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Syntheses And Characterization Of Isoporphyrins And Bodipys For Pdt And Imaging, Haijun Wang Jan 2014

Syntheses And Characterization Of Isoporphyrins And Bodipys For Pdt And Imaging, Haijun Wang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This Dissertation is divided into five chapters reporting various aspects of the background to my field of study and the results obtained during my research program. Chapter 1 gives a very brief introduction to photodynamic therapy including the mechanism of the treatment, the localization of photosensitizer in tumor cells, the pathways leading to tumor death and characteristics of various photosensitizers such as porphyrin-based photosensitizers and non-porphyrin based photosensitizers. Chapter 2 reports a total synthesis of zinc(II) isoporphyrins by cyclization of b-bilene salt using á-keto esters for the macrocyclization carbon. Functionalization of the resulting zinc(II) isoporphyrins was attempted using different strategies …

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A Comparative Study Of Human Decomposition Research Facilities In The United States: The Role Of "Body Farms" In Forensic Applications, Nicole Suzanne Klein Jan 2014

A Comparative Study Of Human Decomposition Research Facilities In The United States: The Role Of "Body Farms" In Forensic Applications, Nicole Suzanne Klein

LSU Master's Theses

The first human decomposition facility, the University of Tennessee’s Anthropological Research Facility, or the “Body Farm,” as it is more commonly known, was established in 1980. Not until the year 2006 did another of its kind open. In the past six years, the number of such facilities has tripled. Human decomposition facilities, and their amenities, are being used for research purposes more frequently each year, although there is little in the literature that describes the facilities themselves. Interviews with facility representatives were used to gather data in order to better understand how these facilities are initiated, the difficulties and successes …

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Tonal And Topical Coherence In Brahms's Op.10 Ballades, Jacob Joel Gran Jan 2014

Tonal And Topical Coherence In Brahms's Op.10 Ballades, Jacob Joel Gran

LSU Master's Theses

Johannes Brahms composed the op. 10 ballades in the summer of 1854 while living at the Schumann household in Düsseldorf. These pieces are unique within the instrumental ballade repertoire in that they form a collection of ballades published as a single opus. How did Brahms intend the four ballades to cohere as a group, as opposed to a collection of independent pieces? The problem in identifying coherence lies as much within the genre of the instrumental ballade as it does within the musical features of op. 10. These pieces demonstrate a wide range of musical topics, some of which appear …

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The Louisiana Sciences Education Act's Impact On High School Science, Gareth Mitchell Jan 2014

The Louisiana Sciences Education Act's Impact On High School Science, Gareth Mitchell

LSU Master's Theses

Over the last two decades, extensive research has been conducted concerning the legality and effectiveness of teaching opposing viewpoints on controversial topics in science education. However, one of the most important aspects of this dilemma has been disregarded: the effect it has on individual teachers in their unique environments. The purpose of this research was to analyze teacher’s comprehension of recent state legislation as well as how it impacts their instruction. This quantitative approach took place through an online survey of secondary science teachers in biology, which focuses on their teaching experience, understanding of the Louisiana Science Education Act of …

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Design, Synthesis, And Evaluation Of Small Molecule-Based, Profluorogenic Activatable Substrate Probes For Detection And Visualization Of Human Cancer Enzyme Nad(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase-1, Suraj Uditha Hettiarachchi Jan 2014

Design, Synthesis, And Evaluation Of Small Molecule-Based, Profluorogenic Activatable Substrate Probes For Detection And Visualization Of Human Cancer Enzyme Nad(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase-1, Suraj Uditha Hettiarachchi

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Cancer comprises many specific diseases, and it is currently responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. This broad disease profile is a great challenge for personalized oncology. Critical for the success of cancer therapy is the exploration of improved methodologies for the early detection of localized and disseminated tumor cells in patients, where bio-molecular imaging has become an indispensable tool. Being one of many different imaging techniques, optical fluorescence imaging has been translated over the years from the bench to clinical research, and it is now on the verge of being able to address some of the pressing challenges in molecular …

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Twa: A Masque, Jacqueline Kari Jan 2014

Twa: A Masque, Jacqueline Kari

LSU Master's Theses

Twa: A Masque is a collection of poems arranged in five impossible plays, subsumed under one general dramatic architecture. The work plays with the tradition of balladic variation, locating in the violence and strangeness of murder ballads and other aspects of the folk base an opportunity to explore themes of gender, identity, and trauma, and to expand the performative potential for non-linear narrative voices inside narrative poetry. This project re-versions archetypal characters and storylines and synthesizes multiple registers of language against the backdrop of a necropastoral fantasyland. Twa: A Masque doubles and mis-takes poetry for theater, archaism for neologism, and …

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A Quantitative And Molecular Evaluation Of Calves Sired By Three Different Breeds For Growth, Performance, And Carcass Traits, Malcolm Seth Mizell Jan 2014

A Quantitative And Molecular Evaluation Of Calves Sired By Three Different Breeds For Growth, Performance, And Carcass Traits, Malcolm Seth Mizell

LSU Master's Theses

The first objective of the two studies in the research herein was to evaluate growth, performance and carcass quality and composition traits from a group of spring born calves sired by Charolais, Braunvieh, or Simmental bulls. Growth traits analyzed included birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), and hip height (HH). Carcass quality and composition traits analyzed included hot carcass weight (HCW), rib eye area (REA), back fat thickness (BF), marbling score (MS), and yield grade (YG). Analysis revealed Simmental sired calves were significantly heavier (P<.05) at birth when compared to Charolais and Braunvieh sired calves. Braunvieh sired calves were reported to be significantly (P<.05) shorter than Simmental sired calves for hip height. Hot carcass weight analysis revealed that Charolais sired calves were significantly (P<.05) heavier when compared to Braunvieh sired calves. No individual sire breed group displayed any significant differences for weaning weight, rib eye area, back fat thickness, marbling score, or yield grade. The second objective was evaluate potential SNP associations on four candidate genes with growth, performance, and carcass composition traits in a population of crossbred steers sired by Charolais, Braunvieh, and Simmental bulls. Traits analyzed for growth, performance, and carcass traits were previously mentioned. Analysis was performed on 38 steer calves. Single nucleotide polymorphisms within four candidate genes including Thyroglobulin (TG), Adiponectin (ADPOQ), Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and Calpastatin (CAST) were chosen for analysis. A total of 14 SNP on TG, ADPOQ, CAST, and IGF-1 genes were significantly associated with birth weight and weaning weight. Analysis revealed 13 SNP on TG, ADPOQ, IGF-1, and CAST genes significantly associated (P<.05) with HCW, BF, MS, and YG. No markers were reported to be significantly associated (P<.05) with HH or REA. A total of 11 markers with 3 markers located on the ADPOQ gene, 1 marker located on the IGF-1 gene, 3 markers located on the TG gene, and 5 markers located on the CAST gene were significantly associated with both growth and carcass traits.

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Toward A Northern Irish Pastoral: Reading The Rural In Seamus Heaney And Paul Muldoon, Stephanie Jean Osburn Krassenstein Jan 2014

Toward A Northern Irish Pastoral: Reading The Rural In Seamus Heaney And Paul Muldoon, Stephanie Jean Osburn Krassenstein

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The goal of this dissertation is three-fold: to mount a comparison of Seamus Heaney and Paul Muldoon, arguing that the two poets actually share much in common, particularly in their use of the pastoral mode; to argue that the pastoral mode offers a provocative, even radical platform for postcolonial writing and thinking; and to argue that reading Heaney and Muldoon, and Ireland in general, as postcolonial offers much for critics and scholars. This project looks particularly at Heaney’s use of gender in landscape to argue that Heaney relies on an abject pastoral mode, one which is dominated by excess fertility …

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Bio-Imprinted Hydro-Gels (Bigs) For Protein And Virus Detection, Wei Bai Jan 2014

Bio-Imprinted Hydro-Gels (Bigs) For Protein And Virus Detection, Wei Bai

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Detection of bio-markers at low concentration is becoming a more and more important topic in scientific research due to its importance in applications crucially related to people’s life like medical diagnosis, environment protection and national security. In the past decades, as the improvement of the modern analytical technologies progressed, plenty of methodologies have been developed to realize the fast and accurate detection of bio-markers in liquid media. However, some drawbacks still remain like the expensive cost, high requirement of operational environment, and need for skilled operators. Here, a new kind of aptamer-based bio-imprinted hydrogel sensor (BIG) with specific macroscopic volume …

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An Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of The Check-In/Check-Out Intervention For Students Engaging In Relational Aggression And Their Classmates, Emily Patty Corwin Jan 2014

An Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of The Check-In/Check-Out Intervention For Students Engaging In Relational Aggression And Their Classmates, Emily Patty Corwin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Check-in/Check-out intervention (CICO; Crone, Hawken, & Horner, 2010) when it is applied to children who display relationally aggressive behaviors. Previous research indicates that universal, school-wide, interventions are generally ineffective in decreasing behaviors associated with relational aggression. It may be that a targeted intervention, such as CICO, could be more effective. Three schools were selected for participation in the current project, and the fifth grade of each of these schools was targeted. One school served as the treatment school, while the other schools served as the delayed-treatment control …

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The Romano-Parthian Cold War: Julio-Claudian Foreign Policy In The First Century Ce And Tacitus' Annales, John J. Poirot Jan 2014

The Romano-Parthian Cold War: Julio-Claudian Foreign Policy In The First Century Ce And Tacitus' Annales, John J. Poirot

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Many ancient and modern authors view the first century CE as an unprecedented era of peace and security for the Roman Empire. These writers often identify the Roman emperor Augustus’ diplomatic settlement with Parthia (ca. 20 BCE) as an important cornerstone of the Pax Romana. But while the two ancient superpowers may have averted large-scale conflicts, Romano-Parthian relations under Augustus and the Julio-Claudians were never entirely uneventful or especially peaceful. Whether the Parthian Empire posed a real threat to Rome’s internal security or not, Julio-Claudian emperors developed elaborate “cold war”-style strategies to keep Rome’s eastern rival in check. Augustus and …

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The Effects Of Osmotic Challenges : Involvement Of Ion Transport Proteins Nka, Nkcc, And Cftr In The Gulf Killifish, Fundulus Grandis, Yanling Meng Jan 2014

The Effects Of Osmotic Challenges : Involvement Of Ion Transport Proteins Nka, Nkcc, And Cftr In The Gulf Killifish, Fundulus Grandis, Yanling Meng

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation investigated the cellular and molecular basis of osmoregulation in developing and adult Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, acclimated to salinities ranging from fresh water to sea water. In chapter 2, F. grandis embryos were reared in 0.1, 5, and 32 ppt water from 2 days (d) post fertilization until late embryogenesis. There were no discernable differences among salinities in the morphology of osmoregulatory organs, including the pharyngeal arches, digestive tract, or kidney. The localization and abundance of Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA), Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC), and the chloride channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) on the external surfaces of these …

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Poised Between Two Worlds : Nikolai Kapustin's Piano Sonata No. 1 And The Classical And Jazz Tradition, Kit Loong Yee Jan 2014

Poised Between Two Worlds : Nikolai Kapustin's Piano Sonata No. 1 And The Classical And Jazz Tradition, Kit Loong Yee

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The music of Nikolai Kapustin is a roller coaster ride of syncopation, hemiolas, glissandos and perpetual motion. Born in Russia at a time when the communist government forbade such creative foreign elements as improvisation and jazz, Kapustin brought to life an innovative style of music that melded classical and jazz elements into a unique, emotive sound that leaves the listener breathless. The focus of this study is Kapustin’s Piano Sonata No. 1, Op. 39. This study goes through a detailed analysis of the sonata as a whole as well as each individual movement. It also includes a brief biography of …

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Estimating U.S. Household Seafood Demand Based On Longitudinal And Cross-Sectional Data, Huabo Wang Jan 2014

Estimating U.S. Household Seafood Demand Based On Longitudinal And Cross-Sectional Data, Huabo Wang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This overall goal of this research is to examine and update U.S. at-home household demand estimates for seafood (including species and generic products) that can be used in policy formulation (by both the private and public sector). As such, this study estimated quantity-based household demand functions for seafood in aggregate, by generic product form (fresh, frozen, and prepared), and primary species. Given that the role of quality has been shown to significantly influence expenditures and seafood demand, this paper also seeks to incorporate the household quality choice into the demand model. In order to help to tailor the market strategy, …

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Influence Of Feeding Anise Oil To Piglets And Broilers, Jose Wando Charal Jan 2014

Influence Of Feeding Anise Oil To Piglets And Broilers, Jose Wando Charal

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The objectives of this research were to determine 1) the effect of anise oil (AO) in pigs after exposure and re-exposure by dietary additions to sow and nursery diets; and 2) the maximum level of AO that could be fed to broilers and its effect on in-vitro growth of Clostridium perfringens (ClP); 3) to determine the effect of AO and diet type on growth performance of broilers after a challenge with ClP; and 4) to determine the effect of AO fed to broilers under commercial conditions. The results indicated that exposing lactating pigs to AO through the sow diet had …

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Evolving Time Surfaces And Tracking Mixing Indicators For Flow Visualization, Farid Harhad Jan 2014

Evolving Time Surfaces And Tracking Mixing Indicators For Flow Visualization, Farid Harhad

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The complexity of large scale computational fluid dynamic simulations (CFD) demands powerful tools to investigate the numerical results. To analyze and understand these voluminous results, we need to visualize the 3D flow field. We chose to use a visualization technique called Time Surfaces. A time surface is a set of surfaces swept by an initial seed surface for a given number of timesteps. We use a front tracking approach where the points of an in initial surface are advanced in a Lagrangian fashion. To maintain a smooth time surface, our method requires surface refinement operations that either split triangle edges, …

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Changes In Bone Density Following Exercise Training In Older Adults, Matthew Casey Scott Jan 2014

Changes In Bone Density Following Exercise Training In Older Adults, Matthew Casey Scott

LSU Master's Theses

Abstract Purpose: To determine effects of 8 wks of progressive whole-body training preceded by 4 wks of regional specific (RSTS) or aerobic training (AT), on bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: Subjects were over age 70 y, with a 6-min walk score of 218-490 m. Subjects were randomized to AT or RSTS for the first 4 wks (Phase 1). AT consisted of ~45 min of walking/biking (50-85% HR reserve), 3 d/wk. RSTS consisted of 8 exercises specific to major muscle groups and was performed for 3-5 min, at ~40-70% of max voluntary strength for ~45 min, 3 d/wk. After 4 wks, …

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Failed Agricultural Impoundments: An Interdisciplinary Assessment Of Community Structure And Social Resilience, Stacy Nicole Peterson Jan 2014

Failed Agricultural Impoundments: An Interdisciplinary Assessment Of Community Structure And Social Resilience, Stacy Nicole Peterson

LSU Master's Theses

The remnants of the wetland reclamation era of the early 1900s are visible in the leveed, drained, and failed impoundments across the United States, and especially in coastal regions. The common themes of their history are flooding, restoration, and – sometimes - community resilience. The physical changes occurring during and after impoundment, and after failure includes subsidence, erosion, and flooding are well-documented. Here I construct an environmental history that integrates data on these physical changes with archival records, historical documents, site visits and personal interviews. The primary region of focus is ‘Delta Farms’ - a failed agricultural impoundment in Lafourche …

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History, Nesting Population, Migration, Home Range And Habitats Used By Louisiana Bald Eagles, Nickolas Ryan Smith Jan 2014

History, Nesting Population, Migration, Home Range And Habitats Used By Louisiana Bald Eagles, Nickolas Ryan Smith

LSU Master's Theses

The population of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nesting in Louisiana reached precariously low numbers in the early 1970’s, and although the population has since increased markedly, resident eagles remain a species of conservation concern in Louisiana. Using statewide aerial nest survey data from 1975–2008, I documented the history and quantified the recovery of the nesting population in Louisiana. Known active nests increased exponentially from 7 to 387 during this period, exhibiting a mean annual rate of increase of 11.1 ± 0.3% per year with no indications of slowing. By 1990, the nesting population in Louisiana had exceeded all goals of …

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The 'Happiest Corner' Of London: Bethnal Green, 1881-1951, Audrey Gray Jan 2014

The 'Happiest Corner' Of London: Bethnal Green, 1881-1951, Audrey Gray

LSU Master's Theses

The social question of the Victorian age centered on poverty: the who; the what; and most importantly, the why of poverty. By the end of the nineteenth century, the why had been obscured by a search for the causes of overcrowding, epidemics, starvation, sanitation, and unemployment, all seen as symptoms of poverty but often confused as causes of poverty. Bethnal Green was emblematic of all of these conditions, and many social experiments were conducted to alleviate these symptoms. With the evacuation of London during World War II, as well as the mass destruction of buildings in Bethnal Green, overcrowding was …

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Implementing Renaissance Literature And Close Reading Into Gifted And Talented High School Curriculums, Ashley Thibodeau Jan 2014

Implementing Renaissance Literature And Close Reading Into Gifted And Talented High School Curriculums, Ashley Thibodeau

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Truth And Magic, Kylie Adkins Jan 2014

Truth And Magic, Kylie Adkins

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Control Options For Rhizome Johnsongrass (Sorghum Halepense L. Pers.) In Glufosinate-Resistant Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) And Soybean (Glycine Max L. Merr.), Randall Lee Landry Jan 2014

Control Options For Rhizome Johnsongrass (Sorghum Halepense L. Pers.) In Glufosinate-Resistant Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) And Soybean (Glycine Max L. Merr.), Randall Lee Landry

LSU Master's Theses

Field studies were conducted in 2011, 2012, and 2013 near Alexandria, LA to determine glufosinate rates and timings for control of rhizome johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] in glufosinate-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.)Merr.]. Johnsongrass control (75%) and height reduction (63%) throughout the season were greatest when glufosinate was applied at 0.7 kg ai ha-1 followed by (fb) 0.6 kg ha-1. Furthermore, following initial applications of glufosinate at 0.7 kg ha-1 (2670 kg ha-1) increased soybean yields were observed compared to 0.5 kg ha-1 (2400 kg ha-1), and soybean yields were greater following sequential glufosinate applications of 0.6 kg ha-1 followed …

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Natural Isoscapes Of Louisiana: Stable Isotope Analysis Of Oxygen, Carbon, And Strontium, Miley Jackson Jan 2014

Natural Isoscapes Of Louisiana: Stable Isotope Analysis Of Oxygen, Carbon, And Strontium, Miley Jackson

LSU Master's Theses

Stable isotope analysis has been used by archaeologists and anthropologists to better understand time, provenience, and diet of past humans, but the utility of stable isotope analysis in modern humans has not been fully explored. Forensic anthropologists today primarily identify human skeletal remains, and stable isotope analysis of bone may narrow down the possible identities of an individual. Determining the natural variability within the state of Louisiana is the first step in determining whether individuals from different areas of the state are distinguishable from one another. This thesis investigated the natural isotopic variability in Louisiana with respect to oxygen (δ18O), …

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Mechanisms Of Innate Immunity In Polymicrobial Sepsis, Liliang Jin Jan 2014

Mechanisms Of Innate Immunity In Polymicrobial Sepsis, Liliang Jin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Severe bacterial sepsis leads to a pro-inflammatory condition that can manifest as septic shock, multiple organ failure, and death. Neutrophils are critical for the rapid elimination of bacteria, however, the role of neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)- NLR protein 3 (NLRP3) and alcohol in bacterial clearance during sepsis remains elusive. We demonstrate that CXCL1 plays a pivotal role in mediating host defense to polymicrobial sepsis following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in gene-deficient mice. CXCL1 appears to be essential for restricting bacterial outgrowth and preventing multiple organ failure and death in mice. Moreover, CXCL1 is essential for neutrophil …

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Characteristics Of Dental Follicle Stem Cells And Their Potential Application For Treatment Of Craniofacial Defects, Maryam Rezai Rad Jan 2014

Characteristics Of Dental Follicle Stem Cells And Their Potential Application For Treatment Of Craniofacial Defects, Maryam Rezai Rad

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Utilization of patient-specific stem cells in regenerative medicine provides a novel treatment approach for diseases and disorders. Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into any cells found within the body; however, ethical, technical and safety concerns have to be overcome before they can be used in clinics. Patient-specific stem cells can be isolated from adult tissues with no ethical, fewer technical, and safety concerns. Obtaining tissues for stem cell isolation usually requires invasive procedures, but impacted teeth are often extracted in the clinics and can be used for isolation of dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs). The …

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Bridging Research And Education: A Look Into The Evolutionary History Of Batfishes And How Museum Exhibits Can Be Used To Engage The Public, Valerie Anestazia Derouen Jan 2014

Bridging Research And Education: A Look Into The Evolutionary History Of Batfishes And How Museum Exhibits Can Be Used To Engage The Public, Valerie Anestazia Derouen

LSU Master's Theses

The objective of this thesis was not only to contribute to our understanding of batfishes but to also show interesting and educational ways research can be presented to the general public. The first part of this project examines the evolutionary history of batfishes. Batfishes (Ogcocephalidae) are an understudied, group of marine anglerfishes that are dorsoventrally flattened and have an illicium and esca used to attract prey. Relationships among these taxa, as well as the position of Ogcocephalidae within Lophiiformes, remain poorly understood, with previous studies showing conflicting, and poorly resolved results. The timing of divergence and depth of origination in …

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Effects Of Induced Plant Resistance And Potassium Fertilization Rates On Soybean Looper (Chrysodeixis Includens) Development In Soybean, Xuan Chen Jan 2014

Effects Of Induced Plant Resistance And Potassium Fertilization Rates On Soybean Looper (Chrysodeixis Includens) Development In Soybean, Xuan Chen

LSU Master's Theses

Soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), is one of the most destructive pests of soybean in the southern U.S. It is highly resistant to most insecticides. Induced host plant resistance and cultural control are sought as alternative control tactics. In this study, effects of induced resistance by exogenous application of elicitors were estimated on soybean looper development in soybean. Three different known elicitors of SAR (systemic acquired resistance), Actigard 50WG (acibenzolar-S-methyl), Regalia (extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), were applied to soybean plants at R2 and R5 stages to determine if these chemicals could induce plant resistance and lower …

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Production Of 2-Propanol, Butanol And Ethanol Using Clostridium Beijerinckii Optonii, Adam Hoogewind Jan 2014

Production Of 2-Propanol, Butanol And Ethanol Using Clostridium Beijerinckii Optonii, Adam Hoogewind

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

With an unpredictable market for gasoline and increased concerns with the pollution created by burning fossil fuels, there is a push for developing suitable replacements for gasoline. While corn-based ethanol production is the most common renewable biofuel produced in the United States, ethanol is not an ideal solution to gasoline replacement due to low energy density, hygroscopic and corrosive properties and inability to purify by distillation alone. Higher alcohols such as butanol do not have the same problems with energy density, purification and hygroscopic and corrosive properties. The fermentation of butanol by using solventogenic Clostridium species, creating acetone, butanol and …

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Development Of A Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification For The Detection Of Burkholderia Glumae, Maria Alejandra Caldera Jan 2014

Development Of A Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification For The Detection Of Burkholderia Glumae, Maria Alejandra Caldera

LSU Master's Theses

Bacterial panicle blight is among the three most limiting diseases of rice production in the United States. Yield loss up to 40% has been reported from rice fields severely infested with bacterial panicle blight. The disease is caused by Burkholderia glumae and B. gladioli. Although, both species produce similar symptoms and are closely related, but B. glumae strains are more aggressive and cause more severe symptoms on rice. Bacterial panicle bight is difficult to manage in the absence of effective chemical control measures. Rapid and early disease detection is needed to avoid severe yield losses. Several techniques have been developed …

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