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Investigating The Effects Of Biological Sex And Academic Qualifications On Teacher Self-Efficacy Among Middle School Teachers In Ghana: A Causal Comparative Study, Enock Yeng Apr 2026

Investigating The Effects Of Biological Sex And Academic Qualifications On Teacher Self-Efficacy Among Middle School Teachers In Ghana: A Causal Comparative Study, Enock Yeng

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative, causal comparative study was to investigate the differences in teacher self-efficacy among middle school teachers in Ghana based on biological sex and academic qualifications. This study investigated the effects of biological sex (male or female) and academic qualifications (associate, bachelor’s, or master’s degree) on teacher self-efficacy among 196 middle school teachers in the Effutu Municipality (Winneba) in the central region of Ghana. The study addressed the ambiguity of how academic preparation and demographic characteristics shape a teacher's confidence to positively impact student learning. Data were collected using the teachers' sense of efficacy scale, and a …


Trauma Bonding In Sex-Trafficked Women: A Single-Subject Multiple-Baseline Mixed Methods Study, Kathysue Dorey Apr 2026

Trauma Bonding In Sex-Trafficked Women: A Single-Subject Multiple-Baseline Mixed Methods Study, Kathysue Dorey

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Trauma bonding was studied in a convergent mixed methods single-subject multiple-baseline experiment research design that captured the lived experiences of female sex-trafficked victims. The relationship between the transtheoretical treatment program as the independent variable and the dependent variables of trauma bonding, the ESI framework of EQ, creative problem-solving, Christian doctrine, and the creative environment were investigated. While the moderated mediation Hayes Model 89 statistical program initially was proposed to analyze quantitative data, the study design was revised to reflect the N = 2 subject pool. The TBRP–A, EQi® 2.0, SAI, and PEFSC were used as quantitative instruments, along with their …


Impact Of Hierarchical Organizational Structures On Gen-Z Turnover Intention, Mason W. Doty Apr 2026

Impact Of Hierarchical Organizational Structures On Gen-Z Turnover Intention, Mason W. Doty

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This research project sought to address the influence hierarchical organizational structures have on Gen-Z turnover intention. Technological advancements coupled with Gen-Z entering the workforce with their unique perspectives and expectations have sparked a new phenomenon of “job-hopping.” This research focused on U.S. servicemembers and Department of War civilian employees that are employed at a military installation in Texas to evaluate turnover intention as a direct result of their hierarchical organizational structure. This research featured two survey instruments: the 6-item Turnover Intention Scale (TIS) and 25-item Expanded Multidimensional Turnover Intention Scale (EMTIS) to identify potential correlations in turnover intention across the …


The Perceived Influence Of Co-Curricular Support Systems On The Educational Leadership And Development Of High-School-Aged Children In Single-Parent Homes In South Florida: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study, Jonathan A. Biles Apr 2026

The Perceived Influence Of Co-Curricular Support Systems On The Educational Leadership And Development Of High-School-Aged Children In Single-Parent Homes In South Florida: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study, Jonathan A. Biles

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to describe the perceptions of co-curricular support systems regarding the educational leadership and development of high-school-aged children in single-parent homes in South Florida. Focusing on the Tri-County area of South Florida, the theory guiding this research is Erik Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development, which pertain to the adolescent stage of development. The central research question was: What is the perception of co-curricular activities' influence on the academic achievement of adolescent-aged students raised in single-parent homes? Using multiple data collection methods: questionnaires, personal interviews, and focus groups, the data gathered was used …


Establishing The St. Paul Ame Church’S Community Youth Chaplain Ministry To Equip African American Youth To Manage Their Mental, Emotional, And Spiritual Health, Michelle A. Creer Apr 2026

Establishing The St. Paul Ame Church’S Community Youth Chaplain Ministry To Equip African American Youth To Manage Their Mental, Emotional, And Spiritual Health, Michelle A. Creer

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

African American youth face a myriad of challenges that negatively impact their well-being. As such, this study explores the role of community youth chaplaincy interventions in helping African American youth manage their mental, emotional, and spiritual health. The study focused on training the trainers who will guide and support the young people. The training and self-application/intervention centered on building resilience, identity formation, addressing racial trauma, and nurturing spiritual growth through understanding that God created participants in His image and their identity is in Christ. Nine adult participants who are engaged in churches and activities within the African American community, contributed …


Career And Technical Education Faculty Members' Attitudes Toward Assessment: A Case Study, Cecelia R. Brewer Apr 2026

Career And Technical Education Faculty Members' Attitudes Toward Assessment: A Case Study, Cecelia R. Brewer

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this case study was to understand career and technical education (CTE) faculty members’ attitudes toward assessment at a community college in Kansas. This study explored how faculty members perceived and engaged with outcomes assessment, including their beliefs about its effectiveness, their level of influence in assessment-related decisions, and their sense of being valued within a culture of assessment. The research questions were: 1) What are faculty members’ attitudes toward various assessment methods in career and technical education, including the assessment of both knowledge and skills?, 2) How much do faculty members believe assessment contributes to improving teaching …


Intergenerational Apologetics: A Strategy For Careful Confidence, Thomas C. Farley Apr 2026

Intergenerational Apologetics: A Strategy For Careful Confidence, Thomas C. Farley

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

There is a subtle confusion between the objectives of evangelism and apologetics, leaving Open Door Baptist Church (ODBC) seniors unknowingly ill-equipped and intimidated to defend their Christian values. The purpose of this Doctor of Ministry research was to address that intimidation by training seniors in a dedicated faith-values curriculum to become confident apologetic communicators. The intervention leveraged the process of intergenerational values-sharing while training stakeholders to develop their own faith narratives by seamlessly integrating biblical values with relevant apologetic particulars into personal stories to be shared with their grandchildren. In this environment, participants could develop a personal faith narrative that …


The Shared Experiences Of Learning Forgiveness Of Oneself Using The Reach Forgiveness Model For Those With Chronic Illnesses And Disabilities, Diane Delezene Browers Apr 2026

The Shared Experiences Of Learning Forgiveness Of Oneself Using The Reach Forgiveness Model For Those With Chronic Illnesses And Disabilities, Diane Delezene Browers

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological research study was to understand the shared lived experiences of disabled persons after using self-forgiveness coping skills. The theory guiding this study is Lazarus and Folkman’s stress and coping theory, which explores the ability of a person to manage stressors when the mind is overwhelmed and the ability to cope with stress falters. Furthermore, the stress and coping model of forgiveness, which was developed lessen stress by using forgiveness as a coping strategy, and critical disability theory are foundational to this study with specific relation to chronic illness, mental health, and ableism. The principal …


The Lived Experiences Of Community College Faculty Working With Students With Cross-Categorical Disabilities: A Phenomenological Study, Michelle Rosalie Amenta Apr 2026

The Lived Experiences Of Community College Faculty Working With Students With Cross-Categorical Disabilities: A Phenomenological Study, Michelle Rosalie Amenta

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to describe the preparedness towards disability for faculty members at community colleges. The theory guiding this study was Oliver’s social model of disability, as the theory explained the relationship between environmental, institutional, and attitudinal barriers and disabilities. The central research question was: What are the lived experiences of community college faculty who instruct students that self-disclose their cross-categorical disabilities? The research sample included thirteen faculty members from community colleges in varied disciplines across the United States. Data collection consisted of individual interviews and focus groups, with analysis using Moustakas’ modified Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen Method …


A Father To The Fatherless: A Trauma-Informed Care Ministry For Fatherless Fathers, Delmus L. Gillis Apr 2026

A Father To The Fatherless: A Trauma-Informed Care Ministry For Fatherless Fathers, Delmus L. Gillis

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This DMIN action research project proposed that the Bethlehem Baptist Church (BBC) did not develop ministries that specifically addressed the persistent unbiblical endemic of fatherlessness within its congregation. The initial tragedy of fatherlessness can be transformed into the beautiful design of godly families when proper attention is given to the root cause of damaged relationships and effective means of correcting abnormalities are properly instituted in the church. Therefore, the researcher created the Trauma-Informed Care Ministry for Fatherless Fathers to guide fathers who experienced fatherlessness into a biblical model of fatherhood. When the church remains silent on important matters of faith, …


Sexual Scripts In Conflict: Does Religiosity Moderate The Relationship Between Pornography Use And Permissive Sexuality?, Alex D. Castaneda Apr 2026

Sexual Scripts In Conflict: Does Religiosity Moderate The Relationship Between Pornography Use And Permissive Sexuality?, Alex D. Castaneda

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The sexual script acquisition, activation, and application model (3AM) posits that viewing pornography leads to the internalization of the scripts implicitly and explicitly depicted. Recent research indicates that pornography viewing is associated with more permissive sexuality. Religious individuals, especially conservative Christians, report greater distress from their pornography use, and research has investigated the role of religiosity in pornography-related outcomes. Religiosity has been shown to protect against pornography exposure and buffer against the internalization of the pornographic script. Sexual script theory posits that individuals with existing scripts that are more deeply held will be less susceptible to new, contradictory scripts. This …


Fostering Ubuntu In Countering The Spread Of Terrorist Ideologies In Africa: A Case Study Of The East African Community (Eac), Paul Aginnah Apr 2026

Fostering Ubuntu In Countering The Spread Of Terrorist Ideologies In Africa: A Case Study Of The East African Community (Eac), Paul Aginnah

Helms School of Government Spring Public Policy Conference

No abstract provided.


Beyond Therapy Culture: Solutions For Our Digital Hubris, Spiritual Bankruptcy, And The Moral Imperative Of Humility, Giancarlo Newsome, Andrew Bibb, Merrick Davis Apr 2026

Beyond Therapy Culture: Solutions For Our Digital Hubris, Spiritual Bankruptcy, And The Moral Imperative Of Humility, Giancarlo Newsome, Andrew Bibb, Merrick Davis

Helms School of Government Spring Public Policy Conference

No abstract provided.


Manipulation Behind The Pro-Choice Movement, Madeline S. Schlautman Apr 2026

Manipulation Behind The Pro-Choice Movement, Madeline S. Schlautman

Helms School of Government Spring Public Policy Conference

No abstract provided.


Psycological Effects Of Problem Gambling On Adolescents, William Mccain Apr 2026

Psycological Effects Of Problem Gambling On Adolescents, William Mccain

Helms School of Government Spring Public Policy Conference

No abstract provided.


When Morals And Systems Fail: Understanding The Roots Of Youth Violence, Alex Perry Apr 2026

When Morals And Systems Fail: Understanding The Roots Of Youth Violence, Alex Perry

Helms School of Government Spring Public Policy Conference

No abstract provided.


Cannabis Reclassification: Economic, Legal, And Ethical Implications Of Executive Order 12866, David Bolton Apr 2026

Cannabis Reclassification: Economic, Legal, And Ethical Implications Of Executive Order 12866, David Bolton

Helms School of Government Spring Public Policy Conference

No abstract provided.


Predictive Modeling In Social Media Deepfake Identification, Samuel Whatley Ii Apr 2026

Predictive Modeling In Social Media Deepfake Identification, Samuel Whatley Ii

Helms School of Government Spring Public Policy Conference

No abstract provided.


Private Property In The Social Contract: Locke Versus Rousseau, Adam Opp Apr 2026

Private Property In The Social Contract: Locke Versus Rousseau, Adam Opp

Helms School of Government Spring Public Policy Conference

No abstract provided.


Epistemological Take On The Problem Of Evil: St. Augustine Vs. Rousseau, Emma Burns Apr 2026

Epistemological Take On The Problem Of Evil: St. Augustine Vs. Rousseau, Emma Burns

Helms School of Government Spring Public Policy Conference

No abstract provided.


Issue 4 - Arete Newsletter - 2025, Liberty University Apr 2026

Issue 4 - Arete Newsletter - 2025, Liberty University

Arete Newsletter

Spring 2026


A Comprehensive Marketing Plan For Calvary Christian Academy, Emily Piwowarski Apr 2026

A Comprehensive Marketing Plan For Calvary Christian Academy, Emily Piwowarski

Senior Honors Theses

Marketing strategies have been implemented by companies for years. The outline of a marketing plan requires businesses to do extensive research on the industry they plan to enter, including evaluating the political, environmental, social, technological, economical, and legal factors that are affecting it. This research helps to form the marketing mix–the product, price, promotion, and place strategies-–which determine what the business will offer the industry and how it will make this offer. A business will then use marketing tactics to reach its target audience. Tactics that have risen along with the advancement of technology are social media marketing and search …


Epigenetic Mechanisms For Mediating The Transmission Of Prenatal Maternal Stress And Associated Neurodevelopmental Outcomes, Kaylee Vis Apr 2026

Epigenetic Mechanisms For Mediating The Transmission Of Prenatal Maternal Stress And Associated Neurodevelopmental Outcomes, Kaylee Vis

Senior Honors Theses

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the primary stress response system responsible for regulating cortisol release. During pregnancy, maternal stress can dysregulate the HPA axis, leading to elevated cortisol and corticosterone levels that impact fetal development. Excessive prenatal exposure to stress has been associated with alterations in fetal brain structure and function, increasing the risk for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and anxiety. Emerging research supports the idea that these neurodevelopmental effects may be transmitted through epigenetic mechanisms. However, a gap remains in the literature regarding the specific mechanism of interaction between environmental stressors, heritable epigenetic information, …


Tetrahydrocannabinol: The Extraction And Analysis Of Thc Metabolites From Urine Via Sle And Lc-Ms/Ms, Kaycee A. Smith Apr 2026

Tetrahydrocannabinol: The Extraction And Analysis Of Thc Metabolites From Urine Via Sle And Lc-Ms/Ms, Kaycee A. Smith

Senior Honors Theses

Over the past few decades, widespread cannabis legalization has substantially increased forensic toxicology casework throughout the United States (National Institute of Justice, 2019). Washington state, an early adopter of recreational cannabis legalization, reflects this trend with toxicology laboratories reporting a 59% increase in annual case submissions since 2014 (Goldstein-Street, 2026). Current cannabinoid analysis methods involving liquid – liquid extraction (LLE) coupled with gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are time consuming, labor-intensive, and require chemical derivatization and pH modification prior to analysis. To manage growing caseloads, an efficient method capable of consistently and reliably detecting THC is critical. The goal …


Behind The Suit: How Recovering A Biblical Worldview And Implementing Spiritual Formation Practices Can Improve The Mental Health Crisis In The Legal Profession, Makayla G. Johnson Apr 2026

Behind The Suit: How Recovering A Biblical Worldview And Implementing Spiritual Formation Practices Can Improve The Mental Health Crisis In The Legal Profession, Makayla G. Johnson

Senior Honors Theses

A Biblical worldview is the foundation upon which the United States government and legal system is built, however in recent years the understanding of a Biblical Worldview has been in decline. This shift has had a profound impact on the legal field, causing a loss of purpose and meaning in the profession, which research asserts has in part caused many mental health issues found in the legal field. With this in mind, the following study will include information regarding the extent to which the implementation of spiritual formation practices, when practiced specifically by those in the legal profession, could impact …


Jfl Insider: A Newsletter To Keep You In The Know, Liberty University Apr 2026

Jfl Insider: A Newsletter To Keep You In The Know, Liberty University

Jerry Falwell Library Newsletter

No abstract provided.


A Renewed American Conservativism Or The End Of The American Republic?, Virgile Samba Moussinga Mar 2026

A Renewed American Conservativism Or The End Of The American Republic?, Virgile Samba Moussinga

Helms School of Government Spring Public Policy Conference

No abstract provided.


Violent Extremism In West Africa, Ben Ellis Mar 2026

Violent Extremism In West Africa, Ben Ellis

Helms School of Government Spring Public Policy Conference

No abstract provided.


Interpreting Public School Administrators' Experience Of The Transformational Leadership Style During An Educator Shortage: A Hermeneutical Phenomenological Study, Jennifer Rose Sweet Mar 2026

Interpreting Public School Administrators' Experience Of The Transformational Leadership Style During An Educator Shortage: A Hermeneutical Phenomenological Study, Jennifer Rose Sweet

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this study was to interpret public school administrators' experiences with transformational leadership during an educator shortage. The research employed a hermeneutical-phenomenological approach, utilizing van Manen’s methodological data analysis procedures to capture the essence of the lived experiences of school administrators. Bass’s transformational leadership theory provided the framework for this study. Previous research has examined multiple factors related to leadership's connection to an educator shortage. This study aimed to explore administrators' lived experiences with the transformational leadership style and its impact on a teacher shortage in public schools. Using purposeful, convenience, and snowball sampling, school administrators were selected …


A Phenomenology Of Athletic Leaders In Managing Team Chemistry Among Intercollegiate Women’S Soccer Programs Through The Coach-Player Relationship, Kevin M. Long Mar 2026

A Phenomenology Of Athletic Leaders In Managing Team Chemistry Among Intercollegiate Women’S Soccer Programs Through The Coach-Player Relationship, Kevin M. Long

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the experiences and practices collegiate women’s soccer coaches employ in building and managing team chemistry through the coach-player relationship. The theory guiding this study was Dansereau’s leader-member exchange theory, as it emphasizes a leader’s linear relationship with each team member and that the relationship can influence team chemistry. The central research question addressed the lived experiences of athletic leaders in building team chemistry among intercollegiate women’s soccer programs. This qualitative research was a hermeneutic phenomenological study on women’s soccer teams throughout the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Data collection was in the …