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Minimizing Human Infection From Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Using Gumbos, Marsha R. Cole, Min Li, Ravirajsinh Jadeja, Bilal El-Zahab, Daniel Hayes, Jeffery A. Hobden, Marlene E. Janes, Isiah M. Warner Jun 2013

Minimizing Human Infection From Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Using Gumbos, Marsha R. Cole, Min Li, Ravirajsinh Jadeja, Bilal El-Zahab, Daniel Hayes, Jeffery A. Hobden, Marlene E. Janes, Isiah M. Warner

Faculty Publications

Objectives: Reduction in faecal shedding of Shiga toxin-producing enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) in food-producing animals is a viable strategy to minimize human disease initiated by exposure to these microorganisms. To this end, an intervention strategy involving the electrostatic hybridization of two commonly used anti-infective agents for veterinary practice (i.e. chlorhexidine and ampicillin) was evaluated to curtail EHECtransmitted disease from ruminant sources. Chlorhexidine di-ampicillin is a novel group of uniform material based on organic salts (GUMBOS) with inherent in vitro antibacterial activity that comes from its parent antimicrobial ions, chlorhexidine and ampicillin. Methods: Antibacterial activities for chlorhexidine diacetate, sodium ampicillin, chlorhexidine …

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A Mild Pulsed Electric Field Condition That Improves Acid Tolerance, Growth, And Protease Activity Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus La-K And Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Subspecies Bulgaricus Lb-12, N. Najim, Kayanush J. Aryana Jun 2013

A Mild Pulsed Electric Field Condition That Improves Acid Tolerance, Growth, And Protease Activity Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus La-K And Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Subspecies Bulgaricus Lb-12, N. Najim, Kayanush J. Aryana

Faculty Publications

Pulsed electric field (PEF) processing involves the application of pulses of voltage for less than 1 s to fluid products placed between 2 electrodes. The effect of mild PEF on beneficial characteristics of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus is not clearly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of mild PEF conditions on acid tolerance, growth, and protease activity of Lb. acidophilus LA-K and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus LB-12. A pilot plant PEF system (OSU-4M; The Ohio State University, Columbus) was used. The PEF treatments were positive square unipolar pulse width of …

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Developing Models Of Disease Transmission: Insights From Ecological Studies Of Insects And Their Baculoviruses, Bret D. Elderd Jun 2013

Developing Models Of Disease Transmission: Insights From Ecological Studies Of Insects And Their Baculoviruses, Bret D. Elderd

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Multitissue Molecular, Genomic, And Developmental Effects Of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill On Resident Gulf Killifish (Fundulus Grandis), Benjamin Dubansky, Andrew Whitehead, Jeffrey T. Miller, Charles D. Rice, Fernando Galvez May 2013

Multitissue Molecular, Genomic, And Developmental Effects Of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill On Resident Gulf Killifish (Fundulus Grandis), Benjamin Dubansky, Andrew Whitehead, Jeffrey T. Miller, Charles D. Rice, Fernando Galvez

Faculty Publications

The Deepwater Horizon oil rig disaster resulted in crude oil contamination along the Gulf coast in sensitive estuaries. Toxicity from exposure to crude oil can affect populations of fish that live or breed in oiled habitats as seen following the Exxon Valdez oil spill. In an ongoing study of the effects of Deepwater Horizon crude oil on fish, Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) were collected from an oiled site (Grande Terre, LA) and two reference locations (coastal MS and AL) and monitored for measures of exposure to crude oil. Killifish collected from Grande Terre had divergent gene expression in the liver …

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Pre-Immunization With An Intramuscular Injection Of Aav9-Human Erythropoietin Vectors Reduces The Vector-Mediated Transduction Following Re-Administration In Rat Brain, Chun Yang, Wei Hua Yang, Sha Sha Chen, Bao Feng Ma, Bin Li, Tao Lu, Ting Yu Qu, Ronald L. Klein, Li Ru Zhao, Wei Ming Duan May 2013

Pre-Immunization With An Intramuscular Injection Of Aav9-Human Erythropoietin Vectors Reduces The Vector-Mediated Transduction Following Re-Administration In Rat Brain, Chun Yang, Wei Hua Yang, Sha Sha Chen, Bao Feng Ma, Bin Li, Tao Lu, Ting Yu Qu, Ronald L. Klein, Li Ru Zhao, Wei Ming Duan

Faculty Publications

We have recently demonstrated that adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-mediated human erythropoietin (hEPO) gene delivery into the brain protects dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we examined whether pre-exposure to AAV9-hEPO vectors with an intramuscular or intrastriatal injection would reduce AAV9-mediated hEPO transduction in rat brain. We first characterized transgene expression and immune responses against AAV9-hEPO vectors in rat striatum at 4 days, 3 weeks and 6 months, and with doses ranging from 1011 to 1013 viral genomes. To sensitize immune system, rats received an injection of AAV9-hEPO …

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Tar Balls From Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill: Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (Epfr) Formation During Crude Weathering, Lucy W. Kiruri, Barry Dellinger, Slawo Lomnicki May 2013

Tar Balls From Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill: Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (Epfr) Formation During Crude Weathering, Lucy W. Kiruri, Barry Dellinger, Slawo Lomnicki

Faculty Publications

Tar balls collected from the Gulf of Mexico shores of Louisiana and Florida after the BP oil spill have shown the presence of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra characteristic of organic free radicals as well as transition metal ions, predominantly iron(III) and manganese(II). Two types of organic radicals were distinguished: an asphaltene radical species typically found in crude oil (g = 2.0035) and a new type of radical resulting from the environmental transformations of crude (g = 2.0041-47). Pure asphaltene radicals are resonance stabilized over a polyaromatic structure and are stable in air and unreactive. The new radicals were identified …

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Testing The Role Of Meander Cutoff In Promoting Gene Flow Across A Riverine Barrier In Ground Skinks (Scincella Lateralis), Nathan D. Jackson, Christopher C. Austin May 2013

Testing The Role Of Meander Cutoff In Promoting Gene Flow Across A Riverine Barrier In Ground Skinks (Scincella Lateralis), Nathan D. Jackson, Christopher C. Austin

Faculty Publications

Despite considerable attention, the long-term impact of rivers on species diversification remains uncertain. Meander loop cutoff (MLC) is one river phenomenon that may compromise a river's diversifying effects by passively transferring organisms from one side of the river to the other. However, the ability of MLC to promote gene flow across rivers has not been demonstrated empirically. Here, we test several predictions of MLC-mediated gene flow in populations of North American ground skinks (Scincella lateralis) separated by a well-established riverine barrier, the Mississippi River: 1) individuals collected from within meander cutoffs should be more closely related to individuals across the …

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Changes In Plasma Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone, Acth, Prolactin, Gh, Lh, Fsh, And Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone In Response To Injection Of Sulpiride, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone, Or Vehicle In Insulin-Sensitive And -Insensitive Mares, N. Arana Valencia, D. L. Thompson, P. B. Mitcham May 2013

Changes In Plasma Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone, Acth, Prolactin, Gh, Lh, Fsh, And Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone In Response To Injection Of Sulpiride, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone, Or Vehicle In Insulin-Sensitive And -Insensitive Mares, N. Arana Valencia, D. L. Thompson, P. B. Mitcham

Faculty Publications

Six insulin-sensitive and 6 insulin-insensitive mares were used in a replicated 3 by 3 Latin square design to determine the pituitary hormonal responses (compared with vehicle) to sulpiride and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 2 compounds commonly used to diagnose pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses. Mares were classified as insulin sensitive or insensitive by their previous glucose responses to direct injection of human recombinant insulin. Treatment days were February 25, 2012, and March 10 and 24, 2012. Treatments were sulpiride (racemic mixture, 0.01 mg/kg BW), TRH (0.002 mg/kg BW), and vehicle (saline, 0.01 mL/kg BW) administered intravenously. Blood samples were …

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Native Americans (Research Report #120), Amanda D. Cowley, Mark J. Schafer, Troy Blanchard May 2013

Native Americans (Research Report #120), Amanda D. Cowley, Mark J. Schafer, Troy Blanchard

LSU AgCenter Research Reports

This is the sixth in a series of reviews. This review discusses the experiences of Native Americans in the region – a group that was the foundation of the southeastern United States long before European or Spanish colonization. Although much of the documentation about American Indian history, migration and culture is fragmented, this group had substantial effects on the economy, culture and history of the southeastern United States.

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Characterization Of Virus-Encoded Rna Interference Suppressors In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Xunyang Guo, Rui Lu May 2013

Characterization Of Virus-Encoded Rna Interference Suppressors In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Xunyang Guo, Rui Lu

Faculty Publications

In fungi, plants, and invertebrates, antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) directed by virus-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) represents a major antiviral defense that the invading viruses have to overcome in order to establish infection. As a counterdefense mechanism, viruses of these hosts produce diverse classes of proteins capable of suppressing the biogenesis and/or function of viral siRNAs. This RNA-directed viral immunity (RDVI) in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is known to exhibit some unique features. Currently, little is known about viral suppression of RNAi in C. elegans. Here, we show that ectopic expression of the B2 protein encoded by Flock House virus …

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Society Contra State: Murray Rothbard’S Conception Of The Proper Role Of Coercion In Society, Alex Braud May 2013

Society Contra State: Murray Rothbard’S Conception Of The Proper Role Of Coercion In Society, Alex Braud

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Studies In The Novella, Lb Kovac May 2013

Studies In The Novella, Lb Kovac

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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The Morphological Evolution Of The Vocal Apparatus In The Human Lineage: Implications On The Emergence Of Language, Jacob Jesch May 2013

The Morphological Evolution Of The Vocal Apparatus In The Human Lineage: Implications On The Emergence Of Language, Jacob Jesch

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Synthesis Of Porphyrin And Porphyrinoid Structures For Use In Binary Cancer Therapies: Fluorinated Porphyrin-Carborane As A Candidate For Boron Neutron Capture Therapy And Tetrabenzoporphyrin With Polyamine Conjugates As A Candidate For Photodynamic Therapy, Laura A. Clesi May 2013

Synthesis Of Porphyrin And Porphyrinoid Structures For Use In Binary Cancer Therapies: Fluorinated Porphyrin-Carborane As A Candidate For Boron Neutron Capture Therapy And Tetrabenzoporphyrin With Polyamine Conjugates As A Candidate For Photodynamic Therapy, Laura A. Clesi

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Chronic Inflammation, Vitamin D Status And Body Composition In College-Aged Individuals, Mollye Baker May 2013

Chronic Inflammation, Vitamin D Status And Body Composition In College-Aged Individuals, Mollye Baker

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Characterization Of Aebp2 Mutant Mice, Arundhati Bakshi May 2013

Characterization Of Aebp2 Mutant Mice, Arundhati Bakshi

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Empathy, Altruism, And Prosocial Behavior In Humans And Primates, Renee Dale May 2013

Empathy, Altruism, And Prosocial Behavior In Humans And Primates, Renee Dale

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Toxicologic Assessment Of A Commercial Decolorized Whole Leaf Aloe Vera Juice, Lily Of The Desert Filtered Whole Leaf Juice With Aloesorb, Inder Sehgal, Wallace D. Winters, Michael Scott, Andrew David, Glenn Gillis, Thaya Stoufflet, Anand Nair, Konstantine Kousoulas Apr 2013

Toxicologic Assessment Of A Commercial Decolorized Whole Leaf Aloe Vera Juice, Lily Of The Desert Filtered Whole Leaf Juice With Aloesorb, Inder Sehgal, Wallace D. Winters, Michael Scott, Andrew David, Glenn Gillis, Thaya Stoufflet, Anand Nair, Konstantine Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

Aloe vera, a common ingredient in cosmetics, is increasingly being consumed as a beverage supplement. Although consumer interest in aloe likely stems from its association with several health benefits, a concern has also been raised by a National Toxicology Program Report that a nondecolorized whole leaf aloe vera extract taken internally by rats was associated with intestinal mucosal hyperplasia and ultimately malignancy. We tested a decolorized whole leaf (DCWL) aloe vera, treated with activated charcoal to remove the latex portion of the plant, for genotoxicity in bacteria, acute/subacute toxicity in B6C3F1 mice, and subchronic toxicity in F344 rats. We found …

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Differential Undertaking Response Of A Lower Termite To Congeneric And Conspecific Corpses, Qian Sun, Kenneth F. Haynes, Xuguo Zhou Apr 2013

Differential Undertaking Response Of A Lower Termite To Congeneric And Conspecific Corpses, Qian Sun, Kenneth F. Haynes, Xuguo Zhou

Faculty Publications

Undertaking behaviour is an essential activity in social insects. Corpses are often recognized by a postmortem change in a chemical signature.Reticulitermes flavipesresponded to corpses within minutes of death. This undertaking behaviour did not change with longer postmortem time (24 h); however,R.flavipes exhibited distinctively different behaviours toward dead termites from various origins. Corpses of the congeneric species, Reticulitermes virginicus,were buried onsite by workers with a large group of soldiers guarding the burial site due to the risk of interspecific competition; while dead conspecifics, regardless of colony origin, were pulled back into the holding chamber for nutrient recycling and hygienic purposes. The …

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Cyclosporin A Reduces Matrix Metalloproteinases And Collagen Expression In Dermal Fibroblasts From Regenerative Foxn1 Deficient (Nude) Mice, Barbara Gawronska-Kozak, Heather Kirk-Ballard Apr 2013

Cyclosporin A Reduces Matrix Metalloproteinases And Collagen Expression In Dermal Fibroblasts From Regenerative Foxn1 Deficient (Nude) Mice, Barbara Gawronska-Kozak, Heather Kirk-Ballard

Faculty Publications

Background: Cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive agent modifies the wound healing process through an influence on extracellular matrix metabolism. We have compared the effects of CsA on dermal fibroblasts from nude (FOXN1 deficient) mice, a genetic model of skin scarless healing, and from control (C57BL/6 J (B6) mice to evaluate metabolic pathways that appear to have important roles in the process of scarless healing/regeneration.Results: High levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and collagen III expression in dermal fibroblasts from nude (regenerative) mice were down-regulated by CsA treatment to the levels observed in dermal fibroblasts from B6 (non-regenerative) mice. In contrast, dermal …

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Entorhinal Stellate Cells Show Preferred Spike Phase-Locking To Theta Inputs That Is Enhanced By Correlations In Synaptic Activity., Fernandez Fr, Malerba P, Bressloff Pc, White Ja Apr 2013

Entorhinal Stellate Cells Show Preferred Spike Phase-Locking To Theta Inputs That Is Enhanced By Correlations In Synaptic Activity., Fernandez Fr, Malerba P, Bressloff Pc, White Ja

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Faculty Senate Newsletter, April 2013, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College Apr 2013

Faculty Senate Newsletter, April 2013, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College

LSU Faculty Senate Publications

Message from President: One of the surest signs of error is unanimity. Unchallenged agreement among a very large number of people always suggests either a conspiracy of silence or a fear of seeming retrograde or a plain old suppression of dissent. Among the axioms that are nervously and not altogether freely endorsed by that large cadre of clever persons who comprise the academy and its administration is the assumption that privatization is the way of the future. This shibboleth sometimes takes a melancholy form, as in the lament that the big public dollars that built American academe are “never coming …

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Rampant Polyphyly Indicates Cryptic Diversity In A Clade Of Neotropical Flycatchers (Aves: Tyrannidae), Frank E. Rheindt, Andrés M. Cuervo, Robb T. Brumfield Apr 2013

Rampant Polyphyly Indicates Cryptic Diversity In A Clade Of Neotropical Flycatchers (Aves: Tyrannidae), Frank E. Rheindt, Andrés M. Cuervo, Robb T. Brumfield

Faculty Publications

Polyphyletic arrangements in DNA phylogenies are often indicators of cryptic species diversity masked by erroneous taxonomic treatments that are frequently based on morphological data. Although mitochondrial (mt)DNA polyphyly is detected relatively rarely in phylogenetic studies, it has recently been found in a variety of tyrant-flycatcher (Tyrannidae) groups. In the present study, we provide a DNA phylogeny for a mitochondrial and a nuclear locus with a complete species sampling in Zimmerius flycatchers, showing that the genus is characterized by multiple mtDNA polyphyly. Based on phylogenetic and life-history information, we suggest the elevation of a number of taxa to species status, leading …

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Louisiana Agriculture Spring, 2013 Apr 2013

Louisiana Agriculture Spring, 2013

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

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Improved Tolerance To Salt And Water Stress In Drosophila Melanogaster Cells Conferred By Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein, Matthew R. Marunde, Dilini A. Samarajeewa, John Anderson, Shumin Li, Steven C. Hand, Michael A. Menze Apr 2013

Improved Tolerance To Salt And Water Stress In Drosophila Melanogaster Cells Conferred By Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein, Matthew R. Marunde, Dilini A. Samarajeewa, John Anderson, Shumin Li, Steven C. Hand, Michael A. Menze

Faculty Publications

Mechanisms that govern anhydrobiosis involve the accumulation of highly hydrophilic macromolecules, such as late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins. Group 1 LEA proteins comprised of 181 (AfLEA1.1) and 197 (AfLEA1.3) amino acids were cloned from embryos of Artemia franciscana and expressed in Drosophila melanogaster cells (Kc167). Confocal microscopy revealed a construct composed of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and AfLEA1.3 accumulates in the mitochondria (AfLEA1.3-GFP), while AfLEA1.1-GFP was found in the cytoplasm. In the presence of mixed substrates, oxygen consumption was statistically identical for permeabilized Kc167 control and Kc167-AfLEA1.3 cells. Acute titrations of permeabilized cells with NaCl up to 500mM led to …

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Intercellular And Intracellular Signalling Systems That Globally Control The Expression Of Virulence Genes In Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, Jong Hyun Ham Apr 2013

Intercellular And Intracellular Signalling Systems That Globally Control The Expression Of Virulence Genes In Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, Jong Hyun Ham

Faculty Publications

Plant pathogenic bacteria utilize complex signalling systems to control the expression of virulence genes at the cellular level and within populations. Quorum sensing (QS), an important intercellular communication mechanism, is mediated by different types of small molecules, including N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), fatty acids and small proteins. AHL-mediated signalling systems dependent on the LuxI and LuxR family proteins play critical roles in the virulence of a wide range of Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. Xanthomonas spp. and Xylella fastidiosa, members of the Gammaproteobacteria, however, possess QS systems that are mediated by fatty acid-type diffusible …

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Localizations Of 11Β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 And Mineralocorticoid Receptors In The Rat Hypothalamus, Remi Wilson Apr 2013

Localizations Of 11Β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 And Mineralocorticoid Receptors In The Rat Hypothalamus, Remi Wilson

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Analyzing The Population Structure Of Captive Marmosets Using Alu Retrotransposons, Megan Ranck Apr 2013

Analyzing The Population Structure Of Captive Marmosets Using Alu Retrotransposons, Megan Ranck

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Design And Implementation Of A Primitive Neural Stimulator With Simulated Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potentials, José Aquiles Parodi Amaya Apr 2013

Design And Implementation Of A Primitive Neural Stimulator With Simulated Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potentials, José Aquiles Parodi Amaya

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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The Vocal Mechanism Of Two Songbirds, The Bengalese Finch (Lonchura Striata) And The Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis Cardinalis): 3d Modeling Of Complex Skeleto-Muscular Systems Based On Computer Visualization And Animation Of X-Ray Ct Data, Caroline Blevins Apr 2013

The Vocal Mechanism Of Two Songbirds, The Bengalese Finch (Lonchura Striata) And The Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis Cardinalis): 3d Modeling Of Complex Skeleto-Muscular Systems Based On Computer Visualization And Animation Of X-Ray Ct Data, Caroline Blevins

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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