Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Liberty University

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 1351 - 1380 of 8836

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

A Qualitative Study: The Classroom Experiences For Teachers Integrating Stem At Title I Primary Schools, Cynthia Laverne Lundy Aug 2025

A Qualitative Study: The Classroom Experiences For Teachers Integrating Stem At Title I Primary Schools, Cynthia Laverne Lundy

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to discover the classroom experiences for teachers at Best Primary School. The theory guiding this study is Knowles’ adult learning theory, as it will offer a relationship between how adults learn and the classroom experiences of teachers implementing STEM integration. The central research question was: What are the lived classroom experiences for teachers integrating STEM at Title I primary schools? The hermeneutic study of the classroom experiences for teachers integrating STEM at a Title I primary school using the pseudonym Best Primary is appropriate. Purposeful sampling was used to interview teachers on-site and …


The Efficacy Of Mindfulness, Breathwork, And Neurofeedback: A Holistic Approach To Healing, Cheryl Moore-Whidby Aug 2025

The Efficacy Of Mindfulness, Breathwork, And Neurofeedback: A Holistic Approach To Healing, Cheryl Moore-Whidby

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study is to explore the holistic impact of mindfulness, breathwork, and neurofeedback on individuals experiencing a range of emotional and physical health conditions, including PTSD, anxiety, depression, chronic pain, cardiovascular symptoms, and other chronic illnesses. This investigation is grounded in multiple theoretical frameworks, including the Polyvagal Theory (Porges, 2009), Cognitive Theory (Beck, 1963), Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow et al., 1943), Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (Kabat-Zinn, 1990), and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (Linehan, 1993). A total of 28 participants, approved through IRB review, engaged in 24 sessions across 30 days, divided between in-person and virtual formats. Breathwork …


Tough Decisions: Balancing Statutory Authority With Moral Obligation In The Federal Law Enforcement Community, Carl J. Lepard Aug 2025

Tough Decisions: Balancing Statutory Authority With Moral Obligation In The Federal Law Enforcement Community, Carl J. Lepard

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Following the 2022 tragedy at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas, where an armed assailant killed 21 people and injured 17 others, the U.S. Department of Justice released a critical incident review of the law enforcement response. Absent in the Justice Department’s response was an analysis of the lack of statutory law enforcement authority for the 150 federal law enforcement officers who responded to the school that day. This qualitative phenomenological study aims to examine federal law enforcement officers’ understanding of their statutory authority to exercise police powers. It sought to understand the decision-making process of federal law enforcement officers …


An Analysis Of Sport Science Practices And Standards In Collegiate Football, Corey F. Fitzgerald Aug 2025

An Analysis Of Sport Science Practices And Standards In Collegiate Football, Corey F. Fitzgerald

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This dissertation presents the findings of a survey that identifies the sport science practices and standards utilized in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football programs. In total a fifty-two item survey instrument was administered that examines seven sections, including (i) demographics, (ii) current sport science practices, (iii) advanced technology, (iv) decision-making processes, (v) health and wellness, (vi) budget and resources, and (vii) comments. All generated numerical data was organized into a statistical analysis program, SPSS Statistics v 29.0.2.0 (© IBM Corporation). Correlations were conducted on data gathered from Likert Scale questions, using Spearman test. Additionally, comprehensive non-numerical subjective data was …


Where Is God In Times Of Order And Disorder: A Practical Approach To Life Events With God, Chinedu Festus Onuigbo Aug 2025

Where Is God In Times Of Order And Disorder: A Practical Approach To Life Events With God, Chinedu Festus Onuigbo

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this study was to uncover what six next-generation females in Colorado, USA, encompassing high school through post-college, have experienced as they answer the question, "Where is God in times of order and disorder." Next generation refers to persons currently 25 years and younger. Pew Research (2019) reports, next-generation demographic during the transition from adolescence to adulthood may undergo one or more of the following: fall away from faith, question the existence of God, depression, and identity crisis. This researcher using phenomenology explored his Study Concept, a practical approach to experiencing life events with God using threefold biblical …


Investigating The Practice Of A Somatic, Mindful Christian Prayer And Breathing Practice On Public Speaking Anxiety, Robyn L. Middleton Aug 2025

Investigating The Practice Of A Somatic, Mindful Christian Prayer And Breathing Practice On Public Speaking Anxiety, Robyn L. Middleton

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of a mindful Christian prayer practice (The Jesus Prayer) combined with slow diaphragmatic breathing on communication anxiety. Participants (N = 80) included university students and members of the general public aged 18-60 who experience public speaking anxiety. Measurements included self-reported speech anxiety and heart rate variability (assessed via the WellHero app). Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed that the mindful prayer practice had no significant effect on participants' self-reported speech anxiety or RMSSD heart rate variability. A statistical trend of lower Baevsky’s Stress Index (another variable WellHero provided) was observed in the intervention group. This …


After His Likeness: The Holy Trinity And Creation Of Humanity, Chris Trevino Aug 2025

After His Likeness: The Holy Trinity And Creation Of Humanity, Chris Trevino

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This dissertation presents a comprehensive theological and interdisciplinary examination of the Holy Trinity (i.e., Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) and its influence on human creativity, ethical development, and identity, as rooted in the Genesis creation narrative. Employing exegetical analysis of Genesis 1:26-27 alongside systematic theological synthesis, lexical‐theological study of צֶלֶם (ṣélem, image) and דְּמוּת (dəmûth, likeness), and historical‐doctrinal reflection on Chalcedonian definitions of the hypostatic union and kenosis, it develops a triadic framework that aligns the divine mind, heart, and will with human cognition, emotion, and volition. The study reveals that the threefold act of divine creativity (i.e., the Father’s …


The Leader And Employee: A Public Administration Study On Legitimacy In Small To Medium-Sized Municipal Governments, Dustin Bovee Aug 2025

The Leader And Employee: A Public Administration Study On Legitimacy In Small To Medium-Sized Municipal Governments, Dustin Bovee

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this empirical study was to investigate how municipal government administrative leaders’ effectiveness, value creation, innovation, ethical behavior, fairness, contributions, role alignment with duty expectations, trust, and support influence their employees’ perceptions of leader legitimacy. The target population consisted of public service employees working in two county governments and four city governments in Western Colorado. The theory guiding this study is the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory, which offers a nuanced framework for examining factors influencing employees’ perceptions of legitimacy for their leaders. The study explored the factors that influence employees’ perception of leader legitimacy within municipal government departments. …


Beyond The Screening: Enhancement Of The Patient Experience Through Biophilic Interventions In A Controlled Mammography Environment, Sarah J. Morris Aug 2025

Beyond The Screening: Enhancement Of The Patient Experience Through Biophilic Interventions In A Controlled Mammography Environment, Sarah J. Morris

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study was intended to significantly contribute to the body of research focused on biophilic design within the healthcare setting while expanding the application to the diagnostic imaging setting. This study’s purpose was to improve the mammography experience through the implementation of biophilic design for the enhancement of the patient experience, while successfully reducing negative perceptions during mammography procedures. The intervention of biophilic design has been shown to positively impact relaxation, wellness, and health through the reduction of stress. A randomized controlled trial with utilization of a quantitative design was utilized for the collection of data on the patient experience. …


The Role Of Persuasive Rhetoric In The Dynamic Transformation Of A Mediatized Social Drama: A Thematic Analysis Of The 2023 Maui Wildfire, Chinua Joi Ivey Aug 2025

The Role Of Persuasive Rhetoric In The Dynamic Transformation Of A Mediatized Social Drama: A Thematic Analysis Of The 2023 Maui Wildfire, Chinua Joi Ivey

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

On August 8, 2023, one of the deadliest wildfires in American history occurred in Maui County, Hawaii. The wildfires’ unprecedented impact on the town of Lahaina caused a tremendous loss of life, cultural artifacts, and property. Many suffered unimaginable conditions to survive the rapidly spreading flames, and thousands were displaced. While this tragedy evolved through the journalistic lens of the news media, reports showcased the dynamic phases of social drama punctuated by persuasive rhetoric. Mediatized hope appeals were leveraged to influence a change in the audience's attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors, revealing divergent goals for future expectations. How can mediatized …


Parental Internet Mediation: A Phenomenological Study, Jossie Marino-Vega Aug 2025

Parental Internet Mediation: A Phenomenological Study, Jossie Marino-Vega

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Parental Internet mediation, which is the strategies parents use to control and supervise online content for children, has been transformed into a critical role due to the mixed outcomes of digital use. Baumrind's parental styles and Bandura's Social frameworks guide this study for its connection with parental mediation and children's learning. This qualitative research aimed to explore and describe how parents mediate and use the Internet concerning kids' development. Eleven mothers were interviewed with at least one student enrolled in kindergarten through 5th grade at an elementary school in Killeen, Texas. The data was analyzed using Moustakas's (1994) modification of …


The Impact Of Cello Training On Spatial Orientation Abilities In Adult Learners, Circe Diaz Gamero Aug 2025

The Impact Of Cello Training On Spatial Orientation Abilities In Adult Learners, Circe Diaz Gamero

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Academic discourse lacks exploration of the effects that musical training during adulthood has on spatial orientation abilities through their connection between cognitive science and music education. This study seeks to address this knowledge gap through research that evaluates cello training effects on spatial orientation abilities in adult learners. The rising interest in non-medicine-based methods for brain function improvement and recovery establishes the urgent need to research possible cognitive advantages that occur when adults participate in music education. This research study adopted a convergent mixed-methods approach that studied adults with minimal musical background in an eight-week structured cello training program, aiming …


Perceptions Of Divine Intervention In Suffering Impact On Meaningful Work Mediated By Posttraumatic Growth, Thomas E. Weil Jr. Aug 2025

Perceptions Of Divine Intervention In Suffering Impact On Meaningful Work Mediated By Posttraumatic Growth, Thomas E. Weil Jr.

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Burnout is a costly phenomenon, and creating a comprehensive model of wellness to increase resiliency to burnout is a complex task worth the endeavor (Eckleberry-Hunt et al., 2009). The negative correlation between self-care and burnout is well-known (Shanafelt et al., 2020). Models such as the psychological capital model (Youssef‐Morgan & Luthans, 2015) have provided insight into the relationship. Several findings since the inception of the psychological capital model indicate that other phenomena are involved in increasing resistance to counselor burnout. The positive relationship between meaningful work and counselor burnout resistance is well documented through peer-reviewed literature. Mental health professionals experience …


Low-Impact Functioning Autism And Psychotropic Medications, Angela N. Butler Aug 2025

Low-Impact Functioning Autism And Psychotropic Medications, Angela N. Butler

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

From the onset of the discovery of its existence, studies provided additional information pertaining to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), its influences on a child’s growth, everyday performance, including the capability to interrelate with people. Studies on appropriate medications to prescribe to ASD youth have yielded questionable results. Objective: This study’s purpose was to address adverse effects as an overall issue and re-evaluation of the psychotropic medications prescribed to Low-Impact ASD (LIASD) youth. Additionally, this study examined the process of diagnosing and supporting the reclassification of autism. Method: A mixed-methods design was employed, to review prescribed medications and determine the relationship …


Navigating Legal Constraints: A Phenomenological Study On Black Educators’ Experiences With Integrating Race-Related Topics In K-12 Education In North Central Texas, Christa H. Hicks Aug 2025

Navigating Legal Constraints: A Phenomenological Study On Black Educators’ Experiences With Integrating Race-Related Topics In K-12 Education In North Central Texas, Christa H. Hicks

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of Black educators in North Central Texas as they navigated the legislative restrictions placed on teaching race-related topics in public schools. The theory guiding this study was the critical race theory framework, which provided insights into how societal structures contribute to inequalities and shape the professional experiences of Black educators working within the constraints of laws that limit the teaching of race-related topics. The central research question was: What are the lived experiences of Black educators in North Central Texas on navigating the legislative restrictions of teaching race-related …


The Moral Identity Of School Shooters As Perceived By Impacted Community Members: A Qualitative Study, Danielle Caprice Rand Aug 2025

The Moral Identity Of School Shooters As Perceived By Impacted Community Members: A Qualitative Study, Danielle Caprice Rand

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This qualitative study investigated the moral identity of school shooters as perceived by impacted community members. The existing literature lacks agreement on the root cause of school shootings and has been unable to provide a unified identification of school shooters. Discussed throughout school shooter research was the lack of a moral identity in school shooters. Further, research on moral identity has not covered one specialized group of individuals: school shooters. Moral identity, the mien of an individual’s moral thoughts and behaviors, was researched as a potential predictor of school shootings. This study employed a case study research design and used …


Leaving The Cockpit: Understanding The Military-To-Civilian Transition Experience Of U.S. Army Special Operations Forces Aviation Veterans, Robert D. Harris Aug 2025

Leaving The Cockpit: Understanding The Military-To-Civilian Transition Experience Of U.S. Army Special Operations Forces Aviation Veterans, Robert D. Harris

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study explored the military-to-civilian (MTC) transition experiences of U.S. Army Special Operations Aviation (ARSOA) veterans through a hermeneutic phenomenological approach supported by reflexive thematic analysis (RTA). ARSOA aviators operate in a demanding environment that requires advanced technical proficiency, exceptional cognitive agility, and the capacity to shift between complex tasks rapidly. They possess elite-level skills in target acquisition, decision making under pressure, and processing high volumes of information, capabilities that extend well beyond those typically expected of conventional military pilots. Thirteen former ARSOA aviators, crew chiefs, and flight medics who had separated within the past five years participated in semi-structured …


The Impact Of Cold-Water Immersion On Mental Health: A Qualitative Study, Marcus Jean-Francois Aug 2025

The Impact Of Cold-Water Immersion On Mental Health: A Qualitative Study, Marcus Jean-Francois

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Historically, Cold Water Immersion (CWI) was used for physical therapy and is now a potential non-pharmacological intervention for mental health illnesses such as depression, stress and anxiety. In this study in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, we examined the personal experiences on the psychological impact of CWI on mental health. We examined twelve participants between 20-35 years of age that had a self-diagnosed mental illness to participate in six CWI sessions over the span of three weeks. This study predicts that CWI will have a significant reduction in their mental health illness compared to baseline levels. Employing a Hermeneutic Phenomenological approach, …


A Qualitative Phenomenological Study On Perceptions Of Pregnancy Bias And Career Advancement In Music Education, Chelsa N. Keathley Aug 2025

A Qualitative Phenomenological Study On Perceptions Of Pregnancy Bias And Career Advancement In Music Education, Chelsa N. Keathley

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This qualitative transcendental phenomenological research followed the perspectives of thirteen music educators across eleven states. The participants included five female secondary band directors, six male secondary band directors, one retired female secondary band director, and one male secondary administrator, along with the personal experiences of six mothers who currently serve as band directors in secondary music education. This study explored perceptions of gender bias within the field, focusing on issues such as the underrepresentation of women in secondary music education, negative societal perceptions regarding women in leadership positions, and the presence of a negative workplace culture. These factors were explored …


Post-War Traumatic Events Of Previously Incarcerated And Homeless Veterans: A Phenomenological Study Of Their Experiences Pauline Anne Leblanc Liberty University A Dissertation Presented In Partial Fulfillment Requirements For The Degree Of Doctor Of Education School Of Behavioral Sciences, Pauline Anne Leblanc Aug 2025

Post-War Traumatic Events Of Previously Incarcerated And Homeless Veterans: A Phenomenological Study Of Their Experiences Pauline Anne Leblanc Liberty University A Dissertation Presented In Partial Fulfillment Requirements For The Degree Of Doctor Of Education School Of Behavioral Sciences, Pauline Anne Leblanc

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The importance of this phenomenological study explains why veterans' homelessness and incarceration remain a significant problem in American Society. The purpose of the study was to describe the experiences of homeless/incarcerated veterans. The study also examined the lack of needed healthcare services for veteran prisoners and ex-offenders. Incarcerated and homeless veterans are at risk for various adverse outcomes after their release, such as a range of physical, mental, and other psychosocial problems, including moral injury. The study employed a descriptive phenomenological design, utilizing various data collection methods, including a demographic questionnaire and one-on-one interviews, which were audiotaped. Selected and interviewed, …


Mathematics Self-Efficacy And Achievement Among Elementary Students Who Participate In Extended Day Mathematics Programs: A Causal Comparative Study, Maria V. Kerr Aug 2025

Mathematics Self-Efficacy And Achievement Among Elementary Students Who Participate In Extended Day Mathematics Programs: A Causal Comparative Study, Maria V. Kerr

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative causal-comparative study is to examine whether there is a difference in mathematics self-efficacy and achievement among fourth and fifth-grade students who participate in extended-day mathematics programs versus those who do not. The study utilizes the Mathematics Interest Inventory (MII) and the iReady Mathematics Program to measure these variables. Student performance in mathematics is influenced by various factors, including motivation, interest, and self-efficacy. In response to learning loss from emergency school closures, schools nationwide have implemented extended-day programs to help close the achievement gap. Federal and local governments have allocated over $8 billion to support these …


The Impact Of Resistance Training On Obese Perimenopause African American Women In San Antonio, Letesha Nicole Butler Aug 2025

The Impact Of Resistance Training On Obese Perimenopause African American Women In San Antonio, Letesha Nicole Butler

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This quantitative randomized controlled trial investigated the impact of resistance training on body fat in obese African American perimenopausal women in San Antonio, Texas. The study aimed to support the World Health Organization's efforts to combat obesity and address the underrepresentation of African American women in research, a population with over half being overweight or obese. Eleven eligible participants completed an intake survey and had their body fat percentage measured using an InBody 270 before and after the intervention. Participants were divided into two groups: one utilizing weights (e.g., dumbbells, barbells, machines, resistance bands) and the other using body weight …


An Evaluative Study On The Relationship Between Caregiver Stress Of Adult Caregivers For Aging Parents With Chronic Medical Conditions And Life Satisfaction Moderated By Self-Compassion, Cristal Byrd Aug 2025

An Evaluative Study On The Relationship Between Caregiver Stress Of Adult Caregivers For Aging Parents With Chronic Medical Conditions And Life Satisfaction Moderated By Self-Compassion, Cristal Byrd

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

As of 2015, in the United States alone, approximately 34.2 million Americans have provided unpaid (informal) care to an adult age fifty or older in the past twelve months Forty-two percent of these individuals are caring for a parent including 31% for a mother, and 11% for a father (Jones, 2015). Frequently, the impending challenges correlated with the aging process are discovered in concordance with each other; to which obligation or onus for caregiving of this demographic falls on the shoulders of their adult children. According to recent studies, approximately 1 in 3 adult children in the United States provide …


The Columbus Civil Rights Movement: Dr. Brewer, The Naacp, And Direct Action, Laura Beth Irvin Aug 2025

The Columbus Civil Rights Movement: Dr. Brewer, The Naacp, And Direct Action, Laura Beth Irvin

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The Civil Rights Movement in Columbus, Georgia, began in the early 1900s. Historians have typically excluded Columbus from discussions of impactful or powerful movements that created radical changes, but Columbus made sweeping changes to the Civil Rights Movement. African Americans in Columbus took advantage of direct-action protests, and the local NAACP transformed the white Democratic primary in Columbus, improved the living environments of black citizens, and authorized the hiring of black citizens as black police officers. It was a movement poised to confront the segregated school system during the passage of Brown v. Board in 1954 until the death of …


Virtual Music Education: An Examination Of Experiences Of A Post-Covid Virtual Elementary Music Program, Julia Federico-Youngs Aug 2025

Virtual Music Education: An Examination Of Experiences Of A Post-Covid Virtual Elementary Music Program, Julia Federico-Youngs

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study focused on a three-year phenomenon that occurred at five Title I California elementary schools that took part in a post-COVID-19 virtual music program where the teacher was remote and third- through fifth-grade students were together in their classrooms. This event occurred as an attempt to provide music education to students who had no access to music education. The participants were the general classroom teachers who were physically in the classroom with the students. The participants’ experiences provided the results of this transcendental phenomenological study via interviews. These interviews offered valuable insight into the perspectives and experiences of the …


Understanding Workplace Stigma And Coping Strategies Among Those Living With Chronic Migraine In The Construction Industry, Brian T. Bailey Aug 2025

Understanding Workplace Stigma And Coping Strategies Among Those Living With Chronic Migraine In The Construction Industry, Brian T. Bailey

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Although a neurological condition, the cause of migraines is poorly understood. The problem is that the factors contributing to the stress and stigma associated with chronic migraine in the construction workplace are not well known. To address this problem, this qualitative case study explored what factors contribute to the stress and stigma associated with chronic migraine in the workplace in the specific context of the construction industry. The study asked the following: (a) How do workers living with chronic migraines experience and navigate associated migraine stigma in their workplace (e.g., cultural norms and disclosure)?, (b) What do workers living with …


Exploring The Relationship Between Depression And Implicit Bias In The Courtroom, Mary Nicole Williams Aug 2025

Exploring The Relationship Between Depression And Implicit Bias In The Courtroom, Mary Nicole Williams

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of people with depression as they participated in the juror experience to understand the relationship between depression, implicit biases, and the impacts on juror decision-making. Ten adults with depression participated in the experiment which consisted of being presented with a mock assault case vignette, responding to interview questions, and then being presented with new information about the defendant’s mental health condition, after which additional interview questions were asked. Three research questions guided the study, and they sought to understand if there were shared patterns in the decision-making process, in perceptions of culpability, and …


Fire Officer Leadership: Understanding The Lived Experience Of New Firefighters, Tyler Ames Aug 2025

Fire Officer Leadership: Understanding The Lived Experience Of New Firefighters, Tyler Ames

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This qualitative phenomenological study looked into how newer firefighters experienced working under fire officer leaders who utilized laissez-faire leadership tendencies. The goal of the study was to better understand what this kind of leadership looks like in the fire service and how it affects newer members in their day-to-day lives as well as emergency scenarios. Twelve firefighters from different departments across Utah were interviewed, and all participants had less than three years of experience. The interviews focused on the participants’ experiences, challenges, and feelings when working under this particular leadership style. Each transcript was reviewed and coded using an inductive …


The Influencer Effect: Impression Management In The Age Of Social Media And Online Dating, Erin L. Callahan Aug 2025

The Influencer Effect: Impression Management In The Age Of Social Media And Online Dating, Erin L. Callahan

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the relationship between individuals who follow social media influencers online and their impression management behaviors on online dating profiles. The central problem was defined as individuals adopting beliefs, goals, products, and news from the social media influencers they follow on Instagram. The theories guiding this study are Kelman’s Social Influence Theory and Goffman’s Presentation of Self Theory. This exploratory qualitative study employed comparative content analysis as its research method. Two sets of content were compared and analyzed: content from social media influencers (subjects) and the Hinge dating profiles of participants who …


Motivation And Retention In Music Education: A Phenomenological Study On Socioeconomic Status Impact, Bracy C. Martin Jr. Aug 2025

Motivation And Retention In Music Education: A Phenomenological Study On Socioeconomic Status Impact, Bracy C. Martin Jr.

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The retention of middle and high school students in music education programs remains a persistent concern, particularly when disparities in motivation are shaped by socioeconomic status (SES). This hermeneutic phenomenological study investigated how intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors such as funding, parental involvement, off-campus performance opportunities, and student engagement are influenced by SES and how these influences affect student retention in school music programs. Grounded in Deci and Ryan's Self-Determination Theory and Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, the study examined how motivation and SES intersect to either support or hinder student persistence in music education.

Eight music educators from urban, suburban, and …