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Toward An Expert System For Terrain Analysis., Ravi Narasimhan Jan 1990

Toward An Expert System For Terrain Analysis., Ravi Narasimhan

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Terrain analysis is the systematic study of image patterns relating to the origin, and composition of distinct terrain units called landforms. It takes into account and provides information about physical site factors which are used by civil engineers for evaluating the suitability of a site for a terrain related engineering application. Terrain analysis is a time consuming labor intensive process and requires a significant degree of expertise. In this dissertation, an expert system paradigm has been adopted, for developing a computational approach to terrain analysis problem solving. A methodology was developed for the representation and management of uncertain terrain knowledge. …

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Experimental Investigation Of The Longitudinal Movements Associated With Highway Bridge Joints., Herodotos Antreas Pentas Jan 1990

Experimental Investigation Of The Longitudinal Movements Associated With Highway Bridge Joints., Herodotos Antreas Pentas

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Bridge deck expansion joint systems often develop serious problems requiring extensive and expensive maintenance. This has become a nuisance to users and to bridge engineers, and many states have been involved in investigations aiming to alleviate this problem. Results reported by various states regarding the behavior of specific joint sealing systems have been contradictory, indicating that the problems may not be inherent with the particular system. Rather, the problems may stem from a failure to properly assess the actual joint movements, inadequate design criteria, improper installation procedures or other factors such as differences in environmental conditions. In recognition of these …

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Biochemical Characterization And Gene Mapping Of The Channel Catfish Herpesvirus (Ccv)-Encoded Thymidine Kinase, A Selectable Site For Homologous Recombination., Larry Allen Hanson Jan 1990

Biochemical Characterization And Gene Mapping Of The Channel Catfish Herpesvirus (Ccv)-Encoded Thymidine Kinase, A Selectable Site For Homologous Recombination., Larry Allen Hanson

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The channel catfish herpesvirus (CCV) encodes a thymidine kinase (Tk) which is biochemically distinguishable from it's host, the channel catfish ovary (CCO), and other herpesvirus Tk's. Tk deficient CCO cells (CCOBr) were developed by propagating CCO cells in increasing concentrations of 5-bromo-2$\sp\prime$-deoxyuridine (BUdR). CCV infection produced high Tk activity in these Tk deficient cells. This activity was compared to CCO-Tk in ATP and CTP phosphate donor assays, nucleoside substrate-competition and dTTP feedback inhibition assays. The viral Tk was more competitively inhibited by deoxypurines than cellular Tk and showed less dTTP mediated feedback inhibition. CCO-Tk utilized lower concentrations of ATP more …

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Parallelization Of Goal-Driven, Production Systems On Hypercube Machines In A C Environment., Rajendra Kumar Shrivastava Jan 1990

Parallelization Of Goal-Driven, Production Systems On Hypercube Machines In A C Environment., Rajendra Kumar Shrivastava

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Production systems are widely used in artificial intelligence to capture the notion of expertise in modeling expert systems. Production systems are computationally intensive programs spending most of the execution time in their MATCH or recognise phase. Efforts have been made by the research in this dissertation to minimize the production system's execution time by optimizing the MATCH phase. Goal oriented deterministic production systems are commonly used for robotics applications and formed the main class of production systems that were studied in this dissertation. The main motivation for the research was to provide a better MATCH algorithm and use the multiprocessing …

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Sensitive Cryogenic Transducer Development And Analysis For Use On Gravity Wave Detectors., Norbert Daniel Solomonson Jan 1990

Sensitive Cryogenic Transducer Development And Analysis For Use On Gravity Wave Detectors., Norbert Daniel Solomonson

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The design and development of an improved superconducting inductively modulated transducer is discussed. The transducer is designed to optimize the performance of a 2-mode, resonant bar, gravitational wave antenna. A detailed theoretical analysis which includes all relevant noise sources is described. Conditions for optimizing 2-mode detector performance are derived and design curves are presented. Based on the results of this analysis, an optimal transducer has been designed for use on the LSU gravitational wave detector. The fabrication and testing of several optimal mass 400gm transducer resonators is described. The effects of low temperature annealing on the mechanical Qs of the …

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Studies On Important Volatile Flavor Components In Louisiana Rangia Clam (Rangia Cuneata)., Uraiwan Tanchotikul Jan 1990

Studies On Important Volatile Flavor Components In Louisiana Rangia Clam (Rangia Cuneata)., Uraiwan Tanchotikul

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Important flavor components in Louisiana brackish water clam (Rangia cuneata) were investigated in this dissertation research. Major achievements include: (1) positive identification of the major compound responsible for the objectionable musty/earthy off-flavor in the clam, (2) development of quantitative method to compare the levels of the off-flavor compound in clam samples before and after relaying, and (3) identification of desirable characteristic clam volatile flavor components. The identification of the musty/earthy off-flavor of rangia clam was accomplished by using dynamic headspace sampling (DHS) coupled with high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HRGC/MS) in selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode and HRGC aroma perception. …

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Geochemistry And Origin Of Smackover And Buckner Dolomites (Upper Jurassic), Jay Field Area, Alabama - Florida., Marshall J. Vinet Jan 1990

Geochemistry And Origin Of Smackover And Buckner Dolomites (Upper Jurassic), Jay Field Area, Alabama - Florida., Marshall J. Vinet

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The Smackover-Buckner sequence in the Jay-Big Escambia Creek area has three major lithostratigraphic units: lower Smackover, upper Smackover, and Buckner with an uppermost Smackover transitional sequence. The lower Smackover is regionally extensive, mostly low energy subtidal to intertidal, dolomitized packstones with abundant displacive anhydrite nodules. The upper Smackover is characterized by thick oolite-peloid high energy grainstone buildups generated over Louann salt induced bathymetric highs which were surrounded by areas of low energy, subtidal mudstones-wackestones. The Buckner is mostly nodular mosaic anhydrite with minor amounts of dolomite mudstones-packstones. Below the Smackover-Buckner contact in the grainstone areas is a transitional sequence (referred …

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Formation Evaluation Using Temperature Buildup Curves., Hui Xu Jan 1990

Formation Evaluation Using Temperature Buildup Curves., Hui Xu

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation presents a formation evaluation method using the formation thermal properties (heat conductivity and volumetric heat capacity). The formation heat conductivity is determined by a modified Horner method, and the volumetric heat capacity is determined by the temperature buildup curve matching method. The comparisons show that the pressure and temperature diffusivity equations and initial and boundary conditions are similar. Therefore, the temperature diffusivity equation can be solved by a method similar to that used in solving the pressure diffusivity equation. The wellbore fluid storage effect is an important boundary condition and is considered in the solution of the temperature …

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Barrier Island Evolution, Delta Plain Development, And Chenier Plain Formation In Louisiana., Patrick Shea Penland Jan 1990

Barrier Island Evolution, Delta Plain Development, And Chenier Plain Formation In Louisiana., Patrick Shea Penland

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Coastal Louisiana has long served as a laboratory for delta and chenier plain research due to the presence of North America's largest river, the Mississippi. The development and preservation of transgressive depositional systems in abandoned delta complexes follows the process of transgressive submergence in which the horizontal component of reworking occurs during shoreface retreat, combined with a vertical component of submergence acting to preserve the sequence. The evolution of transgressive depositional systems in each of the abandoned Holocene Mississippi River delta complexes can be summarized in a three-stage model beginning with stage 1, an erosional headland and flanking barriers; stage …

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A New Approach To Analyzing High-Resolution Aerial Photographs Of Urban Areas., Timothy Dwayne Phillips Jan 1990

A New Approach To Analyzing High-Resolution Aerial Photographs Of Urban Areas., Timothy Dwayne Phillips

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation proposes a new approach for analyzing high resolution aerial photographs of urban areas. Analyzing aerial photographs is the process of constructing an overall description of a scene. It involves knowledge of visual sensors, computing systems, artificial intelligence, software engineering, and perceptual psychology. Researchers have had only limited success in this area. This dissertation considers a high level analysis approach. Most aerial photograph interpretation systems concentrate on analyzing an airport, roadway, or urban scene. Those systems, however, do not explain how they know they were examining such a scene. This dissertation concentrates on how to reach that point. It …

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Analysis For Creep, Shrinkage And Temperature Effects On Expansion Joint Movements In Composite Prestressed Concrete Bridges., Keith Joseph Rebello Jan 1990

Analysis For Creep, Shrinkage And Temperature Effects On Expansion Joint Movements In Composite Prestressed Concrete Bridges., Keith Joseph Rebello

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

A rigorous and efficient analytical model to predict the long-term deformation behavior of bridges with multiple, precast, pretensioned, prestressed concrete girders supporting cast-in-place-concrete deck slabs, was developed. The analytical procedure uses the finite element method with three-dimensional 20-node isoparametric elements to realistically model bridge geometry. Time dependent effects due to load and temperature history, creep, shrinkage and aging of concrete are included in the analysis. Creep and shrinkage strains are evaluated at different times using the more commonly used procedures, namely, the ACI-209, Bazant-Panula II and CEB-FIP procedures. Temperature strains are calculated from an assumed typical bridge temperature distribution based …

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The Development Of A Prototype Knowledge-Based Expert System To Assist Vocational Educators In The Development Of The Local Plan Application For Vocational Education Funds., Brady Keith Levrier Jan 1990

The Development Of A Prototype Knowledge-Based Expert System To Assist Vocational Educators In The Development Of The Local Plan Application For Vocational Education Funds., Brady Keith Levrier

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The Carl D. Perkins Act of 1984 provides significant financial support for the enhancement and expansion of secondary and post-secondary vocational education programs in the United States. Individual states are required to develop a State Plan for the use of Carl D. Perkins vocational funds. The formulation of this State Plan requires the development of Local Plans on the part of local education agencies who wish to participate in this program. These Local Plans are then compiled to form the State Plan which then is presented to the Department of Education for review. The annual Local Plan development process is …

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Specific Cell Adhesion And Its Application To Monitoring And Control Of Mixed Culture Bioreactors., Joseph William Roos Jan 1990

Specific Cell Adhesion And Its Application To Monitoring And Control Of Mixed Culture Bioreactors., Joseph William Roos

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Specific cell adhesion was proposed as a means to separate and selectively remove or recycle a population in a mixed culture reactor. Theoretical analysis indicated that stable coexistence steady states of competitive mixed cultures and unstable recombinant cultures are possible with this method. Specific cell adhesion was used to separate populations of Escherichia coli based on their expression of maltoporin an outer membrane protein. This separation was possible due to maltoporin binding immobilized starch. Various methods for operating a packed bed of the immobilized starch support are reported. Operating conditions are identified that allow quantitative estimates of populations based on …

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Iron-Tellurium And Iron-Tellurium-Selenium Mixed Oxide Catalysts For The Selective Oxidation Of 1-Butene To 1,3-Butadiene And Propylene To Acrolein., Bharat M. Patel Jan 1990

Iron-Tellurium And Iron-Tellurium-Selenium Mixed Oxide Catalysts For The Selective Oxidation Of 1-Butene To 1,3-Butadiene And Propylene To Acrolein., Bharat M. Patel

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Mixed oxides of iron-tellurium and iron-tellurium-selenium have been prepared by hydrothermal crystallization, solid state thermal reaction and coprecipitation from aqueous solution. The oxides were tested as catalysts in oxidative dehydrogenation of 1-butene to 1,3-butadiene and selective oxidation of propylene to acrolein in the temperature range 340-400$\sp\circ$C and 270-310$\sp\circ$C, respectively. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, BET, mercury porosimetry, electron dispersive X-ray analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and isotopic tracer techniques have been used to characterize these catalysts. The mixed oxides synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization were highly crystalline. Both activity and selectivity for 1-butene reaction were dependent on …

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An Economic Analysis Of Forest Land Leasing For Deer Hunting In Louisiana, Mark L. Messonnier Jan 1990

An Economic Analysis Of Forest Land Leasing For Deer Hunting In Louisiana, Mark L. Messonnier

LSU Agricultural Experiment Station Reports

No abstract provided.

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Using The Domestic Chicken Egg For Culturing Preimplantation Mammalian Embryos., Eldred Griffin Blakewood Jan 1990

Using The Domestic Chicken Egg For Culturing Preimplantation Mammalian Embryos., Eldred Griffin Blakewood

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

A novel embryo culture system has been developed using 96-hour chick embryos. One to four mammalian embryos can be injected into the chick embryo amnion (CEA) and allowed to develop for 72 to 96 hours. Pronuclear-stage mouse embryos from two different strains were cultured in the CEA or in Whitten's medium. There were more expanded blastocysts from one strain of embryos when cultured in the CEA. More hatched blastocysts resulted from embryos of both strains when cultured in the CEA. Two to eight-cell goat embryos cultured in the CEA for 72 hours or on cell monolayers reached to blastocyst stage …

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Usage-Dependent Information Systems Design., Jin-Soo Kim Jan 1990

Usage-Dependent Information Systems Design., Jin-Soo Kim

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Usage-dependent phenomenon has been commonly observed in computer information systems (CIS). Since the performance of CIS greatly depends on the phenomenon, how to model it is an important CIS design issue. A usage process model (the Simon-Yule model) for modeling the usage--dependent phenomenon is proposed. The model is modified and successfully applied to the performance evaluation of self-organizing linear search heuristics. Analytical and empirical results indicate that the model provides a realistic performance evaluation of the heuristics and presents a solution to the research open problems which have been unsolved for more than two decades. Furthermore, the results lead to …

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Formation And Transformation Characteristics Of Magnetite (Iron(3)Oxygen(4)) Under Different Laboratory And Field Conditions., Seifollah Nasrazadani Jan 1990

Formation And Transformation Characteristics Of Magnetite (Iron(3)Oxygen(4)) Under Different Laboratory And Field Conditions., Seifollah Nasrazadani

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Formation and transformation characteristics of different kinds of magnetite were studied extensively in this work. Magnetites containing various amounts of cation deficiencies were characterized using magnetization data, lattice parameters, and Infrared Absorption Spectrophotometry. It is shown that $\alpha$-Fe$\sb2$O$\sb3$ nucleates in $\gamma$-Fe$\sb2$O$\sb3$ during the oxidation process of magnetite. Relative defect contents of several laboratory synthesized as well as field samples were obtained and correlated to their IR patterns. Stability criteria of magnetite formed under atmospheric conditions were probed into utilizing laboratory fog tests and it was concluded that in wet/dry cyclic testing continuous wetting or wetting in excess of 90% of …

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The Dynamical Behavior Of Rodlike Polymers In Concentrated Solutions., Larry Mark Delong Jan 1990

The Dynamical Behavior Of Rodlike Polymers In Concentrated Solutions., Larry Mark Delong

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

In chapter One, zero angle depolarized light scattering methods for particle size determinations are demonstrated by a study on aqueous colloidal suspensions of titanium dioxide. Previous results on a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) latex suspension are also briefly recounted and updated to include reanalysis by an additional independent Laplace inversion method, Provencher's CONTIN. Size distributions may be obtained by Laplace inversion of the correlation functions, with excellent agreement among the various Laplace inversion algorithms. Resolution is greatly enhanced, since rotational motions, which are more sensitive to size than translational motions, are detected at zero angle. In Chapter Two, combined static and quasielastic light …

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Effects Of Rock/Cutter Friction On Pdc Bit Drilling Performance: An Experimental And Theoretical Study., Ergun Kuru Jan 1990

Effects Of Rock/Cutter Friction On Pdc Bit Drilling Performance: An Experimental And Theoretical Study., Ergun Kuru

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

A new mechanistic drilling model for PDC bits was derived from the balance of forces acting at the PDC cutter. The model combined the torque and the drilling rate equations, cutter's geometry and rock properties. A new understanding of frictionally generated heat between rock and PDC cutter is introduced. The numerical analysis revealed that neglecting the heat generated at the cutting surface area results in underestimation of the actual wearflat temperature by 10% to 530%, depending upon bit dull and downhole hydraulics. The example bit performance comparison made by calculating the MBP curves showed 18% reduction of drilling rate when …

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Environmental And Economic Influences On The Oyster Fishery Of Lower Barataria Bay, Louisiana., Earl Joseph Melancon Jr Jan 1990

Environmental And Economic Influences On The Oyster Fishery Of Lower Barataria Bay, Louisiana., Earl Joseph Melancon Jr

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

A three year study, 1982-85, of eight oystermen bedding on 19 leases in lower Barataria Bay was designed to determine lease production, fuel, labor and energy inputs and the expenses to operate. The data was then incorporated into a bioeconomic model of the lower Bay. Commercial yield ratios (sacks harvested:sacks bedded) per lease ranged from 0.03$-$1.68:1. The two lowest lease yields were the result of vandalism and poaching, respectively. A multiple linear equation developed from the data predicts that as salinity and water temperature increase, lease yields decrease. Utilization of the Bay's bedding leases are dependent on seed obtained from …

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Relational Aftermath: Accounts Of Marital Dissolution To Social Network Members., Linda Malone Pledger Jan 1990

Relational Aftermath: Accounts Of Marital Dissolution To Social Network Members., Linda Malone Pledger

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Relationship dissolution is a complex process that involves more than the act of termination. The process affects and is affected by an individual's communication with members of the social network. The attributions made by the individual to account for the dissolution constitute an attempt at failure management. This study was undertaken to determine how the strategies used to manage the failure event of divorce vary according to social network groups, gender, and expectation of approval. One hundred eleven divorced individuals completed questionnaires soliciting recollection of accounts made to family, friends, and acquaintances regarding their divorce. Findings include (1) excuses were …

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Factors Influencing The Selection Of Business Majors As Perceived By University Business Students., E. Evaline Echols Jan 1990

Factors Influencing The Selection Of Business Majors As Perceived By University Business Students., E. Evaline Echols

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The objectives of this study were to: describe business majors in Tennessee universities affiliated with the National Association of Business Teacher Education (NABTE), compare the demographic characteristics of business students among groups of majors, determine the perceived degree of desirability of various business majors, determine the perceived influence of various factors on the selection of a college major by business students and groups of business majors, determine why business students did not choose business teacher education as a major, determine student perceptions toward careers and majors, and compare student perceptions toward careers and majors among different groups of business majors. …

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Discharge-Suspended Sediment Relationships In The Mississippi-Atchafalaya Rivers System, Louisiana., Joann Mossa Jan 1990

Discharge-Suspended Sediment Relationships In The Mississippi-Atchafalaya Rivers System, Louisiana., Joann Mossa

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Although suspension is the dominant mode of material transport in rivers world-wide, concepts of suspended sediment transport have come mostly from studies of small rivers. This study describes relationships between discharge and suspended sediment in a large river system, the Mississippi-Atchafalaya in south Louisiana. The primary objectives are: (1) to determine whether the suspended silt-clay and sand follow different relationships with discharge because the silt-clay is supplied largely from the basin whereas the sand is supplied largely from the channel perimeter; and (2) to determine whether hysteresis effects differ in high as compared to low discharge years because of conditions …

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The Introduction Of A Gene Encoding A Novel Peptide Into Plants To Increase Plant Bacterial Resistance., Pablito Garcia Nagpala Jan 1990

The Introduction Of A Gene Encoding A Novel Peptide Into Plants To Increase Plant Bacterial Resistance., Pablito Garcia Nagpala

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

A 38 amino acid long peptide, Shiva-1, was designed and chemically synthesized in our laboratory. Shiva-1 has only 46% amino acid homology with the naturally occurring lytic peptide from Hyalophora cecropia, known as Cecropin B. However, hydrophobic properties and charge density of the natural molecule were conserved at 100% in the synthetic peptide. This novel peptide was shown to be capable of killing a number of different species of plant pathogenic bacteria at nanomolar concentrations. Comparative studies show that Shiva-1 is more effective in this bacteriolytic activity than Cecropin B. The gene for Shiva-1 was chemically synthesized and cloned into …

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Parametric Motion Transducer For Gravitational Wave Detectors., Odylio Denys De Aguiar Jan 1990

Parametric Motion Transducer For Gravitational Wave Detectors., Odylio Denys De Aguiar

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

We designed, constructed, and tested (using two different low phase noise electrical pump generators) a cryogenic double-resonant parabridge motion transducer made out of niobium, whose electrical output was amplified by a two stage MESFET cryogenic amplifier. Most of the experimental results agreed well with the theoretical models, and we successfully measured the mechanical Brownian motion of this transducer. We were able to adjust the two electrical bridge resonant frequencies on top of each other at the pump frequency, allowing us to obtain an electromechanical coupling as high as 0.054. This high coupling, corresponding to an rms electric field strength of …

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The Design And Expression Of A Synthetic Gene Encoding A Novel Polypeptide To Enhance The Quality Of Plant Protein., Jaeho Kim Jan 1990

The Design And Expression Of A Synthetic Gene Encoding A Novel Polypeptide To Enhance The Quality Of Plant Protein., Jaeho Kim

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

A novel protein (HEAAE II, High Essential Amino Acid Encoding Protein), rich in essential amino acids (75% of total), was designed and constructed in our laboratory. The monomeric form of the protein consists of 20 amino acid residues with four additional amino acids comprising a potential $\beta$-turn. Circular dichroism and size exclusion analysis demonstrated, that the monomer exists in a stable $\alpha$-helical conformation that self-aggregates in aqueous solution to form higher ordered multimeric structures, which are very reminiscent of natural plant storage proteins. The DNA encoding this amino acid sequence was synthesized, and from this monomeric gene fragment, the tetrameric …

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Gas Kick Behavior During Well Control Operations In Vertical And Slanted Wells., Edson Yoshihito Nakagawa Jan 1990

Gas Kick Behavior During Well Control Operations In Vertical And Slanted Wells., Edson Yoshihito Nakagawa

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

An experimental study for the determination of the gas fraction and gas velocity in the mud during gas kick control operations was performed. It consisted of two-phase flow of gas-water and gas-mud mixtures through a 14 m (46 ft) fully eccentric annular section of an experimental apparatus. The inclination from the vertical position was varied from 0$\sp\circ$ to 80$\sp\circ$. The results from these tests allowed the evaluation of a previous model for gas bubbles in vertical wells. They also provided support for modifications of that model concerning two aspects: extending its application to slanted wells and improving the simulation in …

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Combining Physical And Numerical Simulation To Investigate The Carbon Dioxide Huff 'N' Puff Process For Enhanced Light Oil Recovery., Jacob Thomas Jan 1990

Combining Physical And Numerical Simulation To Investigate The Carbon Dioxide Huff 'N' Puff Process For Enhanced Light Oil Recovery., Jacob Thomas

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Cyclic CO$\sb2$ injection, more commonly referred to as the CO$\sb2$ huff 'n' puff process, is an enhanced oil recovery method which targets remaining oil. Initially used for heavy oil recovery, it has been applied recently to the enhanced recovery of light oil with promising results. The CO$\sb2$ huff 'n' puff process is physically simulated in laboratory experiments using Berea sandstone consolidated cores with live and dead oil systems. Corefloods provide extensive and systematic data at controlled conditions allowing selected process parameters to be investigated. This research used corefloods to examine the effect of an initial gas saturation and an impure …

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Investigation Of Flow Patterns In Various Wastewater Treatment Facilities, Thomas Joseph Martin Jr Nov 1989

Investigation Of Flow Patterns In Various Wastewater Treatment Facilities, Thomas Joseph Martin Jr

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The theoretical hydraulic retention time of wastewater treatment plants is often used to predict the efficiency of treatment and to calculate operational parameters. However, these values are related to the actual hydraulic retention time. When there is a large discrepancy between the actual and predicted values, the actual hydraulic retention time can be determined by marking a parcel of wastewater and recording its passage through the system. This investigation utilized rhodamine WT, a fluorescent dye, to track the movement of wastewater through a stabilization lagoon and a rock-reed filter. The loss of rhodamine WT to sorption, biodegradation and photodegradation was …

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