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Attitudes And Awareness Toward Hormone Replacement Therapy (Hrt) For Perimenopause Treatment, Sydney Webb Apr 2025

Attitudes And Awareness Toward Hormone Replacement Therapy (Hrt) For Perimenopause Treatment, Sydney Webb

Liberty University Research Week

Introduction - Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used to restore hormone levels in perimenopausal and menopausal women, alleviating symptoms such as hot flashes, sleep disturbances, and mood changes. It may also offer cognitive benefits and reduce osteoporosis risk. However, concerns about a potential link to breast cancer have affected its acceptance. This study explores public awareness, perceptions, and attitudes toward HRT in perimenopause management. Methods - A qualitative study was conducted using a structured, closed-ended survey to assess HRT knowledge and perceptions. The required sample size is approximately 385 participants for a 95% confidence level with a 5% margin of …


Scientific Authorial Voice: Incorporating Explicit Instruction In Undergraduate Chemistry Courses, Emma Becker Apr 2025

Scientific Authorial Voice: Incorporating Explicit Instruction In Undergraduate Chemistry Courses, Emma Becker

Liberty University Research Week

The effective development of undergraduate chemistry students for success in professional and academic careers involves emphases on content knowledge and on writing and authorial voice. Unfortunately, most undergraduate chemistry instruction wholly neglects writing and authorial voice instruction in favor of content knowledge instruction. This results in the development of chemistry students who know the content of their field but not how to communicate that knowledge or how to enter the chemistry discourse with their own research. This integrative review identified 71 pieces of scholarly literature and synthesized these sources to reconceptualize writing instruction in undergraduate chemistry and propose explicit instruction …


Clarity In Christ: Oscar Wilde’S Revelation Through Imagination, Humility, And Suffering In De Profundis, Leah Besser Apr 2025

Clarity In Christ: Oscar Wilde’S Revelation Through Imagination, Humility, And Suffering In De Profundis, Leah Besser

Liberty University Research Week

In studying De Profundis, some scholars – Max Beerbohm, Molly Robinson Kelly, and Carol Schnitzer, among others – have either claimed Oscar Wilde’s encounter with Christ to be inauthentic or altogether failed to address Christ’s prominence in the letter. This study, however, excavates the text with a more spiritual eye. Moving from a direct address of Sir Alfred Douglas to an intense self-observation, and finally, to a focus on the person and deity of Christ, Wilde’s letter leads him to increasingly spiritual and authentic realizations. He threads three main characteristics of revelation – imagination, humility, and suffering – throughout the …


The Build-A-Child Market: The Problematic Promulgation Of Commercial Surrogacy, Catalina Lowers Apr 2025

The Build-A-Child Market: The Problematic Promulgation Of Commercial Surrogacy, Catalina Lowers

Liberty University Research Week

Surrogacy is an arrangement for a woman to become pregnant, carry, and deliver a child on behalf of intended parents. Surrogacy is often seen as a neutral facet of family-building. However, the proliferation of commercial surrogacy has birthed an industry which prioritizes profits over the protections of children. This reality is easily revealed through contemplation of existing laws, specifically those which regulate adoption. In comparison to the institution of adoption, the surrogacy industry is unregulated and prone to abuse. Furthermore, the patchwork of state laws across the United States allow for a chaotic free-for-all in which children are disregarded or …


Curcumin Promotes The Inhibition Irs-1 S1101 Phosphorylation While Restoring Insulin Signaling And Phosphorylation Of Pras 40 And Rps6., Rachael De Klerk, Davis Raz, John Zelenka Apr 2025

Curcumin Promotes The Inhibition Irs-1 S1101 Phosphorylation While Restoring Insulin Signaling And Phosphorylation Of Pras 40 And Rps6., Rachael De Klerk, Davis Raz, John Zelenka

Liberty University Research Week

The search for natural compounds that elicit medicinal effects has increased over the years as synthetic compounds often carry adverse side effects. p300, an acetyltransferase protein recently found to negatively impact the insulin signaling pathway when overexpressed, has often been targeted in research using a synthetic compound called C646. However, curcumin, a natural compound, has been shown to also inhibit p300. Curcumin has been theorized as a potential treatment for diabetes, however the connection between its ability to inhibit the excessive expression of p300 seen when consuming a high fat diet and its ability to restore insulin signaling has never …


Divergent Persecution: The Varied Treatment Of The Disabled In The Third Reich, Dylan Cumbo Apr 2025

Divergent Persecution: The Varied Treatment Of The Disabled In The Third Reich, Dylan Cumbo

Liberty University Research Week

This paper looks at the evolution of the Nazi’s treatment of the disabled. Their persecution changed over time based on public perception and the events of the war. Removing disabled people from Germany society was a practice long advocated for by Nazi leadership, Hitler in particular. With their rise to power, they began implementing policies that targeted the disabled. Initially, they began with prohibiting disabled people from marrying. sterilization of those with undesired traits. These operated publicly and had mixed approval from the broader public. The shift to mass slaughter came in 1939 after a plea from a disabled boy’s …


A Crown In Death: A Dramaturgical Approach To The Trojan Women Of Euripides, Stephanie Lester Apr 2025

A Crown In Death: A Dramaturgical Approach To The Trojan Women Of Euripides, Stephanie Lester

Liberty University Research Week

In the action-packed, visually-oriented market for modern media, some may assume a 2,400-year-old classical play to be slightly past its expiration date, especially if that play features little to no action on stage like in Euripides’ The Trojan Women. However, it is important to remember that literature is lost when the world fails to cherish it, so if a text survives that long, it may be worth another cursory glance. In this case, that glance involved a full dramaturgical study featuring qualitative script analysis of multiple translations of The Trojan Women with related texts to explore context, themes, common literary …


Characterization Of Endogenous Sas3 In C. Neoformans Via Co-Immunoprecipitation, Kayla Riggleman Apr 2025

Characterization Of Endogenous Sas3 In C. Neoformans Via Co-Immunoprecipitation, Kayla Riggleman

Liberty University Research Week

The predicted amino acid sequence of Something About Silencing 3 (SAS3) gene in Cryptococcus neoformans suggests that it contains a putative Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) domain. Its role as a response/transcriptional modulator is further implied by its upregulation that is associated with Cryptococcal meningitis. Thus, there is a possible etiological correlation between SAS3 activity and cryptococcosis infection. To date, it has been determined that recombinant SAS3 does not display HAT activity on recombinant histones in vitro. Current experimentation is seeking to ascertain its endogenous role. This may point to the idea that endogenous SAS3 requires post-translational modifications before it is active, …


The Expression Of Insr-β, Insr-α, And P300 In Palmitic Acid And Glucose Treated Hepg2 Cells, Grace Mutesa, Caroline Wethington Apr 2025

The Expression Of Insr-β, Insr-α, And P300 In Palmitic Acid And Glucose Treated Hepg2 Cells, Grace Mutesa, Caroline Wethington

Liberty University Research Week

Type II diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects 500 million people across the world and is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Complications associated with diabetes include cardiovascular disease, eye damage and kidney disease. Insulin resistance occurs due to defects in the insulin signaling pathway. Here we explore different modalities of inducing insulin resistance in HepG2 cells, as part of a larger study to develop treatments to reverse insulin resistance. We used a dose response to find out what concentration of glucose, palmitic acid (PA), and insulin each treatment is required to induce insulin resistance. We used …


Continuity In Colonization: A Comparative Study Between Hampton And Jamestown, Virginia, Regarding Their Occupation And Its Impact, Chandler Lilley Apr 2025

Continuity In Colonization: A Comparative Study Between Hampton And Jamestown, Virginia, Regarding Their Occupation And Its Impact, Chandler Lilley

Liberty University Research Week

It has been widely circulated that Jamestown, Virginia, is the oldest permanent continuous English settlement in the New World. Not all parts of that statement are true. Locals of a place no more than half an hour down the road would contest that claim, saying that the city of Hampton better fits the criteria. What do those qualifiers mean, and which settlement deserves the title? Based on an examination of primary and secondary sources, both settlements will be compared with the qualifiers oldest, permanent, continuous, and English. To be oldest, the founding of the current location of the settlement must …


Brewing Revolution: The Influence Of Cafés In Eighteenth-Century France, Ian Landry Apr 2025

Brewing Revolution: The Influence Of Cafés In Eighteenth-Century France, Ian Landry

Liberty University Research Week

The cafés of eighteenth-century France occupy a central role during this era. They were places that both the literate and illiterate flocked to in order to receive the latest news and debate about relevant current events and topics. The material disseminated from these places prompted discourse and ultimately shaped the public’s opinion. With this in mind, cafés deserve a more prominent role in the discussion on eighteenth-century French studies in general as well as the French Revolution specifically.


Bytes, Banter, And The Bible: An Interdisciplinary Account Of Objective Meaning, Cameron Bonin Apr 2025

Bytes, Banter, And The Bible: An Interdisciplinary Account Of Objective Meaning, Cameron Bonin

Liberty University Research Week

The claim that the Bible has objective meaning is contested in a postmodern world. Many theologians and philosophers have sought to address this critique. One such philosopher is Nicholas Wolterstorff, who makes use of speech-act theory to defend authorial-discourse interpretation. His case is especially presented in his work, Divine Discourse: Philosophical Reflections on the Claim that God Speaks. But theologians and philosophers are not the only ones concerned with the nature of meaning. As such, the assertion that the biblical texts have objective meaning can be more persuasively defended when it is addressed by insights from multiple disciplines. In particular, …


The Boxer Rebellion And Missionaries: A Study Of Historical Context And Ideological Perspectives, Danielle Russano-Simpkins Apr 2025

The Boxer Rebellion And Missionaries: A Study Of Historical Context And Ideological Perspectives, Danielle Russano-Simpkins

Liberty University Research Week

The Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901) was a pivotal anti-foreign, anti-Christian, and anti-imperialist uprising in northern China, shaped by the interplay of three key perspectives: imperial forces, missionaries, and the Boxers themselves. From the imperial viewpoint, the Qing dynasty initially opposed but later supported the Boxers, aiming to resist Western encroachment and preserve sovereignty amidst growing foreign aggression. Missionaries, representing Western religious influence, were perceived as cultural disruptors, fueling anti-Christian sentiment due to their perceived arrogance and interference in local affairs. The Boxers, a grassroots movement blending martial arts and spiritual beliefs, sought to expel foreigners and restore traditional values, believing themselves …


The King’S Antiquary: John Leland Between Destruction And Preservation, Christopher Dykes Apr 2025

The King’S Antiquary: John Leland Between Destruction And Preservation, Christopher Dykes

Liberty University Research Week

This study examines John Leland's complex role as a royal commissioner during the dissolution of the monasteries. As the "King's Antiquary," Leland found himself caught between seemingly contradictory missions: participating in dismantling monastic institutions while simultaneously working to preserve their scholarly and cultural heritage. The research explores how Leland, educated as a humanist and appointed with a royal commission to survey England's libraries, navigated these competing loyalties through his extensive library tours, meticulous transcriptions, and ambitious documentation projects, including the Collectanea and De Viris Illustribus. Particular attention is given to Leland's nationalist motivations, evidenced in his concern about foreign scholars …


Abandonment In Children's Literature, Paige Sturek Apr 2025

Abandonment In Children's Literature, Paige Sturek

Liberty University Research Week

The presence of characters in children’s literature who experience abandonment or grow up in a broken family has become more and more prominent in recent years. This growing trend, according to Marilyn Apseloff, is because society has shifted from familism to individualism. Because of this shift, there has been less focus on stabilizing and nurturing the family and more focus on satisfying the personal desires of the individual. Examples of children’s literature that illustrate this shift include The Tale of Despereaux, Peter Pan, and The Boy on the Porch. While the authors of the first two works listed, Kate DiCamillo …


Advocating For Ableist Practices: Nnazi Propaganda Against The Disabled Between 1933-1941, Dylan Cumbo Apr 2025

Advocating For Ableist Practices: Nnazi Propaganda Against The Disabled Between 1933-1941, Dylan Cumbo

Liberty University Research Week

This paper looks at the major themes and evolution of Nazi Germany’s propaganda campaign against people with various disabilities. The perspective of people concerning the disabled altered based on time and location. However, most had more negative imaginings of the disabled. For the Nazi’s, this was doubly true. Germany had prior campaigns against the disabled, however they would take it to another level during the Third Reich. Propaganda resolved around differing societal issues which offered various justifications for persecution of the disabled. Most tailored toward issues more practical to the average German citizen. Financial concerns, ethical questions, and calls for …


When Posters Went To War: The Division Of Pictorial Publicity And Propaganda Posters In World War I, Kaitlyn Misirian Apr 2025

When Posters Went To War: The Division Of Pictorial Publicity And Propaganda Posters In World War I, Kaitlyn Misirian

Liberty University Research Week

In the Great War, the United States of America established its first large-scale propaganda agency, calling upon 300 artists to inspire the nation to contribute to the war effort. Since radio and film would not gain popularity until the Second World War, posters were the primary news source of war information during the Great War. Poster topics focused on recruitment, financial needs, and homefront issues. Over two-thirds of the total war cost was raised by the Fourth Liberty Loan Drive advertised by the Division’s compelling posters. The artists took their jobs seriously and recognized the significance of their duties to …


The Effects Of Progressive Resistance Training On Muscular Strength In Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Critically Appraised Topic, Elizabeth Byrum, Saige Knapton Apr 2025

The Effects Of Progressive Resistance Training On Muscular Strength In Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Critically Appraised Topic, Elizabeth Byrum, Saige Knapton

Liberty University Research Week

Clinical Scenario: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a brain injury occurring during pregnancy, birth, or shortly after birth that causes stiff muscles and uncontrolled reflexes. There are currently no cures for CP, however, many therapies can aid in muscle stretching, yet disregard muscle strengthening and the prevention of atrophy. Focused Clinical Question: What are the effects of progressive resistance training on muscular strength and mobility in children with cerebral palsy? Summary of Key Findings: Progressive resistance training is best for preventing muscle atrophy and weakness due to skeletal muscle being most adaptive to mechanical load. One of the high-quality studies showed …


The Effects Of Regular Exercise Compared To Standard Care Alone On Postpartum Depression In Women: A Critically Appraised Topic, Brooke Mcduffee, Abigail Jensen Apr 2025

The Effects Of Regular Exercise Compared To Standard Care Alone On Postpartum Depression In Women: A Critically Appraised Topic, Brooke Mcduffee, Abigail Jensen

Liberty University Research Week

Childbirth can cause a variety of different emotions, joy to anxiety, excitement to fear and can also cause postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is a depressive episode that begins in or extends into the postpartum period and is a major concern for new mothers.2 It affects approximately 10-16% of women annually and can be seen within the first few days after delivery and symptoms can last up to a year postdelivery.3,4 These symptoms can be triggered because of psychological, social, or biological stressors and all the hormonal changes in the body. Typically, postpartum depression is usually diagnosed within six weeks of …


A Survey Of Freshwater Mussels In Opossum Creek, Jonathan Schreck, Kyle Harris Apr 2025

A Survey Of Freshwater Mussels In Opossum Creek, Jonathan Schreck, Kyle Harris

Liberty University Research Week

This poster outlines the theoretical research process for surveying the freshwater mussels in Opossum Creek. It provides relevant background information about mussels in Virginia, outlines the research process and expected results, and provides directions for future study.


Assessing The Impact Of Youth Sport Participation On Social Anxiety Levels Among Adolescents Ages 9-13, Caleb Weissinger, Alexandria Moore, Jonathan Edwards, Matthew Alcantar, Nathan Hamilton Apr 2025

Assessing The Impact Of Youth Sport Participation On Social Anxiety Levels Among Adolescents Ages 9-13, Caleb Weissinger, Alexandria Moore, Jonathan Edwards, Matthew Alcantar, Nathan Hamilton

Liberty University Research Week

This quantitative research proposal is designed to discover and observe any effects on the social anxiety and wellbeing of adolescents from ages 9-13 based on participation in youth sport. According to the authors of the article “What to Know About Youth Anxiety,” recent years have seen a significant rise in rates of social anxiety in this age group. The research is aimed to find out if there is correlation between the rise in youth social anxiety and the positive and negative effects that result from participating in youth sport. This study will require randomly selecting children, both male and female, …


Barriers And Strategies For Improving Access To Mental Health Services In Uganda: A Social Cognitive Approach, Rebecca Martha Nantale, Maame Yaa Okrah, Nfn Dangpa Wandji Nana, Yenigat Abate Apr 2025

Barriers And Strategies For Improving Access To Mental Health Services In Uganda: A Social Cognitive Approach, Rebecca Martha Nantale, Maame Yaa Okrah, Nfn Dangpa Wandji Nana, Yenigat Abate

Liberty University Research Week

Access to mental health services in Uganda remains a critical challenge despite the rising prevalence of mental health disorders. This study uses the social cognitive approach to explore the barriers and strategies for improving access to mental health services in Uganda. Interventions are proposed to address these barriers, including community-based mental health awareness campaigns, enhanced training for healthcare providers, and stakeholder collaboration to reform outdated mental health policies. A review of existing literature indicates that mental health disorders are on the rise in Uganda, yet the availability and accessibility of professional care remain inadequate. Cultural perceptions often frame mental illness …


Influence Of Pathogen Carbon Metabolism On Host Immunity, Bright Danso Apr 2025

Influence Of Pathogen Carbon Metabolism On Host Immunity, Bright Danso

Liberty University Research Week

Cryptococcus neoformans is an emerging fungal (yeast) pathogen worldwide that causes cryptococcal meningoencephalitis and also responsible for life-threatening diseases of the lungs and skin. In this study, we assessed the production of host immune signals in response to infection with carbon assimilation mutants of C. neoformans to better understand the relationship between pathogen carbon metabolism and virulence. We focused on experimentally creating mutation in pyruvate kinase (pyk1∆), previously shown to have marked deficiencies in virulence without rapid clearance from the host. Cytokine production was investigated both in vivo and ex vivo using cultured macrophages. We furthermore employed additional carbon utilization …


Steganography In Svg Image Files, Tyler Garrett, Christopher Jaus, Kaelyn Haynie Apr 2025

Steganography In Svg Image Files, Tyler Garrett, Christopher Jaus, Kaelyn Haynie

Liberty University Research Week

This research discusses the practical application of steganography within the missionary field. Steganography has had many variations throughout history and has shown promise in the modern era. This research specifically looks into the use of steganography within Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG) image files. The presented research will briefly introduce steganography, provide historic examples of steganography, explain how it can be used within the context of SVG images, and discuss the modern application to the missionary field.


Curcumin Promotes The Inhibition Irs-1 S1101 Phosphorylation While Restoring Insulin Signaling And Phosphorylation Of Pras 40 And Rps6., Rachael De Klerk, Davis Raz, John Zelenka Apr 2025

Curcumin Promotes The Inhibition Irs-1 S1101 Phosphorylation While Restoring Insulin Signaling And Phosphorylation Of Pras 40 And Rps6., Rachael De Klerk, Davis Raz, John Zelenka

Liberty University Research Week

The search for natural compounds that elicit medicinal effects has increased over the years as synthetic compounds often carry adverse side effects. p300, an acetyltransferase protein recently found to negatively impact the insulin signaling pathway when overexpressed, has often been targeted in research using a synthetic compound called C646. However, curcumin, a natural compound, has been shown to also inhibit p300. Curcumin has been theorized as a potential treatment for diabetes, however the connection between its ability to inhibit the excessive expression of p300 seen when consuming a high fat diet and its ability to restore insulin signaling has never …


The Psychology Of Serial Killers: Understanding Criminal Motivations, Raven Rhodes Apr 2025

The Psychology Of Serial Killers: Understanding Criminal Motivations, Raven Rhodes

Liberty University Research Week

Criminal psychology seeks to understand the motivations, behaviors, and psychological patterns of serial killers. Research suggests that early childhood trauma, combined with factors like thrill-seeking, anger, control, and a lack of remorse, can drive individuals to commit serial murders. This study explores how emotions such as pleasure and aggression influence criminal behavior. It will also seek to investigate psychological, social, and environmental influences to see what serial killers like Theodore Bundy, Jeffery Dahmer, and John Wayne Gacy, motivations were between those factors to commit heinous crimes. We look at their criminal psychology through a biblical framework centered around a Christian …


The Relationship Of Proximate-Peer Characteristics Of Seed Accelerator Participants To Member Firm Survival Outcomes (Theoretical), Matthew Crowley Apr 2025

The Relationship Of Proximate-Peer Characteristics Of Seed Accelerator Participants To Member Firm Survival Outcomes (Theoretical), Matthew Crowley

Liberty University Research Week

This study examined how composite gender and ethnic heterogeneity present at three levels of proximate-peer groups of accelerators—firms, cohorts, and alumni—relate to firm survival within five years after program graduation. This research addresses the problem that accelerator membership alone does not guarantee firm success by examining the factor of heterogeneity on survival using a fixed design, quantitative, correlational approach via a Cox proportional hazards model. Using archival data from Crunchbase on Y Combinator cohorts running from 2013 to 2017 augmented with demographic output from NamSor, the study investigated whether diversity at various levels of proximate-peer interactions related to the hazard …


The Role Of Wwii Propaganda In Shaping Women's Roles, Robert Baker-Nicholas Apr 2025

The Role Of Wwii Propaganda In Shaping Women's Roles, Robert Baker-Nicholas

Liberty University Research Week

This study offers a comparative qualitative analysis of World War II propaganda and how it influenced women’s labor in the United States and Canada. It investigates how each country’s cultural identity and political climate shaped propaganda messaging aimed at women and how that messaging affected public attitudes toward their roles. Using a wide range of primary sources—including propaganda posters, government studies, pamphlets, films, radio broadcasts, speeches, and oral narratives—this research highlights the stark differences in how the U.S. and Canada mobilized women during the war. In the United States, propaganda promoted female empowerment through iconic campaigns like Rosie the Riveter, …


Digital Asset Regulation: Cryptocurrency Smart Contracts And Securities Law, Gaege Gobezie Apr 2025

Digital Asset Regulation: Cryptocurrency Smart Contracts And Securities Law, Gaege Gobezie

Liberty University Research Week

The Securities and Exchange Commission has a long history of regulating interstate transactions. However, the meteoric rise of digital exchanges has presented the governmental organization with significant regulatory challenges. The SEC currently lacks an effective protocol for regulating commerce on digital exchanges. Notably, legislation classifying cryptocurrency as a security does not exist. This research project will first conduct a literature review of the current Supreme Court jurisprudence. Beginning with the review of SEC v. Howey (1946). This case is a seminal piece of precedent and is still used to determine the classification of assets. This landmark case involved the sale …


Research Week 2025 Program, Scholarly Communications Apr 2025

Research Week 2025 Program, Scholarly Communications

Liberty University Research Week

Program booklet for Research Week 2025.