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Synthesis, Characterization, And Investigation Of Metal Ion Quenching In Fluorescent Carbon Dot Surrogates For Particulate Matter Black Carbon And Evaluation Of Cellular Health Effects Due To The Surrogate Materials, Christopher Lee Sumner Jr May 2020

Synthesis, Characterization, And Investigation Of Metal Ion Quenching In Fluorescent Carbon Dot Surrogates For Particulate Matter Black Carbon And Evaluation Of Cellular Health Effects Due To The Surrogate Materials, Christopher Lee Sumner Jr

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Black carbon (BC) is an environmental pollutant of particular concern to many international organizations for both its health effects and environmental effects. Probing health effects of BC as produced in the environment is difficult due to the complex nature of environmental pollutants found in their naturally occurring state. Fluorescent carbon dots (FCDs) were chosen to be used as a surrogate for BC. In the process of examining FCDs and their behavior as surrogates, information was gained on the health effects and behavior of FCDs as a class of nanomaterials for cell and tissue studies, which is outlined in this dissertation. …

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Macroscale Drivers Of Atlantic And Gulf Menhaden Growth, Stephen R. Midway, Amy M. Schueller, Robert T. Leaf, Geneviève M. Nesslage, Raymond M. Mroch Iii May 2020

Macroscale Drivers Of Atlantic And Gulf Menhaden Growth, Stephen R. Midway, Amy M. Schueller, Robert T. Leaf, Geneviève M. Nesslage, Raymond M. Mroch Iii

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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A Multilevel Analysis Of Gross Motor Coordination Of Children And Adolescents Living At Different Altitudes: The Peruvian Health And Optimist Growth Study, Carla Santos, Alcibíades Bustamante, Donald Hedeker, Olga Vasconcelos, Rui Garganta, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, José Maia May 2020

A Multilevel Analysis Of Gross Motor Coordination Of Children And Adolescents Living At Different Altitudes: The Peruvian Health And Optimist Growth Study, Carla Santos, Alcibíades Bustamante, Donald Hedeker, Olga Vasconcelos, Rui Garganta, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, José Maia

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: Gross motor coordination (GMC) is a potential correlate of lifestyle behaviours and health outcomes in childhood and adolescence. Aims: The aim of this study was to examine how sex, age, biological maturation, overweight, stunting, and physical fitness are associated with GMC in children and adolescents from Peru, and to examine associations between geographical area of residence, school-level characteristics, and GMC. Subjects and methods: The sample included 7408 subjects, aged 6–14 years, from sea level, Amazon and high-altitude regions of Peru. A composite marker of total coordination was derived by the sum of scores from each test (GMCT). Overweight was …

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Patterns Of Physical Performance Spurts During Adolescence: A Cross-Cultural Study Of Canadian, Brazilian And Portuguese Boys, Eduardo Guimarães, Adam D.G. Baxter-Jones, Sara Pereira, Fernando Garbeloto, Duarte Freitas, Manuel A. Janeira, Go Tani, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Simonete Silva, Donald A. Bailey, Robert L. Mirwald, José Maia May 2020

Patterns Of Physical Performance Spurts During Adolescence: A Cross-Cultural Study Of Canadian, Brazilian And Portuguese Boys, Eduardo Guimarães, Adam D.G. Baxter-Jones, Sara Pereira, Fernando Garbeloto, Duarte Freitas, Manuel A. Janeira, Go Tani, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Simonete Silva, Donald A. Bailey, Robert L. Mirwald, José Maia

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: Data relating physical performance to the timing of the adolescent growth spurt are limited. Aim: This study identifies: (i) age-at-peak height velocity (APHV), (ii) physical performance spurt patterns aligned to APHV; and (iii) cross-cultural and time patterns in Canadian, Brazilian and Portuguese boys. Subjects and methods: A total of 512 boys (131 Canadian, 250 Portuguese and 131 Brazilian), 8–17 years of age were followed serially using longitudinal data. APHV was identified and five physical performance measures velocities [trunk extension (TE), trunk flexion (TF), standing long jump (SLJ), curl-ups (CU) and handgrip strength (HG)] were aligned at 6-month intervals, 4 …

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Nwchem: Past, Present, And Future, E. Aprà, E. J. Bylaska, W. A. De Jong, N. Govind, K. Kowalski, T. P. Straatsma, M. Valiev, H. J.J. Van Dam, Y. Alexeev, J. Anchell, V. Anisimov, F. W. Aquino, R. Atta-Fynn, J. Autschbach, N. P. Bauman, J. C. Becca, D. E. Bernholdt, K. Bhaskaran-Nair, S. Bogatko, P. Borowski, J. Boschen, J. Brabec, A. Bruner, E. Cauët, Y. Chen, G. N. Chuev, C. J. Cramer, J. Daily, M. J.O. Deegan, T. H. Dunning, M. Dupuis, K. G. Dyall, G. I. Fann May 2020

Nwchem: Past, Present, And Future, E. Aprà, E. J. Bylaska, W. A. De Jong, N. Govind, K. Kowalski, T. P. Straatsma, M. Valiev, H. J.J. Van Dam, Y. Alexeev, J. Anchell, V. Anisimov, F. W. Aquino, R. Atta-Fynn, J. Autschbach, N. P. Bauman, J. C. Becca, D. E. Bernholdt, K. Bhaskaran-Nair, S. Bogatko, P. Borowski, J. Boschen, J. Brabec, A. Bruner, E. Cauët, Y. Chen, G. N. Chuev, C. J. Cramer, J. Daily, M. J.O. Deegan, T. H. Dunning, M. Dupuis, K. G. Dyall, G. I. Fann

Faculty Publications

© 2020 U.S. Government. Specialized computational chemistry packages have permanently reshaped the landscape of chemical and materials science by providing tools to support and guide experimental efforts and for the prediction of atomistic and electronic properties. In this regard, electronic structure packages have played a special role by using first-principle-driven methodologies to model complex chemical and materials processes. Over the past few decades, the rapid development of computing technologies and the tremendous increase in computational power have offered a unique chance to study complex transformations using sophisticated and predictive many-body techniques that describe correlated behavior of electrons in molecular and …

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Development Of A Surgical Procedure For Removal Of A Placentome From A Pregnant Ewe During Gestation, Colleen A. Lambo, Ashley K. Edwards, Fuller W. Bazer, Kathrin Dunlap, M. Carey Satterfield May 2020

Development Of A Surgical Procedure For Removal Of A Placentome From A Pregnant Ewe During Gestation, Colleen A. Lambo, Ashley K. Edwards, Fuller W. Bazer, Kathrin Dunlap, M. Carey Satterfield

Faculty Publications

Background: In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in the impact of insults during pregnancy on postnatal health and disease. It is known that changes in placental development can impact fetal growth and subsequent susceptibility to adult onset diseases; however, a method to collect sufficient placental tissues for both histological and gene expression analyses during gestation without compromising the pregnancy has not been described. The ewe is an established biomedical model for the study of fetal development. Due to its cotyledonary placental type, the sheep has potential for surgical removal of materno-fetal exchange tissues, i.e., placentomes. A novel …

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Data For Wetlandscapes And Their Changes Around The World, Navid Ghajarnia, Georgia Destouni, Josefin Thorslund, Zahra Kalantari, Imenne Ahlén, Jesús A. Anaya-Acevedo, Juan F. Blanco-Libreros, Sonia Borja, Sergey Chalov, Aleksandra Chalova, Kwok P. Chun, Nicola Clerici, Amanda Desormeaux, Bethany B. Garfield, Pierre Girard, Olga Gorelits, Amy Hansen, Fernando Jaramillo, Jerker Jarsjö, Adnane Labbaci, John Livsey, Giorgos Maneas, Kathryn Mc Curley Pisarello, Sebastián Palomino-Ángel, Jan Pietroń, René M. Price, Victor H. Rivera-Monroy, Jorge Salgado, A. Britta, Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, Ylva Sjöberg, Pavel Terskii, Guillaume Vigouroux May 2020

Data For Wetlandscapes And Their Changes Around The World, Navid Ghajarnia, Georgia Destouni, Josefin Thorslund, Zahra Kalantari, Imenne Ahlén, Jesús A. Anaya-Acevedo, Juan F. Blanco-Libreros, Sonia Borja, Sergey Chalov, Aleksandra Chalova, Kwok P. Chun, Nicola Clerici, Amanda Desormeaux, Bethany B. Garfield, Pierre Girard, Olga Gorelits, Amy Hansen, Fernando Jaramillo, Jerker Jarsjö, Adnane Labbaci, John Livsey, Giorgos Maneas, Kathryn Mc Curley Pisarello, Sebastián Palomino-Ángel, Jan Pietroń, René M. Price, Victor H. Rivera-Monroy, Jorge Salgado, A. Britta, Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, Ylva Sjöberg, Pavel Terskii, Guillaume Vigouroux

Faculty Publications

Geography and associated hydrological, hydroclimate and land-use conditions and their changes determine the states and dynamics of wetlands and their ecosystem services. The influences of these controls are not limited to just the local scale of each individual wetland but extend over larger landscape areas that integrate multiple wetlands and their total hydrological catchment-the wetlandscape. However, the data and knowledge of conditions and changes over entire wetlandscapes are still scarce, limiting the capacity to accurately understand and manage critical wetland ecosystems and their services under global change. We present a new Wetlandscape Change Information Database (WetCID), consisting of geographic, hydrological, …

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New Synthetic Transformations Utilizing Silyloxyallyl Cations And Epoxonium Ions As Reactive Intermediates, Alexander Houston Cleveland May 2020

New Synthetic Transformations Utilizing Silyloxyallyl Cations And Epoxonium Ions As Reactive Intermediates, Alexander Houston Cleveland

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The development of new chemical transformations is of paramount importance in organic chemistry. In fact the study and creation of new reactions often uncovers new chemical reactivities and creates a new area of chemistry. The purpose of this dissertation is to present the development of new synthetic reactions that were uncovered through previous discoveries. Additionally the underlying theme of this work relies on the intermediacy of cationic reactive intermediates such as silyloxyallyl cations and epoxonium ions. Chapters 1 and 2 present the reactivity of novel silyloxyallyl cations. These cationic species are generated via the mild ionization of a-hydroxy silylenol ethers …

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Synthesis Of Functionalized Tetrahydropyransviacascade Cycloaddition Involving Silyloxyallyl Cation Intermediates, Fatimat O. Badmus, Joshua A. Malone, Frank R. Fronczek, Rendy Kartika May 2020

Synthesis Of Functionalized Tetrahydropyransviacascade Cycloaddition Involving Silyloxyallyl Cation Intermediates, Fatimat O. Badmus, Joshua A. Malone, Frank R. Fronczek, Rendy Kartika

Faculty Publications

© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2020. An expedient synthesis of highly substituted tetrahydrobenzofuranviaan unsymmetrical silyloxyallyl cation is reported. Conveniently generated under catalytic Brønsted acid conditions, nucleophilic capture of this reactive intermediate by silylenolate, followed by Paal-Knorr cascade cyclization in the presence of tosic acid monohydrate effectively constructed the tetrahydrobenzofuran core in a single synthetic step.

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Cardiac Fibrosis And Cardiac Fibroblast Lineage-Tracing: Recent Advances, Xing Fu, Qianglin Liu, Chaoyang Li, Yuxia Li, Leshan Wang May 2020

Cardiac Fibrosis And Cardiac Fibroblast Lineage-Tracing: Recent Advances, Xing Fu, Qianglin Liu, Chaoyang Li, Yuxia Li, Leshan Wang

Faculty Publications

© Copyright © 2020 Fu, Liu, Li, Li and Wang. Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological change associated with cardiac injuries and diseases. Even though the accumulation of collagens and other extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins may have some protective effects in certain situations, prolonged fibrosis usually negatively affects cardiac function and often leads to deleterious consequences. While the development of cardiac fibrosis involves several cell types, the major source of ECM proteins is cardiac fibroblast. The high plasticity of cardiac fibroblasts enables them to quickly change their behaviors in response to injury and transition between several differentiation states. However, the …

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Lignin-Graft-Poly(Lactic- Co-Glycolic) Acid Biopolymers For Polymeric Nanoparticle Synthesis, Carlos E. Astete, Judith U. De Mel, Sudipta Gupta, Ye Rim Noh, Markus Bleuel, Gerald J. Schneider, Cristina M. Sabliov May 2020

Lignin-Graft-Poly(Lactic- Co-Glycolic) Acid Biopolymers For Polymeric Nanoparticle Synthesis, Carlos E. Astete, Judith U. De Mel, Sudipta Gupta, Ye Rim Noh, Markus Bleuel, Gerald J. Schneider, Cristina M. Sabliov

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. A lignin-graft-poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) biopolymer was synthesized with two types of lignin (LGN), alkaline lignin (ALGN) and sodium lignosulfonate (SLGN), at different (A/S)LGN/PLGA ratios (1:2, 1:4, and 1:6 w/w). 1H NMR and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the conjugation of PLGA to LGN. The (A/S)LGN-graft-PLGA biopolymers were used to form nanodelivery systems suitable for entrapment and delivery of drugs for disease treatment. The LGN-graft-PLGA NPs were generally small (100-200 nm), increased in size with the amount of PLGA added, monodisperse, and negatively charged (-48 to -60 mV). Small-angle scattering data showed that particles feature …

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Examining Relationships Between Early Childcare Teachers' Adult Attachment Orientations And Quality Of Interaction In The Infant Classroom, Alexandra Morris Benoit May 2020

Examining Relationships Between Early Childcare Teachers' Adult Attachment Orientations And Quality Of Interaction In The Infant Classroom, Alexandra Morris Benoit

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Over the past several decades, women have entered the workforce in increasing numbers. This has led to the majority of infants and young children being cared for outside of the home by extra-familial caregivers. Research has shown the benefits that quality childcare can have on the developmental trajectories of children, as well as the detrimental effects that can be seen when children experience low quality care. Further, children are particularly vulnerable in the first year of life when they are establishing attachment bonds with their primary caregivers. With the long hours that many spend in the care of childcare workers, …

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The Strange Death Of American Democracy: Judicial Supremacy And The New Constitutional Politics, 1910-1916, Logan Istre May 2020

The Strange Death Of American Democracy: Judicial Supremacy And The New Constitutional Politics, 1910-1916, Logan Istre

LSU Master's Theses

American constitutional politics reached a crisis point during the Progressive Era. At the center of the crisis was the question as to what the Constitution meant and who had the final word in interpreting it: The Supreme Court or the People of the United States. That fundamental question came to a head in the presidential election of 1912. The result of that contest was the confirmation of judicial supremacy in constitutional interpretation and a mortal blow the nation’s traditional popular constitutional politics. The ensuring consensus of judicial supremacy has defined the nation’s constitutional politics since, which has resulted in the …

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Stunting And Physical Fitness. The Peruvian Health And Optimist Growth Study, Carla Santos, Alcibíades Bustamante, Olga Vasconcelos, Sara Pereira, Rui Garganta, Go Tani, Donald Hedeker, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, José Maia May 2020

Stunting And Physical Fitness. The Peruvian Health And Optimist Growth Study, Carla Santos, Alcibíades Bustamante, Olga Vasconcelos, Sara Pereira, Rui Garganta, Go Tani, Donald Hedeker, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, José Maia

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Stunting, defined as linear growth retardation, is a serious public health problem in developing countries. We aimed to (1) describe the prevalence of stunting in Peruvian youth living in three geographical regions, and to (2) determine height and physical fitness (PF) differences between stunted and normal-growth children across age and sex. We sampled 7918 subjects (7074 normal-growth and 844 stunted), aged 6–15 year, from sea-level, Amazon and high-altitude regions of Peru. PF was assessed with standardized tests, and stunting was computed following World Health Organization (WHO) standards. A two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used. Results showed that stunting …

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Disturbance Legacies Increase And Synchronize Nutrient Concentrations And Bacterial Productivity In Coastal Ecosystems, John S. Kominoski, Evelyn E. Gaiser, Edward Castañeda-Moya, Stephen E. Davis, Shimelis B. Dessu, Paul Julian, Dong Yoon Lee, Luca Marazzi, Victor H. Rivera-Monroy, Andres Sola, Ulrich Stingl, Sandro Stumpf, Donatto Surratt, Rafael Travieso, Tiffany G. Troxler May 2020

Disturbance Legacies Increase And Synchronize Nutrient Concentrations And Bacterial Productivity In Coastal Ecosystems, John S. Kominoski, Evelyn E. Gaiser, Edward Castañeda-Moya, Stephen E. Davis, Shimelis B. Dessu, Paul Julian, Dong Yoon Lee, Luca Marazzi, Victor H. Rivera-Monroy, Andres Sola, Ulrich Stingl, Sandro Stumpf, Donatto Surratt, Rafael Travieso, Tiffany G. Troxler

Faculty Publications

Long-term ecological research can resolve effects of disturbance on ecosystem dynamics by capturing the scale of disturbance and interactions with environmental changes. To quantify how disturbances interact with long-term directional changes (sea-level rise, freshwater restoration), we studied 17 yr of monthly dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), and phosphorus (TP) concentrations and bacterioplankton productivity across freshwater-to-marine estuary gradients exposed to multiple disturbance events (e.g., droughts, fire, hurricanes, and low-temperature anomalies) and long-term increases in water levels. By studying two neighboring drainages that differ in hydrologic connectivity, we additionally tested how disturbance legacies are shaped by hydrologic connectivity. We predicted …

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Long-Term Trajectory Of Nitrogen Loading And Delivery From Mississippi River Basin To The Gulf Of Mexico, Hanqin Tian, Rongting Xu, Shufen Pan, Yuanzhi Yao, Zihao Bian, Wei Jun Cai, Charles S. Hopkinson, Dubravko Justic, Steven Lohrenz, Chaoqun Lu, Wei Ren, Jia Yang May 2020

Long-Term Trajectory Of Nitrogen Loading And Delivery From Mississippi River Basin To The Gulf Of Mexico, Hanqin Tian, Rongting Xu, Shufen Pan, Yuanzhi Yao, Zihao Bian, Wei Jun Cai, Charles S. Hopkinson, Dubravko Justic, Steven Lohrenz, Chaoqun Lu, Wei Ren, Jia Yang

Faculty Publications

The large areal extent of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico has been partially attributed to substantial nitrogen (N) loading from the Mississippi River basin, which is driven by multiple natural and human factors. The available water quality monitoring data and most of the current models are insufficient to fully quantify N load magnitude and the underlying controls. Here we use a process-based Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model to examine how multiple factors (synthetic N fertilizer, atmospheric N deposition, land use changes, climate variability, and increasing atmospheric CO2) have affected the loading and delivery of total nitrogen (TN) consisting of …

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Plant Genome Size Influences Stress Tolerance Of Invasive And Native Plants Via Plasticity, Laura A. Meyerson, Petr Pyšek, Magdalena Lučanová, Sara Wigginton, Cao Tri Tran, James T. Cronin May 2020

Plant Genome Size Influences Stress Tolerance Of Invasive And Native Plants Via Plasticity, Laura A. Meyerson, Petr Pyšek, Magdalena Lučanová, Sara Wigginton, Cao Tri Tran, James T. Cronin

Faculty Publications

© 2020 The Authors. Plant genome size influences the functional relationships between cellular and whole-plant physiology, but we know little about its importance to plant tolerance of environmental stressors and how it contributes to range limits and invasion success. We used native and invasive lineages of a wetland plant to provide the first experimental test of the Large Genome Constraint Hypothesis (LGCH)—that plants with large genomes are less tolerant of environmental stress and less plastic under stress gradients than plants with small genomes. We predicted that populations with larger genomes would have a lower tolerance and less plasticity to a …

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Structure, Function, And Regulation Of The Essential Virulence Factor Capsular Polysaccharide Of Vibrio Vulnificus, Gregg S. Pettis, Aheli S. Mukerji May 2020

Structure, Function, And Regulation Of The Essential Virulence Factor Capsular Polysaccharide Of Vibrio Vulnificus, Gregg S. Pettis, Aheli S. Mukerji

Faculty Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Vibrio vulnificus populates coastal waters around the world, where it exists freely or becomes concentrated in filter feeding mollusks. It also causes rapid and life-threatening sepsis and wound infections in humans. Of its many virulence factors, it is the V. vulnificus capsule, composed of capsular polysaccharide (CPS), that plays a critical role in evasion of the host innate immune system by conferring antiphagocytic ability and resistance to complement-mediated killing. CPS may also provoke a portion of the host inflammatory cytokine response to this bacterium. CPS production is biochemically and genetically diverse …

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Emerging Investigator Series: Carbon Electrodes Are Effective For The Detection And Reduction Of Hexavalent Chromium In Water, Callie M. Stern, Darius W. Hayes, Lebogang O. Kgoadi, Noémie Elgrishi May 2020

Emerging Investigator Series: Carbon Electrodes Are Effective For The Detection And Reduction Of Hexavalent Chromium In Water, Callie M. Stern, Darius W. Hayes, Lebogang O. Kgoadi, Noémie Elgrishi

Faculty Publications

© 2020 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Electrochemical methods are an attractive option for the detection and reduction of toxic Cr(vi) to benign Cr(iii) in drinking water. Here a method is reported for the reproducible detection and reduction of hexavalent chromium in water on glassy carbon electrodes, over a wide range of pH. This study allows for unmodified inexpensive carbon electrodes to join gold and gold modified electrodes as substrates for Cr(vi) removal from water.

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Bionoinet: Ligand-Binding Site Classification With Off-The-Shelf Deep Neural Network, Wentao Shi, Jeffrey M. Lemoine, Abd El Monsif A. Shawky, Manali Singha, Limeng Pu, Shuangyan Yang, J. Ramanujam, Michal Brylinski May 2020

Bionoinet: Ligand-Binding Site Classification With Off-The-Shelf Deep Neural Network, Wentao Shi, Jeffrey M. Lemoine, Abd El Monsif A. Shawky, Manali Singha, Limeng Pu, Shuangyan Yang, J. Ramanujam, Michal Brylinski

Faculty Publications

© The 2020 Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Motivation: Fast and accurate classification of ligand-binding sites in proteins with respect to the class of binding molecules is invaluable not only to the automatic functional annotation of large datasets of protein structures but also to projects in protein evolution, protein engineering and drug development. Deep learning techniques, which have already been successfully applied to address challenging problems across various fields, are inherently suitable to classify ligand-binding pockets. Our goal is to demonstrate that off-the-shelf deep learning models can be employed with minimum development effort to recognize nucleotide-and …

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Targeting Egfr Overexpression At The Surface Of Colorectal Cancer Cells By Exploiting Amidated Bodipy-Peptide Conjugates, Tyrslai M. Williams, Zehua Zhou, Sitanshu S. Singh, Martha Sibrian-Vazquez, Seetharama D. Jois, Maria Da Graça Henriques Vicente May 2020

Targeting Egfr Overexpression At The Surface Of Colorectal Cancer Cells By Exploiting Amidated Bodipy-Peptide Conjugates, Tyrslai M. Williams, Zehua Zhou, Sitanshu S. Singh, Martha Sibrian-Vazquez, Seetharama D. Jois, Maria Da Graça Henriques Vicente

Faculty Publications

© 2020 American Society for Photobiology Three BODIPY-peptide conjugates designed to target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at the extracellular domain were synthesized, and their specificity for binding to EGFR was investigated. Peptide sequences containing seven amino acids, GLARLLT (2) and KLARLLT (4), and 13 amino acids, GYHWYGYTPQNVI (3), were conjugated to carboxyl BODIPY dye (1) by amide bond formation in up to 73% yields. The BODIPY-peptide conjugates and their “parent” peptides were determined to bind to EGFR experimentally using SPR analysis and were further investigated using computational methods (AutoDock). Results of SPR, competitive binding and docking studies propose …

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Population Epigenetic Divergence Exceeds Genetic Divergence In The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Kevin M. Johnson, Morgan W. Kelly May 2020

Population Epigenetic Divergence Exceeds Genetic Divergence In The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Kevin M. Johnson, Morgan W. Kelly

Faculty Publications

© 2019 The Authors. Evolutionary Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Populations may respond to environmental heterogeneity via evolutionary divergence or phenotypic plasticity. While evolutionary divergence occurs through DNA sequence differences among populations, plastic divergence among populations may be generated by changes in the epigenome. Here, we present the results of a genome-wide comparison of DNA methylation patterns and genetic structure among four populations of Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in the northern Gulf of Mexico. We used a combination of restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) to explore population structure, gene-wide averages of …

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Promoter-Proximal Chromatin Domain Insulator Protein Beaf Mediates Local And Long-Range Communication With A Transcription Factor And Directly Activates A Housekeeping Promoter In Drosophila, Yuankai Dong, S. V. Satya Prakash Avva, Mukesh Maharjan, Janice Jacobi, Craig M. Hart May 2020

Promoter-Proximal Chromatin Domain Insulator Protein Beaf Mediates Local And Long-Range Communication With A Transcription Factor And Directly Activates A Housekeeping Promoter In Drosophila, Yuankai Dong, S. V. Satya Prakash Avva, Mukesh Maharjan, Janice Jacobi, Craig M. Hart

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2020 by the Genetics Society of America BEAF (Boundary Element-Associated Factor) was originally identified as a Drosophila melanogaster chromatin domain insulator-binding protein, suggesting a role in gene regulation through chromatin organization and dynamics. Genome-wide mapping found that BEAF usually binds near transcription start sites, often of housekeeping genes, suggesting a role in promoter function. This would be a nontraditional role for an insulator-binding protein. To gain insight into molecular mechanisms of BEAF function, we identified interacting proteins using yeast two-hybrid assays. Here, we focus on the transcription factor Serendipity d (Sry-d). Interactions were confirmed in pull-down experiments using …

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Cave-Adapted Evolution In The North American Amblyopsid Fishes Inferred Using Phylogenomics And Geometric Morphometrics, Pamela B. Hart, Matthew L. Niemiller, Edward D. Burress, Jonathan W. Armbruster, William B. Ludt, Prosanta Chakrabarty May 2020

Cave-Adapted Evolution In The North American Amblyopsid Fishes Inferred Using Phylogenomics And Geometric Morphometrics, Pamela B. Hart, Matthew L. Niemiller, Edward D. Burress, Jonathan W. Armbruster, William B. Ludt, Prosanta Chakrabarty

Faculty Publications

© 2020 The Authors. Evolution © 2020 The Society for the Study of Evolution. Cave adaptation has evolved repeatedly across the Tree of Life, famously leading to pigmentation and eye degeneration and loss, yet its macroevolutionary implications remain poorly understood. We use the North American amblyopsid fishes, a family spanning a wide degree of cave adaptation, to examine the impact of cave specialization on the modes and tempo of evolution. We reconstruct evolutionary relationships using ultraconserved element loci, estimate the ancestral histories of eye-state, and examine the impact of cave adaptation on body shape evolution. Our phylogenomic analyses provide a …

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The Triple Oxygen Isotope Composition Of Precambrian Chert, Frasier L. Liljestrand, Andrew H. Knoll, Nicholas J. Tosca, Phoebe A. Cohen, Francis A. Macdonald, Yongbo Peng, David T. Johnston May 2020

The Triple Oxygen Isotope Composition Of Precambrian Chert, Frasier L. Liljestrand, Andrew H. Knoll, Nicholas J. Tosca, Phoebe A. Cohen, Francis A. Macdonald, Yongbo Peng, David T. Johnston

Faculty Publications

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. The temperature and chemistry of early seawater have both been inferred from the isotopic composition of Precambrian chert (SiO2), a precipitated mineral formed on or within marine sediments. The δ18O of chert shows a robust quasi-linear increase through time - a signal that has been interpreted in a number of conflicting ways. For example, changing δ18O has been hypothesized to reflect the product of cooling surface ocean temperatures, a signature of evolving seawater δ18O composition, or the product of later stage diagenesis (where measured δ18O reflects the composition of diagenetic fluids). We suggest this uncertainty can …

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Comprehensive Assessment Of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function In Freshly Isolated Nephron Segments, Allison Mccrimmon, Mark Domondon, Regina F. Sultanova, Daria V. Ilatovskaya, Krisztian Stadler May 2020

Comprehensive Assessment Of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function In Freshly Isolated Nephron Segments, Allison Mccrimmon, Mark Domondon, Regina F. Sultanova, Daria V. Ilatovskaya, Krisztian Stadler

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Changes in mitochondrial function are central to many forms of kidney disease, including acute injury, diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, and chronic kidney diseases. As such, there is an increasing need for reliable and fast methods for assessing mitochondrial respiratory function in renal cells. Despite being indispensable for many mechanistic studies, cultured cells or isolated mitochondria, however, often do not recapitulate in vivo or close to in vivo situations. Cultured and/or immortalized cells often change their bioenergetic profile and phenotype compared with in vivo or ex vivo situations, and isolated mitochondria are simply removed from their cellular milieu. This is especially important …

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A Pomc-Originated Circuit Regulates Stress-Induced Hypophagia, Depression, And Anhedonia, Na Qu, Yanlin He, Chunmei Wang, Pingwen Xu, Yongjie Yang, Xing Cai, Hesong Liu, Kaifan Yu, Zhou Pei, Ilirjana Hyseni, Zheng Sun, Makoto Fukuda, Yi Li, Qing Tian, Yong Xu May 2020

A Pomc-Originated Circuit Regulates Stress-Induced Hypophagia, Depression, And Anhedonia, Na Qu, Yanlin He, Chunmei Wang, Pingwen Xu, Yongjie Yang, Xing Cai, Hesong Liu, Kaifan Yu, Zhou Pei, Ilirjana Hyseni, Zheng Sun, Makoto Fukuda, Yi Li, Qing Tian, Yong Xu

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Chronic stress causes dysregulations of mood and energy homeostasis, but the neurocircuitry underlying these alterations remain to be fully elucidated. Here we demonstrate that chronic restraint stress in mice results in hyperactivity of pro-opiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (POMCARH neurons) associated with decreased neural activities of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (DAVTA neurons). We further revealed that POMCARH neurons project to the VTA and provide an inhibitory tone to DAVTA neurons via both direct and indirect neurotransmissions. Finally, we show that photoinhibition of the POMCARH→VTA circuit in mice increases body weight and food intake, …

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Covid 19 And The Patient With Obesity – The Editors Speak Out, Donna H. Ryan, Eric Ravussin, Steven Heymsfield May 2020

Covid 19 And The Patient With Obesity – The Editors Speak Out, Donna H. Ryan, Eric Ravussin, Steven Heymsfield

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

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Direct Measurement Of Sweetpotato Surface Area And Volume Using A Low-Cost 3d Scanner For Identification Of Shape Features Related To Processing Product Recovery, Arthur Villordon, Jeffrey C. Gregorie, Don Labonte May 2020

Direct Measurement Of Sweetpotato Surface Area And Volume Using A Low-Cost 3d Scanner For Identification Of Shape Features Related To Processing Product Recovery, Arthur Villordon, Jeffrey C. Gregorie, Don Labonte

Faculty Publications

The growing demand for sweetpotato French fry and other processed products has increased the need for producing storage roots of desired shape profile (i.e., blocky and less tapered). Length-width ratio (LW) is the current de facto standard for characterizing sweetpotato shape. AlthoughLWis sensitive and descriptive of some types of shape variability, this index may be inadequate to measure taper and other subtle shape variations. Prior work has shown that surface area (SA) and volume (VOL) are important shape descriptors but current direct measurement methods are tedious, inconsistent, and often destructive. A low-cost three-dimensional (3D) scanner was used to acquire digital …

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Sleep, Quality Of Life, And Depression In Endometrial Cancer Survivors With Obesity Seeking Weight Loss, Nora L. Nock, Anastasia Dimitropoulos, Kristine M. Zanotti, Steven Waggoner, Christa Nagel, Mladen Golubic, Chad M. Michener, John P. Kirwan, Jay Alberts May 2020

Sleep, Quality Of Life, And Depression In Endometrial Cancer Survivors With Obesity Seeking Weight Loss, Nora L. Nock, Anastasia Dimitropoulos, Kristine M. Zanotti, Steven Waggoner, Christa Nagel, Mladen Golubic, Chad M. Michener, John P. Kirwan, Jay Alberts

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Purpose: Incidence and mortality rates of uterine cancer are increasing and, obesity, which is also rising, has been associated with uterine cancer development and mortality. A recent study found that poor sleep quality is common among endometrial cancer survivors and those with obesity had more sleep disturbances than those having normal weight. However, it is unclear if higher levels of obesity (Class III, BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2), which are rising rapidly, are differentially associated with sleep as well as depression and quality of life in endometrial cancer survivors. Methods: We evaluated sleep, depression, and quality of life in 100 Stage …

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