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Semantic Constraint Modeling In Database Using The Applicative Data Language., Herman Hai-Lou Lee
Semantic Constraint Modeling In Database Using The Applicative Data Language., Herman Hai-Lou Lee
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
There is a growing need to incorporate database integrity subsystems into large information systems in engineering design environments and real-time control and monitoring environments. The objectives of the integrity subsystem are to provide a user interface for constraint specification, to compile the specification into enforcement strategies, and to check data integrity at both compile-time and run-time. The approach proposed by this research is to develop the conceptual view of the database using the Entity Relationship Model (ERM). Users' queries and semantic constraints can be specified by an ER-based data language, the Applicative Data Language (ADL). Any ADL constraint specification is …
Well Control Problems Associated With Gas Solubility In Oil-Based Drilling Fluids., Patrick Leon O'Bryan
Well Control Problems Associated With Gas Solubility In Oil-Based Drilling Fluids., Patrick Leon O'Bryan
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Gas contamination of an oil-based drilling fluid during drilling operations, whether it be by the flow of formation gas into the wellbore (gas kick) or by the drilling of gas-bearing formations (drilled-gas), poses a potential hazard to the drilling equipment, environment, and personnel. This danger is the greatest when bottomhole conditions are such that the gas will completely dissolve into the drilling fluid and rapidly evolve as the gas-cut drilling fluid is circulated up the well. This work summarizes a study of well control problems associated with gas solubility in oil-based drilling fluids. The solubilities of various gases (i.e., methane, …
Relative Isometric And Dynamic Endurance Curves For Different Muscle Groups Of The Upper Extremities., Seung Ho Yoon
Relative Isometric And Dynamic Endurance Curves For Different Muscle Groups Of The Upper Extremities., Seung Ho Yoon
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
This study analyzed the characteristics of both dynamic and isometric relative endurance curves for four different muscle groups of the upper extremities. College males (N = 56) were tested on the Cybex Isokinetic Dynamometer both isometrically and dynamically on four exercises: bench press, arm curls, shoulder internal rotation and wrist flexion. In all, eight separate exercises were examined. Each dynamic and isometric exercise bout was for 80 and 60 s, respectively and data were recorded ever 4 s. Parameters examined were Maximal Strength, Total Force Output, Relative Total (RT, TFO, divided by 80s or 60s x peak force), and Relative …
Development Of A Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Simulation Model: A Hybrid Systems Approach., Vinay Kumar Vasudev
Development Of A Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Simulation Model: A Hybrid Systems Approach., Vinay Kumar Vasudev
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The key to the successful "factory of the future" will be the effective coordination of managerial functions and production operations. The research presented in this dissertation addresses this "coordination" issue, especially in terms of understanding the impact and possibilities which exist in an information-rich environment. Such an environment is often referred to in the literature as being a computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) environment. An interactive simulation modeling program, MOSES (Manufacturing Organization Simulation and Evaluation System), was developed for the purpose of describing, analyzing, and understanding such manufacturing. MOSES is a copyrighted computer program, a menu-driven, interactive, simulation modeling tool. MOSES users …
Plant Protein Improvement By Genetic Engineering: Use Of Synthetic Genes., Moon Sik Yang
Plant Protein Improvement By Genetic Engineering: Use Of Synthetic Genes., Moon Sik Yang
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The essential amino acid composition of plant foodstuffs is very important, especially in the developing countries where people very heavily depend on plant proteins from a single source. In these situations, it would be highly beneficial to 'engineer' the plant to produce proteins with a balanced essential amino acid content. Recombinant DNA technology and Agrobacterium-based vector systems offer a novel approach to modify plant proteins. Several attempts with some encouraging results have been made to express plant storage protein genes in transgenic plants. However, improvement of the quality of plant protein using these techniques is in an early stage. In …
Development Of Techniques For Studying Interactions Of Organic Compounds With Complex Solid Matrices., Devi Chalasani
Development Of Techniques For Studying Interactions Of Organic Compounds With Complex Solid Matrices., Devi Chalasani
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
A combination of high resolution solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and solvent extractions with solvents of varying polarities was used to identify the mechanism of interaction between hazardous organic and/or inorganic wastes and a Portland Cement based system. Ethylene glycol (EG), p-bromophenol (pBP), p-chlorophenol (pCP), p-(aminomethyl)phenol (pAMP) were used as model organic wastes, and cadmium and lead hydroxide sludges were used as model inorganic wastes. Type I Portland Cement, with and without soluble silicate additive, was solidified with water and various waste mixtures. The soldified samples were examined by solvent extractions and by NMR at various time intervals. Chemical …
An Object Oriented Paradigm For Requirements Specifications., David W. Cordes
An Object Oriented Paradigm For Requirements Specifications., David W. Cordes
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Software engineering defines a formalized five-step life-cycle for software development. These steps are: requirements specification, design, implementation, testing and maintenance. The requirements specification phase of the software development life-cycle is responsible for determining the functionality of the proposed system. In this work, a methodology is developed that enhances the generation of accurate requirements specifications, utilizing an object-oriented paradigm. This research realizes four objectives. First, the process of information transferral between the user and the specification team is enhanced. Second, a working base of knowledge containing the domain-specific information within the initial requirements document is established for use by the specification …
The Dextranase Of Lipomyces Starkeyi And Its Use In Sugar Cane Processing., David William Koenig
The Dextranase Of Lipomyces Starkeyi And Its Use In Sugar Cane Processing., David William Koenig
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Dextranase is an enzyme which destroys dextran, a contaminant in sugar and a main constituent of dental plaque. Dextranase utilization can solve a major economic problem in the sugar industry, and in dental preparations it can keep teeth essentially free of plaque. The dextranase from the yeast Lipomyces starkeyi was investigated because this organism has been used in food related processes. This attribute should allow for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use of a Lipomyces dextranase. None of the existing commercial dextranase preparations have FDA approval. L. starkeyi was found to produce maximum amounts of dextranase when grown …
Applications Of Solid State Deuterium Nmr Spectroscopy., William Lawrence Jarrett Jr
Applications Of Solid State Deuterium Nmr Spectroscopy., William Lawrence Jarrett Jr
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Solid-state deuterium NMR spectroscopic techniques have been applied to a series of organic and organometallic systems. The construction and operation of an ADLF (adiabatic demagnetization in the laboratory frame) spectrometer is described in detail. The instrument has been used to obtain high-field solid-state deuterium NMR spectra for a series of para-substituted phenyl acetic acids which have been deuteriated at the methylene site, as well as $d\sb1$-napthalene, triphenylphosphonium-(methyl-$d\sb3$) bromide, and barium chlorate monohydrate (25% deuteriated). The data for the para-substituted phenyl acetic acids show that the two methylene deuterons are inequivalent. This inequivalency is due to the difference in the $\sp2$H-C$\sb1$-C$\sb2$-O …
Free Radical Chemistry In Smoke From Household And Cellulosic Materials, Automobile Fuel, And Perfluoropolymers., Thomas M. Lachocki
Free Radical Chemistry In Smoke From Household And Cellulosic Materials, Automobile Fuel, And Perfluoropolymers., Thomas M. Lachocki
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Free radicals have been detected in smoke resulting from the combustion of household and cellulosic materials, automobile fuel, and perfluoropolymers. Materials were pyrolyzed by a variety of methods, but the most reproducible results were obtained by heating the materials in a heated quartz tube. The smoke was reacted with $\alpha$-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone (PBN), and the resulting nitroxide spin adducts were detected by electron spin resonance. Oxygen-centered radical spin adducts predominate, lesser amounts of carbon-centered radical spin adducts and an oxidation product of PBN were also observed when smoke from several cellulosic materials, dried exterior paint, polyethylene, rubber, and automobile exhaust was allowed …
The Relative Effects Of Salespersons' Ratings On Ability And Effort Criteria., Sandra Edwards Mckay
The Relative Effects Of Salespersons' Ratings On Ability And Effort Criteria., Sandra Edwards Mckay
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Performance appraisal is a crucial function of sales managers. Often, performance appraisal information is used as a basis for decisions relating to pay, promotion, and termination. Such decisions can have a substantial impact on the motivation, satisfaction, and productivity of members of the sales force. Despite its importance, little research has investigated the way in which decisions concerning salesperson performance are made. The primary goal of this research was to examine the relative effects of salespeople's ability and effort on decisions relating to promotion, compensation, transfer, and termination. A secondary purpose was to see if salesperson sex influenced these decisions. …
An Algorithmic Framework For Robot Navigation In Unknown Terrains., Nageswara S. V Rao
An Algorithmic Framework For Robot Navigation In Unknown Terrains., Nageswara S. V Rao
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The problem of navigating a robot body through a terrain whose model is a priori known is well-solved problem in many cases. Comparatively, a lesser number of research results have been reported about the navigation problem in unknown terrains i.e., the terrains whose model are not a priori known. The focus of our work is to obtain an algorithmic framework that yields algorithms to solve certain navigational problems in unknown terrains. We consider a finite-sized two-dimensional terrain populated by a finite set of obstacles $O$ = $\{O\sb1,O\sb2,\...,O\sb{n}\}$ where $O\sb{i}$ is a simple polygon with a finite number of vertices. Consider …
Neural Networks With Asynchronous Control., Michael Christopher Stinson
Neural Networks With Asynchronous Control., Michael Christopher Stinson
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Neural network studies have previously focused on monolithic structures. The brain has a bicameral nature, however, and so it is natural to expect that bicameral structures will perform better. This dissertation offers an approach to the development of such bicameral structures. The companion neural structure takes advantage of the global and subset characteristics of the stored memories. Specifically we propose the use of an asynchronous controller C that implies the following update of a probe vector x by the connection matrix T: $x\sp\prime$ = sgn (C(x, TX)). For a VLSI-implemented neural network the controller block can be easily placed in …
Development And Design Of A Fluidized Bed/Upflow Sand Filter Configuration For Use In Recirculating Aquaculture Systems., Daniel G. Burden
Development And Design Of A Fluidized Bed/Upflow Sand Filter Configuration For Use In Recirculating Aquaculture Systems., Daniel G. Burden
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
A fluidized bed/upflow sand filter configuration, was developed and designed for utilization in recirculating aquaculture system, specifically the soft-shell crab and soft-shell crawfish industries. These filters were selected and designed because of their ability to withstand clogging and still maintain high levels of water quality for aquaculture production. The effectiveness of sand grain size was used to evaluate fluidized bed filter performance with filter loadings ranging from 16 to 1285 pounds of crawfish per cubic foot of filter sand. A coarse sand grain size was recommended as a filter media because of it's ability to shear excessive biofilm growth from …
Application Of The Fast Fourier Transform To Impedance Analysis Of Nitrogen - Titanium-Dioxide And Lanthanum-Trifluoride Electrodes., Kenneth Robert Carney
Application Of The Fast Fourier Transform To Impedance Analysis Of Nitrogen - Titanium-Dioxide And Lanthanum-Trifluoride Electrodes., Kenneth Robert Carney
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
A study is presented of the utility of pulse derived waveforms for use in impedance analysis of electrochemical systems. Factors to be considered in optimization of pulse duration and also in the proper implementation of the FFT are discussed. Impedance results are presented for model circuits and for two nonfaradaic electrochemical systems--n-TiO$\sb2$ electrode in aqueous Na$\sb2$SO$\sb4$ and LaF$\sb3$ electrode in aqueous fluoride solution. The techniques developed were applied to model circuits composed of aperiodic elements in order to quantify the decrease in precision with increasing frequency associated with pulse type waveforms. Using 8 bit digital sampling resolution and 512 point …
Cogmir: A Computer Model For Knowledge Integration., Zheng Xin Chen
Cogmir: A Computer Model For Knowledge Integration., Zheng Xin Chen
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Knowledge integration is an important topic for knowledge engineering. In this dissertation, we explore some aspects of knowledge integration, namely, accumulation of scientific knowledge and performing analogical reasoning on the acquired knowledge. Knowledge to be integrated is conveyed by paragraph-like pieces, these pieces will be referred to as documents. By incorporating some results from cognitive science, the Deutsch-Kraft model of information retrieval is extended to a model for knowledge engineering, which integrates acquired knowledge and performs intelligent retrieval. The resulting computer model is termed COGMIR, which stands for a COGnitive Model for Intelligent Retrieval. A scheme, named query invoked memory …
The Investigation Of Platinum-Tellurium/Aluminum-Oxide And Platinum-Antimony/Aluminum-Oxide Bimetallic Reforming Catalysts., Chi Hung Cheng
The Investigation Of Platinum-Tellurium/Aluminum-Oxide And Platinum-Antimony/Aluminum-Oxide Bimetallic Reforming Catalysts., Chi Hung Cheng
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
PtTe/Al$\sb2$O$\sb3$ and PtSb/Al$\sb2$O$\sb3$ bimetallics were characterized as possible reforming catalysts by kinetic studies, mechanistic investigations, and spectroscopic measurements. The results were compared with Pt/Al$\sb2$O$\sb3$ with the aim to understand the effects of tellurium and antimony on the platinum function. Coimpregnated PtTe/Al$\sb2$O$\sb3$ and PtSb/Al$\sb2$O$\sb3$ catalysts exhibited an increase in selectivity for the isomerization of n-hexane. This enhancement in selectivity can be caused either by electronic effects, which increase the specific activities for isomerization, or by geometric effects, which reduce the rate of hydrocracking. The results of the kinetic experiments, along with FTIR spectroscopy of adsorbed carbon monoxide using the isotopic dilution …
Online Detection And Estimation Of Parameter Jumps., Fahmida Nilufar Chowdhury
Online Detection And Estimation Of Parameter Jumps., Fahmida Nilufar Chowdhury
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
In many dynamic systems, the parameters are subject to jumps at unknown points in time. The jumps may be the result of some change in the operating system, or plant failure. In this work a method has been developed for fast detection of these jumps and estimation of the post-jump values. The proposed method is called the Combined Filter Algorithm. It is based on the conventional Kalman filter. Single-sample hypothesis test is used to determine the presence or absence of jumps. Small jumps, missed by the hypothesis test, are traced by a Random Walk Model Kalman filter. This is made …
Classical And Statistical Thermodynamics Of Solid-Liquid Equilibria., John Edward Coon
Classical And Statistical Thermodynamics Of Solid-Liquid Equilibria., John Edward Coon
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The research discussed in this dissertation has been divided into two parts. The first portion deals with the classical thermodynamics of compounds that are typically used as model compounds for coal liquids. The bulk of the work has been an experimental study of the solid-liquid solubilities (SLE) for a large number of these compounds in various solvents and a smaller study of the vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) of some of these systems. The second method is the traditional experimental method for obtaining the activity coefficients which represent the liquid phase nonidealities in a system. The first method is an alternative method …
Circulation And Sediment Dispersal On The Louisiana-Mississippi-Alabama Continental Shelf., Scott Page Dinnel
Circulation And Sediment Dispersal On The Louisiana-Mississippi-Alabama Continental Shelf., Scott Page Dinnel
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The circulation on the LMAS and adjacent regions has been characterized using historical hydrographic data and current meter data. Generalized seasonal circulation patterns have been proposed based on objective data over the inner shelf, outer shelf, and upper slope. Hydrographic data, acquired from the National Oceanographic Data Center, covering the Louisiana-Mississippi-Alabama shelf (LMAS) and slope was analyzed. Seasonal maps of dynamic heights, relative to 500 db, were computed. Inner shelf current data, acquired from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, was analyzed. Three current meter deployments (winter 1980, spring 1981, summer 1981) with up to eight mooring locations, along with …
Regional Identification Of A Concrete Bridge Using Impact-Induced Free Vibration Response., Timothy Douglas Hogue
Regional Identification Of A Concrete Bridge Using Impact-Induced Free Vibration Response., Timothy Douglas Hogue
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
A structural identification methodology propounded by the author is used to identify the modal parameters and synthesize the flexibility matrix of a region of a prototype concrete bridge. Rigorous analytical investigation is employed first. This helps determine critical parameters of the structural model and guide the test procedure so that the best possible data can be attained. The bridge region is then tested using low-level, easily induced impact excitation. This is found to produce broad-banded response with a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio. Methods are suggested to optimize the test procedure so that it can be more systematically applied and so …
The Historical Geography Of Rice Culture In The American South., Jeon Lee
The Historical Geography Of Rice Culture In The American South., Jeon Lee
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The South Atlantic Hearth was the dominant rice producer during the colonial and antebellum periods. Rice production in the region declined after the outbreak of the Civil War, but the region kept the leading position until the 1880s. Along the Lower Mississippi River in southern Louisiana a remarkable amount of rice was produced from the antebellum period, reaching a peak in the 1890s. A major regional shift occurred when rice culture on a large-scale, commercial basis developed in southwestern Louisiana during the 1880s by transplanted Midwesterners. From there it spread into southeastern Texas during the last decade of the nineteenth …
Global Zones Of Particle Precipitation., Muhammad Adel Miah
Global Zones Of Particle Precipitation., Muhammad Adel Miah
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Magnetospheric particles are precipitated at low altitude all over the globe. The study of the physics of the equatorial global zone is important for geospace environment modeling, for knowing the loss processes of radiation belt particles and for the Space Station Project. The equatorial global zone was investigated by the Phoenix-1 experiment on board the S81-1 mission in May through November, 1982. The global profile of the peak flux of quasi-trapped protons follows the line of minimum magnetic field strength, with a FWHM of $\sim$13$\sp\circ$ in latitude. The pitch angle distribution anisotropy index is found to be 19 $\pm$ 2, …
Transcribing For Solo Marimba., Christopher Scott Norton
Transcribing For Solo Marimba., Christopher Scott Norton
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The marimba was ushered into the Western art world early this century. Thus, compositions written specifically for solo marimba are limited. One means of expanding the repertory is to transcribe for marimba. This study discusses the techniques of transcribing for solo marimba. It represents a synthesis of information drawn from examining, performing, and creating transcriptions for marimba. The introductory chapter covers related pertinent and prefatory topics such as a brief history of the marimba and its literature, the necessity for transcriptions, and the benefits and value of transcriptions and transcribing. The second chapter, which constitutes the body of the work, …
The Combustion Of Carbon-Tetrachloride In A High Temperature Methane-Air Flame Environment., John Samuel Morse
The Combustion Of Carbon-Tetrachloride In A High Temperature Methane-Air Flame Environment., John Samuel Morse
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Stable species concentration and temperature profiles are provided for a series of five CCl$\sb4$/CH$\sb4$/air flames studied on a flat flame burner at atmospheric pressure. A detailed description of the facility used to collect this data is given. This system includes a novel flue gas collection and treatment system. A new gas chromatographic technique used to analyze subatmospheric gas samples is described in detail. This technique utilizes gas syringes for sampling of selected C$\sb1$ and C$\sb2$ hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons, as well as fixed gases. Stable species are sampled with aerodynamically cooled quartz microprobes. Temperature measurements are taken with uncoated 0.02 …
Aspects Of Subsurface Brine Formation In Passive Continental Margin Evaporite Basins., Vishnu Ranganathan
Aspects Of Subsurface Brine Formation In Passive Continental Margin Evaporite Basins., Vishnu Ranganathan
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
This dissertation consists of three papers which quantitatively model subsurface brine formation in passive, continental margin evaporite basins. In the first paper, a one dimensional finite difference model is developed to evaluate the brine-forming role of molecular diffusion of dissolved NaCl in the subsidence history of a hypothetical sedimentary basin containing a thick basal halite bed. It is shown that diffusion of dissolved NaCl from evaporites may be an important brine-forming process in young passive margin evaporite basins where evaporites are flat lying or gently dipping and that vertical fluxes of dissolved NaCl are great for basins with slow subsidence …
Physicochemical Properties Of Brown Rice As Influenced By Gamma-Irradiation, Variety And Storage., Veronica Castro Sabularse
Physicochemical Properties Of Brown Rice As Influenced By Gamma-Irradiation, Variety And Storage., Veronica Castro Sabularse
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Effects of gamma-irradiation, variety and storage on physicochemical properties of brown rice from three Louisiana rice varieties: Mars, a medium grain variety, Lemont and Tebonnet, long grain varieties, were determined. Cooking time was significantly reduced in Mars and Lemont at doses of 200 and 300 Krads. Irradiation increased cooking rate, water uptake at 80$\sp\circ$C, water uptake ratios, total solids content in residual cooking liquid and starch damage from 100 to 300 Krad samples. Water uptake at 96$\sp\circ$C generally decreased with increasing dose levels. Evidence indicated alterations in the rice grain structure and composition. The component drastically affected by gamma-irradiation was …
Statistical Mechanical And Experimental Studies Of Thermodynamic Behaviour Of Aromatic Hydrocarbons., Wahyudi Budi Sediawan
Statistical Mechanical And Experimental Studies Of Thermodynamic Behaviour Of Aromatic Hydrocarbons., Wahyudi Budi Sediawan
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Statistical mechanical studies of aromatic hydrocarbon liquids have been conducted. Aromatic rings are modeled as oblate ellipsoids interacting with a modified gaussian overlap potential. This approach has been tested by molecular dynamics simulations and shown to work well for benzene and naphthalene. Addition of quadrupolar interactions further improves the results. More molecular dynamics simulation data for the gaussian overlap potential, the modified gaussian overlap potential, and a dumbell of the modified gaussian overlap potential have also been generated, to test an existing non-spherical based perturbation theory (Fischer's theory) and a newly introduced sphericalized potential method. Both approximations work qualitatively well …
Studies On The Reactions Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons With Nitrogen-Dioxide In Aprotic Solvents., Giuseppe Luciano Squadrito
Studies On The Reactions Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons With Nitrogen-Dioxide In Aprotic Solvents., Giuseppe Luciano Squadrito
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
There is recent evidence that free radical nitration reactions occur in polluted urban air, and that the nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NO$\sb2$-PAH) produced by this reaction pathway account for a substantial amount of the total NO$\sb2$-PAH found in ambient particulate organic matter. The nitration of PAH with nitrogen dioxide in solvents of low polarity has been studied as a model for the reactions occurring in the atmosphere (gas phase). While vast amounts of data are available for the electrophilic ionic nitration and its mechanism of reaction is considered well-established (and often included in sophomore Chemistry books), the literature documents relatively …
Site-Directed Mutagenesis In Fructose 6-Phosphate-1-Kinase From Bacillus Stearothermophilus And Molecular Cloning And Sequencing Of A Partial Human Muscle Fructose 6-Phosphate-1-Kinase Gene., Benigno Calderon Valdez
Site-Directed Mutagenesis In Fructose 6-Phosphate-1-Kinase From Bacillus Stearothermophilus And Molecular Cloning And Sequencing Of A Partial Human Muscle Fructose 6-Phosphate-1-Kinase Gene., Benigno Calderon Valdez
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Fructose 6-phosphate-1-kinase (PFK: EC. 2.7.1.11) catalyzes the phosphorylation of $\beta$-fructose 6-phosphate (Fru 6-P) to $\beta$-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. The first part of this dissertation shows that PFK from Bacillus stearothermophilus (BsPFK) unlike the major PFK from E. coli (EcPFKA) exhibits a hyperbolic profile with respect to Fru 6-P concentration in the absence of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). BsPFK is sensitive to inhibition by high ATP concentrations and competitively inhibited by GDP or ADP. Arg-252 residue of BsPFK has been proposed to be involved in the binding of Fru 6-P. Mutation of this residue to alanine (RA252) increases BsPFK affinity for its inhibitor PEP (a …