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Global Sex Disparity Of Covid-19: A Descriptive Review Of Sex Hormones And Consideration For The Potential Therapeutic Use Of Hormone Replacement Therapy In Older Adults, S C. Okpechi, J T. Fong, S S. Gill, J C. Harman, S C. Okpechi, Q C. Chukwurah, I O. Onor, S K. Alahari Jan 2021

Global Sex Disparity Of Covid-19: A Descriptive Review Of Sex Hormones And Consideration For The Potential Therapeutic Use Of Hormone Replacement Therapy In Older Adults, S C. Okpechi, J T. Fong, S S. Gill, J C. Harman, S C. Okpechi, Q C. Chukwurah, I O. Onor, S K. Alahari

Faculty Publications

The 2019-2020 SARS-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to healthcare sectors around the world. As of November 2020, there have been over 64 million confirmed cases and approaching 2 million deaths globally. Despite the large number of positive cases, there are very limited established standards of care and therapeutic options available. To date, there is still no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved vaccine for COVID-19, although there are several options in various clinical trial stages. Herein, we have performed a global review evaluating the roles of age and sex on COVID-19 hospitalizations, ICU admissions, deaths in hospitals, …

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Bats And Humans During Thesars-Cov-2outbreak: The Case Of Bat-Coronaviruses From Mexico, P Colunga-Salas, G Hernandez-Canchola Jan 2021

Bats And Humans During Thesars-Cov-2outbreak: The Case Of Bat-Coronaviruses From Mexico, P Colunga-Salas, G Hernandez-Canchola

Faculty Publications

The novelSARS-CoV-2coronavirus has attracted attention due to the high number of human cases around the world. It has been proposed that this virus originated in bats, possibly transmitted to humans by an intermediate host, making bats a group of great interest during this outbreak. Almost 10% of the world's bat species inhabit Mexico, and 14 previous novel CoVs have been recorded in Mexican bats. However, the phylogenetic relationships between these viruses and the novel coronavirus are unknown. The aim of this communication was therefore to describe the phylogenetic relationships between Mexican bat-CoVs andSARS-CoV-2. We showed that Mexican bat-CoVs sequences are …

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The Interplay Between Environmental Exposures And Covid-19 Risks In The Health Of Children, P D. Sly, B A. Trottier, C M. Bulka, S A. Cormier, P D. Sly, R C. Fry, K W. Kim, S Kleeberger, P Kumar, P J. Landrigan, K L. Carlsen, A Pascale, F Polack, M Ruchirawat, H J. Zar, W A. Suk Jan 2021

The Interplay Between Environmental Exposures And Covid-19 Risks In The Health Of Children, P D. Sly, B A. Trottier, C M. Bulka, S A. Cormier, P D. Sly, R C. Fry, K W. Kim, S Kleeberger, P Kumar, P J. Landrigan, K L. Carlsen, A Pascale, F Polack, M Ruchirawat, H J. Zar, W A. Suk

Faculty Publications

Background: An unusual feature of SARS-Cov-2 infection and the COVID-19 pandemic is that children are less severely affected than adults. This is especially paradoxical given the epidemiological links between poor air quality and increased COVID-19 severity in adults and that children are generally more vulnerable than adults to the adverse consequences of air pollution. Objectives: To identify gaps in knowledge about the factors that protect children from severe SARS-Cov-2 infection even in the face of air pollution, and to develop a transdisciplinary research strategy to address these gaps. Methods: An international group of researchers interested in children's environmental health was …

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Experimental Re-Infected Cats Do Not Transmit Sars-Cov-2, N N. Gaudreault, M Carossino, I Morozov, J D. Trujillo, N N. Gaudreault, D W. Madden, K Cool, B L. Artiaga, C Mcdowell, D Bold, V Balaraman, T Kwon, W J. Ma, J Henningson, D W. Wilson, W C. Wilson, U C. Balasuriya, A Garcia-Sastre, J A. Richt Jan 2021

Experimental Re-Infected Cats Do Not Transmit Sars-Cov-2, N N. Gaudreault, M Carossino, I Morozov, J D. Trujillo, N N. Gaudreault, D W. Madden, K Cool, B L. Artiaga, C Mcdowell, D Bold, V Balaraman, T Kwon, W J. Ma, J Henningson, D W. Wilson, W C. Wilson, U C. Balasuriya, A Garcia-Sastre, J A. Richt

Faculty Publications

SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 and responsible for the current global pandemic. We and others have previously demonstrated that cats are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and can efficiently transmit the virus to naive cats. Here, we address whether cats previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 can be re-infected with SARS-CoV-2. In two independent studies, SARS-CoV-2-infected cats were re-challenged with SARS-CoV-2 at 21 days post primary challenge (DPC) and necropsies performed at 4, 7 and 14 days post-secondary challenge (DP2C). Sentinels were co-mingled with the re-challenged cats at 1 DP2C. Clinical signs were recorded, and nasal, oropharyngeal, and rectal swabs, blood, …

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Everything You Wanted To Know About Space Radiation But Were Afraid To Ask, Jeffery Chancellor, Craig Nowadly, Jacqueline Williams, Serena Aunon-Chancellor, Megan Chesal, Jayme Looper, Wayne Newhauser Jan 2021

Everything You Wanted To Know About Space Radiation But Were Afraid To Ask, Jeffery Chancellor, Craig Nowadly, Jacqueline Williams, Serena Aunon-Chancellor, Megan Chesal, Jayme Looper, Wayne Newhauser

Faculty Publications

The space radiation environment is a complex combination of fast-moving ions derived from all atomic species found in the periodic table. The energy spectrum of each ion species varies widely but is prominently in the range of 400–600 MeV/n. The large dynamic range in ion energy is difficult to simulate in ground-based radiobiology experiments. Most ground-based irradiations with mono-energetic beams of a single one ion species are delivered at comparatively high dose rates. In some cases, sequences of such beams are delivered with various ion species and energies to crudely approximate the complex space radiation environment. This approximation may cause …

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Editorial, Jeffery Hobson Jan 2021

Editorial, Jeffery Hobson

Civil War Book Review

"Several writers whose works are reviewed" herein "tell previously untold stories, while others provide new analyses and narratives about widely studied people in the Civil War Era . . . The reviews, by junior and established scholars alike, note these enlightening works’ revelations about the dynamism and diversity of well-studied populations: Antebellum white northerners, 'politicized' white Confederate women, Freedpeople, and Confederate leaders and generals. Other reviewed books introduce previously undervalued and understudied characters from the Civil War Era: A John Brown co-conspirator, a pro-Confederate British politician, Lincoln’s foot-doctor cum spy, and the very environment in and around which the Civil …

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Civil War Supply And Strategy: Feeding Men And Moving Armies, David Coffey Jan 2021

Civil War Supply And Strategy: Feeding Men And Moving Armies, David Coffey

Civil War Book Review

In this "complex" yet "accessible volume," Earl J. Hess demonstrates that "in the Civil War mastering logistics and supply contributed significantly to the United States victory."

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An Environmental History Of The Civil War, Matthew Stith Jan 2021

An Environmental History Of The Civil War, Matthew Stith

Civil War Book Review

In this"effort to rediscover and recast the war in the same natural prism through which the war’s original actors viewed and experienced it 160 years ago" Browning and Silver "give a level of agency to the natural environment as it pertained to humans and their actions" in the great conflagration.

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“There Is A North”: Fugitive Slaves, Political Crisis, And Cultural Transformation In The Coming Of The Civil War, Kellen Heniford Jan 2021

“There Is A North”: Fugitive Slaves, Political Crisis, And Cultural Transformation In The Coming Of The Civil War, Kellen Heniford

Civil War Book Review

John Brooke shows that "between 1850 and 1854, white northerners experienced fundamental political and cultural shifts that pushed enough of them towards an active antislavery politics that a conflagration with the slaveholding South became almost inevitable."

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Biology And Management Of The Rice Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) In Rice, Oryza Sativa (Poales: Poaceae), Santhi Bhavanam, Blake Wilson, Bryce Blackman, Michael Stout Jan 2021

Biology And Management Of The Rice Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) In Rice, Oryza Sativa (Poales: Poaceae), Santhi Bhavanam, Blake Wilson, Bryce Blackman, Michael Stout

Faculty Publications

The rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (Fabricius), is the most important late-season insect pest of rice in the southern United States. Nymphs and adults feed on rice grains, resulting in losses in yield and grain quality. Aspects of the biology, ecology, life history, and chemical ecology have been investigated in southern rice producing states but several outstanding questions remain. Standard economic threshold levels (ETLs) based on sweep net sampling for rice stink bug have been established depending on grain development stage and geographic location. However, recent studies on the relationship between rice stink bug densities, feeding damage, and its economic …

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Current Distribution And Population Persistence Of Five Lepidopteran Pests In U.S. Soybean, Anders S. Huseth, Robert L. Koch, Dominic Reisig, Jeffrey A. Davis, Silvana V. Paula-Moraes, Erin W. Hodgson Jan 2021

Current Distribution And Population Persistence Of Five Lepidopteran Pests In U.S. Soybean, Anders S. Huseth, Robert L. Koch, Dominic Reisig, Jeffrey A. Davis, Silvana V. Paula-Moraes, Erin W. Hodgson

Faculty Publications

The distribution of lepidopteran pests in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a current knowledge gap limiting accurate prioritization of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) research. Regional characterizations of lepidopteran distribution in soybean are now more than 25 yr old. The goal of this study was to generate a contemporary assessment of the distribution and population persistence of lepidopteran soybean pests. To understand which species are currently infesting soybean and their persistence, we conducted a survey of soybean entomologists with responsibility for approximately 33.6 million hectares of production in 31 U.S. states. Soybean entomologists were asked questions about presence of lepidopteran …

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Climate Mismatch Between Introduced Biological Control Agents And Their Invasive Host Plants: Improving Biological Control Of Tropical Weeds In Temperate Regions, Nathan E. Harms, Ian A. Knight, Paul D. Pratt, Angelica M. Reddy, Abhishek Mukherjee, Ping Gong, Julie Coetzee, S. Raghu, Rodrigo Diaz Jan 2021

Climate Mismatch Between Introduced Biological Control Agents And Their Invasive Host Plants: Improving Biological Control Of Tropical Weeds In Temperate Regions, Nathan E. Harms, Ian A. Knight, Paul D. Pratt, Angelica M. Reddy, Abhishek Mukherjee, Ping Gong, Julie Coetzee, S. Raghu, Rodrigo Diaz

Faculty Publications

Many weed biological control programs suffer from large-scale spatial variation in success due to restricted distributions or abundances of agents in temperate climates. For some of the world’s worst aquatic weeds, agents are established but overwintering conditions limit their survival in higher latitudes or elevations. The resulting need is for new or improved site-or region-specific biological control tools. Here, we review this challenge with a focus on low-temperature limitations of agents and propose a roadmap for improving success. Investigations across spatial scales, from global (e.g., foreign exploration), to local (selective breeding), to individual organisms (molecular modification), are discussed. A combination …

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2021 Annual Report, Louisiana Rice Research Board, Lsu Agcenter Jan 2021

2021 Annual Report, Louisiana Rice Research Board, Lsu Agcenter

Louisiana Rice Research Board Annual Report

No abstract provided.

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Sugar Recovery Rates In Louisiana, Florida, And Australia (1901–2018): Sugarcane Varietal Development And Cultural Practices, P. Lynn Kennedy, Andrew Schmitz, Fangyi Zhang Jan 2021

Sugar Recovery Rates In Louisiana, Florida, And Australia (1901–2018): Sugarcane Varietal Development And Cultural Practices, P. Lynn Kennedy, Andrew Schmitz, Fangyi Zhang

Faculty Publications

Australia, Florida, and Louisiana are dominant sugar producers. We use piecewise regression to compare the growth in sugar recovery rates. To discuss sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) varietal development and cultural practices, we consider two scenarios: the entire period 1901 to 2018 and two subperiods using country-specific breakpoints. The overall annual increase in the sugar recovery rate for all three regions ranged between 0.0180% for Australia and 0.0525% for Florida. In the first subperiod, Florida (0.2380%, 1928–1941) and Australia (0.1233%, 1901–1927) have the greatest annual gains, but in the second subperiod, Louisiana experiences the greatest annual gains (0.0813%, 1969–2018), followed by …

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Kentucky Soybean Farmers' Supportiveness Of Two Integrated Pest And Pollinator Management Tactics, Hannah J. Penn, Jerrod Penn, Michael Cunningham-Minnick, Wuyang Hu Jan 2021

Kentucky Soybean Farmers' Supportiveness Of Two Integrated Pest And Pollinator Management Tactics, Hannah J. Penn, Jerrod Penn, Michael Cunningham-Minnick, Wuyang Hu

Faculty Publications

Beneficial insect conservation in agriculture is often studied in the context of integrated pest management (IPM). For instance, vegetative field edges provide habitat and changing the timing of insecticidal sprays decreases risk for pollinators and natural enemies of insect pests. However, the attitudes and confidence of U.S. growers towards IPM implementation in traditional row crops remain understudied. We developed an online survey using a convenience sample and surveyed Kentucky soybean growers to understand their current pest and general management practices, beliefs about sources of insect pests/weeds, and attitudes towards pollinators. We also asked about their willingness to implement two management …

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Biology, Ecology, And Management Of Key Sorghum Insect Pests, Olabimpe O. Okosun, Kerry C. Allen, James P. Glover, Gadi V.P. Reddy Jan 2021

Biology, Ecology, And Management Of Key Sorghum Insect Pests, Olabimpe O. Okosun, Kerry C. Allen, James P. Glover, Gadi V.P. Reddy

Faculty Publications

Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (Poaceae), is a highly valued crop cultivated worldwide, with the grain and stover being of equal importance in some developing countries. Sorghum can produce high yields even under adverse environmental conditions, however, damage from insect pests at various stages of the plant's development can reduce its productivity, impacting low-income farmers in developing countries. Important sorghum insect pests include leaf-sucking species, leaf-feeding species, stalk or stem borers, pests of the panicle and of the stored grain. Modern control strategies include cultural controls, biological control, pesticides (chemical, botanicals, or microbial), and host plant resistance. An integrated approach …

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First Record Of Native Entomopathogenic Nematodes From Montana Agroecosystems, Ramandeep K. Sandhi, Ratnasri Pothula, Satyendra K. Pothula, Byron J. Adams, Gadi V.P. Reddy Jan 2021

First Record Of Native Entomopathogenic Nematodes From Montana Agroecosystems, Ramandeep K. Sandhi, Ratnasri Pothula, Satyendra K. Pothula, Byron J. Adams, Gadi V.P. Reddy

Faculty Publications

A total of 30 different agricultural fields in the Golden Triangle Region of Montana, USA were surveyed, and 150 soil samples were evaluated for the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). The authors isolated EPNs from 10% of the collected samples. The recovered isolates were identified as Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora by using morphological and molecular analysis. Steinernema feltiae was found from two fields, Kalispell (S. feltiae 1) and Choteau (S. feltiae 2). Steinernema feltiae (1 and 2) differed significantly from each other in terms of morphological characters for infective juveniles (distance from anterior end to excretory pore and nerve …

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On-Farm Evaluation Of Regenerative Land-Use Practices In A Semi-Arid Pasture Agroecosystem In West Texas, Usa, Lindsey Slaughter, Sanjit Deb, Somsubhra Chakraborty, Bin Li, Noura Bakr, Bryanna Edwards, David Weindorf Jan 2021

On-Farm Evaluation Of Regenerative Land-Use Practices In A Semi-Arid Pasture Agroecosystem In West Texas, Usa, Lindsey Slaughter, Sanjit Deb, Somsubhra Chakraborty, Bin Li, Noura Bakr, Bryanna Edwards, David Weindorf

Faculty Publications

Continually rising scarcity in water and nutrient resources, especially in semi-arid agricultural systems, combined with increased frequency of extreme weather events such as drought, contribute to a growing need for resilient and regenerative agricultural ecosystems. However, evaluating a myriad of combinations of producer-led sustainable management practices in on-farm research remains challenging. Few studies have elucidated spatial variability in measured soil properties across the study area due to logistical and economic constraints. As such, this study aimed to: 1) establish soil health assessment and landscape variability data immediately after land-use change to a sustainable pasture management system, and 2) delineate relationships …

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In The Service Of God And Humanity: Conscience, Reason, And The Mind Of Martin R. Delany, Philip Yaure Jan 2021

In The Service Of God And Humanity: Conscience, Reason, And The Mind Of Martin R. Delany, Philip Yaure

Civil War Book Review

Adeleke shows that Delaney was alternatively a separatist, integrationist, militarist, and accommodationist before returning to his previous belief in emigration. Despite his changing methods, a puzzling belief in the power of moral suasion animated all of Delaney’s emancipationist efforts. This puzzlement is indicative of “the success of Adeleke’s project.”

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Editorial: Investigating Black Activism In The Civil War Era, Jeffery Hardin Hobson Jan 2021

Editorial: Investigating Black Activism In The Civil War Era, Jeffery Hardin Hobson

Civil War Book Review

This special thematic issue of the Civil War Book Review is dedicated to recent works that uncover, reveal, and recast the history of Black Americans’ emancipation activism in the Civil War Era. The concept of emancipation carried myriad meanings among nineteenth-century Black Americans, which the scholarship reviewed below reflects. These authors have catalogued nineteenth-century Black Americans’ vibrant and dynamic efforts to emancipate themselves from slavery, to achieve citizenship and its attendant rights, to secure personal safety, to gain social standing, and to attain economic stability. These books emphasize nineteenth-century African Americans possessed a complex political consciousness that was finely tuned …

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Caregiver Treatment Consumption In An Experimental Treatment Marketplace, Delaney J. Darragh Jan 2021

Caregiver Treatment Consumption In An Experimental Treatment Marketplace, Delaney J. Darragh

Faculty Publications

Behavioral economics is an approach to understanding consumer behavior by integrating behavioral science with economic principles. Behavioral economics incorporates traditional economic principles with operant learning approaches. There is limited research examining how individuals consume psychological and behavioral treatments. This is especially the case for treatments designed for children. The current study used data from a previously collected sample to explore gender differences in an experimental treatment marketplace (ETM). Experimental treatment marketplaces are generally used to evaluate choices between goods and services (e.g., types of behavior interventions). An ETM was developed to evaluate treatment consumption when levels of evidence differed between …

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Potential Ecological Impacts Of Climate Intervention By Reflecting Sunlight To Cool Earth, P.L. Zarnetske, J. Gurevitch, J. Franklin, P.M. Groffman, C.S. Harrison, J.J. Hellmann, F.M. Hoffman, S. Kothari, A. Robock, S. Tilmes, D. Visioni, J. Wu, L. Xia, C.-E. Yang Jan 2021

Potential Ecological Impacts Of Climate Intervention By Reflecting Sunlight To Cool Earth, P.L. Zarnetske, J. Gurevitch, J. Franklin, P.M. Groffman, C.S. Harrison, J.J. Hellmann, F.M. Hoffman, S. Kothari, A. Robock, S. Tilmes, D. Visioni, J. Wu, L. Xia, C.-E. Yang

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Identifying Global Favourable Habitat For Early Juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles, C.S. Harrison, J.Y. Luo, N.F. Putman, Q. Li, P. Sheevam, K. Krumhardt, J. Stevens, M.C. Long Jan 2021

Identifying Global Favourable Habitat For Early Juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles, C.S. Harrison, J.Y. Luo, N.F. Putman, Q. Li, P. Sheevam, K. Krumhardt, J. Stevens, M.C. Long

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Call-And-Response: Looking Outward From/With Igsa@Nd, Angeletta K.M. Gourdine, Mary Celeste Kearney, Shauna Pomerantz Jan 2021

Call-And-Response: Looking Outward From/With Igsa@Nd, Angeletta K.M. Gourdine, Mary Celeste Kearney, Shauna Pomerantz

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Siah2 Is Expressed In Adipocyte Precursor Cells And Interacts With Ebf1 And Zfp521 To Promote Adipogenesis, Thanh N. Dang, Jessica L. Taylor, Gail Kilroy, Yongmei Yu, David H. Burk, Z. Elizabeth Floyd Jan 2021

Siah2 Is Expressed In Adipocyte Precursor Cells And Interacts With Ebf1 And Zfp521 To Promote Adipogenesis, Thanh N. Dang, Jessica L. Taylor, Gail Kilroy, Yongmei Yu, David H. Burk, Z. Elizabeth Floyd

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Objective: Expression of zinc finger protein 423 (ZFP423), a key proadipogenic transcription factor in adipocyte precursor cells, is regulated by interaction of the proadipogenic early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1) and antiadipogenic ZFP521. The ubiquitin ligase seven-in-absentia homolog 2 (SIAH2) targets ZFP521 for degradation. This study asked whether SIAH2 is expressed in adipocyte precursor cells and whether SIAH2 interacts with ZFP521 and EBF1 to regulate ZFP521 protein levels during adipogenesis. Methods: SIAH2 expression in precursor cells was assessed in primary cells and tissues from wild-type and SIAH2 null mice fed a control or high-fat diet. Primary cells, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and HEK293T …

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Effects Of Caloric Restriction On Human Physiological, Psychological, And Behavioral Outcomes: Highlights From Calerie Phase 2, James L. Dorling, Stephan Van Vliet, Kim M. Huffman, William E. Kraus, Manjushri Bhapkar, Carl F. Pieper, Tiffany Stewart, Sai Krupa Das, Susan B. Racette, Susan B. Roberts, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, Corby K. Martin Jan 2021

Effects Of Caloric Restriction On Human Physiological, Psychological, And Behavioral Outcomes: Highlights From Calerie Phase 2, James L. Dorling, Stephan Van Vliet, Kim M. Huffman, William E. Kraus, Manjushri Bhapkar, Carl F. Pieper, Tiffany Stewart, Sai Krupa Das, Susan B. Racette, Susan B. Roberts, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, Corby K. Martin

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Caloric restriction (CR) is a strategy that attenuates aging in multiple nonhuman species. The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) trials are part of a research program aiming to test the effects of CR on aging and longevity biomarkers in humans. Building on CALERIE phase 1, CALERIE phase 2 (CALERIE 2) was the largest study to date to assess sustained CR in healthy humans without obesity. In a 24-month randomized controlled trial comprising 218 participants at baseline, CALERIE 2 showed that moderate CR, 11.9% on average, induced improvements in aging-related biomarkers without adversely affecting psychological …

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Sympathetic Innervation Of White Adipose Tissue: To Beige Or Not To Beige?, Heike Münzberg, Elizabeth Floyd, Ji Suk Chang Jan 2021

Sympathetic Innervation Of White Adipose Tissue: To Beige Or Not To Beige?, Heike Münzberg, Elizabeth Floyd, Ji Suk Chang

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Obesity research progresses in understanding neuronal circuits and adipocyte biology to regulate metabolism. However, the interface of neuro-adipocyte interaction is less studied. We summarize the current knowledge of adipose tissue innervation and interaction with adipocytes and emphasize adipocyte transitions from white to brown adipocytes and vice versa. We further highlight emerging concepts for the differential neuronal regulation of brown/beige versus white adipocyte and the interdependence of both for metabolic regulation.

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The Ubiquitin Ligase Siah2 Negatively Regulates Glucocorticoid Receptor Activity And Abundance, Susan J. Burke, Jessica L. Taylor, Heidi M. Batdorf, Robert C. Noland, David H. Burk, Yongmei Yu, Z. Elizabeth Floyd, J. Jason Collier Jan 2021

The Ubiquitin Ligase Siah2 Negatively Regulates Glucocorticoid Receptor Activity And Abundance, Susan J. Burke, Jessica L. Taylor, Heidi M. Batdorf, Robert C. Noland, David H. Burk, Yongmei Yu, Z. Elizabeth Floyd, J. Jason Collier

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Glucocorticoids are clinically essential drugs used routinely to control inflammation. However, a host of metabolic side effects manifests upon usage beyond a few days. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that seven-in-absentia mammalian homolog-2 (SIAH2), a ubiquitin ligase that regulates adipogenesis, is important for controlling adipocyte size, inflammation, and the ability of adipose tissue to expand in response to a glucocorticoid challenge. Using mice with global deletion of SIAH2 exposed or not to corticosterone, we found that adipocytes are larger in response to glucocorticoids in the absence of SIAH2. In addition, SIAH2 regulates glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transcriptional activity …

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Bioenergetics Of Islet Preparations In A Pilot Clinical Trial Of Peri-Transplant Hydroxychloroquine For Autologous Islet Transplantation, Ruth E. Mcdowell, Khawla F. Ali, Saloni Lad, Vicente T. San Martin, Rita Bottino, Matthew Walsh, Tyler Stevens, William Wilke, John P. Kirwan, Betul Hatipoglu Jan 2021

Bioenergetics Of Islet Preparations In A Pilot Clinical Trial Of Peri-Transplant Hydroxychloroquine For Autologous Islet Transplantation, Ruth E. Mcdowell, Khawla F. Ali, Saloni Lad, Vicente T. San Martin, Rita Bottino, Matthew Walsh, Tyler Stevens, William Wilke, John P. Kirwan, Betul Hatipoglu

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

The inflammatory response is an obstacle to success in both allogeneic and autologous islet transplantation. In autologous islet transplantation (AIT), however, the recipient is also the donor, permitting pretreatment of donor/recipient for a controlled duration prior to transplantation. We sought to exploit this feature of (AIT) by pretreating donor/recipients with chronic pancreatitis undergoing total pancreatectomy and autologous islet transplantation (TPAIT) to test the hypothesis that peri-transplant treatment with the FDA-approved anti-inflammatory hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) improves graft function. In this randomized placebo-controlled pilot clinical study, patients (n = 6) were treated with oral HCQ for 30 days prior to and 90 days …

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Beyond Weight Loss: Current Perspectives On The Impact Of Calorie Restriction On Healthspan And Lifespan, Maryam Kebbe, Joshua R. Sparks, Emily W. Flanagan, Leanne M. Redman Jan 2021

Beyond Weight Loss: Current Perspectives On The Impact Of Calorie Restriction On Healthspan And Lifespan, Maryam Kebbe, Joshua R. Sparks, Emily W. Flanagan, Leanne M. Redman

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Introduction: Changes to mental, physical, and physiological functions drive the complex processes underlying the variable progression of human aging. Nutritional interventions are one of the most promising non-pharmacological therapeutics to attenuate aging in humans. This narrative review aims to describe the implications of moderate and prolonged calorie restriction (CR) in healthy adults without obesity that occur beyond weight loss. Areas covered: Findings from CR studies, such as the CALERIE (Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy) trials, the most rigorous trials to date examining a prolonged 25% CR, are described. The main areas covered include; changes to …

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