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Articles 1291 - 1320 of 2098

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Provisioning And Prey Quality In Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus Occidentalis) In Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, Elena Sachs Dec 2007

Provisioning And Prey Quality In Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus Occidentalis) In Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, Elena Sachs

All Theses

I examined parent and nestling behavior during early chick rearing in Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) nesting at a colony in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina during the 2006 breeding season. There were significant differences in the frequency of feeding, attendance, and chick aggression according to chick age, although the pattern differed among behaviors. The rate of adult feeding, chick feeding and adult attendance all decreased with chick age while chick aggressive behavior peaked when chicks were ca. 21 d post-hatch. I found that nests with at least one juvenile parent had a lower average clutch size, hatch rate, and number of …

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Comparison Of Compost Tea And Biological Fungicides For Control Of Early Blight In Organic Heirloom Tomato Production, Richard Kouyoumjian Dec 2007

Comparison Of Compost Tea And Biological Fungicides For Control Of Early Blight In Organic Heirloom Tomato Production, Richard Kouyoumjian

All Theses

The efficacy of compost tea was evaluated and compared alone and in combination with two biofungicides Serenade Max and Sonata for control of early blight caused by the fungal pathogen Alternaria tomatophila on tomato Solanum lycopersicum (L), heirloom cultivar `Cherokee Purple'. Results of field experiments over two growing seasons indicated that compost tea provided a low level of protection against early blight. The results were variable; most likely due to dry conditions and the presence of bacterial wilt the first year and tomato spotted wilt virus the second year. In both 2006 and 2007 field trials compost tea was not …

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Household Food Security, Dietary Intake, And Anthropometric Assessment Of Dominican Children, Elizabeth Wall Dec 2007

Household Food Security, Dietary Intake, And Anthropometric Assessment Of Dominican Children, Elizabeth Wall

All Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to assess nutrition and food security status of Dominican school children and their families. Anthropometric measures, diet recalls, and household food security surveys were used as tools in this assessment. This assessment may assist in prioritizing programs for the transitioning country of the Commonwealth of Dominica.
In year 1, 199 children and 197 children in year 2 from 10 primary schools in 3 regions participated in the study. Four of the schools were involved with school feeding programs while six were not involved in school feeding programs. Weight was measured on an electric scale; …

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Fungal Conversion And Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Processing For Value-Added Canola Oil, Meidui Dong Dec 2007

Fungal Conversion And Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Processing For Value-Added Canola Oil, Meidui Dong

All Dissertations

There is a growing awareness of health benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) e.g. arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4n6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n3). In general, plant seed oil and animal fat do not contains long-chain PUFAs with more than eighteen carbons. This study investigated the feasibility for addition of ARA and EPA to canola oil through the fermentation of fungi, Mortierella alpina, using canola flake, cake or meal as substrates. Supercritical CO2 extraction was also investigated for lipid extraction. In addition, a supercritical CO2 explosion process was characterized and applied to enhance oil extraction using supercritical CO2 and to potentially …

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Enhancing The Ability Of Panicum Virgatum To Survive Flooding And Its Effects On Soil Activity When Used For Lakeshore Stabilization, Lee Edwards Dec 2007

Enhancing The Ability Of Panicum Virgatum To Survive Flooding And Its Effects On Soil Activity When Used For Lakeshore Stabilization, Lee Edwards

All Dissertations

Reservoirs in upstate South Carolina are subject to erosion and vegetation has been placed to help stabilize banks, but soils are nutrient-poor and have high bulk densities. Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass) has been planted in several sites, and it is hypothesized that over time, changes in microbial activity and soil quality will occur in response to the planting. As vegetated sites aged, acid phosphomonoesterase, nitrate reductase, and dehydrogenase activity increased. Low values of nitrogen fixation and substrate-induced respiration were measured at all sites with no statistical differences between sites. Fatty acids indicative of Gram negative bacteria were found in vegetated …

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Nesting And Foraging Characteristics Of The Black Carpenter Ant Camponotus Pennsylvanicus (Degeer) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Donald Oswalt Dec 2007

Nesting And Foraging Characteristics Of The Black Carpenter Ant Camponotus Pennsylvanicus (Degeer) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Donald Oswalt

All Dissertations

Potential nesting sites of Camponotus pennsylvanicus (DeGeer) were investigated in South Carolina to determine if nesting sites features could be characterized by habitat features for black carpenter ant nests. Environmental data from forested plots showed large-scale habitat features such as vegetation density and canopy cover were not useful as indicators for the presence or absence of nests. Small-scale individual nest characteristics such as diameter at breast height of trees, log length, tree defect type or tree species were better indicators of occupied nests. In my study, C. pennsylvanicus preferred mature hardwood (Quercus spp.) trees approximately 30 cm in diameter and …

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The Lss Supernodulation Mutant In Medicago Truncatula: Genetics, Characterization And Mapping, Arijit Mukherjee Dec 2007

The Lss Supernodulation Mutant In Medicago Truncatula: Genetics, Characterization And Mapping, Arijit Mukherjee

All Dissertations

The symbiotic association between legumes and nitrogen fixing rhizobia culminates in the formation of root nodules. Legumes control the extent of root nodule formation through a regulatory mechanism in which nodulating roots induce a shoot response that signals back to the roots, inhibiting further nodule initiation. Disruption of genes involved in this regulatory process lead to super or hypernodulation. The lss (like sunn supernodulator) mutant of Medicago truncatula has been identified as a naturally occurring supernodulation mutation in the Jemalong cultivar. The phenotype of lss is practically indistinguishable from the phenotype of the previously isolated sunn mutant with respect to …

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The Alternative Fix - Talking Points, Derek Wilmott Dec 2007

The Alternative Fix - Talking Points, Derek Wilmott

Publications

The Alternative Fix examines the controversy over complementary and alternative medicine. This documentary features interviews with staunch supporters, skeptical scientists, and other observers on both sides of the alternative medicine debate.

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Influence Of Stroke Clinical Pathway On Documentation, Shannon Sternberg Dec 2007

Influence Of Stroke Clinical Pathway On Documentation, Shannon Sternberg

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether the implementation of a stroke clinical pathway could improve compliance with documentation of specific quality measures for patients admitted with the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, or transient ischemic attack. The study used the ten standardized performance measures for stroke identified by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) and integrated documentation of those measures into a stroke clinical pathway consisting of physician order sets, an interdisciplinary plan of care, and a patient/family education flow sheet. The American Stroke Association's Get with the Guidelines - Stroke (GWTG-Stroke) …

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Polyphenolic Profile And Antioxidant Activities Of Oolong Tea Infusion Under Various Steeping Conditions, Xinguo Su, Jun Duan, Yueming Jiang, Xuewu Duan, Feng Chen Nov 2007

Polyphenolic Profile And Antioxidant Activities Of Oolong Tea Infusion Under Various Steeping Conditions, Xinguo Su, Jun Duan, Yueming Jiang, Xuewu Duan, Feng Chen

Publications

The phenolic profile and antioxidant activities of oolong tea extract were investigated after tea was steeped in 90 or 100 oC water for 3 or 10 min. The extraction yield increased with increasing temperature and extended steeping time. However, higher temperature and longer time (100 oC water for 10 min) led to loss of phenolics. The aqueous extract of oolong tea (AEOT) at 100 oC for 3 min exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. The major polyphenolic components of the AEOT were identified as (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG). The two major catechins (EGC and EGCG) in the …

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1,3,7-Trideacetylkhivorin, Huaping Zhang, Don Vanderveer, Xi Wang, Feng Chen, Michael J. Wargovich Nov 2007

1,3,7-Trideacetylkhivorin, Huaping Zhang, Don Vanderveer, Xi Wang, Feng Chen, Michael J. Wargovich

Publications

The title D-seco limonoid, named 1,3,7-trideacetylkhivorin (systematic name: 14,15:21,23-diepoxy-1,3,7-trihydroxy-4,4,8-trimethyl-D-homo-24-nor-17-oxochola-20,22-diene-16-one), C26H36O7, was isolated from the stem bark of African mahogany Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae). The four fused six-membered rings adopt chair, chair, boat and half-chair conformations. The five-membered furan ring is disordered by a 180° rotation about the bond linking it to the pyran ring. The crystal structure is stabilized by strong classical O-HO hydrogen-bond interactions to form a network.

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The Tiger Vol. 101 Issue 17 2007-10-05, Clemson University Oct 2007

The Tiger Vol. 101 Issue 17 2007-10-05, Clemson University

Tiger Newspapers

No abstract provided.

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Addressing Hunger Issues Through Service Learning, Nancy Kershaw, Joy Jones, Sally Bowman, Holly Berry Sep 2007

Addressing Hunger Issues Through Service Learning, Nancy Kershaw, Joy Jones, Sally Bowman, Holly Berry

Journal of Youth Development

The U.S. Government has set a goal of reducing the prevalence of food insecurity to 6% or less by 2010. To achieve this goal, education and action are necessary. Youth in Oregon were introduced to the issue through the role playing simulation, Are You Hungry Tonight? The simulation was utilized with youth, adult volunteers, and youth development staff. Participants indicated increased understanding of people with limited resources, including: • Financial pressures, emotional stresses and frustrations they face • Difficulty of improving one’s situation • Difficult choices people make • Positive and negative impacts of community organizations Simulation participants developed an …

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Addressing Hunger Issues Through Service Learning, Nancy Kershaw, Joy Jones, Sally Bowman, Holly Berry Sep 2007

Addressing Hunger Issues Through Service Learning, Nancy Kershaw, Joy Jones, Sally Bowman, Holly Berry

Journal of Youth Development

The U.S. Government has set a goal of reducing the prevalence of food insecurity to 6% or less by 2010. To achieve this goal, education and action are necessary. Youth in Oregon were introduced to the issue through the role playing simulation, Are You Hungry Tonight? The simulation was utilized with youth, adult volunteers, and youth development staff. Participants indicated increased understanding of people with limited resources, including: • Financial pressures, emotional stresses and frustrations they face • Difficulty of improving one’s situation • Difficult choices people make • Positive and negative impacts of community organizations Simulation participants developed an …

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Survival Of Pacific White Shrimp, , In Low-Salinity And Mixed-Ion Environments, Kirk Parmenter Aug 2007

Survival Of Pacific White Shrimp, , In Low-Salinity And Mixed-Ion Environments, Kirk Parmenter

All Theses

This study was conducted to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of two different salt mixtures, MI-2 (NaCl, MgSO4, MgCl2, KCl, CaCl2, and NaHCO3) and MI (NaCl, MgCl2, KCl, and CaCl2) as compared to artificial sea salt (SS) to provide a sufficient environment for the survival of Litopenaeus vannamei and (2) determine if additions of the MI-2 salt mixture to low concentrations of sea salt would result in comparable survival as that seen in pure SS environments.
Tests conducted at 5 g/L of total dissolved solids showed that the pure SS treatment had a significantly higher survival rate than the MI-2 and …

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Peach Tree Root Demography And Soil Microbial Characteristics In Peach Replant Soils, Shann Tanner Aug 2007

Peach Tree Root Demography And Soil Microbial Characteristics In Peach Replant Soils, Shann Tanner

All Theses

Peach replant disorder (PRD) is a serious problem for peach growers throughout the United States. PRD refers to the pattern of reduced growth and yield observed in young peach trees planted on soil previously cropped with peaches. The conventional treatment for PRD, pre-plant soil fumigation with methyl bromide (a broad-spectrum biocide) adequately controls the disorder. This suggests that PRD results from harmful interaction(s) between the soil biotic community and peach roots. However, the specific causal agents of PRD are still unknown.
Methyl bromide is a known contributor to ozone depletion, and is only available to U.S. growers through Critical Use …

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Controlling Kudzu (Pueraria Montana) In Riparian Zones And High Risk Areas, Casey Newton Aug 2007

Controlling Kudzu (Pueraria Montana) In Riparian Zones And High Risk Areas, Casey Newton

All Theses

The effects of polyethylene sheeting as a thermal covering to eradicate kudzu were investigated on an area within the Clemson University Experimental Forest in Clemson, South Carolina on a Cecil clay loam. In 2005, the highest reduction of live root crowns was observed in the complete season treatment (covered for the entire growing season) with a reduction of 42% of live root crowns compared to control (no covering) plots. The next most effective was the one-week treatment (covered for one week, uncovered for one week, then repeated throughout the growing season) that reduced root crowns by 35%. The least effective …

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Sasajiscymnus Tsugae(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) As A Biological Control For Hemlock Woolly Adelgid , Wess Klunk Aug 2007

Sasajiscymnus Tsugae(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) As A Biological Control For Hemlock Woolly Adelgid , Wess Klunk

All Theses

To better understand the tritrophic interaction involving Sasajiscymnus tsugae Sasaji and McClure, hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand (HWA)), and Tsuga (hemlock) tree hosts, an experiment was designed to determine the fitness of S. tsugae while feeding on HWA infesting either eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) (Carriere)) or Carolina hemlock (T. caroliniana (Engelmann)). The predator in this interaction is S. tsugae, a possible biological control agent for HWA. In the eastern United States, preliminary work on S. tsugae for potential as a biological control agent for HWA was started in 1995. It was determined that S. tsugae was a promising …

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Subcutaneous Fsh Implants, Colette Floyd Aug 2007

Subcutaneous Fsh Implants, Colette Floyd

All Theses

Superovulation is an assisted reproductive technique used to hyperstimulate the ovaries in an attempt to proliferate desirable genetics by increasing the number of dominant follicles and oocytes available per estrous cycle. Unfortunately, the process is inefficient and costly due to FSH injection protocols, labor requirements, and animal stress. A sustained release implant as a novel FSH delivery mechanism could increase the efficiency and utility while reducing cost and animal stress. The objectives of these experiments were: to design and fabricate a sustained FSH release implant and evaluate the amount of FSH released in-vitro and in-vivo.
Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) was …

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Profiling The Quality Of End Of Life Care, Catherine Murton Aug 2007

Profiling The Quality Of End Of Life Care, Catherine Murton

All Theses

ABSTRACT
Despite increased national debate regarding quality of life and quality of care at the end of life, patients in the United States continue to die primarily in hospitals experiencing a myriad of distressing symptoms, leaving caregivers and healthcare professionals wondering if caring for the dying will ever change in this country. There are alternatives available, but it is necessary to assess current conditions for dying patients in order to change the status quo in end of life care. Profiling how patients experience the last few months of life, as well as their terminal hospital stay, is a starting point …

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Clemson Commencement Program, August 2007, Clemson University Aug 2007

Clemson Commencement Program, August 2007, Clemson University

Clemson Commencement Programs

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of White-Tailed Deer Herbivory On Forest Plant Communities, John Thrift Aug 2007

Effects Of White-Tailed Deer Herbivory On Forest Plant Communities, John Thrift

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ABSTRACT
The impact of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) herbivory on forest ecosystems has received more attention as deer populations continue to increase in many areas. We investigated the effects of deer herbivory on plant communities in three different geographic regions to increase the general knowledge of herbivory impacts and also to investigate specific regional effects where research has been lacking.
Twelve exclosures were constructed in clearcut hardwood stands on the Clemson Experimental Forest, SC. Sapling, seedling, and understory species richness (S), Shannon's Diversity Index (H'), and Evenness (J') were compared between exclosures and paired control plots after the first and …

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Thrombocyte Response To Lipopolysaccharide In Stress Induced Broiler Chicks, Farzana Ferdous Aug 2007

Thrombocyte Response To Lipopolysaccharide In Stress Induced Broiler Chicks, Farzana Ferdous

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The role of thrombocytes, nucleated blood leukocytes, on immune responses in chickens fed diets supplemented with vitamin C has not been studied in the past. This study investigates the effects of three types of diets(control, control with corticosterone, and control with corticosterone and vitamin C) in 14-day old broiler chicks on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-12 in thrombocytes. In addition, the effect of LPS, a microbial component to which broiler chicks can be exposed, on the expression of these pro-inflammatory cytokines was investigated. After two weeks of feeding, blood samples from the chicks were collected and …

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Almond Skins As A Natural Antioxidant, Heather Johnson Aug 2007

Almond Skins As A Natural Antioxidant, Heather Johnson

All Theses

In this thesis, the potential for almond skins in their native state as a natural antioxidant in foods was explored. A literature review of general information on almonds, research done on almond skins, and general information on antioxidants is presented. The almond skins used in this study required an additional heat treatment step to improve their microbiological quality before further treatments and analysis could be performed. A descriptive analysis sensory panel was utilized to identify potential flavor and aroma descriptors and their intensities. The aroma descriptors identified were toasted, bran, and toasted; nutty. The flavor descriptors identified were toasted, bran, …

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Soil Fertility Management In Organic Vegetable Production, Susannah Rauton Aug 2007

Soil Fertility Management In Organic Vegetable Production, Susannah Rauton

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Organic vegetable production is a rapidly growing sector of agriculture. Due to limitations on synthetic inputs imposed by the USDA National Organic Program (NOP), research is necessary to determine which soil amendments are viable options for organic farmers. Field trials were conducted at the Clemson University Calhoun Fields Laboratory Student Organic Farm. A variety of vegetable crops were grown, including Jericho lettuce in the springs of 2005 and 2006, yellow crookneck squash in the summers of 2005 and 2006, and Early Jersey Wakefield cabbage in the fall of 2005. Soil amendment treatments consisted of combinations of the following: poultry compost, …

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Carbon Nanomaterials In Biological Systems, Sijie Lin Aug 2007

Carbon Nanomaterials In Biological Systems, Sijie Lin

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ABSTRACT


This thesis intends to present, from the biophysical viewpoint, my study on understanding carbon nanomaterials in biological and environmental systems. Carbon nanotubes and fullerenes represent a major family of carbon nanoparticles which possess distinct electrical, optical and mechanical properties. However, the major hurdle for making carbon nanomaterials bioavailable lies in their tendency toward bundling, driven by hydrophobic interaction, van der Waals force, and pi-stacking. To overcome this problem, we used non-covalent binding of zwitterionic lysophopholipids (LPL) onto the external surfaces of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). This method affords superior SWNT solubility in aqueous solution. The stability of SWNT-LPL complex …

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Functional Characterization Of Ectodysplasin-1 And Identification Of Novel Candidate Genes For Ectodermal Dysplasias And Associated Clinical Features, Bradley Griggs Aug 2007

Functional Characterization Of Ectodysplasin-1 And Identification Of Novel Candidate Genes For Ectodermal Dysplasias And Associated Clinical Features, Bradley Griggs

All Dissertations

Ectodermal dysplasias (ED) are a group of developmental disorders in which ectodermally derived structures are abnormally formed or absent entirely. The molecular signaling pathway controlling the differentiation of ectodermal appendages has been well documented in recent years. However, questions remain concerning the key signaling molecule of this pathway, ectodysplasin-1 (EDA), the identity of the EDA signaling pathway's target genes, and the presence of additional phenotypes observed in some patients.
Despite the intensive study of EDA in recent years, the functional significance of the N-terminal intracellular domain of ectodysplasin-1 (N-EDA) has remained elusive. The yeast two-hybrid system was employed to further …

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Differentiation Modulation Of Adult Stem Cells In An Adipose System, Aditya Chaubey Aug 2007

Differentiation Modulation Of Adult Stem Cells In An Adipose System, Aditya Chaubey

All Dissertations

The need for soft tissue reconstruction or augmentation has increased continuously over the years. This need is compounded by patients suffering from post-traumatic repair and congenital soft-tissue deformities. All the current options available to treat the soft tissue deformities have inherent difficulties associated with them. Hence, more research is needed to come up with a better solution to this problem which is only going to increase in magnitude. Tissue engineering is a relatively new technique which has the potential to deliver a cell-based device which can overcome the problems associated with traditional therapies. However, before it becomes clinically viable we …

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Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences Of Hordeum Vulgare, Sorghum Bicolor And Agrostis Stolonifera, And Comparative Analyses With Other Grass Genomes, Susanna Ashton, Seung-Bum Lee, Siri Fjellheim, Chittibabu Guda, Robert K. Jansen, Hong Luo, Jeffrey Tomkins, Odd Arne Rognli, Henry Daniell, Jihong Liu Clarke Aug 2007

Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences Of Hordeum Vulgare, Sorghum Bicolor And Agrostis Stolonifera, And Comparative Analyses With Other Grass Genomes, Susanna Ashton, Seung-Bum Lee, Siri Fjellheim, Chittibabu Guda, Robert K. Jansen, Hong Luo, Jeffrey Tomkins, Odd Arne Rognli, Henry Daniell, Jihong Liu Clarke

Publications

Comparisons of complete chloroplast genome sequences of Hordeum vulgare, Sorghum bicolor and Agrostis stolonifera to six published grass chloroplast genomes reveal that gene content and order are similar but two microstructural changes have occurred. First, the expansion of the IR at the SSC/IRa boundary that duplicates a portion of the 5′ end of ndhH is restricted to the three genera of the subfamily Pooideae (Agrostis, Hordeum and Triticum). Second, a 6 bp deletion in ndhK is shared by Agrostis, Hordeum, Oryza and Triticum, and this event supports the sister relationship between the subfamilies …

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Bioinformatics Tool Development And Sequence Analysis Of Rosaceae Family Expressed Sequence Tags, Margaret Staton May 2007

Bioinformatics Tool Development And Sequence Analysis Of Rosaceae Family Expressed Sequence Tags, Margaret Staton

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BACKGROUND: An international community of researchers has generated a significant number of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) for the Rosaceae, an economically important plant family that includes most temperate fruits such as apple, cherry, peach, and strawberry as well as other commercially valuable members. ESTs are fragments of expressed genes that can be used for gene discovery, developing markers for mapping and cultivar improvement via marker assisted selection. Efficient dissemination and integration of this data is best facilitated through a centralized and curated database with associated sequence analysis tools.

DESCRIPTION: The Genome Database for Rosaceae (GDR) was initiated to provide a …

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