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Making A Big Splash With Louisiana Fishes, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Sophie Warny, Valerie Derouen Jan 2014

Making A Big Splash With Louisiana Fishes, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Sophie Warny, Valerie Derouen

Special Publications of the Museum of Natural Science

This book is a companion piece to Making a Big Splash with Louisiana Fishes, an exhibit created in 2012 at Louisiana State University’s Museum of Natural Science (MNS)


The Holy House Of Loreto Politics And Idolatry In The Long Eighteenth Century, Hilary Teynor Donatini Jan 2014

The Holy House Of Loreto Politics And Idolatry In The Long Eighteenth Century, Hilary Teynor Donatini

1650-1850: Ideas, Aesthetics, and Inquiries in the Early Modern Era

No abstract provided.


Book Reviews Jan 2014

Book Reviews

1650-1850: Ideas, Aesthetics, and Inquiries in the Early Modern Era

No abstract provided.


Preface, Elias C. Vagenas, Dimitrios S. Vlachos, Sergio L. Cacciatori, Jose D. Edelstein, George M. Spyrou, Jorge Pullin, Douglas A. Singleton, Bernd Bruegmann, Saurya Das, Kalman Varga, Young Min Song, Julian Sienkiewicz, Clement B. Ampadu, Bojin Zheng, Babur M. Mirza, Jonas Fransson, Marco Zoli, Odysseas T. Kosmas, Jose M. Machado, Colin Wilmott, Liviu Chibotaru, Kaushik Ghosh, Federico Colecchia, Emilio Elizalde, Lorenzo Iorio Jan 2014

Preface, Elias C. Vagenas, Dimitrios S. Vlachos, Sergio L. Cacciatori, Jose D. Edelstein, George M. Spyrou, Jorge Pullin, Douglas A. Singleton, Bernd Bruegmann, Saurya Das, Kalman Varga, Young Min Song, Julian Sienkiewicz, Clement B. Ampadu, Bojin Zheng, Babur M. Mirza, Jonas Fransson, Marco Zoli, Odysseas T. Kosmas, Jose M. Machado, Colin Wilmott, Liviu Chibotaru, Kaushik Ghosh, Federico Colecchia, Emilio Elizalde, Lorenzo Iorio

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Social Anxiety And Coping Motives For Cannabis Use: The Impact Of Experiential Avoidance, Julia D. Buckner, Michael J. Zvolensky, Samantha G. Farris, Julianna Hogan Jan 2014

Social Anxiety And Coping Motives For Cannabis Use: The Impact Of Experiential Avoidance, Julia D. Buckner, Michael J. Zvolensky, Samantha G. Farris, Julianna Hogan

Faculty Publications

Social anxiety is robustly associated with cannabis-related problems. This relation appears to be largely explained by coping-oriented motives for cannabis use. Yet, factors associated with coping motives among socially anxious individuals have yet to be identified. The current study tested whether experiential avoidance (i.e., unwillingness to experience distressing internal states) and its subfacets mediated the relation between social anxiety and coping motives for cannabis use. The sample consisted of current (past-month) cannabis-using adults (n = 103). Results indicated that social anxiety was robustly related to experiential avoidance, which was robustly related to coping motives. Follow-up analyses indicated that behavioral avoidance …


Latitudinal Variation In Clutch Size-Lay Date Regressions In Tachycineta Swallows: Effects Of Food Supply Or Demography?, David W. Winkler, Kevin M. Ringelman, Peter O. Dunn, Linda Whittingham, David J.T. Hussell, Robert G. Clark, Russell D. Dawson, L. Scott Johnson, Alexandra Rose, Suzanne H. Austin, W. Douglas Robinson, Michael P. Lombardo, Patrick A. Thorpe, Dave Shutler, Raleigh J. Robertson, Maria Stager, Marty Leonard, Andrew G. Horn, Janis Dickinson, Valentina Ferretti, Viviana Massoni, Florencia Bulit, Juan C. Reboreda, Marcela Liljesthröm, Martín Quiroga, Eldar Rakhimberdiev, Daniel R. Ardia Jan 2014

Latitudinal Variation In Clutch Size-Lay Date Regressions In Tachycineta Swallows: Effects Of Food Supply Or Demography?, David W. Winkler, Kevin M. Ringelman, Peter O. Dunn, Linda Whittingham, David J.T. Hussell, Robert G. Clark, Russell D. Dawson, L. Scott Johnson, Alexandra Rose, Suzanne H. Austin, W. Douglas Robinson, Michael P. Lombardo, Patrick A. Thorpe, Dave Shutler, Raleigh J. Robertson, Maria Stager, Marty Leonard, Andrew G. Horn, Janis Dickinson, Valentina Ferretti, Viviana Massoni, Florencia Bulit, Juan C. Reboreda, Marcela Liljesthröm, Martín Quiroga, Eldar Rakhimberdiev, Daniel R. Ardia

Faculty Publications

In a study of almost 16 000 nest records from seven swallow species across the entire Western Hemisphere, clutch sizes decline with relative laying date in each population, but the slope of this decline grows steeper with increasing distance from the equator. Late-laying birds at all latitudes lay clutches of similar sizes, suggesting that latitudinal differences may be driven primarily by earlier-laying birds. Focused comparisons of site-years in North America with qualitatively different food availability indicate that food supply significantly affects mean clutch size but not the clutch size-lay date regression. Other studies on the seasonality of swallow food also …


Biofrag - A New Database For Analyzing Biodiversity Responses To Forest Fragmentation, Marion Pfeifer, Veronique Lefebvre, Toby A. Gardner, Victor Arroyo-Rodriguez, Lander Baeten, Cristina Banks-Leite, Jos Barlow, Matthew G. Betts, Joerg Brunet, Alexis Cerezo, Laura M. Cisneros, Stuart Collard, Neil D'Cruze, Catarina Da Silva Motta, Stephanie Duguay, Hilde Eggermont, Felix Eigenbrod, Adam S. Hadley, Thor R. Hanson, Joseph E. Hawes, Tamara Heartsill Scalley, Brian T. Klingbeil, Annette Kolb, Urs Kormann, Sunil Kumar, Thibault Lachat, Poppy Lakeman Fraser, Victoria Lantschner, William F. Laurance, Inara R. Leal, Luc Lens, Charles J. Marsh, Guido F. Medina-Rangel Jan 2014

Biofrag - A New Database For Analyzing Biodiversity Responses To Forest Fragmentation, Marion Pfeifer, Veronique Lefebvre, Toby A. Gardner, Victor Arroyo-Rodriguez, Lander Baeten, Cristina Banks-Leite, Jos Barlow, Matthew G. Betts, Joerg Brunet, Alexis Cerezo, Laura M. Cisneros, Stuart Collard, Neil D'Cruze, Catarina Da Silva Motta, Stephanie Duguay, Hilde Eggermont, Felix Eigenbrod, Adam S. Hadley, Thor R. Hanson, Joseph E. Hawes, Tamara Heartsill Scalley, Brian T. Klingbeil, Annette Kolb, Urs Kormann, Sunil Kumar, Thibault Lachat, Poppy Lakeman Fraser, Victoria Lantschner, William F. Laurance, Inara R. Leal, Luc Lens, Charles J. Marsh, Guido F. Medina-Rangel

Faculty Publications

Habitat fragmentation studies have produced complex results that are challenging to synthesize. Inconsistencies among studies may result from variation in the choice of landscape metrics and response variables, which is often compounded by a lack of key statistical or methodological information. Collating primary datasets on biodiversity responses to fragmentation in a consistent and flexible database permits simple data retrieval for subsequent analyses. We present a relational database that links such field data to taxonomic nomenclature, spatial and temporal plot attributes, and environmental characteristics. Field assessments include measurements of the response(s) (e.g., presence, abundance, ground cover) of one or more species …


Aerobic And Strength Training In Concomitant Metabolic Syndrome And Type 2 Diabetes, Conrad P. Earnest, Neil M. Johannsen, Damon L. Swift, Fiona B. Gillison, Catherine R. Mikus, Alejandro Lucia, Kimberly Kramer, Carl J. Lavie, Timothy S. Church Jan 2014

Aerobic And Strength Training In Concomitant Metabolic Syndrome And Type 2 Diabetes, Conrad P. Earnest, Neil M. Johannsen, Damon L. Swift, Fiona B. Gillison, Catherine R. Mikus, Alejandro Lucia, Kimberly Kramer, Carl J. Lavie, Timothy S. Church

Faculty Publications

Purpose: Concomitant type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome exacerbates mortality risk; yet, few studies have examined the effect of combining (AER + RES) aerobic (AER) and resistance (RES) training for individuals with T2D and metabolic syndrome. Methods: We examined AER, RES, and AER + RES training (9 months) commensurate with physical activity guidelines in individuals with T2D (n = 262; 63% female, 44% black). Primary outcomes were change in, and prevalence of, metabolic syndrome score at follow-up (mean and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Secondary outcomes included maximal cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇O2peak) and estimated METs from time-to-exhaustion (TTE) and exercise efficiency …


Seven Decades Of Development Of The Maize Production System, João Carlos Cardoso Galvão, Glauco Vieira Miranda, Emerson Trogello, Roberto Fritsche-Neto Jan 2014

Seven Decades Of Development Of The Maize Production System, João Carlos Cardoso Galvão, Glauco Vieira Miranda, Emerson Trogello, Roberto Fritsche-Neto

Faculty Publications

The objective of this work was to compare the maize production system recommended in the decade of 1940 with the system currently employed in Brazil. We used the paper published by Antônio Secundino de São José at Revista Ceres in 1944 to compare the agricultural practices used at that time with the ones currently employed. In the 40's, we found no direct concern with aspects of soil and water conservation. However, the process of raising grain yield based on the use of more on-farm inputs , such as manure and seeds, was initiated at that time. The maize crop was …


Recruitment Of Fat Cell Precursors During High Fat Diet In C57bl/6j Mice Is Fat Depot Specific, B. Gawronska-Kozak, J. Staszkiewicz, J. M. Gimble, H. Kirk-Ballard Jan 2014

Recruitment Of Fat Cell Precursors During High Fat Diet In C57bl/6j Mice Is Fat Depot Specific, B. Gawronska-Kozak, J. Staszkiewicz, J. M. Gimble, H. Kirk-Ballard

Faculty Publications

Objective The study aims to explore long-term dietary effects on increases in body mass and fat depot enlargement through the recruitment of early in life labeled progenitor cells to the adipolineage. Methods Neonate male C57BL/6J (B6) mice were injected intraperitoneally with BrdU. From 4 until 30 weeks of age they were fed either low fat diet (LFD) or high fat diet (HFD). BrdU-labeled cells were analyzed by flow cytometric and immunohistochemical assays after 10 days and 4, 8, 16, and 30 weeks. Results Mice fed HFD were heavier than mice fed LFD with the most dramatic disparity recorded between week …


An Ethanolic Extract Of Artemisia Dracunculus L. Regulates Gene Expression Of Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Enzymes In Skeletal Muscle: Potential Role In The Treatment Of Sarcopenic Obesity, Heather Kirk-Ballard, Gail Kilroy, Britton C. Day, Zhong Q. Wang, David M. Ribnicky, William T. Cefalu, Z. Elizabeth Floyd Jan 2014

An Ethanolic Extract Of Artemisia Dracunculus L. Regulates Gene Expression Of Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Enzymes In Skeletal Muscle: Potential Role In The Treatment Of Sarcopenic Obesity, Heather Kirk-Ballard, Gail Kilroy, Britton C. Day, Zhong Q. Wang, David M. Ribnicky, William T. Cefalu, Z. Elizabeth Floyd

Faculty Publications

Objective: Obesity is linked to insulin resistance, a primary component of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. The problem of obesity-related insulin resistance is compounded when age-related skeletal muscle loss, called sarcopenia, occurs with obesity. Skeletal muscle loss results from elevated levels of protein degradation and prevention of obesity-related sarcopenic muscle loss will depend on strategies that target pathways involved in protein degradation. An extract from Artemisia dracunculus, termed PMI 5011, improves insulin signaling and increases skeletal muscle myofiber size in a rodent model of obesity-related insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of PMI …


Towards An Operational Sar-Based Rice Monitoring System In Asia: Examples From 13 Demonstration Sites Across Asia In The Riice Project, Andrew Nelson, Tri Setiyono, Arnel B. Rala, Emma D. Quicho, Jeny V. Raviz, Prosperidad J. Abonete, Aileen A. Maunahan, Cornelia A. Garcia, Hannah Zarah M. Bhatti, Lorena S. Villano, Pongmanee Thongbai, Francesco Holecz, Massimo Barbieri, Francesco Collivignarelli, Luca Gatti, Eduardo Jimmy P. Quilang, Mary Rose O. Mabalay, Pristine E. Mabalot, Mabel I. Barroga, Alfie P. Bacong, Norlyn T. Detoito, Glorie Belle Berja, Frenciso Varquez, Wahyunto, Dwi Kuntjoro, Sri Retno Murdiyati, Sellaperumal Pazhanivelan, Pandian Kannan, Petchimuthu Christy Nirmala Mary, Elangovan Subramanian, Preesan Rakwatin, Amornrat Intrman, Thana Setapayak Jan 2014

Towards An Operational Sar-Based Rice Monitoring System In Asia: Examples From 13 Demonstration Sites Across Asia In The Riice Project, Andrew Nelson, Tri Setiyono, Arnel B. Rala, Emma D. Quicho, Jeny V. Raviz, Prosperidad J. Abonete, Aileen A. Maunahan, Cornelia A. Garcia, Hannah Zarah M. Bhatti, Lorena S. Villano, Pongmanee Thongbai, Francesco Holecz, Massimo Barbieri, Francesco Collivignarelli, Luca Gatti, Eduardo Jimmy P. Quilang, Mary Rose O. Mabalay, Pristine E. Mabalot, Mabel I. Barroga, Alfie P. Bacong, Norlyn T. Detoito, Glorie Belle Berja, Frenciso Varquez, Wahyunto, Dwi Kuntjoro, Sri Retno Murdiyati, Sellaperumal Pazhanivelan, Pandian Kannan, Petchimuthu Christy Nirmala Mary, Elangovan Subramanian, Preesan Rakwatin, Amornrat Intrman, Thana Setapayak

Faculty Publications

Rice is the most important food security crop in Asia. Information on its seasonal extent forms part of the national accounting of many Asian countries. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery is highly suitable for detecting lowland rice, especially in tropical and subtropical regions, where pervasive cloud cover in the rainy seasons precludes the use of optical imagery. Here, we present a simple, robust, rule-based classification for mapping rice area with regularly acquired, multi-temporal, X-band, HH-polarized SAR imagery and site-specific parameters for classification. The rules for rice detection are based on the well-studied temporal signature of rice from SAR backscatter and …


Coordinated Regulation Of Photosynthesis In Rice Increases Yield And Tolerance To Environmental Stress, Madana M.R. Ambavaram, Supratim Basu, Arjun Krishnan, Venkategowda Ramegowda, Utlwang Batlang, Lutfor Rahman, Niranjan Baisakh, Andy Pereira Jan 2014

Coordinated Regulation Of Photosynthesis In Rice Increases Yield And Tolerance To Environmental Stress, Madana M.R. Ambavaram, Supratim Basu, Arjun Krishnan, Venkategowda Ramegowda, Utlwang Batlang, Lutfor Rahman, Niranjan Baisakh, Andy Pereira

Faculty Publications

Plants capture solar energy and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) through photosynthesis, which is the primary component of crop yield, and needs to be increased considerably to meet the growing global demand for food. Environmental stresses, which are increasing with climate change, adversely affect photosynthetic carbon metabolism (PCM) and limit yield of cereals such as rice (Oryza sativa) that feeds half the world. To study the regulation of photosynthesis, we developed a rice gene regulatory network and identified a transcription factor HYR (HIGHER YIELD RICE) associated with PCM, which on expression in rice enhances photosynthesis under multiple environmental conditions, determining …


Estimating Microzooplankton Grazing Half-Saturation Constants From Dilution Experiments With Nonlinear Feeding Kinetics, Bingzhang Chen, Edward A. Laws, Hongbin Liu, Bangqin Huang Jan 2014

Estimating Microzooplankton Grazing Half-Saturation Constants From Dilution Experiments With Nonlinear Feeding Kinetics, Bingzhang Chen, Edward A. Laws, Hongbin Liu, Bangqin Huang

Faculty Publications

To obtain the grazing half-saturation constant (K) of natural microzooplankton assemblages, we used three nonlinear grazing models (rectilinear, Holling type II, and Holling type III) to fit the detailed data (phytoplankton net specific growth rate vs. dilution factor) of individual dilution experiments that show significant concave curves. In the dataset consisting of 528 experiments, 96 experiments show significant concave curves, and the associated chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations are significantly higher than those of experiments showing linear or convex curves. Experiments showing concave curves likely reflect that these microzooplankton assemblages were under top-down control. The three models perform equally well …


Reduced Representation Genome Sequencing Suggests Low Diversity On The Sex Chromosomes Of Tonkean Macaque Monkeys, Ben J. Evans, Kai Zeng, Jacob A. Esselstyn, Brian Charlesworth, Don J. Melnick Jan 2014

Reduced Representation Genome Sequencing Suggests Low Diversity On The Sex Chromosomes Of Tonkean Macaque Monkeys, Ben J. Evans, Kai Zeng, Jacob A. Esselstyn, Brian Charlesworth, Don J. Melnick

Faculty Publications

In species with separate sexes, social systems can differ in the relative variances of male versus female reproductive success. Papionin monkeys (macaques, mangabeys, mandrills, drills, baboons, and geladas) exhibit hallmarks of a high variance in male reproductive success, including a female-biased adult sex ratio and prominent sexual dimorphism. To explore the potential genomic consequences of such sex differences, we used a reduced representation genome sequencing approach to quantifying polymorphism at sites on autosomes and sex chromosomes of the tonkean macaque (Macaca tonkeana), a species endemic to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. The ratio of nucleotide diversity of the X chromosome …


A New Species Of Shrew (Soricomorpha: Crocidura) From West Java, Indonesia, Jacob A. Esselstyn, Anang S. Achmadi, Maharadatunkamsi Jan 2014

A New Species Of Shrew (Soricomorpha: Crocidura) From West Java, Indonesia, Jacob A. Esselstyn, Anang S. Achmadi, Maharadatunkamsi

Faculty Publications

We document the existence of a new species of shrew (Soricomorpha, Soricidae, Crocidura) in West Java, Indonesia, using both morphological and genetic data. Relative to other Southeast Asian Crocidura, the new species is medium-sized with a slender body and long tail, which together readily distinguish it from all other Javan shrews. Morphological differences between the new species and Crocidura paradoxura, another long-tailed shrew that is endemic to Sumatra, are subtle, but genetic differences suggest a long, independent evolutionary history. This description brings to 5 the total number of species of Crocidura recognized from Java. All 5 species are endemic to …


Fabrication And Characterization Of Carbonized And Activated Cotton Nonwovens, Jonathan Yan Chen, Nan Jiang Jan 2014

Fabrication And Characterization Of Carbonized And Activated Cotton Nonwovens, Jonathan Yan Chen, Nan Jiang

Faculty Publications

A needle-punched cotton nonwoven was produced as a precursor for making activated carbon material. Carbonization and activation of the cotton nonwoven was carried out in a high temperature clean room oven. Microporous properties of the nonwoven in terms of surface area, micropore volume, micropore size, and adsorption isotherms were characterized using a micropore physisorption analyzer. Influence of carbonization temperature and difference between the N2 and CO2 adsorptions was analyzed. Tensile strength of the cotton nonwoven before and after the carbonization and activation was evaluated. Microporous structure of the carbonized and activated cotton nonwoven was examined using an scanning electron microscopy …


Assessment Of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals In Soils And Sediments From Three Superfund Sites, Albert Leo N. Dela Cruz, Robert L. Cook, Barry Dellinger, Slawomir M. Lomnicki, Kirby C. Donnelly, Matthew A. Kelley, David Cosgriff Jan 2014

Assessment Of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals In Soils And Sediments From Three Superfund Sites, Albert Leo N. Dela Cruz, Robert L. Cook, Barry Dellinger, Slawomir M. Lomnicki, Kirby C. Donnelly, Matthew A. Kelley, David Cosgriff

Faculty Publications

We previously reported the presence of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in pentachlorophenol (PCP) contaminated soils at a closed wood treatment facility site in Georgia. The reported EPFRs were pentachlorophenoxyl radicals formed on soils under ambient conditions via electron transfer from PCP to electron acceptors in the soil. In this study, we present results for soil and sediment samples from additional Superfund sites in Montana and Washington. Paramagnetic centers associated with different chemical environments were characterized by distinct g-factors and line widths (ΔHp-p). EPFR concentrations in contaminated samples were ∼30×, ∼12×, and ∼2× higher than background samples at the Georgia, …


Tip-Enhanced Laser Ablation Sample Transfer For Biomolecule Mass Spectrometry, Suman Ghorai, Chinthaka A. Seneviratne, Kermit K. Murray Jan 2014

Tip-Enhanced Laser Ablation Sample Transfer For Biomolecule Mass Spectrometry, Suman Ghorai, Chinthaka A. Seneviratne, Kermit K. Murray

Faculty Publications

© 2014 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. Atomic force microscope (AFM) tip-enhanced laser ablation was used to transfer molecules from thin films to a suspended silver wire for off-line mass spectrometry using laser desorption ionization (LDI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI). An AFM with a 30 nm radius gold-coated silicon tip was used to image the sample and to hold the tip 15 nm from the surface for material removal using a 355 nm Nd:YAG laser. The ablated material was captured on a silver wire that was held 300 μm vertically and 100 μm horizontally from the tip. For …


Expansive Notions Of Coherence And Complexity In Education, Bryant Griffith, Kim Skinner Jan 2014

Expansive Notions Of Coherence And Complexity In Education, Bryant Griffith, Kim Skinner

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


A Unifying Model For Neoproterozoic-Palaeozoic Exceptional Fossil Preservation Through Pyritization And Carbonaceous Compression, James D. Schiffbauer, Shuhai Xiao, Yaoping Cai, Adam F. Wallace, Hong Hua, Jerry Hunter, Huifang Xu, Yongbo Peng, Alan J. Kaufman Jan 2014

A Unifying Model For Neoproterozoic-Palaeozoic Exceptional Fossil Preservation Through Pyritization And Carbonaceous Compression, James D. Schiffbauer, Shuhai Xiao, Yaoping Cai, Adam F. Wallace, Hong Hua, Jerry Hunter, Huifang Xu, Yongbo Peng, Alan J. Kaufman

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. Soft-tissue fossils capture exquisite biological detail and provide our clearest views onto the rise of animals across the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition. The processes contributing to fossilization of soft tissues, however, have long been a subject of debate. The Ediacaran Gaojiashan biota displays soft-tissue preservational styles ranging from pervasive pyritization to carbonaceous compression, and thus provides an excellent opportunity to dissect the relationships between these taphonomic pathways. Here geochemical analyses of the Gaojiashan fossil Conotubus hemiannulatus show that pyrite precipitation was fuelled by the degradation of labile tissues through bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR). Pyritization …


Effect Of Hydrologic, Geomorphic, And Vegetative Conditions On Avian Communities In The Middle Rio Grande Of New Mexico, Sarah G. Hamilton Jan 2014

Effect Of Hydrologic, Geomorphic, And Vegetative Conditions On Avian Communities In The Middle Rio Grande Of New Mexico, Sarah G. Hamilton

LSU Master's Theses

Anthropogenic regulation of the Middle Rio Grande (MRG) of New Mexico has altered the hydrogeomorphology of the system and led to a rapid decline in breeding riparian-obligate birds as native riparian forests are replaced by exotic tamarisk stands. In this study, I evaluated the relationships among hydrogeomorphology, vegetation structure and composition, and avian communities of the San Acacia Reach (SAR) of the MRG. I conducted avian point count surveys and collected habitat data to determine avian community structure and abundance, geomorphic feature, surface flooding, and vegetation structure and composition along 44 transects throughout the SAR. A total of 999 point …


Warmer Temperatures Increase Disease Transmission And Outbreak Intensity In A Host-Pathogen System, Bret D. Elderd, James R. Reilly Jan 2014

Warmer Temperatures Increase Disease Transmission And Outbreak Intensity In A Host-Pathogen System, Bret D. Elderd, James R. Reilly

Faculty Publications

Summary: While rising global temperatures are increasingly affecting both species and their biotic interactions, the debate about whether global warming will increase or decrease disease transmission between individuals remains far from resolved. This may stem from the lack of empirical data. Using a tractable and easily manipulated insect host-pathogen system, we conducted a series of field and laboratory experiments to examine how increased temperatures affect disease transmission using the crop-defoliating pest, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and its species-specific baculovirus, which causes a fatal infection. To examine the effects of temperature on disease transmission in the field, we manipulated baculovirus …


Estimating Photosynthetic Activity In Microbial Mats In An Ice-Covered Antarctic Lake Using Automated Oxygen Microelectrode Profiling And Variable Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Ian Hawes, Hilke Giles, Peter T. Doran Jan 2014

Estimating Photosynthetic Activity In Microbial Mats In An Ice-Covered Antarctic Lake Using Automated Oxygen Microelectrode Profiling And Variable Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Ian Hawes, Hilke Giles, Peter T. Doran

Faculty Publications

An automated oxygen microprofiler measured a positive flux of oxygen from microbial mats in ice-covered Lake Hoare, Antarctica, from noon, at a photon flux of 20 μmol m-2 s-1, through to midnight (< 2 μmol photons m-2 s-1). Daily average oxygen flux was 200 μmol m-2 h-1; and, whereas it was maximal at noon, when a 10 mm broad concentration peak was observed 5 mm below the mat surface, flux correlated only weakly with irradiance. In contrast, relative electron transfer rate, estimated from variable chlorophyll fluorescence, suggested a linear relationship between photosystem activity and irradiance. This contradiction arose because of the conjunction of photosynthetic production of oxygen deep into these transparent, gelatinous mats (diel oxygen change was observed to 17 mm depth) and oxygen diffusion rates too slow to allow equilibration of oxygen concentration profiles with instantaneous production and consumption of oxygen. To confirm this, we developed a mathematical simulation of oxygen dynamics that included diffusion, photosynthesis, and respiration. The simulation further indicated that (1) net oxygen evolution is light limited is and confined to the upper few millimeters of the mat, (2) below 5-7 mm, respiration balanced photosynthesis, (3) below 17 mm, respiration and photosynthesis approached zero, even though organic carbon and dissolved oxygen were present, and (4) photosynthesis deep into the mat was dependent on high light transmission through the gelatinous matrix. These conclusions are consistent with current understanding of mat growth dynamics and point to approaches for long-term analysis of microbial mat productivity. © 2014, by the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.


Brine Assemblages Of Ultrasmall Microbial Cells Within The Ice Cover Of Lake Vida, Antarctica, Emanuele Kuhn, Andrew S. Ichimura, Vivian Peng, Christian H. Fritsen, Gareth Trubl, Peter T. Doran, Alison E. Murray Jan 2014

Brine Assemblages Of Ultrasmall Microbial Cells Within The Ice Cover Of Lake Vida, Antarctica, Emanuele Kuhn, Andrew S. Ichimura, Vivian Peng, Christian H. Fritsen, Gareth Trubl, Peter T. Doran, Alison E. Murray

Faculty Publications

The anoxic and freezing brine that permeates Lake Vida's perennial ice below 16mcontains an abundance of very small (≤0.2-μm) particles mixed with a less abundant population of microbial cells ranging from>0.2 to 1.5 μmin length. Fluorescent DNA staining, electron microscopy (EM) observations, elemental analysis, and extraction of high-molecular-weight genomic DNA indicated that a significant portion of these ultrasmall particles are cells. A continuous electron-dense layer surrounding a less electron-dense region was observed by EM, indicating the presence of a biological membrane surrounding a cytoplasm. The ultrasmall cells are 0.192±0.065 μ, with morphology characteristic of coccoid and diplococcic bacterial cells, …


The Feasibility Of Creating A 3d Digital Skeletal Collection For Research Purposes And Museum Use, Karen Leigh Beebe Jan 2014

The Feasibility Of Creating A 3d Digital Skeletal Collection For Research Purposes And Museum Use, Karen Leigh Beebe

LSU Master's Theses

3D scanners offer many advantages to scientists and museum curators, such as a permanent digital archival record of the scanned object, the non-intrusive nature of 3D laser surface scanning, the ability to create and share a digital collection with other researchers, and the portability of recent scanners. With the purpose of determining the feasibility of creating a 3D research collection in mind, I have scanned and studied skeletal material from Wild Cane Cay and Moho Cay, Belize. I explore how the 3D model compares to the physical bone and the significance of 3D imaging to the anthropological community.


Assimilation, A Biological Nitrogen Removal Strategy For Freshwater Ornamental Fish Hatcheries, Fatemehsadat Fahandezhsadi Jan 2014

Assimilation, A Biological Nitrogen Removal Strategy For Freshwater Ornamental Fish Hatcheries, Fatemehsadat Fahandezhsadi

LSU Master's Theses

Freshwater ornamental fish production is a major component of aquaculture in the southeastern United States. Closed recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) allow freshwater ornamental fish hatcheries to mimic native water quality conditions for sensitive species. Total ammonia-N (TAN) removal is the major concern for closed RASs. Biological nitrification is the common method to control TAN. However, the nitrification process might be impaired in acidic water condition with pH<7. Another issue of using the nitrification process for TAN removal is that the nitrification is not sufficient to compensate for the amount of ammonia released in larval production systems because of slow growth rate of nitrifying bacteria. To address these issues, this study suggests an aerobic assimilation strategy in which fast growing heterotrophic bacteria directly convert TAN into microbial biomass. The heterotrophic bacteria needs an external carbon source. This study employed polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) that is a solid insoluble bioplastic, as a carbon source in the aerobic assimilation process to avoid releasing carbon into the system. In order to understand the applicability of an assimilation process instead of nitrification, this study compared the ammonia-N removal rate by aerobic assimilation biofilters operating @ pH 8 and 6.5 in a batch system. The study also quantified the performance of an aerobic assimilation strategy under different continuous nitrogen loading regimes. This investigation can be used to establish the biofilter air pulsing frequency, which is the optimized air pulsing frequency that avoids clogging in the system. The results showed that there was no apparent release of carbon in the water tank. Unlike nitrification, assimilation strategy for TAN removal was not significantly different in two pH of 8 and 6.5 @ 28 ° C. The average consumption rate of the PHB was found as 21.93± 0.43 grams of PHB consumed per gram of TAN. The results from the continuous system, at a continuous feeding rate of 350 mg-N/d, suggested that the optimum air pulsing frequency through the PHB bed for releasing the excess biosolids was about 6-hour. In general, the study found that the aerobic assimilation using polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) as a carbon source is an applicable method for ammonia-N removal particularly for freshwater ornamental fish production systems. The drawback against this approach is that the PHB beads are expensive. However, our investigations show that the average cost of the PHB beads have been decreased dramatically during the last few years. This might indicate that the assimilation using PHB beads can be a reasonable choice for ammonia-N removal particularly for freshwater ornamental fish production systems.


Habitat Associations Of Lower Mississippi River Floodplain Fishes On St. Catherine Creek National Wildlife Refuge, Alonda Mccarty Jan 2014

Habitat Associations Of Lower Mississippi River Floodplain Fishes On St. Catherine Creek National Wildlife Refuge, Alonda Mccarty

LSU Master's Theses

Each year, floodplain habitats are inundated and dewatered throughout the lower Mississippi River during the flood pulse. Many organisms, particularly fishes, are facultative or obligate users of inundated floodplain habitats for foraging and reproduction. The abundance and distribution of these fishes are influenced by annual floods, ranging from weeks to months depending on intensity and duration of the pulse. One major consequence of anthropogenic alterations to the river has been the sequential loss of connectivity of floodplain habitats. In light of these changes, a concentrated effort has been made to restore the integrity of the LMR floodplain. An integral part …


Dgge Analysis Of Denitrifying Bacterial Diversity In Response To Nutrients And Oil Contamination In Salt Marshes, Catalina Restrepo Jan 2014

Dgge Analysis Of Denitrifying Bacterial Diversity In Response To Nutrients And Oil Contamination In Salt Marshes, Catalina Restrepo

LSU Master's Theses

Salt marsh ecosystems located at the Mississippi River delta are exposed to high levels of point and nonpoint sources of nutrients such as nitrate-based fertilizers and to oil spills in the Gulf of Mexico. However, there is little information on the effects of eutrophication and oil contamination on the bacterial diversity of denitrifying bacteria in salt marsh sediments of coastal Louisiana. The effects of excess nutrients on the bacterial diversity of denitrifiers were analyzed by injecting sediment cores with high concentrations of nitrate (100μM NO3- and 20,000μM NO3-) and carbon (0% and 20% C concentration from the original sample). After …


Control Options For Rhizome Johnsongrass (Sorghum Halepense L. Pers.) In Glufosinate-Resistant Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) And Soybean (Glycine Max L. Merr.), Randall Lee Landry Jan 2014

Control Options For Rhizome Johnsongrass (Sorghum Halepense L. Pers.) In Glufosinate-Resistant Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) And Soybean (Glycine Max L. Merr.), Randall Lee Landry

LSU Master's Theses

Field studies were conducted in 2011, 2012, and 2013 near Alexandria, LA to determine glufosinate rates and timings for control of rhizome johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] in glufosinate-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.)Merr.]. Johnsongrass control (75%) and height reduction (63%) throughout the season were greatest when glufosinate was applied at 0.7 kg ai ha-1 followed by (fb) 0.6 kg ha-1. Furthermore, following initial applications of glufosinate at 0.7 kg ha-1 (2670 kg ha-1) increased soybean yields were observed compared to 0.5 kg ha-1 (2400 kg ha-1), and soybean yields were greater following sequential glufosinate applications of 0.6 kg ha-1 followed …