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Peg3 Mutational Effects On Reproduction And Placenta-Specific Gene Families, Joomyeong Kim, Wesley D. Frey, Hongzhi He, Hana Kim, Muhammad B. Ekram, Arundhati Bakshi, Mohammad Faisal, Bambarendage P.U. Perera, An Ye, Ryoichi Teruyama Dec 2013

Peg3 Mutational Effects On Reproduction And Placenta-Specific Gene Families, Joomyeong Kim, Wesley D. Frey, Hongzhi He, Hana Kim, Muhammad B. Ekram, Arundhati Bakshi, Mohammad Faisal, Bambarendage P.U. Perera, An Ye, Ryoichi Teruyama

Faculty Publications

Peg3 (paternally expressed gene 3) is an imprinted gene encoding a DNA-binding protein. This gene plays important roles in controlling fetal growth rates and nurturing behaviors. In the current study, a new mutant mouse model has been generated to further characterize the functions of this DNA-binding protein. Besides known phenotypes, this new mutant model also revealed potential roles of Peg3 in mammalian reproduction. Female heterozygotes produce a much smaller number of mature oocytes than the wild-type littermates, resulting in reduced litter sizes. According to genome-wide expression analyses, several placenta-specific gene families are de-repressed in the brain of Peg3 heterozygous embryos, …

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Factors Influencing Survival Of White-Tailed Deer Fawns In Coastal South Carolina, J. Clint Mccoy, Stephen S. Ditchkoff, Joshua B. Raglin, Bret A. Collier, Charles Ruth Dec 2013

Factors Influencing Survival Of White-Tailed Deer Fawns In Coastal South Carolina, J. Clint Mccoy, Stephen S. Ditchkoff, Joshua B. Raglin, Bret A. Collier, Charles Ruth

Faculty Publications

The social and environmental pressures exerted on white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus in the southeastern United States are dynamic. Understanding factors that contribute to neonatal white-tailed deer mortality is vital to population management. To determine survival rates and causes of mortality, we captured and radio-monitored neonate white-tailed deer in the coastal plain of South Carolina. Using date of birth, mass, sex, age, and year as predictor variables, we created a candidate set of survival models to evaluate which factors influenced daily survival rates. We captured and monitored 210 fawns and recorded 68 total mortalities (32.3%). We recorded few mortalities in 2006 …

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Model Combustion-Generated Particulate Matter Containing Persistent Free Radicals Redox Cycle To Produce Reactive Oxygen Species, Matthew A. Kelley, Valeria Y. Hebert, Taylor M. Thibeaux, Mackenzie A. Orchard, Farhana Hasan, Stephania A. Cormier, Paul T. Thevenot, Slawomir M. Lomnicki, Kurt J. Varner, Barry Dellinger, Brian M. Latimer, Tammy R. Dugas Dec 2013

Model Combustion-Generated Particulate Matter Containing Persistent Free Radicals Redox Cycle To Produce Reactive Oxygen Species, Matthew A. Kelley, Valeria Y. Hebert, Taylor M. Thibeaux, Mackenzie A. Orchard, Farhana Hasan, Stephania A. Cormier, Paul T. Thevenot, Slawomir M. Lomnicki, Kurt J. Varner, Barry Dellinger, Brian M. Latimer, Tammy R. Dugas

Faculty Publications

Particulate matter (PM) is emitted during thermal decomposition of waste. During this process, aromatic compounds chemisorb to the surface of metal-oxide-containing PM, forming a surface-stabilized environmentally persistent free radical (EPFR). We hypothesized that EPFR-containing PM redox cycle to produce ROS and that this redox cycle is maintained in biological environments. To test our hypothesis, we incubated model EPFRs with the fluorescent probe dihydrorhodamine (DHR). Marked increases in DHR fluorescence were observed. Using a more specific assay, hydroxyl radicals ( •OH) were also detected, and their level was further increased by cotreatment with thiols or ascorbic acid (AA), known components of …

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Unrecognized Coral Species Diversity Masks Differences In Functional Ecology, Jennifer N. Boulay, Michael E. Hellberg, Jorge Cortés, Iliana B. Baums Dec 2013

Unrecognized Coral Species Diversity Masks Differences In Functional Ecology, Jennifer N. Boulay, Michael E. Hellberg, Jorge Cortés, Iliana B. Baums

Faculty Publications

Porites corals are foundation species on Pacific reefs but a confused taxonomy hinders understanding of their ecosystem function and responses to climate change. Here, we show that what has been considered a single species in the eastern tropical Pacific, Porites lobata, includes a morphologically similar yet ecologically distinct species, Porites evermanni. While P. lobata reproduces mainly sexually, P. evermanni dominates in areas where triggerfish prey on bioeroding mussels living within the coral skeleton, thereby generating asexual coral fragments. These fragments proliferate in marginal habitat not colonized by P. lobata. The two Porites species also show a differential bleaching response despite …

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Decay Of Interspecific Avian Flock Networks Along A Disturbance Gradient In Amazonia, Karl Mokross, Thomas B. Ryder, Marina Corrêa Côrtes, Jared D. Wolfe, Philip C. Stouffer Dec 2013

Decay Of Interspecific Avian Flock Networks Along A Disturbance Gradient In Amazonia, Karl Mokross, Thomas B. Ryder, Marina Corrêa Côrtes, Jared D. Wolfe, Philip C. Stouffer

Faculty Publications

Our understanding of how anthropogenic habitat change shapes species interactions is in its infancy. This is in large part because analytical approaches such as network theory have only recently been applied to characterize complex community dynamics. Network models are a powerful tool for quantifying how ecological interactions are affected by habitat modification because they provide metrics that quantify community structure and function. Here, we examine how large-scale habitat alteration has affected ecological interactions among mixed-species flocking birds in Amazonian rainforest. These flocks provide a model system for investigating how habitat heterogeneity influences non-trophic interactions and the subsequent social structure of …

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Exploring The " Dark Matter" Of A Mammalian Proteome By Protein Structure And Function Modeling, Michal Brylinski Dec 2013

Exploring The " Dark Matter" Of A Mammalian Proteome By Protein Structure And Function Modeling, Michal Brylinski

Faculty Publications

Background: A growing body of evidence shows that gene products encoded by short open reading frames play key roles in numerous cellular processes. Yet, they are generally overlooked in genome assembly, escaping annotation because small protein-coding genes are difficult to predict computationally. Consequently, there are still a considerable number of small proteins whose functions are yet to be characterized.Results: To address this issue, we apply a collection of structural bioinformatics algorithms to infer molecular function of putative small proteins from the mouse proteome. Specifically, we construct 1,743 confident structure models of small proteins, which reveal a significant structural diversity with …

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The Pseudomonas Syringaepv. Tomatotype Iii Effector Hopm1 Suppresses Arabidopsis Defenses Independent Of Suppressing Salicylic Acid Signaling And Of Targeting Atmin7, Anju Gangadharan, Mysore Venkatarau Sreerekha, Justin Whitehill, Jong Hyun Ham, David Mackey Dec 2013

The Pseudomonas Syringaepv. Tomatotype Iii Effector Hopm1 Suppresses Arabidopsis Defenses Independent Of Suppressing Salicylic Acid Signaling And Of Targeting Atmin7, Anju Gangadharan, Mysore Venkatarau Sreerekha, Justin Whitehill, Jong Hyun Ham, David Mackey

Faculty Publications

Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strain DC3000 (Pto) delivers several effector proteins promoting virulence, including HopM1, into plant cells via type III secretion. HopM1 contributes to full virulence of Pto by inducing degradation of Arabidopsis proteins, including AtMIN7, an ADP ribosylation factor-guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola strain NPS3121 (Pph) lacks a functional HopM1 and elicits robust defenses in Arabidopsis thaliana, including accumulation of pathogenesis related 1 (PR-1) protein and deposition of callose-containing cell wall fortifications. We have examined the effects of heterologously expressed HopM1Pto on Pph-induced defenses. HopM1 suppresses Pphinduced PR-1 expression, a widely used marker for salicylic …

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Social Regulation Of Male Reproductive Plasticity In An African Cichlid Fish, Karen P. Maruska, Russell D. Fernald Dec 2013

Social Regulation Of Male Reproductive Plasticity In An African Cichlid Fish, Karen P. Maruska, Russell D. Fernald

Faculty Publications

Social interactions with the outcome of a position in a dominance hierarchy can have profound effects on reproductive behavior and physiology, requiring animals to integrate environmental information with their internal physiological state; but how is salient information from the animal's dynamic social environment transformed into adaptive behavioral, physiological, and molecular-level changes? The African cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni, is ideally suited to understand socially controlled reproductive plasticity because activity of the male reproductive (brainpituitary gonad) axis is tightly linked to social status. Males form hierarchies in which a small percentage of brightly colored dominant individuals have an active reproductive axis, defend …

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Consolidation And Suspension Of Mud From Lake Lery And Relevance To Wetland Restoration In Louisiana, Edward L. Lo Dec 2013

Consolidation And Suspension Of Mud From Lake Lery And Relevance To Wetland Restoration In Louisiana, Edward L. Lo

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Area-Wide Management Of Aedes Albopictus. Part 2: Gauging The Efficacy Of Traditional Integrated Pest Control Measures Against Urban Container Mosquitoes, Dina M. Fonseca, Isik Unlu, Taryn Crepeau, Ary Farajollahi, Sean P. Healy, Kristen Bartlett-Healy, Daniel Strickman, Randy Gaugler, George Hamilton, Daniel Kline, Gary G. Clark Dec 2013

Area-Wide Management Of Aedes Albopictus. Part 2: Gauging The Efficacy Of Traditional Integrated Pest Control Measures Against Urban Container Mosquitoes, Dina M. Fonseca, Isik Unlu, Taryn Crepeau, Ary Farajollahi, Sean P. Healy, Kristen Bartlett-Healy, Daniel Strickman, Randy Gaugler, George Hamilton, Daniel Kline, Gary G. Clark

Faculty Publications

Background: Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) is an important disease vector and biting nuisance. During the 2009 active season, six ∼1000-parcel sites were studied, three in urban and three in suburban areas of New Jersey, United States, to examine the efficacy of standard integrated urban mosquito control strategies applied area wide. Active source reduction, larviciding, adulticiding and public education (source reduction through education) were implemented in one site in each county, an education-only approach was developed in a second site and a third site was used as an untreated experimental control. Populations were surveyed weekly with BG-Sentinel traps and ovitraps. Results: …

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Formin-Based Control Of The Actin Cytoskeleton During Cytokinesis, K. Adam Bohnert, Alaina H. Willet, David R. Kovar, Kathleen L. Gould Dec 2013

Formin-Based Control Of The Actin Cytoskeleton During Cytokinesis, K. Adam Bohnert, Alaina H. Willet, David R. Kovar, Kathleen L. Gould

Faculty Publications

Cytokinesis, the terminal event in the canonical cell cycle, physically separates daughter cells following mitosis. For cleavage to occur in many eukaryotes, a cytokinetic ring must assemble and constrict between divided genomes. Although dozens of different molecules localize to and participate within the cytokinetic ring, the core machinery comprises linear actin filaments. Accordingly, formins, which nucleate and elongate F-actin (filamentous actin) for the cytokinetic ring, are required for cytokinesis in diverse species. In the present article, we discuss specific modes of formin-based actin regulation during cell division and highlight emerging mechanisms and questions on this topic. © 2013 Biochemical Society.

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Characterization Of Microsatellite Loci For A Threatened Species, The King Rail, Rallus Elegans, Using A Next-Generation Sequencing Protocol, Carol L. Brackett, James M. Maley, Robb T. Brumfield, Susan B. Mcrae Dec 2013

Characterization Of Microsatellite Loci For A Threatened Species, The King Rail, Rallus Elegans, Using A Next-Generation Sequencing Protocol, Carol L. Brackett, James M. Maley, Robb T. Brumfield, Susan B. Mcrae

Faculty Publications

The King Rail Rallus elegans (Audubon) has experienced population declines of 4.6 % per year on average since the 1960s. Wetland loss, most severely affecting inland marshes, has significantly reduced this species' distribution to the coastal margins of its historic range. Polymorphic microsatellite markers were generated by 454 pyrosequencing of genomic DNA from King Rails, and Clapper Rails R. longirostris from Louisiana after AFLP enrichment and barcoding of restriction fragment cut sites across individuals. Of 1,419 microsatellite-containing sequences, 20 hypervariable microsatellite loci with up to 20 different alleles were identified at the alignment stage. We characterized nine loci, tested variability …

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Evaluation Of Hand-Held Meters For Determination Of Hemolymph Lactate And Protein Concentrations In Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus Clarkii, Christopher P. Bonvillain, D. Allen Rutherford, William E. Kelso, Christopher C. Green Dec 2013

Evaluation Of Hand-Held Meters For Determination Of Hemolymph Lactate And Protein Concentrations In Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus Clarkii, Christopher P. Bonvillain, D. Allen Rutherford, William E. Kelso, Christopher C. Green

Faculty Publications

We evaluated the accuracy of an Accutrend® lactate meter and a Reichert® Vet 360 temperature compensated refractometer for determining red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) hemolymph lactate and protein concentrations, with results compared to measurements obtained from spectrophotometric analyses. Results from the lactate meter (R2 = 0.926) and refractometer (R2 = 0.830) both demonstrated strong relationships with spectrophotometer measurements, indicating that these instruments provide rapid, reliable, and economical methods for determining crayfish hemolymph lactate and protein concentrations. Both meters can provide on-site information to commercial crayfish farmers and processors to assess crayfish health and stress levels, and can also …

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Phylogeny, Diversity, And Biogeography Of Southeast Asian Spiny Rats (Maxomys), Anang S. Achmadi, Jacob A. Esselstyn, Kevin C. Rowe, Ibnu Maryanto, M. T. Abdullah Dec 2013

Phylogeny, Diversity, And Biogeography Of Southeast Asian Spiny Rats (Maxomys), Anang S. Achmadi, Jacob A. Esselstyn, Kevin C. Rowe, Ibnu Maryanto, M. T. Abdullah

Faculty Publications

Knowledge of the diversity and relationships of species in many groups of plants and animals in Southeast Asia is severely limited, preventing an integrative understanding of evolutionary and ecological processes in island archipelagos. We generated a 3-locus DNA sequence data set to estimate phylogenetic relationships among species and populations of Maxomys, a genus of rodents endemic to Southeast Asia. Our inclusion of Crunomys as a potential outgroup supported the monophyly of Crunomys, but the genus was deeply nested within Maxomys. Because of the relatively ancient divergences (mean uncorrected p-distances up to 0.15 in cytochrome-b sequences) among species of Maxomys and …

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Distribution Of Seaside Sparrows (Ammodramus Maritimus) During The Breeding And Nonbreeding Seasons, Bonnie J. Slaton Dec 2013

Distribution Of Seaside Sparrows (Ammodramus Maritimus) During The Breeding And Nonbreeding Seasons, Bonnie J. Slaton

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Gravitational Pull Does Not Explain Undershooting Target Locations In Complete Darkness, Allyson French Dec 2013

Gravitational Pull Does Not Explain Undershooting Target Locations In Complete Darkness, Allyson French

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Nonlinear Scoring Functions For Similarity-Based Ligand Docking And Binding Affinity Prediction, Michal Brylinski Nov 2013

Nonlinear Scoring Functions For Similarity-Based Ligand Docking And Binding Affinity Prediction, Michal Brylinski

Faculty Publications

A common strategy for virtual screening considers a systematic docking of a large library of organic compounds into the target sites in protein receptors with promising leads selected based on favorable intermolecular interactions. Despite a continuous progress in the modeling of protein-ligand interactions for pharmaceutical design, important challenges still remain, thus the development of novel techniques is required. In this communication, we describe eSimDock, a new approach to ligand docking and binding affinity prediction. eSimDock employs nonlinear machine learning-based scoring functions to improve the accuracy of ligand ranking and similarity-based binding pose prediction, and to increase the tolerance to structural …

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Analysis Of Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla) Specific Alu Repeats, Adam T. Mclain, Glenn W. Carman, Mitchell L. Fullerton, Thomas O. Beckstrom, William Gensler, Thomas J. Meyer, Christopher Faulk, Mark A. Batzer Nov 2013

Analysis Of Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla) Specific Alu Repeats, Adam T. Mclain, Glenn W. Carman, Mitchell L. Fullerton, Thomas O. Beckstrom, William Gensler, Thomas J. Meyer, Christopher Faulk, Mark A. Batzer

Faculty Publications

Background: Research into great ape genomes has revealed widely divergent activity levels over time for Alu elements. However, the diversity of this mobile element family in the genome of the western lowland gorilla has previously been uncharacterized. Alu elements are primate-specific short interspersed elements that have been used as phylogenetic and population genetic markers for more than two decades. Alu elements are present at high copy number in the genomes of all primates surveyed thus far. The AluY subfamily and its derivatives have been recognized as the evolutionarily youngest Alu subfamily in the Old World primate lineage. Results: Here we …

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Ionic Liquid-Based Fluorescein Colorimetric Ph Nanosensors, Susmita Das, Paul K.S. Magut, Sergio L. De Rooy, Farhana Hasan, Isiah M. Warner Nov 2013

Ionic Liquid-Based Fluorescein Colorimetric Ph Nanosensors, Susmita Das, Paul K.S. Magut, Sergio L. De Rooy, Farhana Hasan, Isiah M. Warner

Faculty Publications

A novel pH sensitive, colorimetric ionic liquid nanosensor based on phosphonium salts of fluorescein is reported. Herein, fluorescein salts of various stoichiometries were synthesized by use of a trihexyltetradecylphosphonium cation [TTP]+ in combination with dianionic [FL]2- and monoanionic [FL]- fluorescein. Nanomaterials derived from these two compounds yielded contrasting colorimetric responses in neutral and acidic environments. Variations in fluorescence spectra as a function of pH were also observed. Examination of TEM and DLS data revealed significant expansion in the diameter of [TTP]2[FL] nanodroplets in acidic environments of variable pHs. A similar trend was also observed for [TTP][FL] nanoparticles. The pH dependent …

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Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Α1 But Not Α2 Catalytic Subunit Potentiates Myogenin Expression And Myogenesis, Xing Fu, Jun Xing Zhao, Mei Jun Zhu, Marc Foretz, Benoit Viollet, Mike V. Dodson, Min Du Nov 2013

Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Α1 But Not Α2 Catalytic Subunit Potentiates Myogenin Expression And Myogenesis, Xing Fu, Jun Xing Zhao, Mei Jun Zhu, Marc Foretz, Benoit Viollet, Mike V. Dodson, Min Du

Faculty Publications

The link between AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and myogenesis remains poorly defined. AMPK has two catalytic αsubunits, α1 and α2. We postulated that AMPK promotes myogenesis in an isoform-specific manner. Primary myoblasts wereprepared from AMPK knockout (KO) mice and AMPK conditional KO mice, and knockout of the α1 but not the α2 subunit resultedin downregulation of myogenin and reduced myogenesis. Myogenin expression and myogenesis were nearly abolished inthe absence of both AMPKα1 and AMPKα2, while enhanced AMPK activity promoted myogenesis and myotube formation. TheAMPKα1-specific effect on myogenesis was likely due to the dominant expression of α1 in myoblasts. These results …

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Immigration And Recruitment In An Urban White-Winged Dove Breeding Colony, Bret A. Collier, Shelly R. Kremer, Corey D. Mason, John Stone, Kirby W. Calhoun, Markus J. Peterson Nov 2013

Immigration And Recruitment In An Urban White-Winged Dove Breeding Colony, Bret A. Collier, Shelly R. Kremer, Corey D. Mason, John Stone, Kirby W. Calhoun, Markus J. Peterson

Faculty Publications

Dove population management necessitates estimates of vital rates for use in mechanistic models used to evaluate and predict population responses to environmental variation and/or alternative harvest scenarios. Estimating recruitment (number of juveniles per adult) is complicated because a compendium of factors drives production in doves. Whitewinged doves Zenaida asiatica exhibit a fairly unique breeding strategy wherein they commonly return to the same breeding area and reproduce in large breeding aggregations (i.e., colonies). We used an open-population capture-recapture model to estimate annual immigration and in situ recruitment of white-winged doves breeding in an urban colony during 2009 and 2010. We captured …

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Genseq: An Updated Nomenclature And Ranking For Genetic Sequences From Type And Non-Type Sources, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Melanie Warren, Lawrence M. Page, Carole C. Baldwin Nov 2013

Genseq: An Updated Nomenclature And Ranking For Genetic Sequences From Type And Non-Type Sources, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Melanie Warren, Lawrence M. Page, Carole C. Baldwin

Faculty Publications

An improved and expanded nomenclature for genetic sequences is introduced that corresponds with a ranking of the reliability of the taxonomic identification of the source specimens. This nomenclature is an advancement of the "Genetypes" naming system, which some have been reluctant to adopt because of the use of the "type" suffix in the terminology. In the new nomenclature, genetic sequences are labeled "genseq," followed by a reliability ranking (e.g., 1 if the sequence is from a primary type), followed by the name of the genes from which the sequences were derived (e.g., genseq-1 16S, COI). The numbered suffix provides an …

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Analytical Model For Out-Of-Field Dose In Photon Craniospinal Irradiation, Phillip J. Taddei, Wassim Jalbout, Rebecca M. Howell, Nabil Khater, Fady Geara, Kenneth Homann, Wayne D. Newhauser Nov 2013

Analytical Model For Out-Of-Field Dose In Photon Craniospinal Irradiation, Phillip J. Taddei, Wassim Jalbout, Rebecca M. Howell, Nabil Khater, Fady Geara, Kenneth Homann, Wayne D. Newhauser

Faculty Publications

The prediction of late effects after radiotherapy in organs outside a treatment field requires accurate estimations of out-of-field dose. However, out-of-field dose is not calculated accurately by commercial treatment planning systems (TPSs). The purpose of this study was to develop and test an analytical model for out-of-field dose during craniospinal irradiation (CSI) from photon beams produced by a linear accelerator. In two separate evaluations of the model, we measured absorbed dose for a 6 MV CSI using thermoluminescent dosimeters placed throughout an anthropomorphic phantom and fit the measured data to an analytical model of absorbed dose versus distance outside of …

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Chronic Alcohol Induces M2 Polarization Enhancing Pulmonary Disease Caused By Exposure To Particulate Air Pollution, Paul Thevenot, Jordy Saravia, Joseph Giaimo, Kyle I. Happel, Tammy R. Dugas, Stephania A. Cormier Nov 2013

Chronic Alcohol Induces M2 Polarization Enhancing Pulmonary Disease Caused By Exposure To Particulate Air Pollution, Paul Thevenot, Jordy Saravia, Joseph Giaimo, Kyle I. Happel, Tammy R. Dugas, Stephania A. Cormier

Faculty Publications

Background: Chronic alcohol consumption causes persistent oxidative stress in the lung, leading to impaired alveolar macrophage (AM) function and impaired immune responses. AMs play a critical role in protecting the lung from particulate matter (PM) inhalation by removing particulates from the airway and secreting factors which mediate airway repair. We hypothesized AM dysfunction caused by chronic alcohol consumption increases the severity of injury caused by PM inhalation. Methods: Age- and sex-matched C57BL/6 mice were fed the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing either alcohol or an isocaloric substitution (control diet) for 8 weeks. Mice from both diet groups were exposed to combustion-derived …

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Common Variants Associated With Plasma Triglycerides And Risk For Coronary Artery Disease, Ron Do, Cristen J. Willer, Ellen M. Schmidt, Sebanti Sengupta, Chi Gao, Gina M. Peloso, Stefan Gustafsson, Stavroula Kanoni, Andrea Ganna, Jin Chen, Martin L. Buchkovich, Samia Mora, Jacques S. Beckmann, Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham, Hsing Yi Chang, Ayse Demirkan, Heleen M. Den Hertog, Louise A. Donnelly, Georg B. Ehret, Tõnu Esko, Mary F. Feitosa, Teresa Ferreira, Krista Fischer, Pierre Fontanillas, Ross M. Fraser, Daniel F. Freitag, Deepti Gurdasani, Kauko Heikkilä, Elina Hyppönen, Aaron Isaacs, Anne U. Jackson, Åsa Johansson, Toby Johnson Nov 2013

Common Variants Associated With Plasma Triglycerides And Risk For Coronary Artery Disease, Ron Do, Cristen J. Willer, Ellen M. Schmidt, Sebanti Sengupta, Chi Gao, Gina M. Peloso, Stefan Gustafsson, Stavroula Kanoni, Andrea Ganna, Jin Chen, Martin L. Buchkovich, Samia Mora, Jacques S. Beckmann, Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham, Hsing Yi Chang, Ayse Demirkan, Heleen M. Den Hertog, Louise A. Donnelly, Georg B. Ehret, Tõnu Esko, Mary F. Feitosa, Teresa Ferreira, Krista Fischer, Pierre Fontanillas, Ross M. Fraser, Daniel F. Freitag, Deepti Gurdasani, Kauko Heikkilä, Elina Hyppönen, Aaron Isaacs, Anne U. Jackson, Åsa Johansson, Toby Johnson

Faculty Publications

Triglycerides are transported in plasma by specific triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; in epidemiological studies, increased triglyceride levels correlate with higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects causal processes. We used 185 common variants recently mapped for plasma lipids (P < 5 × 10 -8 for each) to examine the role of triglycerides in risk for CAD. First, we highlight loci associated with both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels, and we show that the direction and magnitude of the associations with both traits are factors in determining CAD risk. Second, we consider loci with only a strong association with triglycerides and show that these loci are also associated with CAD. Finally, in a model accounting for effects on LDL-C and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the strength of a polymorphism's effect on triglyceride levels is correlated with the magnitude of its effect on CAD risk. These results suggest that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins causally influence risk for CAD. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Discovery And Refinement Of Loci Associated With Lipid Levels, Cristen J. Willer, Ellen M. Schmidt, Sebanti Sengupta, Gina M. Peloso, Stefan Gustafsson, Stavroula Kanoni, Andrea Ganna, Jin Chen, Martin L. Buchkovich, Samia Mora, Jacques S. Beckmann, Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham, Hsing Yi Chang, Ayse Demirkan, Heleen M. Den Hertog, Ron Do, Louise A. Donnelly, Georg B. Ehret, Tõnu Esko, Mary F. Feitosa, Teresa Ferreira, Krista Fischer, Pierre Fontanillas, Ross M. Fraser, Daniel F. Freitag, Deepti Gurdasani, Kauko Heikkilä, Elina Hyppönen, Aaron Isaacs, Anne U. Jackson, Åsa Johansson, Toby Johnson, Marika Kaakinen Nov 2013

Discovery And Refinement Of Loci Associated With Lipid Levels, Cristen J. Willer, Ellen M. Schmidt, Sebanti Sengupta, Gina M. Peloso, Stefan Gustafsson, Stavroula Kanoni, Andrea Ganna, Jin Chen, Martin L. Buchkovich, Samia Mora, Jacques S. Beckmann, Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham, Hsing Yi Chang, Ayse Demirkan, Heleen M. Den Hertog, Ron Do, Louise A. Donnelly, Georg B. Ehret, Tõnu Esko, Mary F. Feitosa, Teresa Ferreira, Krista Fischer, Pierre Fontanillas, Ross M. Fraser, Daniel F. Freitag, Deepti Gurdasani, Kauko Heikkilä, Elina Hyppönen, Aaron Isaacs, Anne U. Jackson, Åsa Johansson, Toby Johnson, Marika Kaakinen

Faculty Publications

Levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol are heritable, modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease. To identify new loci and refine known loci influencing these lipids, we examined 188,577 individuals using genome-wide and custom genotyping arrays. We identify and annotate 157 loci associated with lipid levels at P < 5 × 10 -8, including 62 loci not previously associated with lipid levels in humans. Using dense genotyping in individuals of European, East Asian, South Asian and African ancestry, we narrow association signals in 12 loci. We find that loci associated with blood lipid levels are often associated with cardiovascular and metabolic traits, including coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, waist-hip ratio and body mass index. Our results demonstrate the value of using genetic data from individuals of diverse ancestry and provide insights into the biological mechanisms regulating blood lipids to guide future genetic, biological and therapeutic research. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Detection And Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Membrane-Bound Nitrate Reductase (Nar) In Pure Cultures And Microbial Communities From Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents, Ileana Pérez-Rodríguez, Kenneth A. Bohnert, Mariola Cuebas, Ramaydalis Keddis, Costantino Vetriani Nov 2013

Detection And Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Membrane-Bound Nitrate Reductase (Nar) In Pure Cultures And Microbial Communities From Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents, Ileana Pérez-Rodríguez, Kenneth A. Bohnert, Mariola Cuebas, Ramaydalis Keddis, Costantino Vetriani

Faculty Publications

Over the past few years the relevance of nitrate respiration in microorganisms from deep-sea hydrothermal vents has become evident. In this study, we surveyed the membrane-bound nitrate reductase (Nar) encoding gene in three different deep-sea vent microbial communities from the East Pacific Rise and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Additionally, we tested pure cultures of vent strains for their ability to reduce nitrate and for the presence of the NarG-encoding gene in their genomes. By using the narG gene as a diagnostic marker for nitrate-reducing bacteria, we showed that nitrate reductases related to Gammaproteobacteria of the genus Marinobacter were numerically prevalent in …

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High Fat Diet Partially Attenuates Fermentation Responses In Rats Fed Resistant Starch From High-Amylose Maize, Jason A. Charrier, Roy J. Martin, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Anne M. Raggio, Felicia Goldsmith, M'Famara Goita, Reshani N. Senevirathne, Ian L. Brown, Christine Pelkman, June Zhou, John Finley, Holiday A. Durham, Michael J. Keenan Nov 2013

High Fat Diet Partially Attenuates Fermentation Responses In Rats Fed Resistant Starch From High-Amylose Maize, Jason A. Charrier, Roy J. Martin, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Anne M. Raggio, Felicia Goldsmith, M'Famara Goita, Reshani N. Senevirathne, Ian L. Brown, Christine Pelkman, June Zhou, John Finley, Holiday A. Durham, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

Objective The effects of type 2 resistant starch from high-amylose maize (HAM-RS2) in rodents fed with low-fat diets were demonstrated in previous studies. Fish oil is also reported to reduce body fat. In the current study, the effects of high fat and fish oil on HAM-RS2 feeding in rats were investigated. Design and Methods Rats were fed 0 or 27% (weight) HAM-RS2 with low (15% energy) or high fat (42% energy) diets that included 0 or 10% (energy) tuna oil to test the effect of HAM-RS2 in diet-induced obesity and effects of tuna oil. Data were analyzed as 2 × …

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Dietary Resistant Starch Improves Selected Brain And Behavioral Functions In Adult And Aged Rodents, June Zhou, Michael J. Keenan, Sun Ok Fernandez-Kim, Paul J. Pistell, Donald K. Ingram, Bing Li, Anne M. Raggio, Li Shen, Hanjie Zhang, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Richard T. Tulley, Marc R. Blackman, Jeffrey N. Keller, Roy J. Martin Nov 2013

Dietary Resistant Starch Improves Selected Brain And Behavioral Functions In Adult And Aged Rodents, June Zhou, Michael J. Keenan, Sun Ok Fernandez-Kim, Paul J. Pistell, Donald K. Ingram, Bing Li, Anne M. Raggio, Li Shen, Hanjie Zhang, Kathleen L. Mccutcheon, Richard T. Tulley, Marc R. Blackman, Jeffrey N. Keller, Roy J. Martin

Faculty Publications

Resistant starch (RS) is a dietary fiber that exerts multiple beneficial effects. The current study explored the effects of dietary RS on selected brain and behavioral functions in adult and aged rodents. Because glucokinase (GK) expression in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and area postrema of the brainstem is important for brain glucose sensing, GK mRNA was measured by brain nuclei microdissection and PCR. Adult RS-fed rats had a higher GK mRNA than controls in both brain nuclei, an indicator of improved brain glucose sensing. Next, we tested whether dietary RS improve selected behaviors in aged mice. RS-fed aged mice exhibited (i) …

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Sedimentary Constraints On The Duration Of The Marinoan Oxygen-17 Depletion (Mosd) Event, Bryan A. Killingsworth, Justin A. Hayles, Chuanming Zhou, Huiming Bao Oct 2013

Sedimentary Constraints On The Duration Of The Marinoan Oxygen-17 Depletion (Mosd) Event, Bryan A. Killingsworth, Justin A. Hayles, Chuanming Zhou, Huiming Bao

Faculty Publications

The ∼635 Ma Marinoan glaciation is marked by dramatic Earth system perturbations. Deposition of nonmass-dependently 17Odepleted sulfate (SO42) in worldwide postglacial sediments is, thus far, unique to this glaciation. It is proposed that an extremely high-pCO2 atmosphere can result in highly 17O-depleted atmospheric O2, or the Marinoan Oxygen-17 Depletion (MOSD) event. This anomalous 17O signal was imparted to sulfate of oxidative weathering origin. However, 17O-depleted sulfate occurs in limited sedimentary intervals, suggesting that Earth surface conditions conducive to the MOSD had a finite duration. An MOSD duration can, therefore, provide much needed constraint on modeling Earth system responses at that …

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