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Camkiiα-Positive Interneurons Identified Via A Microrna-Based Viral Gene Targeting Strategy, Marianna K. Keaveney, Bahar Rahsepar, Hua-An Tseng, Fernando R. Fernandez, Rebecca A. Mount, Tina Ta, John A. White, Jim Berg, Xue Han Dec 2020

Camkiiα-Positive Interneurons Identified Via A Microrna-Based Viral Gene Targeting Strategy, Marianna K. Keaveney, Bahar Rahsepar, Hua-An Tseng, Fernando R. Fernandez, Rebecca A. Mount, Tina Ta, John A. White, Jim Berg, Xue Han

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Reinforcement Learning Approach For Inspect/Correct Tasks, Hoda Nasereddin Dec 2020

Reinforcement Learning Approach For Inspect/Correct Tasks, Hoda Nasereddin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this research, we focus on the application of reinforcement learning (RL) in automated agent tasks involving considerable target variability (i.e., characterized by stochastic distributions); in particular, learning of inspect/correct tasks. Examples include automated identification & correction of rivet failures in airplane maintenance procedures, and automated cleaning of surgical instruments in a hospital sterilization processing department. The location of defects and the corrective action to be taken for each varies from task episode. What needs to be learned are optimal stochastic strategies rather than optimization of any one single defect type and location. RL has been widely applied in robotics …

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Machine Learning Based Applications For Data Visualization, Modeling, Control, And Optimization For Chemical And Biological Systems, Yan Ma Dec 2020

Machine Learning Based Applications For Data Visualization, Modeling, Control, And Optimization For Chemical And Biological Systems, Yan Ma

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation report covers Yan Ma’s Ph.D. research with applicational studies of machine learning in manufacturing and biological systems. The research work mainly focuses on reaction modeling, optimization, and control using a deep learning-based approaches, and the work mainly concentrates on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Yan Ma’s research also involves with data mining with bioinformatics. Large-scale data obtained in RNA-seq is analyzed using non-linear dimensionality reduction with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP), followed by clustering analysis using k-Means and Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering with Noise (HDBSCAN). This report focuses …

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Mixed Messages: Reading Contemporary U.S. Literature Of Biracial Girlhood, Candice Nicole Hale Dec 2020

Mixed Messages: Reading Contemporary U.S. Literature Of Biracial Girlhood, Candice Nicole Hale

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The tragic mulatta character is no longer an accurate representation of biracial female characters in literature. This dissertation considers the vast history of the tragic mulatto genre and its tragic and mired representations of biracial women and how they are often portrayed in literature. Within a historical, legal, and political analysis, I highlight the ways perceptions, attitudes, and representations about biracial individuals have changed, so those same shifts should change in the literature. Because of the bourgeoning field of Critical Mixed Race Studies (CMRS), both scholars and authors are recasting and rewriting the narratives and discourses of mixed-race in the …

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Groundwater Production From Geothermal Heating On Early Mars And Implication For Early Martian Habitability, Lujendra Ojha, Jacob Buffo, Suniti Karunatillake, Matthew Siegler Dec 2020

Groundwater Production From Geothermal Heating On Early Mars And Implication For Early Martian Habitability, Lujendra Ojha, Jacob Buffo, Suniti Karunatillake, Matthew Siegler

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2020 The Authors, In explaining extensive evidence for past liquid water, the debate on whether Mars was primarily warm and wet or cold and arid 4 billion years (Ga) ago has continued for decades. The Sun’s luminosity was ~30% lower 4 Ga ago; thus, most martian climate models struggle to elevate the mean surface temperature past the melting point of water. Basal melting of ice sheets may help resolve that paradox. We modeled the thermophysical evolution of ice and estimate the geothermal heat flux required to produce meltwater on a cold, arid Mars. We then analyzed geophysical and …

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Yap/Taz Deficiency Reprograms Macrophage Phenotype And Improves Infarct Healing And Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction, Masum M. Mia, Dasan Mary Cibi, Siti Aishah Binte Abdul Ghani, Weihua Song, Nicole Tee, Sujoy Ghosh, Junhao Mao, Eric N. Olson, Manvendra K. Singh Dec 2020

Yap/Taz Deficiency Reprograms Macrophage Phenotype And Improves Infarct Healing And Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction, Masum M. Mia, Dasan Mary Cibi, Siti Aishah Binte Abdul Ghani, Weihua Song, Nicole Tee, Sujoy Ghosh, Junhao Mao, Eric N. Olson, Manvendra K. Singh

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) causes structural and functional changes in the heart leading to heart failure. The initial post-MI pro-inflammatory response followed by reparative or anti-inflammatory response is essential for minimizing the myocardial damage, healing, and scar formation. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) are recruited to the injured myocardium and are essential for cardiac repair as they can adopt both pro-inflammatory or reparative phenotypes to modulate inflammatory and reparative responses, respectively. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are the key mediators of the Hippo signaling pathway and are essential for cardiac regeneration and repair. …

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Universal Molecular Processor For Precision Medicine, Steven A. Soper, Francis Barany, Sunggook Park, Michael Murphy, Collin J. Mckinney, John William Efcavitch, Mateusz L. Hupert Dec 2020

Universal Molecular Processor For Precision Medicine, Steven A. Soper, Francis Barany, Sunggook Park, Michael Murphy, Collin J. Mckinney, John William Efcavitch, Mateusz L. Hupert

College of Science Patents

No abstract provided.

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Geographic Patterns And Environmental Correlates Of Phylogenetic Relatedness And Diversity For Freshwater Fish Assemblages In North America, Hong Qian, Yong Cao, Daijiang Li, Cindy Chu, Brody Sandel, Xianli Wang Dec 2020

Geographic Patterns And Environmental Correlates Of Phylogenetic Relatedness And Diversity For Freshwater Fish Assemblages In North America, Hong Qian, Yong Cao, Daijiang Li, Cindy Chu, Brody Sandel, Xianli Wang

Faculty Publications

© 2020 The Authors. Ecography published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic Society Oikos The tropical niche conservatism hypothesis suggests that most groups should be most phylogenetically clustered in cold, dry environments. This idea has been well-tested in plants and some animal groups, but not for fishes. We assess the geographic patterns of freshwater fish phylogenetic structure and investigate the relationships between these patterns and environmental variables across North America and within two biogeographic realms. Phylogenetic relatedness and diversity of 360 freshwater fish assemblages across North America were quantified with three metrics based on a well-dated …

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Reconstructing Genomes Of Carbon Monoxide Oxidisers In Volcanic Deposits Including Members Of The Class Ktedonobacteria, Marcela Hernández, Blanca Vera-Gargallo, Marcela Calabi-Floody, Gary M. King, Ralf Conrad, Christoph C. Tebbe Dec 2020

Reconstructing Genomes Of Carbon Monoxide Oxidisers In Volcanic Deposits Including Members Of The Class Ktedonobacteria, Marcela Hernández, Blanca Vera-Gargallo, Marcela Calabi-Floody, Gary M. King, Ralf Conrad, Christoph C. Tebbe

Faculty Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Microorganisms can potentially colonise volcanic rocks using the chemical energy in reduced gases such as methane, hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). In this study, we analysed soil metagenomes from Chilean volcanic soils, representing three different successional stages with ages of 380, 269 and 63 years, respectively. A total of 19 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were retrieved from all stages with a higher number observed in the youngest soil (1640: 2 MAGs, 1751: 1 MAG, 1957: 16 MAGs). Genomic similarity indices showed that several MAGs had amino-acid identity (AAI) values >50% to …

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Calorie Restriction For Enhanced Longevity: The Role Of Novel Dietary Strategies In The Present Obesogenic Environment, James L. Dorling, Corby K. Martin, Leanne M. Redman Dec 2020

Calorie Restriction For Enhanced Longevity: The Role Of Novel Dietary Strategies In The Present Obesogenic Environment, James L. Dorling, Corby K. Martin, Leanne M. Redman

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Calorie restriction (CR) is a potent modulator of longevity in multiple species. A growing body of evidence shows that sustained periods of CR without malnutrition improves risk factors involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders in humans. Innovative dietary strategies such as intermittent fasting and protein restriction have recently emerged as alternative approaches that improve markers of aging. Some of these newer strategies might provide benefits for healthy aging with little to no CR and therefore, compared to traditional CR, may be easier to follow. Further to providing an update of CR studies …

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Challenges And Opportunities With Causal Discovery Algorithms: Application To Alzheimer’S Pathophysiology, Xinpeng Shen, Sisi Ma, Prashanthi Vemuri, Gyorgy Simon, Michael W. Weiner, Paul Aisen, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, Andrew J. Saykin, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, John Morris, Leslie M. Shaw, Zaven Khachaturian, Greg Sorensen, Maria Carrillo, Lew Kuller, Marc Raichle, Steven Paul, Peter Davies, Howard Fillit, Franz Hefti, David Holtzman, M. Marcel Mesulam, William Potter, Peter Snyder, Adam Schwartz, Tom Montine, Ronald G. Thomas, Michael Donohue, Sarah Walter Dec 2020

Challenges And Opportunities With Causal Discovery Algorithms: Application To Alzheimer’S Pathophysiology, Xinpeng Shen, Sisi Ma, Prashanthi Vemuri, Gyorgy Simon, Michael W. Weiner, Paul Aisen, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, Andrew J. Saykin, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, John Morris, Leslie M. Shaw, Zaven Khachaturian, Greg Sorensen, Maria Carrillo, Lew Kuller, Marc Raichle, Steven Paul, Peter Davies, Howard Fillit, Franz Hefti, David Holtzman, M. Marcel Mesulam, William Potter, Peter Snyder, Adam Schwartz, Tom Montine, Ronald G. Thomas, Michael Donohue, Sarah Walter

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Causal Structure Discovery (CSD) is the problem of identifying causal relationships from large quantities of data through computational methods. With the limited ability of traditional association-based computational methods to discover causal relationships, CSD methodologies are gaining popularity. The goal of the study was to systematically examine whether (i) CSD methods can discover the known causal relationships from observational clinical data and (ii) to offer guidance to accurately discover known causal relationships. We used Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a complex progressive disease, as a model because the well-established evidence provides a “gold-standard” causal graph for evaluation. We evaluated two CSD methods, Fast …

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Comparison Of Conventional And Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques For Left-Sided Breast Cancer After Breast Conserving Surgery, Yibo Xie, Daniel Bourgeois, Beibei Guo, Rui Zhang Dec 2020

Comparison Of Conventional And Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques For Left-Sided Breast Cancer After Breast Conserving Surgery, Yibo Xie, Daniel Bourgeois, Beibei Guo, Rui Zhang

Faculty Publications

Whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) after breast conserving surgery is the standard treatment to prevent recurrence and metastasis of early stage breast cancer. This study aims to compare seven WBRT techniques including conventional tangential, field-in-field (FIF), hybrid intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), IMRT, standard volumetric modulated arc therapy (STD-VMAT), noncoplanar VMAT (NC-VMAT), and multiple arc VMAT (MA-VMAT). Fifteen patients who were previously diagnosed with left-sided early stage breast cancer and treated in our clinic were selected for this study. WBRT plans were created for these patients and were evaluated based on target coverage and normal tissue toxicities. All techniques produced clinically acceptable WBRT …

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Mobilization Of Iron Stored In Bacterioferritin Is Required For Metabolic Homeostasis In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Achala N.D. Punchi Hewage, Leo Fontenot, Jessie Guidry, Thomas Weldeghiorghis, Anil K. Mehta, Fabrizio Donnarumma, Mario Rivera Dec 2020

Mobilization Of Iron Stored In Bacterioferritin Is Required For Metabolic Homeostasis In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Achala N.D. Punchi Hewage, Leo Fontenot, Jessie Guidry, Thomas Weldeghiorghis, Anil K. Mehta, Fabrizio Donnarumma, Mario Rivera

Faculty Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Iron homeostasis offers a significant bacterial vulnerability because pathogens obtain essential iron from their mammalian hosts, but host-defenses maintain vanishingly low levels of free iron. Although pathogens have evolved mechanisms to procure host-iron, these depend on well-regulated iron homeostasis. To disrupt iron homeostasis, our work has targeted iron mobilization from the iron storage protein bacterioferritin (BfrB) by blocking a required interaction with its cognate ferredoxin partner (Bfd). The blockade of the BfrB–Bfd complex by deletion of the bfd gene (∆bfd) causes iron to irreversibly accumulate in BfrB. In this study we …

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Biological Control Agent Attack Timing And Population Variability, But Not Density, Best Explain Target Weed Density Across An Environmental Gradient, Nathan Harms, James Cronin Dec 2020

Biological Control Agent Attack Timing And Population Variability, But Not Density, Best Explain Target Weed Density Across An Environmental Gradient, Nathan Harms, James Cronin

Faculty Publications

© 2020, The Author(s). Spatial variation in plant–herbivore interactions can be important in pest systems, particularly when insect herbivores are used as biological control agents to manage invasive plants. The geographic ranges of the invasive plant alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) and its biological control agent the alligatorweed flea beetle (Agasicles hygrophila) do not completely overlap in the southeastern USA, producing spatial heterogeneity in interaction strength that may be related to latitude-correlated environmental gradients. We studied this system near the range margin of the alligatorweed flea beetle to test whether spatial variation in alligatorweed density was best explained by agent mean or …

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The Effect Of Summer Drought On The Predictability Of Local Extinctions In A Butterfly Metapopulation, Erik Van Bergen, Tad Dallas, Michelle F. Dileo, Aapo Kahilainen, Anniina L.K. Mattila, Miska Luoto, Marjo Saastamoinen Dec 2020

The Effect Of Summer Drought On The Predictability Of Local Extinctions In A Butterfly Metapopulation, Erik Van Bergen, Tad Dallas, Michelle F. Dileo, Aapo Kahilainen, Anniina L.K. Mattila, Miska Luoto, Marjo Saastamoinen

Faculty Publications

© 2020 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology The ecological impacts of extreme climatic events on population dynamics and community composition are profound and predominantly negative. Using extensive data of an ecological model system, we tested whether predictions from ecological models remain robust when environmental conditions are outside the bounds of observation. We observed a 10-fold demographic decline of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) metapopulation on the Åland islands, Finland in the summer of 2018 and used climatic and satellite data to demonstrate that this year was an anomaly …

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Development Of A Degree-Day Model To Predict Egg Hatch Of Aedes Albopictus, Kristen B. Healy, Emily Dugas, Dina M. Fonseca Dec 2020

Development Of A Degree-Day Model To Predict Egg Hatch Of Aedes Albopictus, Kristen B. Healy, Emily Dugas, Dina M. Fonseca

Faculty Publications

Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito, is an important nuisance mosquito species and known vector of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Despite their cosmopolitan distribution around the world, there is a paucity of accurate predictive models based on rates of development at different temperatures (degree-day models). These types of models can benefit mosquito control districts by predicting when to target early-season larval development, when populations are likely at their lowest levels. In this study, we determined the effect of temperature and nutrient levels on the development rates and male and female adult size of 2 Ae. albopictus populations: …

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Colletotrichum Truncatum Causing Anthracnose On Papaya Fruit (Carica Papaya) In Brazil, Willie Anderson Dos Santos Vieria, Angélica Dos Santos Nunes, Josiene Silva Veloso, Alexandre Reis Machado, Valdir Queiroz Balbino, Anthony Carlos Da Silva, André Ângelo Medeiros Gomes, Vinson Patrick Doyle, Marcos Paz Saraiva Câmara Dec 2020

Colletotrichum Truncatum Causing Anthracnose On Papaya Fruit (Carica Papaya) In Brazil, Willie Anderson Dos Santos Vieria, Angélica Dos Santos Nunes, Josiene Silva Veloso, Alexandre Reis Machado, Valdir Queiroz Balbino, Anthony Carlos Da Silva, André Ângelo Medeiros Gomes, Vinson Patrick Doyle, Marcos Paz Saraiva Câmara

Faculty Publications

Papaya anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum truncatum is reported for the first time in Brazil. The etiological agent was identified by a combination of morphological and molecular approaches. Pathogenicity was confirmed and Koch’s postulates fulfilled for a selected isolate from Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil.

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17Β-Estradiol Promotes Acute Refeeding In Hungry Mice Via Membrane-Initiated Erα Signaling, Kaifan Yu, Yanlin He, Ilirjana Hyseni, Zhou Pei, Yongjie Yang, Pingwen Xu, Xing Cai, Hesong Liu, Na Qu, Hailan Liu, Yang He, Meng Yu, Chen Liang, Tingting Yang, Julia Wang, Pierre Gourdy, Jean Francois Arnal, Francoise Lenfant, Yong Xu, Chunmei Wang Dec 2020

17Β-Estradiol Promotes Acute Refeeding In Hungry Mice Via Membrane-Initiated Erα Signaling, Kaifan Yu, Yanlin He, Ilirjana Hyseni, Zhou Pei, Yongjie Yang, Pingwen Xu, Xing Cai, Hesong Liu, Na Qu, Hailan Liu, Yang He, Meng Yu, Chen Liang, Tingting Yang, Julia Wang, Pierre Gourdy, Jean Francois Arnal, Francoise Lenfant, Yong Xu, Chunmei Wang

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Objective: Estrogen protects animals from obesity through estrogen receptor α (ERα), partially by inhibiting overeating in animals fed ad libitum. However, the effects of estrogen on feeding behavior in hungry animals remain unclear. In this study, we examined the roles of 17β-estradiol (E2) and ERα in the regulation of feeding in hungry female animals and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Wild-type female mice with surgical depletion of endogenous estrogens were used to examine the effects of E2 supplementation on acute refeeding behavior after starvation. ERα-C451A mutant mice deficient in membrane-bound ERα activity and ERα-AF20 mutant mice lacking ERα transcriptional activity …

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Estrogen Receptor-Α Expressing Neurons In The Ventrolateral Vmh Regulate Glucose Balance, Yanlin He, Pingwen Xu, Chunmei Wang, Yan Xia, Meng Yu, Yongjie Yang, Kaifan Yu, Xing Cai, Na Qu, Kenji Saito, Julia Wang, Ilirjana Hyseni, Matthew Robertson, Badrajee Piyarathna, Min Gao, Sohaib A. Khan, Feng Liu, Rui Chen, Cristian Coarfa, Zhongming Zhao, Qingchun Tong, Zheng Sun, Yong Xu Dec 2020

Estrogen Receptor-Α Expressing Neurons In The Ventrolateral Vmh Regulate Glucose Balance, Yanlin He, Pingwen Xu, Chunmei Wang, Yan Xia, Meng Yu, Yongjie Yang, Kaifan Yu, Xing Cai, Na Qu, Kenji Saito, Julia Wang, Ilirjana Hyseni, Matthew Robertson, Badrajee Piyarathna, Min Gao, Sohaib A. Khan, Feng Liu, Rui Chen, Cristian Coarfa, Zhongming Zhao, Qingchun Tong, Zheng Sun, Yong Xu

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Brain glucose-sensing neurons detect glucose fluctuations and prevent severe hypoglycemia, but mechanisms mediating functions of these glucose-sensing neurons are unclear. Here we report that estrogen receptor-α (ERα)-expressing neurons in the ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (vlVMH) can sense glucose fluctuations, being glucose-inhibited neurons (GI-ERαvlVMH) or glucose-excited neurons (GE-ERαvlVMH). Hypoglycemia activates GI-ERαvlVMH neurons via the anoctamin 4 channel, and inhibits GE-ERαvlVMH neurons through opening the ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Further, we show that GI-ERαvlVMH neurons preferentially project to the medioposterior arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (mpARH) and GE-ERαvlVMH neurons preferentially project to the dorsal Raphe nuclei (DRN). Activation of ERαvlVMH …

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Estrogen-Sensitive Medial Preoptic Area Neurons Coordinate Torpor In Mice, Zhi Zhang, Fernando M.C.V. Reis, Yanlin He, Jae W. Park, Johnathon R. Divittorio, Nilla Sivakumar, J. Edward Van Veen, Sandra Maesta-Pereira, Michael Shum, India Nichols, Megan G. Massa, Shawn Anderson, Ketema Paul, Marc Liesa, Olujimi A. Ajijola, Yong Xu, Avishek Adhikari, Stephanie M. Correa Dec 2020

Estrogen-Sensitive Medial Preoptic Area Neurons Coordinate Torpor In Mice, Zhi Zhang, Fernando M.C.V. Reis, Yanlin He, Jae W. Park, Johnathon R. Divittorio, Nilla Sivakumar, J. Edward Van Veen, Sandra Maesta-Pereira, Michael Shum, India Nichols, Megan G. Massa, Shawn Anderson, Ketema Paul, Marc Liesa, Olujimi A. Ajijola, Yong Xu, Avishek Adhikari, Stephanie M. Correa

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Homeotherms maintain a stable internal body temperature despite changing environments. During energy deficiency, some species can cease to defend their body temperature and enter a hypothermic and hypometabolic state known as torpor. Recent advances have revealed the medial preoptic area (MPA) as a key site for the regulation of torpor in mice. The MPA is estrogen-sensitive and estrogens also have potent effects on both temperature and metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that estrogen-sensitive neurons in the MPA can coordinate hypothermia and hypometabolism in mice. Selectively activating estrogen-sensitive MPA neurons was sufficient to drive a coordinated depression of metabolic rate and body …

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Metabolic Adaptation: Is It Really An Illusion?, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman Dec 2020

Metabolic Adaptation: Is It Really An Illusion?, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Genetic Determinants For Agronomic And Yield-Related Traits Localized On A Gbs-Snp Linkage Map From A Japonica X Indica Cross In Rice, Teresa B. De Leon, Rajat Pruthi, Babitha Jampala, Anna H. Borjas, Prasanta K. Subudhi Dec 2020

Genetic Determinants For Agronomic And Yield-Related Traits Localized On A Gbs-Snp Linkage Map From A Japonica X Indica Cross In Rice, Teresa B. De Leon, Rajat Pruthi, Babitha Jampala, Anna H. Borjas, Prasanta K. Subudhi

Faculty Publications

Rice is an important cereal for human consumption. Identification of QTLs for important agronomic traits with high resolution is essential to the identification of genes and marker-assisted breeding to improve rice productivity. A genotyping by sequencing (GBS)-based high-resolution SNP linkage developed in a recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population of a japonica (Bengal) × indica (Pokkali) cross was used for QTL analysis of traits such as days to heading, plant height, panicle length, flag leaf length, 1000 kernel weight, number of unfilled grains, number of filled grains, grain width, grain length, and awns using interval mapping and inclusive composite interval mapping …

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Genetic Variation In Lean Body Mass, Changes Of Appetite And Weight Loss In Response To Diet Interventions: The Pounds Lost Trial, Xiang Li, Tao Zhou, Hao Ma, Yoriko Heianza, Catherine M. Champagne, Donald A. Williamson, George A. Bray, Frank M. Sacks, Lu Qi Dec 2020

Genetic Variation In Lean Body Mass, Changes Of Appetite And Weight Loss In Response To Diet Interventions: The Pounds Lost Trial, Xiang Li, Tao Zhou, Hao Ma, Yoriko Heianza, Catherine M. Champagne, Donald A. Williamson, George A. Bray, Frank M. Sacks, Lu Qi

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Aim: To investigate whether the genetic risk score (GRS) for lean body mass (LBM) modified the effects of weight-loss diets on changes in appetite and adiposity among overweight and obese individuals. Participants and Methods: In the 2-year Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) trial, we included 692 adults who were randomly assigned to one of four diets varying in macronutrient intake. A GRS was calculated using five single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with LBM. Results: The LBM-GRS was not associated with the baseline LBM measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in a subgroup (50%) of the study population. We found …

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2020 Who Guidelines On Physical Activity And Sedentary Behaviour For Children And Adolescents Aged 5–17 Years: Summary Of The Evidence, Jean Philippe Chaput, Juana Willumsen, Fiona Bull, Roger Chou, Ulf Ekelund, Joseph Firth, Russell Jago, Francisco B. Ortega, Peter T. Katzmarzyk Dec 2020

2020 Who Guidelines On Physical Activity And Sedentary Behaviour For Children And Adolescents Aged 5–17 Years: Summary Of The Evidence, Jean Philippe Chaput, Juana Willumsen, Fiona Bull, Roger Chou, Ulf Ekelund, Joseph Firth, Russell Jago, Francisco B. Ortega, Peter T. Katzmarzyk

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) released in 2020 updated global guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children, adolescents, adults, older adults and sub-populations such as pregnant and postpartum women and those living with chronic conditions or disabilities. Objective: To summarize the evidence on the associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and health-related outcomes used to inform the 2020 WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children and adolescents aged 5–17 years. Methods: The update of the WHO guideline recommendations for children and adolescents utilized and systematically updated the evidence syntheses on physical activity and sedentary …

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A Multivariate Multilevel Analysis Of Youth Motor Competence. The Peruvian Health And Optimist Growth Study, Carla Sofia Pinho Dos Santos, Alcibíades Bustamante, Donald Hedeker, Olga Vasconcelos, Rui Garganta, Go Tani, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, José Maia Dec 2020

A Multivariate Multilevel Analysis Of Youth Motor Competence. The Peruvian Health And Optimist Growth Study, Carla Sofia Pinho Dos Santos, Alcibíades Bustamante, Donald Hedeker, Olga Vasconcelos, Rui Garganta, Go Tani, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, José Maia

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

We use a multivariate multilevel model to study the links between physical fitness (PF) and gross motor coordination (GMC) and investigate the influence of predictors affecting their levels across age. We sampled 7918 Peruvians, aged 6-15 years, from sea-level, Amazon region and high-altitude. Composite markers of GMC and PF were derived (GMCz and PFz, respectively). BMI, biological maturation, and stunting were assessed. School characteristics were obtained via an objective audit. School contexts explained 35% of the associations between PFz and GMCz, whereas children's characteristics explained 65% of the total variation. On average, with increasing age, there was a greater increase …

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New Global Guidelines On Sedentary Behaviour And Health For Adults: Broadening The Behavioural Targets, Paddy C. Dempsey, Stuart J.H. Biddle, Matthew P. Buman, Sebastien Chastin, Ulf Ekelund, Christine M. Friedenreich, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Michael F. Leitzmann, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Hidde P. Van Der Ploeg, Juana Willumsen, Fiona Bull Dec 2020

New Global Guidelines On Sedentary Behaviour And Health For Adults: Broadening The Behavioural Targets, Paddy C. Dempsey, Stuart J.H. Biddle, Matthew P. Buman, Sebastien Chastin, Ulf Ekelund, Christine M. Friedenreich, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Michael F. Leitzmann, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Hidde P. Van Der Ploeg, Juana Willumsen, Fiona Bull

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: In 2018, the World Health Organisation (WHO) commenced a program of work to update the 2010 Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, for the first-time providing population-based guidelines on sedentary behaviour. This paper briefly summarizes and highlights the scientific evidence behind the new sedentary behaviour guidelines for all adults and discusses its strengths and limitations, including evidence gaps/research needs and potential implications for public health practice. Methods: An overview of the scope and methods used to update the evidence is provided, along with quality assessment and grading methods for the eligible new systematic reviews. The literature search update …

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Advancing The Global Physical Activity Agenda: Recommendations For Future Research By The 2020 Who Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior Guidelines Development Group, Loretta Dipietro, Salih Saad Al-Ansari, Stuart J.H. Biddle, Katja Borodulin, Fiona C. Bull, Matthew P. Buman, Greet Cardon, Catherine Carty, Jean Philippe Chaput, Sebastien Chastin, Roger Chou, Paddy C. Dempsey, Ulf Ekelund, Joseph Firth, Christine M. Friedenreich, Leandro Garcia, Muthoni Gichu, Russell Jago, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Estelle Lambert, Michael Leitzmann, Karen Milton, Francisco B. Ortega, Chathuranga Ranasinghe, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Anne Tiedemann, Richard P. Troiano, Hidde P. Van Der Ploeg, Juana F. Willumsen Dec 2020

Advancing The Global Physical Activity Agenda: Recommendations For Future Research By The 2020 Who Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior Guidelines Development Group, Loretta Dipietro, Salih Saad Al-Ansari, Stuart J.H. Biddle, Katja Borodulin, Fiona C. Bull, Matthew P. Buman, Greet Cardon, Catherine Carty, Jean Philippe Chaput, Sebastien Chastin, Roger Chou, Paddy C. Dempsey, Ulf Ekelund, Joseph Firth, Christine M. Friedenreich, Leandro Garcia, Muthoni Gichu, Russell Jago, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Estelle Lambert, Michael Leitzmann, Karen Milton, Francisco B. Ortega, Chathuranga Ranasinghe, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Anne Tiedemann, Richard P. Troiano, Hidde P. Van Der Ploeg, Juana F. Willumsen

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: In July, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) commenced work to update the 2010 Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health and established a Guideline Development Group (GDG) comprising expert public health scientists and practitioners to inform the drafting of the 2020 Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior. The overall task of the GDG was to review the scientific evidence and provide expert advice to the WHO on the amount of physical activity and sedentary behavior associated with optimal health in children and adolescents, adults, older adults (> 64 years), and also specifically in pregnant and postpartum women …

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Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Zbtb16 Coordinates The Response To Energy Deficit In The Mouse Hypothalamus, Helia Cheng, Schuyler J. Pablico, Jisu Lee, Ji Suk Chang, Sangho Yu Dec 2020

Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Zbtb16 Coordinates The Response To Energy Deficit In The Mouse Hypothalamus, Helia Cheng, Schuyler J. Pablico, Jisu Lee, Ji Suk Chang, Sangho Yu

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

The central nervous system controls feeding behavior and energy expenditure in response to various internal and external stimuli to maintain energy balance. Here we report that the newly identified transcription factor zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16 (Zbtb16) is induced by energy deficit in the paraventricular (PVH) and arcuate (ARC) nuclei of the hypothalamus via glucocorticoid (GC) signaling. In the PVH, Zbtb16 is expressed in the anterior half of the PVH and co-expressed with many neuronal markers such as corticotropin-releasing hormone (Crh), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (Trh), oxytocin (Oxt), arginine vasopressin (Avp), and nitric oxide synthase 1 (Nos1). Knockdown (KD) of …

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Effect Of Overeating Dietary Protein At Different Levels On Circulating Lipids And Liver Lipid: The Proof Study, George A. Bray, Leanne M. Redman, Jennifer Rood, Elizabeth De Jonge, Steven R. Smith Dec 2020

Effect Of Overeating Dietary Protein At Different Levels On Circulating Lipids And Liver Lipid: The Proof Study, George A. Bray, Leanne M. Redman, Jennifer Rood, Elizabeth De Jonge, Steven R. Smith

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: During overeating, a low protein diet slowed the rate of weight gain and increased the energy cost of the added weight, suggesting that low protein diets reduced energy efficiency. The Protein Overfeeding (PROOF) study explored the metabolic changes to low and high protein diets, and this sub-study examined the changes in body composition and blood lipids when eating high and low protein diets during overeating. Methods: Twenty-three healthy volunteers (M = 14; F = 9) participated in an 8-week, parallel arm study where they were overfed by ~40% with diets containing 5% (LPD = low protein diet), 15% (NPD …

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Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Triggers A Senescence-Like Phenotype In Human White Preadipocytes, Katarzyna Polonis, Christiane Becari, C. Anwar A. Chahal, Yuebo Zhang, Alina M. Allen, Todd A. Kellogg, Virend K. Somers, Prachi Singh Dec 2020

Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Triggers A Senescence-Like Phenotype In Human White Preadipocytes, Katarzyna Polonis, Christiane Becari, C. Anwar A. Chahal, Yuebo Zhang, Alina M. Allen, Todd A. Kellogg, Virend K. Somers, Prachi Singh

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder associated with obesity. Emerging evidence suggest that OSA increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality partly via accelerating the process of cellular aging. Thus, we sought to examine the effects of intermittent hypoxia (IH), a hallmark of OSA, on senescence in human white preadipocytes. We demonstrate that chronic IH is associated with an increased generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species along with increased prevalence of cells with nuclear localization of γH2AX & p16. A higher prevalence of cells positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity was also evident with chronic IH exposure. …

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