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Locker Room To The Classroom, Bert Wicks
Locker Room To The Classroom, Bert Wicks
Masters Theses
This thesis sought to explore the feasibility of using graduated collegiate athletes to supplement teaching populations to mitigate the teaching shortage in America. The researcher interviewed five professionals in education and five current college athletes to assist in answering two research questions. What are the perceptions of school administrators regarding the employment of former collegiate athletes as public-school teachers, in comparison to educators with formal academic training in education, and what are the attitudes of current and former collegiate athletes on the prospects of pursuing careers in public school teaching relative to employment opportunities aligned with their academic major were …
A Next Generation Ministry Milestone Model For Strategic Discipleship At Warren Grovetown, Brandy L. Behne
A Next Generation Ministry Milestone Model For Strategic Discipleship At Warren Grovetown, Brandy L. Behne
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This Dissertation-in-Praxis addressed the need to shift from a siloed ministry model to a cohesive milestone model for the Next Generation ministry at Warren Grovetown in order to build a more parent-equipping driven ministry with a strategic discipleship plan. The rationale for this project stemmed from the exodus of young adults leaving the church following high school graduation and the deficit of parents understanding how to be spiritual leaders in their homes as their children matured from infants through young adulthood. The current siloed model highlighted the need for ministry cohesiveness as children developed through preschool, children, and student ministry, …
An Empirical Analysis Of Augmented Reality’S Impact On Fan Engagement And Behavioral Intention To Use: A Technology Acceptance Model Study Among U.S.-Based Major League Soccer Fans, Gozde Sezgun
Masters Theses
Although augmented reality (AR) is becoming a routine part of how sport is consumed, evidence specific to Major League Soccer (MLS) remains limited. This study applies the technology acceptance model (TAM) to examine how perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) relate to behavioral intention to use (BI) and to two experience outcomes−fan engagement and fan satisfaction in the MLS context. The study is a nonexperimental, cross-sectional online survey of U.S.-based adult MLS fans with prior exposure to AR in an MLS context, including live stat overlays, in-stadium wayfinding, interactive replays, and virtual try-ons. Constructs were measured with …
The Effect Of Transfer Student Enrollment On The Overall Gpa In Division I Men’S Basketball, Emme Hurn
The Effect Of Transfer Student Enrollment On The Overall Gpa In Division I Men’S Basketball, Emme Hurn
Masters Theses
The study explored the impact that transfer student-athletes have on the overall Grade Point Average (GPA) of a team in Division I Men’s Basketball. Through the use of Alexander Astin’s Input-Environment-Output model, academic preparation and environments were examined to determine their role in academic outcomes. The purpose of this research was to test this theory in order to answer three key research questions: Is there a statistically significant difference in overall team GPA when comparing Division I men’s basketball teams with a high number of transfer student-athletes, and teams with no transfer student-athletes? What is the relationship between the number …
An Experimental Investigation Of Guest Trust In Hospitality Contexts Comparing Personalized And Written Recommendations, Cortina Hendrickson, Emma Campbell, Lauren Riefenstahl, Sophia White
An Experimental Investigation Of Guest Trust In Hospitality Contexts Comparing Personalized And Written Recommendations, Cortina Hendrickson, Emma Campbell, Lauren Riefenstahl, Sophia White
Liberty University Research Week
This study will investigate the relationship between personalized recommendations or a pre-made list of suggestions versus the guests' trust in the recommendation. The hypothesis is that visitors who get a personal, unscripted recommendation from a hotel employee will gain a higher trust score than visitors who only get the list of suggestions that are already made. Many studies have been conducted on the guests’ perception of scripted recommendations; however, there is very little data comparing the level of trust a guest has in a pre-made or a personalized recommendation. This research proposes the use of a 5-point Likert Scale survey …
Post-Games Adaptive Reuse And Long-Term Sustainability Of Summer Olympic Villages: A Comparative Multi-Case Study, Meron Wells, Carolyn Crotts, Ella Fancher, Emma Frantz, Jordyn Meunier
Post-Games Adaptive Reuse And Long-Term Sustainability Of Summer Olympic Villages: A Comparative Multi-Case Study, Meron Wells, Carolyn Crotts, Ella Fancher, Emma Frantz, Jordyn Meunier
Liberty University Research Week
No abstract provided.
Helmet Design Advancements Impacting Head Injuries In The Nfl, Lucas Slear, Cole Swiader, Jackson Katona, Ryan Valliere
Helmet Design Advancements Impacting Head Injuries In The Nfl, Lucas Slear, Cole Swiader, Jackson Katona, Ryan Valliere
Liberty University Research Week
This research study will investigate how helmet designs in the National Football League have changed in response to concussion concerns and player safety. Development of soft-shell helmet technology (Guardian Caps) and advancements in the padding inside of NFL helmets have caused concussion numbers to decrease and have caused head injuries to be less severe in the NFL over the last 25 years. The severity of these head injuries can be seen in recovery time for NFL players after sustaining a concussion. Our study aims to address the question: “How have advancements helmet design and engineering in the NFL impacted the …
Youth Sport Specialization And Overuse Injury Risk Among Athletes Ages 8–14: A Quantitative Comparative Study, Brian Anderson, Austin Lay, Cameron Roark, Colsen Debold, Walker Mooney
Youth Sport Specialization And Overuse Injury Risk Among Athletes Ages 8–14: A Quantitative Comparative Study, Brian Anderson, Austin Lay, Cameron Roark, Colsen Debold, Walker Mooney
Liberty University Research Week
This research paper examines the relationship between youth sport specialization and injury risk among athletes ages 8-14. The study specifically investigates whether athletes in this age range who participate in a single sport year-round minimum 8 months experience higher rates of overuse and season ending injuries compared to athletes who play multiple sports year-round. Early specialization in sport has become increasingly common as families pursue elite competition and scholarship opportunities. However, concerns have grown regarding repetitive stress and overuse injuries in young athletes whose bodies are still developing. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a …
Balancing Risk And Reward: Examining Offensive Rebound Rates And Points Per Possession In Di Men’S College Basketball, Quinten Chiarizzio, Braden Chupp, Joshua Hines, Conor Guiltinan
Balancing Risk And Reward: Examining Offensive Rebound Rates And Points Per Possession In Di Men’S College Basketball, Quinten Chiarizzio, Braden Chupp, Joshua Hines, Conor Guiltinan
Liberty University Research Week
This study aims to investigate how the number of offensive rebounders attempting to rebound a missed shot affects the offensive rebounding rate and the points per possession of the offensive team. Offensive rebounding rate is a strong indicator of success in basketball and can drastically improve a team's efficiency. Some research has been done at the NBA level, yet little research has been done at the college level into maximizing this rate without jeopardizing the defensive end. This study aims to address the research question: "How does the number of offensive rebounders impact the offensive rebounding rate and points per …
Instagram, Tiktok, And Athlete Identity: Exploring Social Comparison In Subjectively Judged Youth Sports, Jenna Moffat, Brooklyn Woodard, Danner Allen, Greta Snukis, Kalie Orefice
Instagram, Tiktok, And Athlete Identity: Exploring Social Comparison In Subjectively Judged Youth Sports, Jenna Moffat, Brooklyn Woodard, Danner Allen, Greta Snukis, Kalie Orefice
Liberty University Research Week
This study aims to examine the effects of social media platforms, Instagram and TikTok, on the mental health of adolescent athletes who are in subjective sports. Many athletes look at other athletes' performances on social media or scroll on Instagram or TikTok without realizing the harm that it can cause to their mental health and individual performance. When referring to mental health, athletes are specifically being asked about anxiety and depression, and if they notice an increase in these mental health symptoms or struggle with comparison after looking at these platforms. The research question is: How does comparison negatively impact …
Financial Return On Investment Of Super Bowl Advertising: A Six-Month Post-Air Sales Analysis, Emma Jennings, Hannah Wood, Jenna Nicely, Kaleb Macklin
Financial Return On Investment Of Super Bowl Advertising: A Six-Month Post-Air Sales Analysis, Emma Jennings, Hannah Wood, Jenna Nicely, Kaleb Macklin
Liberty University Research Week
This proposed study aims to examine the return on investment (ROI) of Super Bowl advertisements for individual companies utilizing a comparison of six-month periods before and after the commercials are originally aired at the game. The Super Bowl is a highly favored social event where millions of people gather both in person on location and around television screens. Whether it is the teams, the half-time show, or the commercials, there is clearly something about this event that brings people together, and the publicity does not go unnoticed. Companies pay millions of dollars for a 30-second advertisement. This begs the question …
Disaster Relief Integration And Public Funding Allocation In Professional Sports Venues: A Comparative Analysis, Jayden Jackson, Andrew Holzapfel, Emma Cromer, Madison Yeager, Tyler Ondrea
Disaster Relief Integration And Public Funding Allocation In Professional Sports Venues: A Comparative Analysis, Jayden Jackson, Andrew Holzapfel, Emma Cromer, Madison Yeager, Tyler Ondrea
Liberty University Research Week
There is a documented, ever-rising cost associated with the construction and maintenance of professional sport stadiums across the United States, especially in the southern states. While the public subsidies that support these stadiums remain highly debated among policymakers, taxpayers, economists, and community stakeholders, many facilities serve as mission-ready, high-utility community hubs during public disasters such as hurricanes, floods, and other large-scale emergencies. This study investigates whether a connection exists between a venue’s disaster relief utility and the total public subsidy it receives post-disaster over a defined period of time. Grounded in Social Exchange Theory, the study aims to determine if …
Predictors Of Home Game Attendance In Ncaa Division I Softball: A Case Study Of Liberty University., Luke Barnett, Grace Bennett, Micah Dannelly, Moses Batchelor, Zachary Wood
Predictors Of Home Game Attendance In Ncaa Division I Softball: A Case Study Of Liberty University., Luke Barnett, Grace Bennett, Micah Dannelly, Moses Batchelor, Zachary Wood
Liberty University Research Week
This study investigates the attendance of the Liberty Softball Program. The reason for this study is due to the success of the softball team. In 2025, the team defeated the number one seed in the country, Texas A&M, and advanced to super regionals in the college softball playoff. This is an achievement for any school, but especially for a school that is the size of Liberty. However, Liberty averages low attendance numbers, even in these recent years of on the field success. In this, what is the relationship between team performance, game factors, and home game attendance for the Liberty …
The Role Of Artificial Intelligence In Division I Collegiate Scouting: A Qualitative Study Of Recruiter Perspectives, Leah Watson, Jonah Kirschner, Joseph Ebenroth, Max-Alain Pierre-Pierre, Micah Witt
The Role Of Artificial Intelligence In Division I Collegiate Scouting: A Qualitative Study Of Recruiter Perspectives, Leah Watson, Jonah Kirschner, Joseph Ebenroth, Max-Alain Pierre-Pierre, Micah Witt
Liberty University Research Week
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a fairly new and prevalent part of collegiate athletics, especially in how teams examine and scout athletes. Scouting is the process of watching and evaluating athletes’ performance with the intent of recruitment. The purpose of this study is to explore how division 1 collegiate recruiting teams can use AI as a tool to guide them in their process of scouting. Traditionally, scouting involves a lot of travel, film watching, and stress on team scouts, which can bring about problems such as emotional and opinionated decisions, whereas AI could bring a more statistical, less stressful scouting process. …
Injury Risk On Nfl Playing Surfaces: A Comparison Of Natural Grass And Artificial Turf, Caden Woosley, Jonathan Taylor, Joseph Layne, Luke Whelan, Ryan Delaney
Injury Risk On Nfl Playing Surfaces: A Comparison Of Natural Grass And Artificial Turf, Caden Woosley, Jonathan Taylor, Joseph Layne, Luke Whelan, Ryan Delaney
Liberty University Research Week
No abstract provided.
The Impact Of Minimum Age Policies On Concussion Incidences In Youth Tackle Football, Andrew Garrett, Colby Douglas Green, Colin Ropella, Josiah Schrock
The Impact Of Minimum Age Policies On Concussion Incidences In Youth Tackle Football, Andrew Garrett, Colby Douglas Green, Colin Ropella, Josiah Schrock
Liberty University Research Week
This study examines whether raising the minimum age for participation in youth tackle football reduces the incidence of concussions and other brain injuries among young athletes. Concussions and long-term neurological conditions like CTE have become a growing concern in youth football, particularly given the sport’s widespread popularity across the United States. While various leagues have experimented with different minimum age requirements, it remains unclear whether delaying full-contact play meaningfully reduces brain injury risk or produces no significant difference in outcomes. Grounded in developmental exposure framework, which suggests that limiting contact during early developmental stages reduces cumulative head impacts over time, …
“Be Early, Be Loud, Wear Red”: An Ethnographic Study Of The Performance Of Liberty University Football Fan Identity And Boundaries, Cathryn Thomas
“Be Early, Be Loud, Wear Red”: An Ethnographic Study Of The Performance Of Liberty University Football Fan Identity And Boundaries, Cathryn Thomas
Liberty University Research Week
Social identity theory explains how college sports fandom can shape both social and personal identities, particularly through the formation of in-groups and out-groups based on identification with a team and opposition to rivals. Sports fans often communicate and behave in ways that signal their membership in the in-group while simultaneously distinguishing or excluding out-group members. This study examines how Liberty University football fans perform these in-group behaviors and how they mark boundaries with out-group members. Through observations made during a Liberty University Homecoming football game, the study deepens understanding of how sports fans construct belonging and unbelonging, and how these …
Exploring The Possibility Of A Salary Floor In Major League Baseball (Mlb), Tyler Michael Jones
Exploring The Possibility Of A Salary Floor In Major League Baseball (Mlb), Tyler Michael Jones
Masters Theses
This non-experimental quantitative study examined the relationship between team payroll disparities, fan engagement, and perceptions of fairness in Major League Baseball (MLB). Guided by Competitive Balance Theory, the study sought to determine if perceived fairness influenced fan support for the implementation of a salary floor, and whether those attitudes differed across demographic and team context. Data were collected from 200 adult MLB fans residing in the United States and Canada using an online survey distributed via social media platforms. The instrument included demographic items and Likert-scale measures assessing fairness perceptions, fan engagement, and policy support. Data were analyzed using hierarchical …
Nascar's Transformation From Regional Pastime To National Spectacle, 1990 To 2004, Brett James
Nascar's Transformation From Regional Pastime To National Spectacle, 1990 To 2004, Brett James
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
NASCAR, the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, experienced a rapid rise in popularity during the 1990s and early 2000s. Although the sport originated in the postwar southeastern United States and initially drew a largely regional fan base, by the late-1990s it enjoyed a national following and expanded its race schedule across the country. During this period, NASCAR underwent significant changes that affected nearly every aspect of the sport, including its drivers, manufacturers, and the format determining the season champion. Led by the France family, the sport’s owners since its inception in 1948, the industry pursued these changes in …
The Role Of Social Media Criticism In Shaping The Self-Perception And Professional Identity Of Female Sports Journalists, Hanna M. Cooper
The Role Of Social Media Criticism In Shaping The Self-Perception And Professional Identity Of Female Sports Journalists, Hanna M. Cooper
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This research explored the types of criticisms female sports journalists receive on social media and the impacts these criticisms have on self-perception and professional identity through an emergent, qualitative research design. This research used the communication theory of identity as the theoretical framework. This dissertation aimed to explore the lived experiences of female sports journalists. The study included 23 semi-structured interviews with female sports journalists who covered football, baseball, or basketball and had an active X account. The experiences of the women were used to conduct a thematic analysis that discovered primary themes related to types of criticisms (gender, appearance, …
Examination Of Sportscasters To Understand The Key Overlapping Traits And Skills Exhibited, Jason Prill
Examination Of Sportscasters To Understand The Key Overlapping Traits And Skills Exhibited, Jason Prill
Masters Theses
The world of sportscasting is a growing and crowded field. Due to its appeal, the field itself has become competitive with a few select broadcasters holding the most coveted positions. These broadcasters have set themselves apart in their skills, leading to their placement at the pinnacle of the industry. However, a lack of research has presented a gap in the field on what skills are most dominant for successful sportscasters. As an understudied avenue, sportscasting often goes overlooked in traditional research due to its misnomer as a “fun” profession. The following presents an in-depth look at high-level sportscasters to find …
Event Conclusion, Liberty University
Event Conclusion, Liberty University
Sport Leadership Summit
The Sport Leadership Summit (SLS) provided emerging sport professionals an opportunity to engage with industry leaders. Participants learned to identify best practices and applied relevant research while developing meaningful relationships with other sport professionals. Speakers came from a variety of organizations and addressed current industry topics. The SLS included panel discussions, keynote speakers, research presentations, and professional development sessions focused on equipping students for the next phases of their career development.
High Turnover On The Menu - Understanding Post-Covid Employee Retention Rates Within Public Assembly Venues In New York City, Liberty University
High Turnover On The Menu - Understanding Post-Covid Employee Retention Rates Within Public Assembly Venues In New York City, Liberty University
Sport Leadership Summit
This study explores food and beverage employee turnover rates within sport venues in New York City. The topic holds public interest due to the documented correlation between guest satisfaction and employee satisfaction. It is ethical and feasible, focusing on real-world management challenges in the hospitality industry. By narrowing the scope to a specific population, the study aims to provide actionable insights into employee retention in a post-Covid landscape.
Ai In Hospitality - Guest Satisfaction With Humanoid Robot (Aura) At The Las Vegas Sphere, Liberty University
Ai In Hospitality - Guest Satisfaction With Humanoid Robot (Aura) At The Las Vegas Sphere, Liberty University
Sport Leadership Summit
Our topic focuses on guest satisfaction with the increasing use of AI in hospitality. The article “A.I. The Rise of Artificial Intelligence” shows how AI improves guest satisfaction and their overall experience. The Sphere in Las Vegas uses AI heavily in large-scale events, making it an ideal focus. We will use surveys and interviews with guests that could provide insight into satisfaction with AI (Figure 1). The questions we would use only gather opinions, staying within ethical standards. Focusing on one venue keeps the proposal manageable while offering valuable insight into how guests perceive AI in hospitality and tourism.
Balancing Pressure And Support - Examining Burnout And Mental Health In Teenage Athletes, Liberty University
Balancing Pressure And Support - Examining Burnout And Mental Health In Teenage Athletes, Liberty University
Sport Leadership Summit
Analyzing the relationship between coaching styles and athlete burnout. It is an important and interesting topic because over the last few years participation in youth sports has dropped, this is an issue because sports teach valuable lessons. The topic is plausible because it can survey athletes and use that information to help.
Development Pathways In Soccer - A Comparative Study Of U.S. Academies, Ncaa Programs, And European Systems, Liberty University
Development Pathways In Soccer - A Comparative Study Of U.S. Academies, Ncaa Programs, And European Systems, Liberty University
Sport Leadership Summit
This study seeks to compare the soccer development pathways of U.S. youth club academy systems, NCAA collegiate programs, and European youth club academy systems. Along with this, the research aims to identify what creates a factor of success. Additionally, it will focus on what specifically the club and college systems are doing collectively to develop their rosters. This comparison offers value in that it provides cumulative information on the biggest developmental soccer programs in the world. Additionally, it brings to light the differences amongst the pathways to better showcase factors of success and allow for future improvements to be made …
Exploring Fan Engagement Strategies In Ncaa Division I Athletics - A Descriptive Study, Liberty University
Exploring Fan Engagement Strategies In Ncaa Division I Athletics - A Descriptive Study, Liberty University
Sport Leadership Summit
College athletic programs live off the support of their passionate fans. Whether lifelong supporters or casual viewers, these fans help keep programs thriving. Despite strong environments and culture, some schools struggle to maintain fan engagement year after year. This study seeks to understand what top Division I programs do to keep fans engaged through attendance, financial giving, and viewership. The findings aim to address the problem of unengaged fans and help build stronger, more successful athletic programs.
Flipping Commitments - Exploring Factors Behind College Football Recruiting De-Commitments, Liberty University
Flipping Commitments - Exploring Factors Behind College Football Recruiting De-Commitments, Liberty University
Sport Leadership Summit
While recruiting de-commitments are widely reported in the media, there is little scholarly research on their causes and implications. This study will help fill that gap by analyzing the factors influencing de-commitments in Power Four football.
From Snacks To Seats - Examining The Influence Of Concessions On Return Attendance For Liberty University Hockey, Liberty University
From Snacks To Seats - Examining The Influence Of Concessions On Return Attendance For Liberty University Hockey, Liberty University
Sport Leadership Summit
This study will explore the correlation between attendees’ levels of satisfaction with concessions at Liberty University men’s club sports D1 hockey games and their return attendance at future games. The insights derived from this research will inform collegiate hockey programs’ event concessions and attendance practices.
From Tradition To Transaction - The Role Of Nil In Shaping College Football Recruiting Culture, Liberty University
From Tradition To Transaction - The Role Of Nil In Shaping College Football Recruiting Culture, Liberty University
Sport Leadership Summit
This study assesses how current changing rules with NIL (Name, Image, and Likeness) and revenue sharing are impacting the recruiting world—specifically how they influence prospective NCAA Division I football student-athlete decision-making. The topic is timely and ethical, addressing how recruiting strategies and athlete priorities are shifting due to evolving NCAA policies. It has drawn attention from fans, staff, and athletes, and even reached the Supreme Court, making it a relevant and impactful area of inquiry.