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Investigating The Role Of Genetic Variation In Long Run Economic Outcomes, Charles Justin Cook Jan 2012

Investigating The Role Of Genetic Variation In Long Run Economic Outcomes, Charles Justin Cook

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation empirically tests whether adaptations resulting from the Neolithic Revolution, or the widespread adoption of sedentary agriculture for sustenance, have led to economic differences. The development of sedentary agriculture constituted an environmen- tal shift from the previous sustenance method of hunting and gathering. This environmental shift resulted in the natural selection of certain traits. I seek to exploit differences in these traits to measure differing economic outcomes. Two main adaptations are considered in this work: the ability to consume milk, or lactose tolerance, and resistance to infectious Eurasian diseases, which is the result of genetic variation. The first essay …

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Essential Role Of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 In Gram-Negative Bacterial Pneumonia, Gayathriy Balamayooran Jan 2012

Essential Role Of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 In Gram-Negative Bacterial Pneumonia, Gayathriy Balamayooran

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Acute gram-negative bacterial infections are a leading cause of mortality among the nosocomial infections. Increasing numbers of immunosuppressed individuals and growing numbers of antibiotic resistant strains make antibiotic treatment difficult. Neutrophils are the first cells recruited to the site of infection and are critical players in the host defense against gram-negative bacterial pneumonia. Therefore, identification of targets that boost neutrophil-associated host defense in the lung is essential in designing better therapies to control pulmonary infections. Production of chemokines is an important step for neutrophil recruitment. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemokine that is important for monocyte and T-lymphocyte influx. …

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Investigations Into The Role Of Natural Organic Matter As An Interface Between Aquatic Organisms And Environmental Pollutants, Caroline Lillian Schneider Jan 2012

Investigations Into The Role Of Natural Organic Matter As An Interface Between Aquatic Organisms And Environmental Pollutants, Caroline Lillian Schneider

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The impact of the continuous pollution of freshwater environments by multiple pollutants has not been well-studied. The goal of this research was to evaluate the toxicity of several modern pollutants in a model environment. The prokaryotic, unicellular blue-green algae Synechocystis WT6803 and the eukaryotic, multicellular Utterbackia imbecillis mussel larvae were studied along with Suwannee River natural organic matter (NOM). The toxicity response of the blue-green algae Synechocystis sp. was measured through changes in growth rates. The inorganic pollutant silver nanoparticles (0.044 μM) were toxic. Gold nanoparticles did not affect the growth rate. The addition of 15 mg/L NOM partially inhibited …

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Canning Foods And Selling Modernity: The Canned Food Industry And Consumer Culture, 1898-1945, Kristi Renee Whitfield Jan 2012

Canning Foods And Selling Modernity: The Canned Food Industry And Consumer Culture, 1898-1945, Kristi Renee Whitfield

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

At the turn of the twentieth century, Americans feared commercially canned foods. From the Spanish American War until well into the 1920’s, canned foods received a barrage of media attacks and accusations of unhealthiness, lack of cleanliness, and a lack of transparency and regulation in processing. Moreover, as gastrointestinal distress was quite prevalent among American society, many Americans feared that it was commercial foods that were making them sick. By the time Americans were coming home from World War II, the climate of opinion concerning commercially canned foods had changed, and this was in large part due to the unyielding …

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Defense Gland Protein From Coptotermes Formosanus, Ioan-Horia Negulescu Jan 2012

Defense Gland Protein From Coptotermes Formosanus, Ioan-Horia Negulescu

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki is the most invasive termite species and has the largest economic impact of all the subterranean termites in the US. Although a lot of work has been done on the determination of chemical composition of frontal gland secretion from different families of termites, the protein component of those secretions was relatively overlooked. This study started with the observation that proteins are present in the frontal gland secretion of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki soldiers. The goal was to characterize one of these proteins by identifying its DNA sequence which would lead to protein sequence, function, structure and role it …

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Insights Into The Catalytic Mechanisms Of The Protein Enzymes, Pfkfb3 And Vlde, Using X-Ray Crystallography, Michael Christopher Cavalier Jan 2012

Insights Into The Catalytic Mechanisms Of The Protein Enzymes, Pfkfb3 And Vlde, Using X-Ray Crystallography, Michael Christopher Cavalier

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This work describes the crystallographic studies of two enzymes and provides mechanistic insights into their respective catalytic processes. The first study investigates the molecular basis of the fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase reaction of the inducible isoform of the bifunctional enzyme, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB3). The bifunctional enzyme is solely responsible for the cellular concentration of a regulator of glucose metabolism, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. PFKB3 was investigated using the crystal structures of the enzyme in a phospho-enzyme intermediate state (PFKFB3-P•F-6-P), in a transition state-analogous complex (PFKFB3•AlF4), and in a complex with pyrophosphate (PFKFB3•PPi). With these structures, the structures of the Michaelis complex and the transition state were extrapolated. …

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Design And Analysis Of Cloaked Fluorophores For Rapid Detection And Visualization Of Cancer Cells Containing Nad(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase-1, William Silvers Jan 2012

Design And Analysis Of Cloaked Fluorophores For Rapid Detection And Visualization Of Cancer Cells Containing Nad(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase-1, William Silvers

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The development of fluorogenic substrates for real-time tumor cell detection has led to a vastly expanding field for personal oncology. Fluorophores have been studied as appendages to larger scaffolds leading to accumulation of these dyes in tumor cells or their surrounding environment, taking advantage of tumor anatomy. A new class of fluorophores has been developed in which the dye is an active participant in the mechanism of cancer cell detection. These dyes have been conjugated such that their fluorescence has been eliminated or altered and will undergo a change to reveal their fluorescent signal upon activation by a mechanism that …

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Food Cravings And Food Cue Responding Across The Menstrual Cycle, Megan Apperson Mcvay Jan 2012

Food Cravings And Food Cue Responding Across The Menstrual Cycle, Megan Apperson Mcvay

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Food cravings have been linked to obesity and eating disorders. Women report craving food more than men, and women experience greater rates of obesity and eating disorders. Retrospective and quasi-prospective studies have suggested that food cravings may be more common during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Unfortunately, these studies have been limited by the use of poorly defined menstrual cycle phases, disregard for individual differences in menstrual cycle length, and absence of validated measures of cravings. The current study examined the effects of menstrual cycle phase on 1) cravings in response to a high fat/high sugar chocolate candy …

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Development Of Cost-Effective And Benign Lipid Extraction System For Microalgae, Javed Iqbal Jan 2012

Development Of Cost-Effective And Benign Lipid Extraction System For Microalgae, Javed Iqbal

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

A laboratory-made continuous flow lipid extraction system (CFLES) was devised to extract lipids from microalgae Nannochloropsis sp., a potential feedstock for biodiesel fuel, with a focus to assess the workable temperatures and pressures for possible scale-up applications. Using conventional solvents, the CFLES recovered 100% of the lipids recovered with conventional Soxhlet extraction (USEPA method 3540) at moderate 50 psi pressure and 100°C temperature; conditions significantly lower than those normally used in pressurized liquid extractions requiring specialized equipment. Approximately 87% of the extracted oil was successfully transesterified into biodiesel fuel. For exploring the solvent potential of biodiesel, CFLES was also tested …

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Korean Parents' Attitudes, Motivations, And Home Literacy Practices Toward Bilingualism Between Korean And English In Korea, Byunghyun Jang Jan 2012

Korean Parents' Attitudes, Motivations, And Home Literacy Practices Toward Bilingualism Between Korean And English In Korea, Byunghyun Jang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of the study is to examine Korean parents’ attitudes, motivations, and home literacy practices toward their children’s participation in bilingualism in Korean and English in Korea. The success of foreign language learning is influenced by positive attitudes and the level of motivation regarding the target language. Language learners’ attitudes and motivations toward a target language are closely related to their development of language proficiency, and children are often strongly influenced by their parents. The present study was conducted by the survey that was comprised of four-part Likert-type statements. The participants consisted of parents who have children enrolled in …

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Comparison Of Epididymal And Ejaculated Sperm Collected From The Same Holstein Bulls, Michael A. Stout Jan 2012

Comparison Of Epididymal And Ejaculated Sperm Collected From The Same Holstein Bulls, Michael A. Stout

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Salvaging of epididymal sperm from injured or deceased animals allows for the propagation of favorable traits from endangered or genetically superior males. Techniques developed in domestic species can also serve as the foundation for the collection, cryopreservation and utilization of epididymal sperm in exotic breeds. The need to preserve and utilize epididymal sperm, in the most efficient manner, is of the utmost importance. In a series of experiments, ejaculated and epididymal sperm from the same four mature, fertile, Holstein bulls were collected, cryopreserved, cultured and used for in vitro fertilization. In Experiment I, epididymal sperm was found to have higher …

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Anatomical Studies Of Canine Vascular And Ligamentous Ear Structures With Revelance To Acute-Onset Deafness, Cathryn Kay Stevens-Sparks Jan 2012

Anatomical Studies Of Canine Vascular And Ligamentous Ear Structures With Revelance To Acute-Onset Deafness, Cathryn Kay Stevens-Sparks

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Hearing loss in dogs and cats following dental or ear procedures performed under anesthesia has recently been reported. The most likely causes for this acute-onset deafness were considered to be mechanical or vascular. Jaw manipulation as a possible cause of acute-onset deafness in the dog was investigated in the current study. Structures adjacent to the temporomandibular joint were of interest because changes in jaw orientation could disrupt vessels and nerves in this area. Current descriptions of the anatomy of the vasculature supplying the canine ear are either incomplete or inconsistent. Another considered cause was a jaw-ear connection via a ligamentous …

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Equipped To Serve Our Youth: A Phenomenological Study Of 4-H Extension Youth Educators' Perceptions Of The Value Of Mentoring, Allison Ann Bruchhaus Jan 2012

Equipped To Serve Our Youth: A Phenomenological Study Of 4-H Extension Youth Educators' Perceptions Of The Value Of Mentoring, Allison Ann Bruchhaus

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Challenging economic times and increasingly complex social contexts intensify the demand for organizations to focus on areas of human resource development that positively contribute to developmental relationships of employees. One such method is the implementation of a formal mentoring program. Mentoring is especially important for 4-H youth educators. Youth educators are usually specialized in program development among other areas and plan, implement, and evaluate programs with the intent of bettering the quality of life for youth. The dynamics of working with today’s youth mandate effective professional development and developmental relationships for career enhancement. This study was developed for the researcher …

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Direction Of Mistuning, Magnitude Of Cent Deviation, And Timbre As Factors In Musicians' Pitch Discrimination In Simultaneous And Sequential Listening Conditions, Norman Alan Clark Jan 2012

Direction Of Mistuning, Magnitude Of Cent Deviation, And Timbre As Factors In Musicians' Pitch Discrimination In Simultaneous And Sequential Listening Conditions, Norman Alan Clark

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The main purpose of this study was to investigate high school and college wind instrumentalists’ pitch discrimination when judging pitch pairs separated by 0, 5, 7.5, and 10 cents. Participants listened via headphones to a pre-recorded two section perception test; each section (one sequential and one simultaneous) containing 56 tone pairs. Each pair consisted of an in-tune reference tone followed by a test tone of the same pitch (B-flat4 or E4), which was either identical in tuning or altered to one of six mistunings. Tones also varied in timbre (square or sawtooth wave) with the reference and test tones being …

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Syntheses And Characterization Of Water-Soluble Phythalocyanines For Diagnosis And Treatment Of Cancer, Benson Getenga Ongarora Jan 2012

Syntheses And Characterization Of Water-Soluble Phythalocyanines For Diagnosis And Treatment Of Cancer, Benson Getenga Ongarora

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Ongarora, Benson Getenga, B.S., Moi University, 2005 Doctor of Philosophy, Fall Commencement, 2012 Major: Chemistry Syntheses and Characterization of Water-Soluble Phthalocyanines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer Dissertation directed by Professor M.Graҫa H. Vicente Pages in dissertation, xi. Words in abstract, 251. ABSTRACT Chapter 1 describes the general properties of phthalocyanines, synthesis of metallo-phthalocyanines, their photophysical features and their uses. The concepts of PDT and targeted therapeutics are also introduced. Chapter 2 describes the syntheses, characterization, photophysical studies and biological evaluation of cationic phthalocyanines. The trimethylaminophenoxy substituted phthalocyanines were synthesized through statistical condensation method, which gave a statistical mixture of …

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An Investigation Into Urban Elementary Teachers' Educational Beliefs In Regards To Teaching Writing: Comparing Experiences And Self-Reported Beliefs To Teacher Practices, Shalanda Stanley Jan 2012

An Investigation Into Urban Elementary Teachers' Educational Beliefs In Regards To Teaching Writing: Comparing Experiences And Self-Reported Beliefs To Teacher Practices, Shalanda Stanley

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This six week study investigated six urban elementary teachers’ educational beliefs in regards to teaching writing, comparing their personal histories as writers with their self-reported beliefs on writing and teaching writing, with that of their teacher practices. A further analysis examined how closely aligned their teacher practices were to research-validated practices. During this ethnographic case study, three questions were explored. These questions were: (a) How do teachers’ personal histories with writing inform their beliefs regarding writing in general, as well as their beliefs on teaching writing?, (b) How do teachers’ educational beliefs in regards to teaching writing inform their instructional …

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Invasion Of Smooth Brome Into North American Tall-Grass Prairies: Impact On Native Plant/Herbivore Species And Mechanisms Responsible For Successful Invasion, Forrest Paul Dillemuth Jan 2012

Invasion Of Smooth Brome Into North American Tall-Grass Prairies: Impact On Native Plant/Herbivore Species And Mechanisms Responsible For Successful Invasion, Forrest Paul Dillemuth

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Research in invasion ecology has focused on developing ecological theory that can predict how invasive species interact with invaded communities. However, empirical support for theoretical predictions has been inconsistent. Inconsistencies may be attributed to the lack of data in three core areas; (1) field data with enough resolution to determine population dynamics of invasive species in relation to native species, (2) manipulative field experiments that encapsulate natural variation found among micro-habitats, and (3) field data that incorporate effects of invasive species within and among spatial scales. This dissertation has addressed these concerns by examining the mechanisms responsible for the successful …

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Three Essays On Technology Adoption And The Roles Of Off-Farm Labor, Human Capital, And Risk In Contemporary Us Agriculture, Hiroki Uematsu Jan 2012

Three Essays On Technology Adoption And The Roles Of Off-Farm Labor, Human Capital, And Risk In Contemporary Us Agriculture, Hiroki Uematsu

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Agriculture can be defined as the domestication and farming of plant and animal species to produce food and fiber products. Our society is fundamentally dependent on agriculture as it is the primary source of nutrients essential to human activities. Historically, the introduction of agriculture and technological development thereafter drastically changed the way human civilization has evolved into what it is today. New technologies allow farmers to produce more outputs with fewer inputs. Saved resources from agricultural production, such as land, labor and time, were used elsewhere to produce other goods and services that enrich the quality of our life. The …

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The Role Of Gylcoprotein K (Gk) In The Ocular And Neuropathogenesis Of Herpes Simplex Virus-Type 1 (Hsv-1), Andrew Timothy David Jan 2012

The Role Of Gylcoprotein K (Gk) In The Ocular And Neuropathogenesis Of Herpes Simplex Virus-Type 1 (Hsv-1), Andrew Timothy David

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a DNA virus that is a ubiquitous pathogen of humans. The hallmark of the HSV-lifecycle is infection of a mucosal surface with spread to sensory neurons where the virus establishes a latent infection with periodic recurrences for the life of the host. The most common course of symptomatic disease with HSV-1 is the typical mucocutaneous lesion that is self-limiting. HSV-1 can also cause acute encephalitis and ocular pathology on reactivation. Both of these manifestations of the disease have severe consequences. Although ocular infection is less frequent, the extensive prevalence of HSV makes it …

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Reinhold Niebuhr's Ethics Of Rhetoric, Joseph E. Rhodes Jan 2012

Reinhold Niebuhr's Ethics Of Rhetoric, Joseph E. Rhodes

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation explores the writings of the American public intellectual and theologian Reinhold Niebuhr (1892-1971). My project is a unique contribution to Niebuhrian studies in that I approach these works from the perspective of a rhetorical theorist. My intention is to parse from Niebuhr’s editorial commentaries, his philosophical inquiries and lectures, his theological treatises, and his sermonic essays an specifically “Niebuhrian ethics of rhetoric.” In order to accomplish this task I investigate the rhetorical situation Niebuhr was embedded in and to which he was responding to at the turn of the twentieth century. Part of the analysis of his rhetorical …

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Virgil's Shipwreck: How A Roman Poet Made And Unmade The Epic In The West, Jesse Bryan Burchfield Russell Jan 2012

Virgil's Shipwreck: How A Roman Poet Made And Unmade The Epic In The West, Jesse Bryan Burchfield Russell

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

We are still feeling the effects of the Second World War sixty-seven years after its conclusion. Much of post-war thinking has attempted to sort through the roots of the totalitarian ideology that developed in Europe and caused such massive destruction. Marxist and Frankfurt School critics have demonstrated that the roots of Fascism go deeper in the West than the twentieth century and are part and parcel of the West’s combination of technology and myth. Additionally, Post-Colonial critics have pointed out that the horrors of this war were also perpetrated throughout Europe’s colonial endeavors and have undertaken the task of deconstructing …

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Molecular Approaches To Detect And Control Cercospora Kikuchii In Soybeans, Ashok Kumar Chanda Jan 2012

Molecular Approaches To Detect And Control Cercospora Kikuchii In Soybeans, Ashok Kumar Chanda

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) caused by Cercospora kikuchii, has become a troublesome disease in the southern United States. C. kikuchii produces a non-hostspecific phytotoxin and a pathogenicity factor known as cercosporin during infection of soybean. A quantitative real-time PCR assay was developed for detection and quantification of C. kikuchii. The sensitivity of detection is 1 pg of genomic DNA. The assay detected the presence of C. kikuchii in soybean leaves long before the appearance of disease symptoms. C. kikuchii DNA levels in soybean leaves increased slowly during early soybean development, followed by a quick increase at late reproductive stages. Results …

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Projected Performances: The Phenomenology Of Hybrid Theater, David Edward Coley Jan 2012

Projected Performances: The Phenomenology Of Hybrid Theater, David Edward Coley

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Throughout the 20th century, mediatized forms gained prominence and eclipsed the theater as a site of cultural power and popularity. Because of this tension, performance theorists like Peggy Phelan framed the definition of theater through its inherent differences from film and television. Other theorists like Philip Auslander problematized this distinction, particularly due to television’s similarities to live performance. The cinema, however, has remained an opponent to performance, ignored in favor of technologies that more readily promote a sense of “liveness.” In Projected Performances, I argue that film projection is more closely related to performance than previously thought, particularly when viewed …

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Transient Receptor Potential Channel M4 And M5 In Magnocellular Cells In Rat Supraoptic And Paraventricular Nuclei, R. Teruyama, M. Sakuraba, H. Kurotaki, W. E. Armstrong Dec 2011

Transient Receptor Potential Channel M4 And M5 In Magnocellular Cells In Rat Supraoptic And Paraventricular Nuclei, R. Teruyama, M. Sakuraba, H. Kurotaki, W. E. Armstrong

Faculty Publications

The neurohypophysial hormones, vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT), are synthesised by magnocellular cells in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. The release of VP into the general circulation from the neurohypophysis increases during hyperosmolality, hypotension and hypovolaemia. VP neurones increase hormone release by increasing their firing rate as a result of adopting a phasic bursting. Depolarising after potentials (DAPs) following a series of action potentials are considered to be involved in the generation of the phasic bursts by summating to plateau potentials. We recently discovered a fast DAP (fDAP) in addition to the slower …

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Faculty Senate Newsletter, Holiday 2011, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College Dec 2011

Faculty Senate Newsletter, Holiday 2011, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College

LSU Faculty Senate Publications

Message from President: With the arrival of the Advent season comes the temptation to make lists. Universities and their assorted faculty, political, and professional leaders rejoice in lists, whether the ranking lists published by US News and World Report or Kiplinger’s or the eruditionflaunting lists more commonly known as curriculum vitae or the lists of problems with so many aspects of academic life that everyone carries in the ever-running journal of his or her mind. Among the most salient lists are those enumerating the parties responsible for the decay of education in Louisiana. Compiling a list of those who have …

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The Esplanade Mall, Lauren Baye Dec 2011

The Esplanade Mall, Lauren Baye

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Developing A Strawberry Yogurt Fortified With Marine Fish Oil 1, J. D. Estrada, C. Boeneke, P. Bechtel, S. Sathivel Dec 2011

Developing A Strawberry Yogurt Fortified With Marine Fish Oil 1, J. D. Estrada, C. Boeneke, P. Bechtel, S. Sathivel

Faculty Publications

Fortified dairy products appeal to a wide variety of consumers and have the potential to increase sales in the yogurt industry and help increase intake of long-chain n-3 fatty acids. The objectives of this study were to develop a strawberry yogurt containing microencapsulated salmon oil (MSO; 2% wt/vol) and evaluate its characteristics during 1 mo of storage. Unpurified salmon oil (USO) was purified (PSO) and both USO and PSO were analyzed for peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AV), total oxidation, free fatty acids (FFA), and moisture content. A stable emulsion was prepared with 7% PSO, 22% gum arabic, 11% maltodextrin, …

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Laboratory Host Range Assessment Of A Predatory Pentatomid, Podisus Maculiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) For Field Release On Guam, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Rosalie Kikuchi Dec 2011

Laboratory Host Range Assessment Of A Predatory Pentatomid, Podisus Maculiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) For Field Release On Guam, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Rosalie Kikuchi

Faculty Publications

Predation by Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) was evaluated with Erionota thrax (L.) (Lepidoptera: Hesperidae), Pericyma cruegeri (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), Papilio polytes (L.) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) and Eudocima phalonia (L.) comb. nov. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Both free-choice and no-choice experiments indicated that the P. maculiventris attacked and consumed all the larvae of the 5 species included in the tests. Although the larvae died at different intervals, most of them were dead within 24120 h of the introduction of the predatory species. Since the P. maculiventris is polyphagous in nature and the present findings indicate that these …

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Production Of F 1 Offspring With Vitrified Sperm From A Live-Bearing Fish, The Green Swordtail Xiphophorus Hellerii, Rafael Cuevas-Uribe, Huiping Yang, Jonathan Daly, Markita G. Savage, Ronald B. Walter, Terrence R. Tiersch Dec 2011

Production Of F 1 Offspring With Vitrified Sperm From A Live-Bearing Fish, The Green Swordtail Xiphophorus Hellerii, Rafael Cuevas-Uribe, Huiping Yang, Jonathan Daly, Markita G. Savage, Ronald B. Walter, Terrence R. Tiersch

Faculty Publications

This study reports the first production of offspring with vitrified sperm from a live-bearing fish Xiphophorus hellerii. The overall goal of this study was to develop streamlined protocols for integration into a standardized approach for vitrification of aquatic species germplasm. The objectives were to (1) estimate acute toxicity of cryoprotectants, (2) evaluate vitrification solutions, (3) compare different thawing methods, (4) evaluate membrane integrity of post-thaw sperm vitrified in different cryoprotectants, and (5) evaluate the fertility of vitrified sperm. Nine cryoprotectants and two commercial vitrification additives were tested for acute toxicity and glass forming ability, alone and in combination. Two vitrification …

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A Review Of The Toxicity Of Chemical Dispersants, James Wise, John Pierce Wise Dec 2011

A Review Of The Toxicity Of Chemical Dispersants, James Wise, John Pierce Wise

Faculty Publications

Chemical dispersants are a mixture of various surfactants and solvents. Most dispersants are proprietary, and the complete composition is not often public knowledge. Chemical dispersants used for the cleanup and containment of crude oil toxicity became a major concern after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil crisis in the Gulf of Mexico. During the crisis, millions of liters of chemical dispersants (Corexit 9527 and 9500) were used - the largest known application of dispersants in the field. As of February 2011, 38 peer-reviewed articles were available on the toxicity of 35 different chemical dispersants. Nalco, BP, Shell, and Total Special Fluids …

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