personality factors on the way raters use performance information in coming to a final promotion decision. The study itself took place in a laboratory setting designed to simulate an assessment center. Raters were 320 business students at a large university. Pretesting was used to identify two jobs as recognizably "male" and "female" and two patterns of personality characteristics as …

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Multimethod Assessment Of Childhood Depression: Evidence For Convergent And Discriminant Validity Across Developmental Levels., Kathleen Lynn Lemanek Jan 1985

Multimethod Assessment Of Childhood Depression: Evidence For Convergent And Discriminant Validity Across Developmental Levels., Kathleen Lynn Lemanek

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The convergent and discriminant validity of three assessment methods were investigated in relation to the construct of childhood depression for a sample of elementary, intermediate, and secondary students. The three assessment methods of self-report, teacher, and peer rating scales were used to assess the response classes of depression, social withdrawal, social skills, and aggression. The self-report, teacher, and peer rating scales were subjected to a series of analyses to determine their psychometric properties. Test-retest and internal consistency reliabilities were generally acceptable, although the stability and item homogeneity of individual factors varied from the low-to-high range within each of the rating …

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The Behavioral Ecology Of The First Instar Southern Green Stink Bug, Nezara Viridula (L.) (Aggregation, Pheromone, Embryo, Egg, Nymph)., Jeffrey Alan Lockwood Jan 1985

The Behavioral Ecology Of The First Instar Southern Green Stink Bug, Nezara Viridula (L.) (Aggregation, Pheromone, Embryo, Egg, Nymph)., Jeffrey Alan Lockwood

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Outer row embryos of the southern green stick bug, Nezara viridula (L.), orient toward the center of the egg mass; inner row embryos do not. Embryonic orientation was mediated by stimuli provided by the glue which holds the egg mass together. Physical and chemical orientation cues associated with the glue were present only on the inner surfaces of outer row eggs; other eggs received no such differential stimuli and therefore oriented as a function of the oviposition behavior of the female. Embryonic orientation assured that upon hatching, outer row nymphs received the stimulation necessary for arrestment and inclusion in the …

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Stress Management And The Amelioration Of Type A Behavior In Cardiac Rehabilitation (Psychophysiology, Cardiovascular Reactivity)., Joseph Kemp Murphy Jan 1985

Stress Management And The Amelioration Of Type A Behavior In Cardiac Rehabilitation (Psychophysiology, Cardiovascular Reactivity)., Joseph Kemp Murphy

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The effects of a stress management program upon the Type A behavior pattern were examined in a sample of patients with coronary heart disease who were enrolled in an on-going cardiac rehabilitation program. Based upon exhibition of Type A behavior (defined by the Structured Inverview), patients were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: (a) behavioral stress management, (b) supportive (attention placebo control group), and (c) no treatment (waiting list control group). Patients receiving treatment attended 10 sessions of 1-1 1/2 hours duration, as well as pretreatment and posttreatment assessment sessions. Patients in the no treatment condition also completed the assessments. …

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Organizational Characteristics Affecting Ratee Perceptions Of The Appraisal Process And Ratee Intentions To Change (Performance Appraisals)., Stephanie Jeanette Platz Jan 1985

Organizational Characteristics Affecting Ratee Perceptions Of The Appraisal Process And Ratee Intentions To Change (Performance Appraisals)., Stephanie Jeanette Platz

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

To evaluate an expanded version of Ilgen, Fisher, and Taylor's (1979) model of feedback effectiveness, measures of organizational characteristics, ratee perceptions of the appraisal process, and ratee intentions to change were collected from paying and receiving tellers (n = 163) in three banking institutions. Regression analysis indicated that four organizational characteristics: (a) openness surrounding the appraisal process, (b) frequency of evaluation, (c) participation in the performance feedback session, and (d) quality of the rater-ratee relationship were significantly related to ratee satisfaction with the appraisal process which, in turn, influenced (a) ratee intentions to turnover and (b) ratee intentions to file …

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An Application Of Environmental Psychology To Retail Store Design: The Perceptual Dimensions Of Department Store Entrances (Marketing, Consumer Behavior)., Clifford Dale Scott Jan 1985

An Application Of Environmental Psychology To Retail Store Design: The Perceptual Dimensions Of Department Store Entrances (Marketing, Consumer Behavior)., Clifford Dale Scott

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The topic of store atmosphere is an anomaly within the field of marketing. It is acknowledged to be of importance, but almost no scholarly research has been conducted on the topic. The literature to data supports the idea that store atmosphere is an important component of store image, but provides no guidance as to what forms an appealing atmosphere. This void in the literature lead to an examination of the environmental perception literature within the field of environmental psychology. The present research focused upon only one aspect of store atmosphere, the department store entrance. The research has attempted to isolate …

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Sara Lowrey: Speech Teacher (Oral Interpretation, Texas)., Jo Ann Bolin Shields Jan 1985

Sara Lowrey: Speech Teacher (Oral Interpretation, Texas)., Jo Ann Bolin Shields

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

"Everyone talks about education. I try to do something about it." These words of Sara Lowrey expressed her primary goal: to prepare her students for the future. This study traces the career of Lowrey through her years at Baylor University and Furman University and delineates her varied activities both in and out of the classroom. In 1923 Lowrey became Chairman of the Department of Public Discourse at Baylor. A fledgling program, the department grew and matured into a respected organization under her able leadership. She instituted programs of study in oral interpretation, radio, and speech correction, spearheaded a radio project …

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A Field Test Of The Perceptions Of The Qualitative Characteristics Of Statement Of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 2 By Practicing Cpas (Multitrait-Multimethod, Mtmm, Analytic Hierarchy Process, Ahp)., Larry G. Singleton Jan 1985

A Field Test Of The Perceptions Of The Qualitative Characteristics Of Statement Of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 2 By Practicing Cpas (Multitrait-Multimethod, Mtmm, Analytic Hierarchy Process, Ahp)., Larry G. Singleton

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

In 1980 the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 2: Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information. This Statement provides characteristics that, according to the Board, are the qualities that make accounting information useful. Nine of these qualitative characteristics are examined in a questionnaire study to determine if they are operational, comprehensive, and parsimonious. Operationality refers to the ability of accountants to actually use the characteristics when choosing accounting methods. Comprehensiveness refers to the set of characteristics being a complete one. If none of the qualitative characteristics expressed in the Statement are redundant the set is considered …

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Perceptions Of Nine Change Agent Roles And Related Work Variables By County Extension Agents In The Minnesota Agricultural Extension Service--1985., Jared Melville Smalley Jan 1985

Perceptions Of Nine Change Agent Roles And Related Work Variables By County Extension Agents In The Minnesota Agricultural Extension Service--1985., Jared Melville Smalley

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The major focus of this dissertation study was on the self-expectations of Minnesota County Extension Agents as they carry out nine change agent roles in their educational work. Impetus for the study came from a 1984 report that indicated 70.5 percent of these agents felt emotional strain due to "expect too much of self.". Data was collected regarding the nine roles and six work-related variables by mail questionnaire. A total of 230 usable responses were received from the 248 agents on active duty during May, 1985. The major findings of the study were generalized as follows: (1) The most positive …

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Adolescent Suicide And Life Stress, Problem Solving Ability, Suicide Intent, And Hopelessness., Sally Hill Stephenson Jan 1985

Adolescent Suicide And Life Stress, Problem Solving Ability, Suicide Intent, And Hopelessness., Sally Hill Stephenson

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Adolescent suicide is a serious problem, yet psychological investigations are limited to delineating effective treatment for suicide attempters. Consideration of those variables which lead to suicide should be included in any effective treatment protocol. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the degree of life stress, hopelessness, and problem solving ability in adolescents who have attempted or gestured suicide. Fifteen high school-aged adolescents who had attempted or gestured suicide and 15 high school-aged adolescents who were hospitalized for acute physical problems, were administered the Hopelessness Scale (Beck, Weissman, Lester, & Trexler, 1974), a modified version of the Life …

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Detecting Malingering With The Mmpi And The Pst., Christine M. Turin Jan 1985

Detecting Malingering With The Mmpi And The Pst., Christine M. Turin

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study was to refine methods of detecting malingering of psychosis by forensic patients. The most effective measures of malingering to date were the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) F and F-K Indices. The literature, based on simulation research, was deficient in confirmatory work with true forensic malingerers. Further, the Projective Simulation Test (PST) had shown promise with simulators, but had not been used with malingerers. In this study, 50 prisoners volunteered from Hunt Correctional Institute, St. Gabriel, Louisiana, and were randomly assigned within reading groups to serve in Standard Instruction and Simulator groups, and 50 volunteers …

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Pupil Control Ideology And Pluralistic Ignorance In A Residential Facility For The Hearing Impaired: Hearing And Non-Hearing Teacher Perspectives., James Alan Vitagliano Jan 1985

Pupil Control Ideology And Pluralistic Ignorance In A Residential Facility For The Hearing Impaired: Hearing And Non-Hearing Teacher Perspectives., James Alan Vitagliano

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The study's purpose was to examine variation in pupil control ideology (PCI) and existence of pluralistic ignorance in a school for the deaf. Participant observation, survey administration, and ethnographic interview techniques were related to nine hypotheses focused upon informal group structures of hearing and non-hearing teachers within the school culture. The hypotheses were: (1) Hearing teachers will perceive PCI of non-hearing teachers as more custodial than non-hearing teachers report. (2) Non-hearing teachers will perceive PCI of hearing teachers as more custodial than hearing teachers report. (3) Hearing teachers will perceive hearing teachers' PCI as less custodial than non-hearing teachers' PCI. …

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The Interaction Of Conceptual Tempo And Modeling On Motor Performance (Learning Style)., Shirley Devard Brown Jan 1985

The Interaction Of Conceptual Tempo And Modeling On Motor Performance (Learning Style)., Shirley Devard Brown

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This experiment was designed to examine the effects of conceptual tempo and modeling on performance of a serial motor task. There were 48 subjects, 10- and 11-years old males and females, classified as impulsive or reflective. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three modeling groups or a control group. The modeling strategies included: silent-model, verbal-model and verbal-model with self-instruction. The task was a motor skill obstacle course in which both speed and errors were scored. Data were analyzed by a 2 x 4 (Cognitive Style x Model Type) MANOVA with the number of trials to criterion, the average number …

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