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Simultaneous Delivery Of Antibiotics Neomycin And Ampicillin In Drinking Water Inhibits Fermentation Of Resistant Starch In Rats, Diana G. Carvajal-Aldaz, Justin L. Guice, Ryan C. Page, Anne M. Raggio, Roy J. Martin, Claudia Husseneder, Holiday A. Durham, James Geaghan, Marlene Janes, Ted Gauthier, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan Mar 2017

Simultaneous Delivery Of Antibiotics Neomycin And Ampicillin In Drinking Water Inhibits Fermentation Of Resistant Starch In Rats, Diana G. Carvajal-Aldaz, Justin L. Guice, Ryan C. Page, Anne M. Raggio, Roy J. Martin, Claudia Husseneder, Holiday A. Durham, James Geaghan, Marlene Janes, Ted Gauthier, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Scope: Antibiotics ampicillin 1 g/L and neomycin 0.5 g/L were added to drinking water before or during feeding of resistant starch (RS) to rats to inhibit fermentation. Methods and results: In a preliminary study, antibiotics and no RS were given prior to rats receiving a transplant of cecal contents via gavage from donor rats fed RS (without antibiotics) or a water gavage before feeding resistant starch to both groups. Antibiotics given prior to feeding RS did not prevent later fermentation of RS regardless of either type of gavage. In the second …

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Association Between Famacha Scores And Fecal Egg Counts In Katahdin Lambs, D. R. Notter, J. M. Burke, J. E. Miller, J. L.M. Morgan Mar 2017

Association Between Famacha Scores And Fecal Egg Counts In Katahdin Lambs, D. R. Notter, J. M. Burke, J. E. Miller, J. L.M. Morgan

Faculty Publications

© 2017 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. The FAMACHA system was introduced to the U.S. just over 10 yr ago to allow selective deworming of lambs with anemia associated with Haemonchus contortus and retard the development of anthelmintic resistance. The FAMACHA system was initially developed as a predictor of packed cell volume (PCV), but correlations between FAMACHA and fecal egg counts (FEC) have also been reported. It is important to understand factors that influence FAMACHA scores among farms to improve management of gastrointestinal nematodes. The objectives of this study were therefore to quantify associations between FAMACHA scores, …

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Simultaneous Delivery Of Antibiotics Neomycin And Ampicillin In Drinking Water Inhibits Fermentation Of Resistant Starch In Rats, Diana G. Carvajal-Aldaz, Justin L. Guice, Ryan C. Page, Anne M. Raggio, Roy J. Martin, Claudia Husseneder, Holiday A. Durham, James Geaghan, Marlene Janes, Ted Gauthier, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan Mar 2017

Simultaneous Delivery Of Antibiotics Neomycin And Ampicillin In Drinking Water Inhibits Fermentation Of Resistant Starch In Rats, Diana G. Carvajal-Aldaz, Justin L. Guice, Ryan C. Page, Anne M. Raggio, Roy J. Martin, Claudia Husseneder, Holiday A. Durham, James Geaghan, Marlene Janes, Ted Gauthier, Diana Coulon, Michael J. Keenan

Faculty Publications

© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Scope: Antibiotics ampicillin 1 g/L and neomycin 0.5 g/L were added to drinking water before or during feeding of resistant starch (RS) to rats to inhibit fermentation. Methods and results: In a preliminary study, antibiotics and no RS were given prior to rats receiving a transplant of cecal contents via gavage from donor rats fed RS (without antibiotics) or a water gavage before feeding resistant starch to both groups. Antibiotics given prior to feeding RS did not prevent later fermentation of RS regardless of either type of gavage. In the second …

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Factors Affecting The Ovarian Response To A Combined Estradiol-Sulpiride Treatment In Seasonally Anovulatory Mares, Erin L. Oberhaus, Donald L. Thompson, Carolyn K. Pham Mar 2017

Factors Affecting The Ovarian Response To A Combined Estradiol-Sulpiride Treatment In Seasonally Anovulatory Mares, Erin L. Oberhaus, Donald L. Thompson, Carolyn K. Pham

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Elsevier Inc. Twenty-three seasonally anovulatory mares, housed at two separate farms, were treated with 50 mg of estradiol cypionate (ECP) and 3 g of sulpiride in January to study factors that contributed to success of the treatment (response = ovulation within 28 days). Every other day, blood samples and pretreatment secretagogue challenges were used to characterize prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin-like growth factor-I, leptin, and insulin concentrations. Ovaries of each mare were scanned via ultrasound regularly until detection of a 32–35 mm follicle, at which time the mare was artificially inseminated. Prolactin was stimulated in all treated mares …

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Song Evolution, Speciation, And Vocal Learning In Passerine Birds, Nicholas A. Mason, Kevin J. Burns, Joseph A. Tobias, Santiago Claramunt, Nathalie Seddon, Elizabeth P. Derryberry Mar 2017

Song Evolution, Speciation, And Vocal Learning In Passerine Birds, Nicholas A. Mason, Kevin J. Burns, Joseph A. Tobias, Santiago Claramunt, Nathalie Seddon, Elizabeth P. Derryberry

Faculty Publications

© 2016 The Author(s). Evolution © 2016 The Society for the Study of Evolution. Phenotypic divergence can promote reproductive isolation and speciation, suggesting a possible link between rates of phenotypic evolution and the tempo of speciation at multiple evolutionary scales. To date, most macroevolutionary studies of diversification have focused on morphological traits, whereas behavioral traits─including vocal signals─are rarely considered. Thus, although behavioral traits often mediate mate choice and gene flow, we have a limited understanding of how behavioral evolution contributes to diversification. Furthermore, the developmental mode by which behavioral traits are acquired may affect rates of behavioral evolution, although this …

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Caenorhabditis Elegans Rig-I Homolog Mediates Antiviral Rna Interference Downstream Of Dicer-Dependent Biogenesis Of Viral Small Interfering Rnas, Stephanie R. Coffman, Jinfeng Lu, Xunyang Guo, Jing Zhong, Hongshan Jiang, Gina Broitman-Maduro, Wan Xiang Li, Rui Lu, Morris Maduro, Shou Wei Ding Mar 2017

Caenorhabditis Elegans Rig-I Homolog Mediates Antiviral Rna Interference Downstream Of Dicer-Dependent Biogenesis Of Viral Small Interfering Rnas, Stephanie R. Coffman, Jinfeng Lu, Xunyang Guo, Jing Zhong, Hongshan Jiang, Gina Broitman-Maduro, Wan Xiang Li, Rui Lu, Morris Maduro, Shou Wei Ding

Faculty Publications

© 2017 Coffman et al. Dicer enzymes process virus-specific double-stranded RNA (ds RNA) into small interfering RNAs (si RNAs) to initiate specific antiviral defense by related RNA interference (RNAi) pathways in plants, insects, nematodes, and mammals. Antiviral RNAi in Caenorhabditis elegans requires Dicer-related helicase 1 (DRH-1), not found in plants and insects but highly homologous to mammalian retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), intracellular viral RNA sensors that trigger innate immunity against RNA virus infection. However, it remains unclear if DRH-1 acts analogously to initiate antiviral RNAi in C. elegans. Here, we performed a forward genetic screen to characterize …

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Experimentally Reducing Corticosterone Mitigates Rapid Captivity Effects On Behavior, But Not Body Composition, In A Wild Bird, Christine R. Lattin, Anita V. Pechenenko, Richard E. Carson Mar 2017

Experimentally Reducing Corticosterone Mitigates Rapid Captivity Effects On Behavior, But Not Body Composition, In A Wild Bird, Christine R. Lattin, Anita V. Pechenenko, Richard E. Carson

Faculty Publications

© 2017 Elsevier Inc. Wild animals and captives display physiological and behavioral differences, and it has been hypothesized, but rarely tested, that these differences are caused by sustained elevation of the hormone corticosterone. We used repeated computed tomography (CT) imaging to examine body composition changes in breeding male and female wild house sparrows (Passer domesticus; n = 20) in response to two weeks of captivity, and assessed behavioral changes using video recordings. Half of the birds received the drug mitotane, which significantly decreased stress-induced corticosterone titers compared to controls. Based on the CT images, fat volumes increased, and pectoralis muscle …

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Relationship Of Neuropeptide Ff Receptors With Pubertal Maturation Of Gilts, Jennifer F. Thorson, Neely L. Heidorn, Vitaly Ryu, Krzysztof Czaja, Danny J. Nonneman, C. Richard Barb, Gary J. Hausman, Gary A. Rohrer, Ligia D. Prezotto, Richard B. Mccosh, Elane C. Wright, Brett R. White, Bradley A. Freking, William T. Oliver, Stanley M. Hileman, Clay A. Lents Mar 2017

Relationship Of Neuropeptide Ff Receptors With Pubertal Maturation Of Gilts, Jennifer F. Thorson, Neely L. Heidorn, Vitaly Ryu, Krzysztof Czaja, Danny J. Nonneman, C. Richard Barb, Gary J. Hausman, Gary A. Rohrer, Ligia D. Prezotto, Richard B. Mccosh, Elane C. Wright, Brett R. White, Bradley A. Freking, William T. Oliver, Stanley M. Hileman, Clay A. Lents

Faculty Publications

Mechanisms governing the timing of puberty in pigs are poorly understood. A genome-wide association study for age at first estrus in pigs identified candidate genes including neuropeptide FF receptor 2 (NPFFR2), which is a putative receptor for RFamide-related peptides (RFRP). RFRP has been shown to negatively regulate secretion of reproductive hormones from hypothalamic and pituitary tissue of pigs in culture. Here, the porcine NPFFR2 gene was further screened and four potentially functional variants were identified to be associated with age at first estrus in pigs (1,288 gilts). The RFRP neurons in the porcine hypothalamus were localized in the paraventricular and …

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Dynamic Changes In Death Cues Modulate Risks And Rewards Of Corpse Management In A Social Insect, Qian Sun, Kenneth F. Haynes, Xuguo Zhou Mar 2017

Dynamic Changes In Death Cues Modulate Risks And Rewards Of Corpse Management In A Social Insect, Qian Sun, Kenneth F. Haynes, Xuguo Zhou

Faculty Publications

In social insects, the efficiency of exploitation of resources and colony defence are mediated by chemical communication. In colonies dependent on nutritionally limited resources, corpses represent both a food resource and a risk of pathogens. Because this risk vs. reward changes with time after death, behavioural plasticity in the response to corpses would be advantageous. How social insects regulate this trade-off remains unknown. We conducted quantitative behavioural bioassay and chemical analysis to study corpse management in the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes. We hypothesized that R. flavipes responds differently towards corpses with prolonged post-mortem time, and this behavioural plasticity is …

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Coordinated Dispersal And Pre-Isthmian Assembly Of The Central American Ichthyofauna, Victor A. Tagliacollo, Scott M. Duke-Sylvester, Wilfredo A. Matamoros, Prosanta Chakrabarty, James S. Albert Mar 2017

Coordinated Dispersal And Pre-Isthmian Assembly Of The Central American Ichthyofauna, Victor A. Tagliacollo, Scott M. Duke-Sylvester, Wilfredo A. Matamoros, Prosanta Chakrabarty, James S. Albert

Faculty Publications

© The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. We document patterns of coordinated dispersal over evolutionary time frames in heroine cichlids and poeciliine live-bearers, the two most species-rich clades of freshwater fishes in the Caribbean basin. Observed dispersal rate (DO) values were estimated from time-calibrated molecular phylogenies in LAGRANGE+, a modified version of the ML-based parametric biogeographic program LAGRANGE. DO is measured in units of "wallaces" (wa) as the number of biogeographic range-expansion events per million years. DO estimates were generated on a dynamic paleogeographic landscape of five areas over three …

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Niche Evolution And Diversification In A Neotropical Radiation Of Birds (Aves: Furnariidae), Glenn F. Seeholzer, Santiago Claramunt, Robb T. Brumfield Mar 2017

Niche Evolution And Diversification In A Neotropical Radiation Of Birds (Aves: Furnariidae), Glenn F. Seeholzer, Santiago Claramunt, Robb T. Brumfield

Faculty Publications

© 2017 The Author(s). Evolution © 2017 The Society for the Study of Evolution. Rapid diversification may be caused by ecological adaptive radiation via niche divergence. In this model, speciation is coupled with niche divergence and lineage diversification is predicted to be correlated with rates of niche evolution. Studies of the role of niche evolution in diversification have generally focused on ecomorphological diversification but climatic-niche evolution may also be important. We tested these alternatives using a phylogeny of 298 species of ovenbirds (Aves: Furnariidae). We found that within Furnariidae, variation in species richness and diversification rates of subclades were best …

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What Is Physics? The Individual And The Universal, And Seeing Past The Noise, A. R.P. Rau Mar 2017

What Is Physics? The Individual And The Universal, And Seeing Past The Noise, A. R.P. Rau

Faculty Publications

Along with weaving together observations, experiments, and theoretical constructs into a coherent mesh of understanding of the world around us, physics over its past five centuries has continuously refined the base concepts on which the whole framework is built. In quantum physics, first in nonrelativistic mechanics and later in quantum field theories, even familiar concepts of position, momentum, wave, or particle, are derived constructs from the classical limit in which we live but not intrinsic to the underlying physics. Most crucially, the very idea of the individual, whether an object or an event, distinguished only in a mere label of …

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Hemolysis As A Rapid Screening Technique For Assessing The Toxicity Of Native Surfactin And A Genetically Engineered Derivative, William J. Colonna, Mustafa E. Martı, John A. Nyman, Chris Green, Charles E. Glatz Mar 2017

Hemolysis As A Rapid Screening Technique For Assessing The Toxicity Of Native Surfactin And A Genetically Engineered Derivative, William J. Colonna, Mustafa E. Martı, John A. Nyman, Chris Green, Charles E. Glatz

Faculty Publications

If biosurfactants are to achieve their promise in environmental oil-spill remediation, their toxicity to marine life must be assessed. A killifish larvae assay is commonly used as a measure of toxicity but is difficult and nonlinear in response. Red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis has also been the basis for assays of some surfactant levels. Here we present a modified sheep RBC suspension assay and compare its response to that of the fish assay for surfactin and its genetically modified variant fatty-acyl-glutamate (FA-Glu). This is the first report of hemolytic activity as a property of FA-Glu. The method's potential for screening …

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Can Individualized Music Reduce Agitation And Increase Meaningful Communication In Dementia Center Clients?, Catherine Pinas Mar 2017

Can Individualized Music Reduce Agitation And Increase Meaningful Communication In Dementia Center Clients?, Catherine Pinas

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Data-Driven Identification Of Potential Zika Virus Vectors, Michelle V. Evans, Tad A. Dallas, Barbara A. Han, Courtney C. Murdock, John M. Drake Feb 2017

Data-Driven Identification Of Potential Zika Virus Vectors, Michelle V. Evans, Tad A. Dallas, Barbara A. Han, Courtney C. Murdock, John M. Drake

Faculty Publications

© Evans et al. Zika is an emerging virus whose rapid spread is of great public health concern. Knowledge about transmission remains incomplete, especially concerning potential transmission in geographic areas in which it has not yet been introduced. To identify unknown vectors of Zika, we developed a data-driven model linking vector species and the Zika virus via vector-virus trait combinations that confer a propensity toward associations in an ecological network connecting flaviviruses and their mosquito vectors. Our model predicts that thirty-five species may be able to transmit the virus, seven of which are found in the continental United States, including …

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Faculty Senate Newsletter, February 2017, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College Feb 2017

Faculty Senate Newsletter, February 2017, Louisiana State University And Agricultural & Mechanical College

LSU Faculty Senate Publications

Message from President: Readers of the now old-fashioned novels of Dorothy Sayers and Evelyn Waugh remember an era of academic elegance: a time when colleges and universities reveled in custom, costume, character, and social complexity. True, the jottings of the aforementioned writers caricatured an academic establishment that hovered on the thin line between comedy (per academic satire) and criminality (per detective novels), yet they also portrayed a cultural elite that occasionally fell into absurdity or even lawlessness owing to its willingness to stand apart from the norm. Rank-and-file citizens might puzzle over the singing of the Mallard Song at All …

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Aquaculture Genomics, Genetics And Breeding In The United States: Current Status, Challenges, And Priorities For Future Research, Hisham Abdelrahman, Mohamed Elhady, Acacia Alcivar-Warren, Standish Allen, Rafet Al-Tobasei, Lisui Bao, Ben Beck, Harvey Blackburn, Brian Bosworth, John Buchanan, Jesse Chappell, William Daniels, Sheng Dong, Rex Dunham, Evan Durland, Ahmed Elaswad, Marta Gomez-Chiarri, Kamal Gosh, Ximing Guo, Perry Hackett, Terry Hanson, Dennis Hedgecock, Tiffany Howard, Leigh Holland, Molly Jackson, Yulin Jin, Karim Kahlil, Thomas Kocher, Tim Leeds, Ning Li, Lauren Lindsey, Shikai Liu, Zhanjiang Liu Feb 2017

Aquaculture Genomics, Genetics And Breeding In The United States: Current Status, Challenges, And Priorities For Future Research, Hisham Abdelrahman, Mohamed Elhady, Acacia Alcivar-Warren, Standish Allen, Rafet Al-Tobasei, Lisui Bao, Ben Beck, Harvey Blackburn, Brian Bosworth, John Buchanan, Jesse Chappell, William Daniels, Sheng Dong, Rex Dunham, Evan Durland, Ahmed Elaswad, Marta Gomez-Chiarri, Kamal Gosh, Ximing Guo, Perry Hackett, Terry Hanson, Dennis Hedgecock, Tiffany Howard, Leigh Holland, Molly Jackson, Yulin Jin, Karim Kahlil, Thomas Kocher, Tim Leeds, Ning Li, Lauren Lindsey, Shikai Liu, Zhanjiang Liu

Faculty Publications

Advancing the production efficiency and profitability of aquaculture is dependent upon the ability to utilize a diverse array of genetic resources. The ultimate goals of aquaculture genomics, genetics and breeding research are to enhance aquaculture production efficiency, sustainability, product quality, and profitability in support of the commercial sector and for the benefit of consumers. In order to achieve these goals, it is important to understand the genomic structure and organization of aquaculture species, and their genomic and phenomic variations, as well as the genetic basis of traits and their interrelationships. In addition, it is also important to understand the mechanisms …

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Localization Of Glutamatergic, Gabaergic, And Cholinergic Neurons In The Brain Of The African Cichlid Fish, Astatotilapia Burtoni, Karen P. Maruska, Julie M. Butler, Karen E. Field, Danielle T. Porter Feb 2017

Localization Of Glutamatergic, Gabaergic, And Cholinergic Neurons In The Brain Of The African Cichlid Fish, Astatotilapia Burtoni, Karen P. Maruska, Julie M. Butler, Karen E. Field, Danielle T. Porter

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Neural communication depends on release and reception of different neurotransmitters within complex circuits that ultimately mediate basic biological functions. We mapped the distribution of glutamatergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic neurons in the brain of the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni using in situ hybridization to label vesicular glutamate transporters (vglut1, vglut2.1, vglut3), glutamate decarboxylases (gad1, gad2), and choline acetyltransferase (chat). Cells expressing the glutamatergic markers vgluts 1–3 show primarily nonoverlapping distribution patterns, with the most widespread expression observed for vglut2.1, and more restricted expression of vglut1 and vglut3. vglut1 is prominent in granular layers of the …

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The Secondary Resistome Of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Bimal Jana, Amy K. Cain, William T. Doerrler, Christine J. Boinett, Maria C. Fookes, Julian Parkhill, Luca Guardabassi Feb 2017

The Secondary Resistome Of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Bimal Jana, Amy K. Cain, William T. Doerrler, Christine J. Boinett, Maria C. Fookes, Julian Parkhill, Luca Guardabassi

Faculty Publications

© 2017 The Author(s). Klebsiella pneumoniae causes severe lung and bloodstream infections that are difficult to treat due to multidrug resistance. We hypothesized that antimicrobial resistance can be reversed by targeting chromosomal non-essential genes that are not responsible for acquired resistance but essential for resistant bacteria under therapeutic concentrations of antimicrobials. Conditional essentiality of individual genes to antimicrobial resistance was evaluated in an epidemic multidrug-resistant clone of K. pneumoniae (ST258). We constructed a high-density transposon mutant library of >430,000 unique Tn5 insertions and measured mutant depletion upon exposure to three clinically relevant antimicrobials (colistin, imipenem or ciprofloxacin) by Transposon Directed …

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Bottom Redox Model (Brom V.1.1): A Coupled Benthic-Pelagic Model For Simulation Of Water And Sediment Biogeochemistry, Evgeniy V. Yakushev, Elizaveta A. Protsenko, Jorn Bruggeman, Philip Wallhead, Svetlana V. Pakhomova, Shamil Kh Yakubov, Richard G.J. Bellerby, Raoul Marie Couture Feb 2017

Bottom Redox Model (Brom V.1.1): A Coupled Benthic-Pelagic Model For Simulation Of Water And Sediment Biogeochemistry, Evgeniy V. Yakushev, Elizaveta A. Protsenko, Jorn Bruggeman, Philip Wallhead, Svetlana V. Pakhomova, Shamil Kh Yakubov, Richard G.J. Bellerby, Raoul Marie Couture

Faculty Publications

© Author(s) 2017. Interactions between seawater and benthic systems play an important role in global biogeochemical cycling. Benthic fluxes of some chemical elements (e.g., C, N, P, O, Si, Fe, Mn, S) alter the redox state and marine carbonate system (i.e., pH and carbonate saturation state), which in turn modulate the functioning of benthic and pelagic ecosystems. The redox state of the near-bottom layer in many regions can change with time, responding to the supply of organic matter, physical regime, and coastal discharge. We developed a model (BROM) to represent key biogeochemical processes in the water and sediments and to …

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Predictability Of Helminth Parasite Host Range Using Information On Geography, Host Traits And Parasite Community Structure, Tad Dallas, Andrew W. Park, John M. Drake Feb 2017

Predictability Of Helminth Parasite Host Range Using Information On Geography, Host Traits And Parasite Community Structure, Tad Dallas, Andrew W. Park, John M. Drake

Faculty Publications

© Cambridge University Press 2016. Host-parasite associations are complex interactions dependent on aspects of hosts (e.g. traits, phylogeny or coevolutionary history), parasites (e.g. traits and parasite interactions) and geography (e.g. latitude). Predicting the permissive host set or the subset of the host community that a parasite can infect is a central goal of parasite ecology. Here we develop models that accurately predict the permissive host set of 562 helminth parasites in five different parasite taxonomic groups. We developed predictive models using host traits, host taxonomy, geographic covariates, and parasite community composition, finding that models trained on parasite community variables were …

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Why Do Plants Need So Many Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors?, Narender Kumar, John C. Larkin Feb 2017

Why Do Plants Need So Many Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors?, Narender Kumar, John C. Larkin

Faculty Publications

© 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Cell cycle regulation is fundamental to growth and development, and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors (CKIs) are major negative regulators of the cell cycle. Plant genomes encode substantially more CKIs than metazoan or fungal genomes. Plant CKIs fall into 2 distinct families, KIP-RELATED PROTEINS (KRPs) and SIAMESE-RELATED proteins (SMRs). SMRs can inhibit both S-phase and M-phase CDK complexes in vitro and are transcribed throughout the cell cycle, yet SMRs do not inhibit DNA replication in vivo. This suggests that SMRs must be activated post transcriptionally after the start of S-phase, but the mechanism of this …

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Gibberellin Signaling Requires Chromatin Remodeler Pickle To Promote Vegetative Growth And Phase Transitions, Jeongmoo Park, Dong Ha Oh, Maheshi Dassanayake, Khoa Thi Nguyen, Joe Ogas, Giltsu Choi, Tai Ping Sun Feb 2017

Gibberellin Signaling Requires Chromatin Remodeler Pickle To Promote Vegetative Growth And Phase Transitions, Jeongmoo Park, Dong Ha Oh, Maheshi Dassanayake, Khoa Thi Nguyen, Joe Ogas, Giltsu Choi, Tai Ping Sun

Faculty Publications

© 2017 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. PICKLE (PKL) is an ATP-dependent chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding domain (CHD3) chromatin remodeling enzyme in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Previous studies showed that PKL promotes embryonic-to-vegetative transition by inhibiting expression of seed-specific genes during seed germination. The pkl mutants display a low penetrance of the “pickle root” phenotype, with a thick and green primary root that retains embryonic characteristics. The penetrance of this pickle root phenotype in pkl is dramatically increased in gibberellin (GA)-deficient conditions. At adult stages, the pkl mutants are semidwarfs with delayed flowering time, which resemble reduced GA-signaling mutants. These findings …

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Growth Hormone And Prolactin Secretion In Horses: Effects Of Multiple And Extended Exercise Bouts, Β-Hydroxy-Β-Methyl Butyrate Feeding, And Arginine And Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Pretreatment, Donald L. Thompson, Peggy A. Miller-Auwerda, Liv Sandberg Feb 2017

Growth Hormone And Prolactin Secretion In Horses: Effects Of Multiple And Extended Exercise Bouts, Β-Hydroxy-Β-Methyl Butyrate Feeding, And Arginine And Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Pretreatment, Donald L. Thompson, Peggy A. Miller-Auwerda, Liv Sandberg

Faculty Publications

© 2016 Elsevier Inc. Five experiments were performed to test the overall hypothesis that exercise might be a useful indicator of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin status in horses. In experiment 1, geldings were exercised for 5 minutes four times at hourly intervals. The prolactin response (P < .05) to the first two exercise bouts was small and increased with successive bouts. There was a consistent GH response (P < .05) for only the first two bouts. In experiment 2, geldings were exercised for 29 to 39 minutes on a treadmill. After the initial bout, half the geldings were supplemented daily with Ca-β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate, and all geldings were conditioned for 12 weeks. Exercise bouts at 7 and 12 weeks indicated no effect (P > .1) of supplementation. In experiment 3, treatment of geldings with arginine before exercise increased (P < .001) prolactin concentrations but had no effect (P > .1) on the GH response to exercise. In experiment 4, the repeatability of the GH response to 5 minutes of exercise was determined by exercising eight stallions on six separate occasions. In addition to a large variation in …

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Effects Of Wind, Ambient Temperature And Sun Position On Damselfly Flight Activity And Perch Orientation, Nicholas A. Mason Feb 2017

Effects Of Wind, Ambient Temperature And Sun Position On Damselfly Flight Activity And Perch Orientation, Nicholas A. Mason

Faculty Publications

© 2017 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour Many animals rely on movement for survival and reproduction. Directed movements incur metabolic costs, however, and animals adjust their behaviour to optimize energy expenditures in different abiotic conditions. Physical flows and solar radiation vary over time and space and influence animal behaviour at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Here, I quantify the effects of wind speed, wind direction, ambient temperature and sun position on the fine-scale movement ecology and perch orientation of a widespread damselfly, Enallagma doubledayi. Through field observations, I found that damselflies fly, forage and engage competitors in territorial interactions …

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Bacteria Associated With Piezodorus Guildinii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), With Special Reference To Those Transmitted By Feeding, Claudia Husseneder, Jong Seok Park, Andrea Howells, Chinmay V. Tikhe, Jeffrey A. Davis Feb 2017

Bacteria Associated With Piezodorus Guildinii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), With Special Reference To Those Transmitted By Feeding, Claudia Husseneder, Jong Seok Park, Andrea Howells, Chinmay V. Tikhe, Jeffrey A. Davis

Faculty Publications

The redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), is a rapidly growing pest damaging southern US agriculture. Pentatomid stink bugs are known to vector bacterial, fungal, and viral plant diseases. However, bacteria associated with redbanded stink bugs and their vector potential have not yet been assessed. In this study, we 1) cultured and identified bacteria transmitted by feeding of redbanded stink bug and 2) described bacteria from guts of redbanded stink bug individuals using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Nineteen bacteria transmitted by feeding of redbanded stink bug on soybean agar were isolated and identified via Sanger …

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Post-Hurricane Successional Dynamics In Abundance And Diversity Of Canopy Arthropods In A Tropical Rainforest, T. D. Schowalter, M. R. Willig, S. J. Presley Feb 2017

Post-Hurricane Successional Dynamics In Abundance And Diversity Of Canopy Arthropods In A Tropical Rainforest, T. D. Schowalter, M. R. Willig, S. J. Presley

Faculty Publications

We quantified long-term successional trajectories of canopy arthropods on six tree species in a tropical rainforest ecosystem in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico that experienced repeated hurricane-induced disturbances during the 19-yr study (1991-2009). We expected: 1) differential performances of arthropod species to result in taxon- or guild-specific responses; 2) differences in initial conditions to result in distinct successional responses to each hurricane; and 3) the legacy of hurricane-created gaps to persist despite subsequent disturbances. At least one significant effect of gap, time after hurricane, or their interaction occurred for 53 of 116 analyses of taxon abundance, 31 of 84 …

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Development Of A Combined Osmotic Dehydration And Cryogenic Freezing Process For Minimizing Quality Changes During Freezing With Application To Fruits And Vegetables, Juan Li, Arranee Chotiko, Emmanuel Kyereh, Jie Zhang, Chen Liu, Vondel Vandeker Reyes Ortega, David Bankston, Subramaniam Sathivel Feb 2017

Development Of A Combined Osmotic Dehydration And Cryogenic Freezing Process For Minimizing Quality Changes During Freezing With Application To Fruits And Vegetables, Juan Li, Arranee Chotiko, Emmanuel Kyereh, Jie Zhang, Chen Liu, Vondel Vandeker Reyes Ortega, David Bankston, Subramaniam Sathivel

Faculty Publications

The effect of a combined osmo-dehydro-cryogenic-freezing process on quality characteristics of fruits and vegetables was evaluated. Cut-tomato-pieces were used as a model vegetable to evaluate the process. Tomatoes had 15.74% water loss and 0.22% solids gain after 24 h of osmotic dehydration in a 55% (w/w) maltodextrin solution at 35C, and increased redness was observed in osmotically dehydrated samples with lycopene content of 1244.78 µg/g of dry mass. Under liquid nitrogen cryogenic freezing at −40C osmotic pretreated tomato samples had shorter freezing time (3.13 min) and higher freezing rate (16.53C/min) than untreated samples (4.48 min and 11.58C/min, respectively). Pretreated-thawed tomato …

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Vaccination Of Rhesus Macaques With The Live-Attenuated Hsv-1 Vaccine Vc2 Stimulates The Proliferation Of Mucosal T Cells And Germinal Center Responses Resulting In Sustained Production Of Highly Neutralizing Antibodies, Brent A. Stanfield, Bapi Pahar, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Ronald Veazey, Konstantin G. Kousoulas Jan 2017

Vaccination Of Rhesus Macaques With The Live-Attenuated Hsv-1 Vaccine Vc2 Stimulates The Proliferation Of Mucosal T Cells And Germinal Center Responses Resulting In Sustained Production Of Highly Neutralizing Antibodies, Brent A. Stanfield, Bapi Pahar, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Ronald Veazey, Konstantin G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

© 2016 We have shown that the live-attenuated HSV-1 VC2 vaccine strain with mutations in glycoprotein K (gK) and the membrane protein UL20 is unable to establish latency in vaccinated animals and produces a robust immune response capable of completely protecting mice against lethal vaginal HSV-1 or HSV-2 infections. To better understand the immune response generated by vaccination with VC2, we tested its ability to elicit immune responses in rhesus macaques. Vaccinated animals showed no signs of disease and developed increasing HSV-1 and HSV-2 reactive IgG1 after two booster vaccinations, while IgG subtypes IgG2 and IgG3 remained at low to …

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A Model For The Ergosterol Biosynthetic Pathway In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Kristy M. Brumfield, Susan M. Laborde, James V. Moroney Jan 2017

A Model For The Ergosterol Biosynthetic Pathway In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Kristy M. Brumfield, Susan M. Laborde, James V. Moroney

Faculty Publications

© 2017 British Phycological Society. Ergosterol and 7-dehydroporiferasterol are the predominant sterols in the membranes of the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard. Ergosterol is primarily found in most fungi, which produce their end-product sterols by way of the intermediate lanosterol. In contrast, plants rarely make ergosterol and plant sterols are made via the intermediate cycloartenol. The cycloartenol-lanosterol bifurcation has been used as a means to evolutionarily categorize species based on their sterol production. Use of bioinformatics has revealed that the green alga, C. reinhardtii is probably producing sterols using a pathway very similar to that of higher plants. The Chlamydomonas genome …

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