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Whose Input Counts And Which Paradigm Prevails?: A Content Analysis Of Mass-Mediated Debate On U.S.-China Relations In 1990'S And A Policy Critique On Republican Virtue Of The Policy Tradeoff, Xiaowei Chen
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation examines the public opinion-public policy nexus with regard to the making of U.S.-China policy during the Clinton administration (1992-2000). The researcher investigates how the mass media discourse on U.S.-China relations relates to the policy tradeoff between economic interdependence and confrontation on human rights. Particularly, the quantitative study of the media discourse is placed within a Communitarian perspective to determine: (1) whether the policy tradeoff can claim to have the support of public opinion; (2) whether the media discourse originated from the active civic participation; and (3) how the policy tradeoff broke its promise. As a result, the researcher …
An Adaptive Multi-Scale Computational Method For Modeling Nonlinear Deformation In Nanoscale Materials, Wenming Wang
An Adaptive Multi-Scale Computational Method For Modeling Nonlinear Deformation In Nanoscale Materials, Wenming Wang
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
In this dissertation a coupled multi-scale computational model for simulating nonlinear deformation processes in crystalline metals at finite temperatures is developed. The computational model uses the finite element method to model the coarse scale response of the material. The constitutive response in the finite element will be modeled through interatomic potentials acting on the underlying homogeneous crystal lattice that characterizes its nanostructure. An adaptive remeshing technique is proposed to automatically delineate regions of severe deformation where homogeneity of the microstructure/deformation is violated. In these regions the finite element will be replaced by a set of deformed atoms which interact with …
The Impact Of Masking Of Persuasive Intent On Persuasive Message Effectiveness, Christina Simmers Rodrigue
The Impact Of Masking Of Persuasive Intent On Persuasive Message Effectiveness, Christina Simmers Rodrigue
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The decreased dependency of marketing managers on traditional message forms (i.e., commercials) has increased the use of nontraditional message forms (i.e., product placement) in marketing communication. These newer message forms are unique because their persuasive intent is concealed by the presentation method and, therefore, may be processed differently than the traditional message forms. Consequently, this paper examines three major issues that arise out of the integration of nontraditional message forms into marketing communication, including (1) incorporating nontraditional message forms into the traditional persuasion literature, (2) introducing a new persuasion element (termed masking of persuasive intent) and its role in the …
Vitrification And Dehydration For The Preservation Of Gametes, Allison E. Moisan
Vitrification And Dehydration For The Preservation Of Gametes, Allison E. Moisan
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Of the 36 species of felines in the world, all except the domestic cat are listed as endangered or threatened. To preserve the genetic diversity of felines and other species, genome resource banks have been established. Due to limited availability of germ cells for research, studies must use models to optimize the techniques before they are applied to endangered species. In this study, preservation of oocytes and spermatozoa was examined using the bovine as a model for felines. In the first series of experiments, bovine and feline oocytes were dehydrated, vitrified, warmed and cultured to assess their ability to undergo …
The Role Of Technology In The Interactions Between Secondary School Library Media Specialists And Teachers, Shirley Benson Mcdonald
The Role Of Technology In The Interactions Between Secondary School Library Media Specialists And Teachers, Shirley Benson Mcdonald
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Statewide studies of school library media centers in at least sixteen states (other than Louisiana) indicate that effective school library media center programs have a positive impact on student achievement. According to these studies, effective school library media centers have: (a) a qualified library media specialist, (b) adequate support staff, (c) current and large collections, (d) access to information technology that is integrated into the curriculum, and (e) time for collaboration with the faculty. This study was developed to explore the role of technology in the collaborations between school library media specialists and teachers. Data revealed that interactions between school …
Applying Intellectual Development Theory To College Student Drinking, Linda Marie Regira
Applying Intellectual Development Theory To College Student Drinking, Linda Marie Regira
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
This study evaluates the presence of a relationship between a student’s level of Intellectual Development, as measured by Moore’s Learning Environment Preferences (LEP) test, and harmful drinking behavior in college students. An online survey instrument was sent to a random sample of 3,000 undergraduate students at a large public research-intensive four-year college in the South via student email accounts. The survey instrument included items about student drinking behavior, perception of peer student drinking behavior, and the Learning Environment Preferences Test. The results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship (inverse) between intellectual development and binge drinking behavior, after controlling …
How Principal Participation In An Online Community Of Practice Impacts The Professional Development Experience Of Middle School Teachers, Cynthia Beatty Vavasseur
How Principal Participation In An Online Community Of Practice Impacts The Professional Development Experience Of Middle School Teachers, Cynthia Beatty Vavasseur
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
This study provided insights about incorporating an online community of practice into a professional development program designed to facilitate the instructional implementation of technology. Two middle schools in a southern state served as a comparative case study where this model of professional development was implemented. The primary goal of this research was to gain understanding of how principals interact with teachers and the roles principals assume during these interactions. A second goal was to determine how teachers perceived principal participation and how their levels of competence and efficacy were influenced by this experience. During four weeks of implementation principals participated …
Investigating The Influence Of Anti-Racist Education In Achieving Prejudice Reduction Among Secondary Education Students, Joseph Edward Wilson
Investigating The Influence Of Anti-Racist Education In Achieving Prejudice Reduction Among Secondary Education Students, Joseph Edward Wilson
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation investigates the influence of participation in an anti-racist educational (ARE) program upon the perceptions of, critical assessments of, and self-reported behaviors toward institutional racism in a sample of 11th-grade students enrolled in a public school district that had recently undergone compulsory, court-ordered desegregation. This quasi-experimental study measured hypothesized differences between the scores of a group of high school students on a quantitative data-gathering instrument before their participation in an Undoing Racism curriculum, with their scores on that same instrument re-administered three months after their completion of that course. It then compared the degree of pre-intervention/ post-intervention changes in …
The Intersection Of News Frames: Examining The Top Two Health Problems In The United States, Lesa D'Anne Hatley
The Intersection Of News Frames: Examining The Top Two Health Problems In The United States, Lesa D'Anne Hatley
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
This research tests the public health model of reporting to discover if changing the way newspaper stories frame the top two health concerns in the United States – cancer and obesity – affects readers’ view of the problem. Using an experimental design, this study manipulated the context of newspaper stories about cancer and obesity. Applying thematic (broader context) and episodic (individual or event) framing concepts and gains (emphasizes benefits – e.g. lives saved) and losses (emphasizes costs – lives lost), this research revealed how the differences in framing affect public opinion about cancer and obesity. This research expands framing theory …
The Crystal Structure Of A Dna-Binding Protein, Hucr, From Deinococcus Radiodurans R1: A Member Of The Marr Family Of Winged-Helix Transcriptional Regulators, Hansen Bordelon
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The MarR family of transcriptional regulators is an important group of prokaryotic DNA binding proteins. As the family name implies, multiple antibiotic resistance, members of the MarR family often regulate the expression of resistance genes to multiple antibiotics, organic solvents, household disinfectants, detergents, and oxidative stress agents. Most MarR members act as transcriptional repressors and exist as homodimers in both free and DNA-bound states. DNA-binding is mediated via a winged-helix fold and is often relieved by anionic lipophilic ligands. Deinococcus radiodurans R1 was found to encode a 181 residue MarR homolog designated HucR (hypothetical uricase regulator). Biochemical evidence has shown …
Intercarrier Interference Suppression For The Ofdm Systems In Time-Varying Multipath Fading Channels, Xiaozhou Huang
Intercarrier Interference Suppression For The Ofdm Systems In Time-Varying Multipath Fading Channels, Xiaozhou Huang
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Due to its spectral efficiency and robustness over the multipath channels, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has served as one of the major modulation schemes for the modern communication systems. In the future, the wireless OFDM systems are expected to operate at high carrier-frequencies, high speed and high throughput mobile reception, where the fasting time-varying fading channels are encountered. The channel variation destroys the orthogonality among the subcarriers and leads to the intercarrier interference (ICI). ICI poses a significant limitation to the wireless OFDM systems. The aim of this dissertation is to find an efficient method of providing reliable communication …
Evaluation Of A Plasmid Delivery System For Production Of Gnrh And Ghrh In The Horse And Goat, William Andrew Storer
Evaluation Of A Plasmid Delivery System For Production Of Gnrh And Ghrh In The Horse And Goat, William Andrew Storer
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The efficacy of a novel plasmid delivery system was assessed for long-term expression of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) in horses and goats. The efficacy of the technology was demonstrated using 3 novel plasmids: pSEAP [expressing secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP)], pGHRH (expressing GHRH), and pGnRH (expressing GnRH). Geldings were electroporated with a reporter plasmid expressing SEAP in 3 muscle sites. Expression of SEAP, measured from jugular plasma samples, indicated muscle specificity for uptake and expression of the plasmid. Concentrations of SEAP were greatest (P < 0.05) after pectoralis injection, which was chosen as the site for electroporation in subsequent studies. In a second experiment, stallions were electroporated with pGHRH or pSEAP to evaluate the effect of long-term GHRH treatment on the growth hormone (GH) axis and testicular function. Stallions treated with pGHRH had increased (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of IGF-I, increased (P < 0.05) volume of accessory sex gland fluid, and increased (P < 0.05) number of normal spermatozoa in the ejaculate relative to controls. In the third experiment, stallions were electroporated with pGnRH or pSEAP to test the effects of GnRH on the reproductive axis. Treatment with pGnRH increased (P < 0.05) plasma testosterone concentrations to d 56 and increased (P < 0.01) the LH response to GnRH on d 21, but did not alter (P > 0.1) seminal characteristics evaluated after 36 d of treatment. In …
Design And Evaluation Of Automated, Continuous Culture Techniques For Brachionus Rotundiformis, Zhengzhong Zhang
Design And Evaluation Of Automated, Continuous Culture Techniques For Brachionus Rotundiformis, Zhengzhong Zhang
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
A 40-L recirculating rotifer turbidostat (RRT) pilot system consisting of a rotifer reactor, biofilter, foam fractionator, feed container, harvester, and two air-lift pumps was designed to produce B. rotundiformis, a small (S-type) rotifer, that is increasingly demanded for production of small-gape marine finfish larvae. The system’s automatic monitoring (turbidity, pH, conductivity and temperature) and controlling (turbidity, pH, feeding and harvesting) were performed by a Rugid™ computer. A 4 (temperature) x 3 (salinity) study indicated that a 30oC/15 ppt treatment is the most favorable to the growth of B. rotundiformis. Under these conditions, the effect of harvest rate on rotifer system …
Generation "X" Professional Women Leaving The Workforce To Become Full-Time, Stay-At-Home Mothers: A Qualitative Analysis Of Motivation, Meaning, And Mindful Parenting, Monisa Shackelford
Generation "X" Professional Women Leaving The Workforce To Become Full-Time, Stay-At-Home Mothers: A Qualitative Analysis Of Motivation, Meaning, And Mindful Parenting, Monisa Shackelford
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Using qualitative data gathering and analysis, the current trend of professional women leaving workforce to rear their children full-time is examined. Women in the second generation to enter the labor force in large numbers indicate that there are factors that push them out of the workforce, such as a non-family friendly workplace, and factors that pull them back home, such as a profound need to rear their own children. While the transition from professional to stay-at-home mother is a complex process, the women in this study deal with this identity shift, and its attendant resistance, by framing their change in …
The Meaning Of Masculinity For Male Baccalaureate Nursing Program Graduates, Kenneth Tillman
The Meaning Of Masculinity For Male Baccalaureate Nursing Program Graduates, Kenneth Tillman
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Previous researchers have reported that societal definitions of masculinity may act as a barrier to men entering the nursing profession, and that men who do enter nursing may hold a different view of masculinity. The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of masculinity for recent male baccalaureate nursing program graduates. In addition, the study explored how the participants’ perceived meaning of masculinity shaped or influenced their nursing education experiences, and in turn how their nursing education experiences may have shaped or influenced their perceived meaning of masculinity. A phenomenological research design was used to study eight male …
Mimo-Ofdm Communication Systems: Channel Estimation And Wireless Location, Zhongshan Wu
Mimo-Ofdm Communication Systems: Channel Estimation And Wireless Location, Zhongshan Wu
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
In this new information age, high data rate and strong reliability features our wireless communication systems and is becoming the dominant factor for a successful deployment of commercial networks. MIMO-OFDM (multiple input multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing), a new wireless broadband technology, has gained great popularity for its capability of high rate transmission and its robustness against multi-path fading and other channel impairments. A major challenge to MIMO-OFDM systems is how to obtain the channel state information accurately and promptly for coherent detection of information symbols and channel synchronization. In the first part, this dissertation formulates the channel estimation problem …
Interior Revolutions: Doing Domesticity, Advocating Feminism In Contemporary American Fiction, Kalene Westmoreland
Interior Revolutions: Doing Domesticity, Advocating Feminism In Contemporary American Fiction, Kalene Westmoreland
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Domesticity has endured as a facet of everyday life in the late twentieth century and beyond, despite cultural acceptance of feminist beliefs and ideals which encourage women’s movement away from the private sphere of the home. A tumultuous and remarkable cultural transformation has marked the four decades since the publication of Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique, a key text of early second-wave feminism. Equality and choice seem viable and attainable, yet many women today feel overwhelmed by responsibilities and the pressure to live up to the idealization of motherhood. Domesticity can be used as a tool of oppression, against which …
The Epidemiology Of West Nile Virus In Louisiana, Karen Ruth Gruszynski
The Epidemiology Of West Nile Virus In Louisiana, Karen Ruth Gruszynski
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the genus Flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes, first appeared in the New York in 1999. Within five years WNV was detected throughout the contiguous 48 states causing disease in reservoirs and accidental hosts alike. In Louisiana, WNV was first detected in 2001 with one human case, ten equine cases, and six dead birds reported. The introduction of WNV into Louisiana presented an unique opportunity to observe an emerging disease unfold, so a study was launched to gain insight into the epidemiology of WNV in Louisiana. The first component, an environmental predictive model for West …
Association Genetics For Agronomic Traits In Rice And Cloning Of Als Herbicide Resistant Genes From Coreopsis Tinctoria Nutt, Nengyi Zhang
Association Genetics For Agronomic Traits In Rice And Cloning Of Als Herbicide Resistant Genes From Coreopsis Tinctoria Nutt, Nengyi Zhang
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
We have evaluated the potential of discriminant analysis (DA) to detect candidate markers associated with twelve economically important traits in a large population of unrelated U.S. and Asian inbred lines of rice. Associated marker alleles detected by DA mapped within the same genetic intervals when compared with previous traditional QTL mapping experiments that evaluated progeny derived from various controlled crosses. New markers identified by DA suggest that the procedure can also uncover relevant genetic regions not possible by standard genetic tests. With the same dataset, we also compared different modern regression approaches for selecting molecular markers associated with the twelve …
Synthesis, Crystal Growth, Magnetic And Transport Properties Of Ln-M-X (Ln=Lanthanide, M=Transition Metal, X=In, Ga) Compounds, Willa Maria Williams
Synthesis, Crystal Growth, Magnetic And Transport Properties Of Ln-M-X (Ln=Lanthanide, M=Transition Metal, X=In, Ga) Compounds, Willa Maria Williams
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
ABSTRACT This dissertation focuses on the structural stability, magnetic and transport properties of ternary lanthanide compounds grown using indium and gallium flux. Single crystals of TbRhIn5 were synthesized using indium flux. TbRhIn5 is isostructural to the well known LnnMIn3n+2 (n = 1, 2, ∞; Ln = La, Ce; M = Rh, Ir) and adopts the HoCoGa5 structure type and crystallizes in the space group P4/mmm, Z = 1. Lattice parameters are a = 4.6000(6) Å and c = 7.4370(11) Å, V = 157.29(6) Å3. A sharp antiferromagnetic transition is observed at TN = 48 K for TbRhIn5. Single crystals of …
Rethinking Representations Of Slave Life A Historical Plantation Museums: Towards A Commemorative Museum Pedagogy, Julia Anne Rose
Rethinking Representations Of Slave Life A Historical Plantation Museums: Towards A Commemorative Museum Pedagogy, Julia Anne Rose
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Historical plantation museums have been criticized for biased interpretation practices that marginalize the historical presence of enslaved African Americans. This is a curriculum question that is relevant to historical museums that are wrestling with impacting social change and developing equitable practices to serve increasingly broad and diverse audiences. I conducted an action research study with five museum workers at Magnolia Mound Plantation (MMP) in south Louisiana to better understand the limits and possibilities of expanding slave life representations at this museum. I implemented the study using action research and archival research. Action research involved ethnographic methodologies including tour observations, interviews, …
Heroic Individualism: The Hero As Author In Democratic Culture, Alan I. Baily
Heroic Individualism: The Hero As Author In Democratic Culture, Alan I. Baily
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
My study focuses on the literature of democratic morality, with specific reference to the question of "heroic individualism." I attempt to elucidate the notion of heroic individualism by examining three modern democratic moralists whose work occupies the space between politics and literature: Jean Jacques Rousseau, Thomas Carlyle and Friedrich Nietzsche. In brief, I conclude that the central aspiration of heroic individualism is to bridge the gap between writing and action, the Text and the Voice. The dialogue among Rousseau, Carlyle, and Nietzsche reveals that the problem of writing as action is central to heroic-individualist morality. Each of these authors demonstrates …
Monoclonal And Phage-Displayed Antibodies As Lipopolysaccharide Serotyping Reagents And Their Use In Typing Colony Variants Of Vibrio Vulnificus, Randall M. Schulz
Monoclonal And Phage-Displayed Antibodies As Lipopolysaccharide Serotyping Reagents And Their Use In Typing Colony Variants Of Vibrio Vulnificus, Randall M. Schulz
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative organism that is found in estuarine environments. The bacterium is capable of causing gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia, often resulting in death for susceptible individuals. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to five lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-serovars have previously been used as a serotyping system in epidemiological studies. Here is the first report of two additional MAbs capable of recognizing two new LPS serovars (O6 and O7), further increasing the number of V. vulnificus that can be typed. Analysis of V. vulnificus isolates from the United States, Europe, and Asia demonstrated that the O1/O5 serovar is dominate in clinical …
Green Theatre: Proto-Environmental Drama And The Performance Of Ecological Values In Contemporary Western Theatre, Kurt Gerard Heinlein
Green Theatre: Proto-Environmental Drama And The Performance Of Ecological Values In Contemporary Western Theatre, Kurt Gerard Heinlein
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The aim of this study is to illustrate the purpose and potential of theatre that promotes a proto-environmental agenda, or Green Theatre, in re-orienting Western behavior and mores in a direction that creates positive socio-environmental change. In correlation, this dissertation will examine the objectives and performance modes of several educational and professional theatre entities that house a distinctly unique Green agenda. The primary performances featured will include Peter Schumann’s Bread and Puppet Theatre, Blue Man Group’s Tubes, performances by Koko the signing lowland gorilla, and Playmakers of Baton Rouge’s production of Habitat Cats.
Louisiana Cotton, Rice, Soybean And Sugarcane Farmer Stakeholders: Who Are They And What Are Their Perceptions Of Farming Practices As Related To The Environment, Robert James Soileau
Louisiana Cotton, Rice, Soybean And Sugarcane Farmer Stakeholders: Who Are They And What Are Their Perceptions Of Farming Practices As Related To The Environment, Robert James Soileau
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
This study identified the stakeholders of Louisiana plant commodity farmers and rated them in terms of importance. Findings of this study show that farmers/ranchers, LSU AgCenter Experiment Station Research personnel, family, consumers, farm labor and agriculture chemical, fertilizer and seed dealers are the most important stakeholders. The second aspect of this study was to discover the stakeholder perceptions of agricultural practices and their relationship to the environment. An environmental perceptions survey was conducted with two of the most important stakeholder groups identified – Experiment Station Research Faculty associated with plant commodities and Louisiana consumers. LSU AgCenter Experiment Station Research Faculty …
Communicating The Modern Entrepreneurial University In The 21st Century: A Case Study Of Academic Capitalism And Media Messaging In The Pursuit Of Revenues And National Prominence At Louisiana State University, Charles F. Zewe
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
American public universities have passed through three stages of development: the religious, the philanthropic/land-grant, and the federal research university. Squeezed by government budget cuts and demands for more money to pay for research and faculty raises, U.S. higher education has entered a fourth phase, the entrepreneurial university. Public universities are increasingly capitalizing on the intellectual property of their faculty and students to sustain themselves and expand. Administrators spout free-market rhetoric as faculty attempt to commercialize research by creating spin-off companies. Using Louisiana State University as a case study, this dissertation, applies a combination of organizational knowledge creation and resource dependence …
The Effectiveness Of Virtual Facilitation In Supporting Gdss Appropriation And Structured Group Decision Making, Harold Joseph Lagroue
The Effectiveness Of Virtual Facilitation In Supporting Gdss Appropriation And Structured Group Decision Making, Harold Joseph Lagroue
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Since their introduction a quarter of a century ago, group decision support systems (GDSS) have evolved from applications designed primarily to support decision making for groups in face-to-face settings, to their growing use for “web conferencing,” online collaboration, and distributed group decision-making. Indeed, it is only recently that such groupware applications for conducting face-to-face, as well as “virtual meetings” among dispersed workgroups have achieved mainstream status, as evidenced by Microsoft’s ubiquitous advertising campaign promoting its “Live Meeting” electronic meeting systems (EMS) software. As these applications become more widely adopted, issues relating to their effective utilization are becoming increasingly relevant. This …
Say It Loud! I'M Black And I'M Proud!: A Study Of Successful Black Female Students Educated In An Urban Middle School, Menthia P. Clark
Say It Loud! I'M Black And I'M Proud!: A Study Of Successful Black Female Students Educated In An Urban Middle School, Menthia P. Clark
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
"Acting White" (Fordham & Ogbu, 1986) is a common term among researchers who study academic achievement and racial identity among minority students which signifies the tension some academically successful minority students experience as they excel in school. Black students who contend with such tension may be teased, alienated, or rejected by their peers who view academic achievement as characteristic of White people. In order to avoid the accusation of "acting White," many Black students underachieve, conceal their academic talents, or make no efforts to pursue academic goals. For Black female high-achieving students, "acting White" is laden with gender-specific strategies of …
The Influence Of Tobacco Merchant Education And Enforcement Activities On The Rate Of Tobacco Use Among Youth In Louisiana, Leslie Hope Brougham
The Influence Of Tobacco Merchant Education And Enforcement Activities On The Rate Of Tobacco Use Among Youth In Louisiana, Leslie Hope Brougham
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The purpose of this study is two-fold: 1) to determine whether a relationship exists between the self-reported tobacco use by secondary students in Louisiana and the tobacco sale rate to persons under the age of 18 in those parishes; and 2) to investigate the relationship between merchant education in a parish and the parish tobacco sale rate to persons under the age of 18 in those parishes. Multiple data sources were utilized to include tobacco use among secondary students, education provided to merchants, and tobacco sales to minors compliance checks. Aggregated parish data for each of the data sources were …
Suicide And Community Traumatic Events: Is There A Connection?, Regina T. Praetorius
Suicide And Community Traumatic Events: Is There A Connection?, Regina T. Praetorius
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between community traumatic events (CTEs) such as the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and the temporal distribution of suicide in a metropolitan Louisiana parish (county) in the Southern United States over the period of January 1, 1994 to December 31, 2004. The researcher used data on suicides (homicides and accidental deaths were used for comparison) in the selected parish to describe the distribution of suicides over the 11 year period. A procedure was developed for identifying and categorizing CTEs sustained by the selected parish (county). A spectral analysis …