Digital Commons Network^™

Different Indicators Of Adiposity And Fat Distribution And Cardiometabolic Risk Factors In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Li Ding, Yuxin Fan, Jing He, Ruodan Wang, Qing He, Jingqiu Cui, Zhongshu Ma, Fangqiu Zheng, Hua Gao, Chenlin Dai, Hongyan Wei, Jun Li, Yuming Cao, Gang Hu, Ming Liu

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adiposity and fat distribution on the odds of elevated cardiovascular risk factors among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 2,427 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Body fat was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate effects of adiposity parameters on elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, ≥7.0%), hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg), and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (≥2.6 mmol/L). Results: The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for elevated HbA1c was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.70-0.96) for each SD increase in leg fat …

Circadian Rhythms In Legumes: What Do We Know And What Else Should We Explore?, Hazel Marie Kugan, Nur Ardiyana Rejab, Nurul Amylia Sahruzaini, Jennifer Ann Harikrishna, Niranjan Baisakh, Acga Cheng

Faculty Publications

The natural timing devices of organisms, commonly known as biological clocks, are composed of specific complex folding molecules that interact to regulate the circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms, the changes or processes that follow a 24‐h light–dark cycle, while endogenously programmed, are also influenced by environmental factors, especially in sessile organisms such as plants, which can impact ecosystems and crop productivity. Current knowledge of plant clocks emanates primarily from research on Arabidopsis, which identified the main components of the circadian gene regulation network. Nonetheless, there remain critical knowledge gaps related to the molecular components of circadian rhythms in important crop groups, …

The Adaptive Gamesquad Xbox-Based Physical Activity And Health Coaching Intervention For Youth With Neurodevelopmental And Psychiatric Diagnoses: Pilot Feasibility Study, April B. Bowling, James Slavet, Chelsea Hendrick, Robbie Beyl, Phillip Nauta, Marilyn Augustyn, Mediatrix Mbamalu, Carol Curtin, Linda Bandini, Aviva Must, Amanda E. Staiano

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: The prevalence of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses (NPDs) in youth is increasing, and unhealthy physical activity (PA), diet, screen time, and sleep habits contribute to the chronic disease disparities and behavioral challenges this population experiences. Objective: This pilot study aims to adapt a proven exergaming and telehealth PA coaching intervention for typically developing youth with overweight or obesity; expand it to address diet, screen, and sleep behaviors; and then test its feasibility and acceptability, including PA engagement, among youth with NPDs. Methods: Participants (N=23; mean age 15.1 years, SD 1.5; 17 males, 9 people of color) recruited in person …

Does The Impact Of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention On Cognitive Function Vary Depending Baseline Level Of Frailty? An Ancillary Study To The Action For Health In Diabetes (Look Ahead) Trial, Felicia R. Simpson, Owen Carmichael, Kathleen M. Hayden, Christina E. Hugenschmidt, Jeanne M. Mccaffery, Sevil Yasar, Nicholas M. Pajewski, Mark A. Espeland

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Aims: To assess whether there is an opportune window when intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) benefits cognitive function. Methods: Standardized cognitive assessments were collected following ≥8 years of either ILI or a control condition of diabetes support and education (DSE) in 3708 individuals, ages 45-76 years at enrollment, with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. Frailty index (FI) scores were used to group individuals at baseline into tertiles according to their age-related health status. Linear models were used to describe intervention adherence and cognitive function, with interaction terms to examine the consistency of relationships among tertiles. Results: Worse baseline FI …

Healthy Eating In Low-Income Rural Louisiana Parishes: Formative Research For Future Social Marketing Campaigns, Linda Fergus, Richie Roberts, Denise Holston

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Rev-Erb In Gabaergic Neurons Controls Diurnal Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity, Guolian Ding, Xin Li, Xinguo Hou, Wenjun Zhou, Yingyun Gong, Fuqiang Liu, Yanlin He, Jia Song, Jing Wang, Paul Basil, Wenbo Li, Sichong Qian, Pradip Saha, Jinbang Wang, Chen Cui, Tingting Yang, Kexin Zou, Younghun Han, Christopher I. Amos, Yong Xu, Li Chen, Zheng Sun

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Systemic insulin sensitivity shows a diurnal rhythm with a peak upon waking1,2. The molecular mechanism that underlies this temporal pattern is unclear. Here we show that the nuclear receptors REV-ERB-α and REV-ERB-β (referred to here as ‘REV-ERB’) in the GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric acid-producing) neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) (SCNGABA neurons) control the diurnal rhythm of insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production in mice, without affecting diurnal eating or locomotor behaviours during regular light–dark cycles. REV-ERB regulates the rhythmic expression of genes that are involved in neurotransmission in the SCN, and modulates the oscillatory firing activity of SCNGABA neurons. Chemogenetic stimulation …

The Modern Plant Breeding Triangle: Optimizing The Use Of Genomics, Phenomics, And Enviromics Data, Jose Crossa, Roberto Fritsche-Neto, Osval A. Montesinos-Lopez, Germano Costa-Neto, Susanne Dreisigacker, Abelardo Montesinos-Lopez, Alison R. Bentley

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Nitrification Inhibitors Reduce Nitrogen Losses And Improve Soil Health In A Subtropical Pastureland, Yili Meng, Jim J. Wang, Zhuo Wei, Syam K. Dodla, Lisa M. Fultz, Lewis A. Gaston, Ran Xiao, Jong Hwan Park, Guillermo Scaglia

Faculty Publications

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management in agricultural field affects soil N budget that can have significant implication in greenhouse gas emission and environmental pollution. This study investigates the effects of nitrification inhibitors Dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP) with urea application on soil N budget and microbial community in a subtropical pasture field. A field experiment consisting of four treatments, including control, urea, urea DCD, and urea DMPP was conducted in 2016 and 2017. Nitrous oxide emission and inorganic-N losses through leaching and runoff were quantified. In addition, soil microbial community response to the imposed treatments was characterized by analysis …

Trichoderma Asperellum Inoculation As A Tool For Attenuating Drought Stress In Sugarcane, Daniele Scudeletti, Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol, João William Bossolani, Luiz Gustavo Moretti, Letusa Momesso, Brenda Servaz Tubaña, Sérgio Gustavo Quassi De Castro, Elisa Fidêncio De Oliveira, Mariangela Hungria

Faculty Publications

Drought stress is an important concern worldwide which reduces crop yield and quality. To alleviate this problem, Trichoderma asperellum has been used as a plant growth-promoting fungus capable of inducing plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we examined the effect of T. asperellum inoculation on sugarcane plant above and belowground development under drought stress and investigated the role of this fungus on inducing tolerance to drought at physiological and biochemical levels. The experiment was performed in pots under greenhouse conditions, with four treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of sugarcane plants inoculated or not with T. asperellum …

Capture And Metabolomic Analysis Of The Human Endometrial Epithelial Organoid Secretome, Constantine A. Simintiras, Pramod Dhakal, Chaman Ranjit, Harriet C. Fitzgerald, Ahmed Z. Balboula, Thomas E. Spencer

Faculty Publications

Suboptimal uterine fluid (UF) composition can lead to pregnancy loss and likely contributes to offspring susceptibility to chronic adult-onset disorders. However, our understanding of the biochemical composition and mechanisms underpinning UF formation and regulation remain elusive, particularly in humans. To address this challenge, we developed a high-throughput method for intraorganoid fluid (IOF) isolation from human endometrial epithelial organoids. The IOF is biochemically distinct to the extraorganoid fluid (EOF) and cell culture medium as evidenced by the exclusive presence of 17 metabolites in IOF. Similarly, 69 metabolites were unique to EOF, showing asymmetrical apical and basolateral secretion by the in vitro …

Physicochemical Properties Of High Protein Rice Flours And Application In A Cupcake, Ricardo Jose Santos Aleman

LSU Master's Theses

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important ingredient for the development of gluten free bakery products. The quality of these types of products varies depending on the levels of rice amylose, particle size of the rice flour, grain length, water absorption rate and the used of other ingredients such as hydrocoillds. This research work aimed to develop a cupcake using high protein brown rice flour in combination with tapioca starch and potato starch of which the formulations were evaluated for textural properties (resilience, springiness, chewiness, cohesiveness and hardness), specific volume, color and sensory attributes, using a mixture design of Simplex-Centroid …

Development Of Pudding And Gravy With Rice Starch, Stearic Acid And Lysine, Andrea Suazo Rosales

LSU Master's Theses

Starch is a common ingredient used in the food industry for many products. This study was focused on developing products (gravy and pudding) with a clean label starch. The clean label starch was prepared with rice starch, 1% stearic acid, and 6% lysine, which was gelatinized, freeze-dried, and grinded. Both products were made with three different starch types: rice starch, commercial modified starch, and clean label starch. These starches were analyzed with DSC, SEM, Megazyme Amylose/Amylopectin kit, and RVA. With the results from the RVA, SEM, and DCS it is inferred that the freeze-drying process has altered the structure of …

The One – Way (Agri)Cultural Mirror: A Case Study Of How Young Agriculturalists Understand And Experience Culture, Janiece M. Pigg

LSU Master's Theses

As the global economy continues to transform how society operates, cultural competence has become a buzzword in education, professional development, research, government, and healthcare (Gay, 1994; Gallus et al., 2014). Cross et al. (1989) developed the most accepted definition of cultural competence: “a set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency, or among professionals and enable that system, agency, or those professionals to work effectively in cross-cultural situations” (p. 13).

Despite this, little to no research has been devoted to understanding cultural competence in agriculture. Thus, a need emerged to describe the cultural competence …

Implementing Four Modeling Improvement Strategies To Measure The Economic Contribution Of The Alligator Farming Industry In Louisiana, Ilich Fernan Rosales Chiessa

LSU Master's Theses

The alligator industry in Louisiana has not had a study in thirty years that has measured its economic contribution. The industry has changed structurally over that period, and it produces more alligator skins but is concentrated in a smaller number of producers. With current threats to the industry through potential bans on alligator sales in states like California, the importance of these studies for the industry are more important now than ever. This study measures the economic contribution of American alligator across the supply chain of the state of Louisiana through four different modeling improvement strategies. These consist of using …

The Emotional Deficits Associated With Traits Present In Primary And Secondary Psychopathy In Youth, Tai Lambert

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Restoration Agriculture In Louisiana: On The Prospects And Ethics Of Creating A Permanent, Dynamic Agricultural System Suited For Louisiana's Environment, Noah Willsea

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Serving Plate Types And Color Cues On Liking And Purchase Intent Of Cheese-Flavored Tortilla Chips, Cristhiam Gurdian, Damir Torrico, Bin Li, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Physiology Of Energy Intake In The Weight-Reduced State, Hans Rudolf Berthoud, Randy J. Seeley, Susan B. Roberts

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Physiological adaptations to intentional weight loss can facilitate weight regain. This review summarizes emerging findings on hypothalamic and brainstem circuitry in the regulation of body weight and identifies promising areas for research to improve therapeutic interventions for sustainable weight loss. There is good evidence that body weight is actively regulated in a homeostatic fashion similar to other physiological parameters. However, the defended level of body weight is not fixed but rather depends on environmental conditions and genetic background in an allostatic fashion. In an environment with plenty of easily available energy-dense food and low levels of physical activity, prone individuals …

Bilateral Nirs Measurements Of Muscle Mitochondrial Capacity: Feasibility And Repeatability, Rewais Hanna, Jigar Gosalia, Alaina Demalis, Zachary Hobson, Kevin K. Mccully, Brian A. Irving, Swapan Mookerjee, Giampietro L. Vairo, David N. Proctor

Faculty Publications

Background: Non-invasive determination of mitochondrial capacity via near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) typically involves voluntary exercise of a single muscle group followed by as many as 26 brief ischemic cuff occlusions to determine a single recovery rate constant (k). Purpose: To determine the within- and between-visit repeatability of a shortened bilateral NIRS protocol, and to establish the feasibility of hamstring k measurements. Methods: Sixteen young (eight women, eight men; 22 ± 3 years) active adults underwent a bilateral electrical stimulation protocol in which multiple (n = 4) measurements of k for the vastus lateralis (VL) and medial hamstring (MH) muscles were …

Resting Energy Expenditure Is Elevated In Asthma, Jacob T. Mey, Brittany Matuska, Laura Peterson, Patrick Wyszynski, Michelle Koo, Jacqueline Sharp, Emily Pennington, Stephanie Mccarroll, Sarah Micklewright, Peng Zhang, Mark Aronica, Kristin K. Hoddy, Catherine M. Champagne, Steven B. Heymsfield, Suzy A.A. Comhair, John P. Kirwan, Serpil C. Erzurum, Anny Mulya

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Background:Asthma physiology affects respiratory function and inflammation, factors that may contribute to elevated resting energy expenditure (REE) and altered body composition. Objective: We hypothesized that asthma would present with elevated REE compared to weight-matched healthy controls. Methods: Adults with asthma (n = 41) and healthy controls (n = 20) underwent indirect calorimetry to measure REE, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to measure body composition, and 3-day diet records. Clinical assessments included spirometry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), and a complete blood count. Results: Asthmatics had greater REE than controls amounting to an increase of ~100 kcals/day, even though body mass index …

Effect Of 2 Years Of Calorie Restriction On Liver Biomarkers: Results From The Calerie Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial, James L. Dorling, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, Manju Bhapkar, Kim M. Huffman, Susan B. Racette, Sai K. Das, John W. Apolzan, William E. Kraus, Christoph Höchsmann, Corby K. Martin

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Purpose: Calorie restriction (CR) is an effective treatment for obesity-related liver and metabolic disease. However, CR studies in individuals without obesity are needed to see if CR could delay disease onset. Liver biomarkers indicate hepatic health and are linked to cardiometabolic disease. Our aim was to examine the effects of a 2-year CR intervention on liver biomarkers in healthy individuals without obesity. Methods: The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study was a 2-year randomized controlled trial. Overall, 218 participants (body mass index: 25.1 ± 1.7 kg/m2) were enrolled into a control group (n = …

Evaluation Of Eight Kinds Of Flavor Enhancer Of Umami Taste By An Electronic Tongue, Kai Wang, Haining Zhuang, Fangling Bing, Da Chen, Tao Feng, Zhimin Xu

Faculty Publications

The umami intensity of single flavor enhancer was detected by an electronic tongue and human sensory. The linear fit was performed to unravel the concentration–response values correlations of eight flavor enhancers. The electronic tongue response data were then analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant factor analysis (DFA) method. It was found that the umami response value of the electronic tongue and the flavor enhancer concentration showed a semi-logarithmic function. Moreover, the PCA and DFA could successfully distinguish the variety and concentration of flavor enhancer. The umami intensities were also assessed by human sensory and showed consistency with those …

Determination Of Ligustrazine In Rat Serum By Polymer Monolithic Micro-Extraction Combined With Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Danling Sun, Xitian Peng, Maomin Peng, Xian Zhang, Hong Xia, Zhimin Xu, Xizhou Hu

Faculty Publications

This study focused on developing an effective and environmentally friendly method to measure ligustrazine in rat serum by using polymer monolith micro-extraction (PMME) technique. A poly (methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) material was used to extract ligustrazine through hydrophobic and ion-exchange interaction. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed by a liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. After optimization of several PMME conditions, the developed method exhibited excellent extraction performance to the ligustrazine. Good linearity was acquired ranging from 10 to 2,000 ng mL-1, and the limit of detection of the proposed method was 0.14 ng mL-1. The recoveries measured by spiking …

Development And Mechanical Characterization Of A Composite Biomaterial Made From Agricultural Waste Reinforcement In A Fungal Mycelium Matrix., John Adam Howe

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Determining The Effects Of Exogenous Human Chorionic Gonadotropin And Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin On Plasma Testosterone, Testicular Volume, And Semen Production In Leopard Geckos (Eublepharis Macularius), Alexandra Mason

LSU Master's Theses

Planet earth has now entered into its sixth mass extinction as a result of expanding human populations, posing an unprecedented threat to biologic diversity. Climate change, habitat fragmentation, wildlife trade, pollution, and biological invasions are just a few consequences of human activities that have directly contributed to unprecedented species extinctions. While widespread amphibian declines have gained more recent attention, it has been proposed that reptiles may be in even greater danger of extinction worldwide. Unfortunately, many reptiles are destined to go extinct before many of their basic biologic traits, including reproductive methods, have even been determined.

In order to mitigate …

The Bioarchaeology Of The Lake St. Agnes Mound (16av26) Site: Exploring Diet From Fragmentary Remains, Kenneth Tremblay

LSU Master's Theses

The Lake St. Agnes Mound (16AV26) site, located in central Louisiana, is composed of two, temporally distinct burial components; one, a Coles Creek period component, at the base of the mound (~780-880 CE), and the other, a Plaquemine subperiod component, at its apex (~1400 CE). These burials, though heavily fragmented, commingled, and representing small sample sizes, are valuable for studying the transition to agriculture in the Lower Mississippi River Valley. It is now clear that for the Coles Creek period, maize was likely only a ceremonial crop rather than a staple food source (Kidder, 1993; Listi, 2011). The reliance on …

Effect Of Contact Time And Attachment Level Of Bacterial Pathogens On Efficacy Of Chlorine Treatment In Fresh Produce, Jyoti Aryal

LSU Master's Theses

Bacterial attachment or biofilm formation on produce surfaces may result in limited penetration ability of sanitizers. This study examined the wet and dry contact time (WCT or DCT) of produce during washing with sanitizer and evaluated the effect of attachment level of Listeria monocytogenes during storage on the efficacy of chlorine treatment. Spinach and bell peppers were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica. The produce was then washed by dipping into a 100 ppm of chlorine solution for 1 min and an additional 1, 3, or 5 minutes (WCT) or removed from the chlorine solution and held for 1, …

The Effect Of Fallow Season Cover Crops On Nutrient Cycling And Soil Health In Row Crop Production In The Mid-South, Kritsanee Iamjud

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The reliance on conventional cropping has profoundly impacted agricultural sustainability and resulted in soil degradation. Winter cover crops can preserve the soil surface, recycle soil nutrients, and improve soil health. Hence, the role of cover crops in Louisiana row-crop production was examined in small-scale plots and large-scale on-farm studies at three sites in Northeast Louisiana from 2017 to 2020. Additionally, mixed cover crops degradation and nutrient release were evaluated at Macon Ridge and Dean Lee sites to determine the optimum time of nutrient availability after cover crop termination. The small-scale results showed that integrating cover crops for corn (Zea …

Antioxidant Properties Of Pecan Shell Bioactive Components Of Different Cultivars And Extraction Methods, Cameron Cason, Veerachandra K. Yemmireddy, Juan Moreira, Achyut Adhikari

Faculty Publications

Pecan shells are a rich source of various bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This study investigated the effect of pecan variety and method extraction on the antioxidant property of shell extracts. Twenty different varieties of pecan shells were subjected to either aqueous or ethanolic extraction and were examined for total phenolics and antiradical activity. The phenolic content and antiradical activity of shell extracts were significantly (p < 0.05) varied with different pecan cultivars. The total phenolic content of ethanol extracts ranged from 304.2 (Caddo) to 153.54 (Cherokee) mg GAE/g of dry extract and was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than those obtained by aqueous extraction. The antiradical activity of ethanol extracts ranged from 840.6 (Maramec) to 526.74 (Caper Fear) mg TEg-1, while aqueous extracts ranged from 934.9 (Curtis) to 468.3 (Elliot) mg TEg-1. Chemical profiling of the crude and acid hydrolyzed extracts was performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and flow injection electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Lignin degradation products such as lignols, dilignols, trilignols, and oligolignols were found to be the major components of tested extracts. Phenolic content and antiradical activity of pecan shell extracts are significantly varied with cultivars and methods of extraction.

Food Processing, Dysbiosis, Gastrointestinal Inflammatory Diseases, And Antiangiogenic Functional Foods Or Beverages, Jack N. Losso

Faculty Publications

Foods and beverages provide nutrients and alter the gut microbiota, resulting in eubiosis or dysbiosis. Chronic consumption of a diet that is high in saturated or trans fats, meat proteins, reducing sugars, and salt and low in fiber induces dysbiosis. Dysbiosis, loss of redox homeostasis, mast cells, hypoxia, angiogenesis, the kynurenine pathway, transglutaminase 2, and/or the Janus kinase pathway are implicated in the pathogenesis and development of inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and gastrointestinal malignancy. This review discusses the effects of oxidative, carbonyl, or glycative stress-inducing dietary ingredients or food processing-derived compounds on gut microbiota and gastrointestinal epithelial and mast …