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Louisiana Agriculture Summer, 2000, Lsu Agcenter

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

Type 1 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Binds To Fibrin Via Vitronectin, Thomas J. Podor, Cynthia B. Peterson, Daniel A. Lawrence, Steingrimur Stefansson, Stephen G. Shaughnessy, Denise M. Foulon, Martin Butcher, Jeffrey I. Weitz

Faculty Publications

Type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), the primary inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), circulates as a complex with the abundant plasma glycoprotein, vitronectin. This interaction stabilizes the inhibitor in its active conformation. In this report, the effects of vitronectin on the interactions of PAI-1 with fibrin clots were studied. Confocal microscopic imaging of platelet-poor plasma clots reveals that essentially all fibrin-associated PAI-1 colocalizes with fibrin-bound vitronectin. Moreover, formation of platelet-poor plasma clots in the presence of polyclonal antibodies specific for vitronectin attenuated the inhibitory effects of PAI-1 on t-PA-mediated fibrinolysis. Addition of vitronectin during clot formation markedly potentiates PAI-1-mediated …

A Comment On Coleoptera And Hymenoptera Diversity, Chris Carlton, Alfred Newfon, Margaret Thayer, George Ball, Eugene Hall, Andrew Smith, Maryliz Jameson, Brett Ratcliffe, Stewart Peck, Terry Seeno, Steven Lingafelter, Paul J. Johnson, William Warner, Paul Skelley

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Movement Of The Biotin Carboxylase B-Domain As A Result Of Atp Binding, James B. Thoden, Carol Z. Blanchard, Hazel M. Holden, Grover L. Waldrop

Faculty Publications

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the first committed step in fatty acid synthesis. In Escherichia coli, the enzyme is composed of three distinct protein components: biotin carboxylase, biotin carboxyl carrier protein, and carboxyltransferase. The biotin carboxylase component has served for many years as a paradigm for mechanistic studies devoted toward understanding more complicated biotin-dependent carboxylases. The three-dimensional x-ray structure of an unliganded form of E. coli biotin carboxylase was originally solved in 1994 to 2.4-Å resolution. This study revealed the architecture of the enzyme and demonstrated that the protein belongs to the ATP-grasp superfamily. Here we describe the three-dimensional structure of the …

Direct Nitric Oxide Signal Transduction Via Nitrosylation Of Iron-Sulfur Centers In The Soxr Transcription Activator, Huangen Ding, Bruce Demple

Faculty Publications

Nitric oxide (NO) has diverse roles in intercellular communication and (at higher levels) in immune-mediated cell killing. NO reacts with many cellular targets, with cell-killing effects correlated to inactivation of key enzymes through nitrosylation of their iron-sulfur centers. SoxR protein, a redox-sensitive transcription activator dependent on the oxidation state of its binuclear iron-sulfur ([2Fe-2S]) centers, is also activated in Escherichia coli on exposure to macrophage-generated NO. We show here that SoxR activation by NO occurs through direct modification of the [2Fe-2S] centers to form protein-bound dinitrosyl-iron-dithiol adducts, which we have observed both in intact bacterial cells and in purified SoxR …

A New Species Of Garter Snake From Western Mexico, Roger Conant

Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University

No abstract provided.

A Drosophila Esc-E(Z) Protein Complex Is Distinct From Other Polycomb Group Complexes And Contains Covalently Modified Esc, Joyce Ng, Craig M. Hart, Kelly Morgan, Jeffrey A. Simon

Faculty Publications

The extra sex combs (ESC) and Enhancer of zeste [E(Z)] proteins, members of the Polycomb group (PcG) of transcriptional repressors, interact directly and are coassociated in fly embryos. We report that these two proteins are components of a 600-kDa complex in embryos. Using gel filtration and affinity chromatography, we show that this complex is biochemically distinct from previously described complexes containing the PcG proteins Polyhomeotic, Polycomb, and Sex comb on midleg. In addition, we present evidence that ESC is phosphorylated in vivo and that this modified ESC is preferentially associated in the complex with E(Z). Modified ESC accumulates between 2 …

Subsisting On Non-Livable Wages: Women In Pittsburgh's Public Housing, Laurel Jeanne Person

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

With the largest per capita public housing stock in the United States, Pittsburgh has been wrestling with policy reforms throughout the 1990s. The federal Hope VI program was instituted by the Clinton administration in an effort to revamp the nation’s public housing system. Though the program’s intentions are admirable, the results in Pittsburgh have been injurious. Long-term residents have lost the only place they knew as home, families stay in shelters until appropriate units become available, and Hope VI diverts funds from restoration projects to meet the Housing Authority’s political agenda. Given this volatile situation in the “Iron City”, I …

Anomalous Shape Recognition Using Computer Vision, Chang-Sik Kim

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

In this research, a new method for anomalous shape recognition, named Curvature-Angular Descriptor (CAD), was written. The CAD generates shape feature vectors from a given curve shape. These vectors can be used to uniquely characterize the shape.

The sweet potato has one of the most irregular shapes of any fruit or vegetable. The Standards for Grades of sweet potato shapes (The Code of Federal Regulation, title 7 Agriculture, 1995) are very subjective. For this reason, the sweet potato was chosen as an anomalous shape for evaluating the CAD. The CAD was applied using two methods for sweet potato shape recognition. …

Comparison Of The Mutant Frequency And Mutation Spectra Of Three Non-Genotoxic Carcinogens Oxazepam, Phenobarbital, And Wyeth 14,643 At The Λcii Locus In Big Blue Transgenic Mice, Vijaypreet K. Singh

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Louisiana Agriculture Spring, 2000, Lsu Agcenter

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

Adoption Of Best Management Practices By Louisiana Rice Producers(Research Report# 107), Michael E. Salassi, Marisa L. Zansler

LSU AgCenter Research Reports

The results presented in this publication indicate that efforts to educate producers about nonpoint source pollution and recommended practices to minimize it can be effective in encouraging producers to adopt best management practices, whether those educational efforts are through dissemination of information at producer meetings or other outlets.

Design Of A Fluoride Removal Water Treatment System For A Guatemalan Community: An Exercise In Global Engineering, Jason R. El Koubi

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Prolonged Soil Drought On Ch4 Oxidation In A Temperate Spruce Forest, W. Borken, R. Brumme, Y. J. Xu

Faculty Publications

Our objective was to determine potential impacts of changes in rainfall amount and distribution on soil CH4 oxidation in a temperate forest ecosystem. We constructed a roof below the canopy of a 65-year-old Norway spruce forest (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and simulated two climate change scenarios: (1) an extensively prolonged summer drought of 172 days followed by a rewetting period of 19 days in 1993 and (2) a less intensive summer drought of 108 days followed by a rewetting period of 33 days in 1994. CH4 oxidation, soil matric potential, and soil temperature were measured hourly to daily over a …

Functional Microanatomy Of The Feather-Bearing Integument: Implications For The Evolution Of Birds And Avian Flight, Dominique G. Homberger, Kumudini N.D.E. Silva

Faculty Publications

A selective regime favoring a streamlining of body contours and surfaces is proposed as having been instrumental in driving the morphological and functional transformations of an unfeathered reptilian integument into a featherbearing avian one. This hypothesis is consistent with a new, structurally and functionally coherent analysis of the microanatomy of the avian feather-bearing integument as a complex, integrated organ system that includes an intricate, hydraulic skeleto-muscular apparatus of the feathers, a dermo-subcutaneous muscle system of the integument, and a subcutaneous hydraulic skeletal system formed by fat bodies. Key elements of the evidence supporting the new hypothesis are (1) the presence …

Positive Selection And Propeptide Repeats Promote Rapid Interspecific Divergence Of A Gastropod Sperm Protein, Michael E. Hellberg, Gary W. Moy, Victor D. Vacquier

Faculty Publications

Male-specific proteins have increasingly been reported as targets of positive selection and are of special interest because of the role they may play in the evolution of reproductive isolation. We report the rapid interspecific divergence of cDNA encoding a major acrosomal protein of unknown function (TMAP) of sperm from five species of teguline gastropods. A mitochondrial DNA clock (calibrated by congeneric species divided by the Isthmus of Panama) estimates that these five species diverged 2-10 MYA. Inferred amino acid sequences reveal a propeptide that has diverged rapidly between species. The mature protein has diverged faster still due to high nonsynonymous …

Global Change And Biodiversity Linkages Across The Sediment-Water Interface, C. R. Smith, M. C. Austen, G. Boucher, C. Heip, P. A. Hutchings, G. M. King, I. Koike, P. J.D. Lambshead, P. Snelgrove

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Linking Biodiversity Above And Below The Marine Sediment-Water Interface, P. V.R. Snelgrove, M. C. Austen, G. Boucher, C. Heip, P. A. Hutchings, G. M. King, I. Koike, P. J.D. Lambshead, C. R. Smith

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Granular Activated Carbons From Agricultural By-Products: Preparation, Properties, And Application In Cane Sugar Refining, Mohamed Ahmedna

LSU Agricultural Experiment Station Reports

No abstract provided.

Cd8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses To Lytic Proteins Of Human Herpes Virus 8 In Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected And -Uninfected Individuals, Qiong J. Wang, Frank J. Jenkins, Lisa P. Jacobson, Yuan Xiang Meng, Philip E. Pellett, Lawrence A. Kingsley, Konstantin G. Kousoulas, Abolghasem Baghian, Charles R. Rinaldo

Faculty Publications

T cell immunity to lytic proteins of herpesviruses is important in host control of infection. We have characterized the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to 5 human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) homologues of lytic proteins in HHV-8-seropositive individuals. HLA class I-restricted, CD8+ CTL responses to ≥1 HHV-8 lytic protein were detected in all 14 HHV-8-seropositive study subjects tested, with or without human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but not in any of 5 HHV-8-seronegative individuals. Seven of these study subjects with both HHV-8 and HIV-1 infection had greater anti-CTL reactivity to glycoprotein H (open-reading frame 22) than did the 7 …

Safety Of Brucella Abortus Strain Rb51 In Bull Elk, Walter E. Cook, Elizabeth S. Williams, E. Tom Thorne, Terry J. Kreeger, Glenn W. Stout, Gerhardt Schurig, Lesley A. Colby, Fred Enright, Philip H. Elzer

Faculty Publications

Some of the elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) of the Greater Yellowstone Area (Wyoming, Idaho, Montana; USA) are infected with Brucella abortus, the bacterium that causes bovine brucellosis. Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine is being considered as a means to control B. abortus induced abortions in cow elk. However, the most probable vaccination strategies for use in free-ranging elk might also result in some bull elk being inoculated, thus, it is important to insure that the vaccine is safe in these animals. In the winter of 1995, 10 free-ranging bull elk calves were captured, tested for B. abortus antibodies, and intramuscularly …

Coronavirus And Pasteurella Infections In Bovine Shipping Fever Pneumonia And Evans' Criteria For Causation, J. Storz, X. Lin, C. W. Purdy, V. N. Chouljenko, K. G. Kousoulas, F. M. Enright, W. C. Gilmore, R. E. Briggs, R. W. Loan

Faculty Publications

Respiratory tract infections with viruses and Pasteurella spp. were determined sequentially among 26 cattle that died during two severe epizootics of shipping fever pneumonia. Nasal swab and serum samples were collected prior to onset of the epizootics, during disease progression, and after death, when necropsies were performed and lung samples were collected. Eighteen normal control cattle also were sampled at the beginning of the epizootics as well as at weekly intervals for 4 weeks. Respiratory bovine coronaviruses (RBCV) were isolated from nasal secretions of 21 and 25 cattle before and after transport. Two and 17 cattle nasally shed Pasteurella spp. …

Safety Of Brucella Abortus Strain Rb51 In Bull Elk, Walter E. Cook, Elizabeth S. Williams, E. Tom Thorne, Terry J. Kreeger, Glenn W. Stout, Gerhardt Schurig, Lesley A. Colby, Fred Enright, Philip H. Elzer

Faculty Publications

Some of the elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) of the Greater Yellowstone Area (Wyoming, Idaho, Montana; USA) are infected with Brucella abortus, the bacterium that causes bovine brucellosis. Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine is being considered as a means to control B. abortus induced abortions in cow elk. However, the most probable vaccination strategies for use in free-ranging elk might also result in some bull elk being inoculated, thus, it is important to insure that the vaccine is safe in these animals. In the winter of 1995, 10 free-ranging bull elk calves were captured, tested for B. abortus antibodies, and intramuscularly …

Safety And Efficacy Of Brucella Abortus Strain Rb51 Vaccine In Captive Pregnant Elk, Terry J. Kreeger, Michael W. Miller, Margaret A. Wild, Philip H. Elzer, Steven C. Olsen

Faculty Publications

Brucella abortus strain RB51 is a laboratory-derived rough mutant of virulent B. abortus strain 2308 used as a vaccine because it induces antibodies that do not react on standard brucellosis serologic tests. Strain RB51 vaccine was evaluated in pregnant captive elk (Cervus elaphus) to determine (1) if it induced abortion and (2) if it protected against abortion following subsequent challenge. The time period of this study (February-June, 1998) was similar to field conditions where elk are vaccinated and possibly exposed to B. abortus. Fourteen elk were randomly and equally divided into vaccinated and control groups. The vaccinated group was vaccinated …

The Distribution Of Human Genetic Diversity: A Comparison Of Mitochondrial, Autosomal, And Y-Chromosome Data, Lynn B. Jorde, W. S. Watkins, M. J. Bamshad, M. E. Dixon, C. E. Ricker, M. T. Seielstad, M. A. Batzer

Faculty Publications

We report a comparison of worldwide genetic variation among 255 individuals by using autosomal, mitochondrial, and Y-chromosome polymorphisms. Variation is assessed by use of 30 autosomal restriction-site polymorphisms (RSPs), 60 autosomal short-tandem-repeat polymorphisms (STRPs), 13 Alu-insertion polymorphisms and one LINE-1 element, 611 bp of mitochondrial control-region sequence, and 10 Y-chromosome polymorphisms. Analysis of these data reveals substantial congruity among this diverse array of genetic systems. With the exception of the autosomal RSPs, in which an ascertainment bias exists, all systems show greater gene diversity in Africans than in either Europeans or Asians. Africans also have the largest total number of …

Validation Of The Fluorescence Polarization Assay And Comparison To Other Serological Assays For The Detection Of Serum Antibodies To Brucella Abortus In Bison, D. Gall, K. Nielsen, L. Forbes, D. Davis, P. Elzer, S. Olsen, S. Balsevicius, L. Kelly, P. Smith, S. Tan, D. Joly

Faculty Publications

A number of serological tests were compared for the detection of antibodies to Brucella abortus in bison (Bison bison). The performance of the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) in both the preliminary evaluation and a subsequent blind validation indicated that this test was the most suitable for serological diagnosis of brucellosis in bison. The sensitivity and specificity in the preliminary evaluation were 92.1% and 99.4%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity in a subsequent blind study were 96.3% and 97.6%, respectively. In a double blind study conducted on bison vaccinated with B. abortus strain 19, the data suggests that the FPA can …

A Multiplex Approach To Molecular Detection Of Brucella Abortus And/Or Mycobacterium Boris Infection In Cattle, Srinand Sreevatsan, Jack B. Bookout, Fidel Ringpis, Veera S. Perumaalla, Thomas A. Ficht, L. Garry Adams, Sue D. Hagius, Philip H. Elzer, Betsy J. Bricker, Girish K. Kumar, M. Rajasekhar, Srikrishna Isloor, Raj R. Barathur

Faculty Publications

A multiplex amplification and detection platform for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis and Brucella abortus infection simultaneously in bovine milk and nasal secretions was developed. This system (designated the bovine pathogen detection assay [BPDA]-PCR) consists of duplex amplification of species-specific targets (a region of the BCSP31K gene of B. abortus and a repeat-sequence region in the hsp65 gene of M. bovis, respectively). This is followed by a solid-phase probe capture hybridization of amplicons for detection. On the basis of spiking experiments with normal milk, the analytical sensitivity of the assay was 800 CFU equivalents/ml of milk for B. abortus and …

Louisiana Agriculture Winter, 2000, Lsu Agcenter

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

Lipase And Lipoxygenase Activity, Functionality, And Nutrient Losses In Rice Bran During Storage (Bulletin #870), Fatemeh Malekian, Ramu M. Rao, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul, Wayne E. Marshall, Marlene Windhauser, Mohammed Ahmedna

LSU AgCenter Bulletins

This bulletin includes information on the feasibility of using microwave heat to inactivate lipase and LOX, determine the optimum storage and packaging conditions with the fewest adverse effects on functionality, and to determine changes in functionality of rice bran as a result of heat treatment.

Granular Activated Carbons From Agricultural By-Products: Preparation, Properties, And Application In Cane Sugar Refining (Bulletin #869), Mohamed Ahmedna, Wayne E. Marshall, Ramu M. Rao

LSU AgCenter Bulletins

The objectives of this investigation were to convert select Louisiana agricultural by-products to GAC and to characterize these carbons in terms of those physical (surface area, pore structure) and chemical (surface charge, functional groups) properties directly related to adsorption of raw sugar colorants.