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Supernova Injection Of Short-Lived Radionuclides Into The Presolar Cloud: A Feasibility Study, Keith Davis Aug 2007

Supernova Injection Of Short-Lived Radionuclides Into The Presolar Cloud: A Feasibility Study, Keith Davis

All Dissertations

Meteorite inclusions show that the early solar system was radioactive with species of short lifetimes compared to the formation time of the solar system. Transporting the radioactive material from the creation site to the formation site of the sun was expected to take enough time that these species should have decayed to nonexistence. Some special series of events seems necessary to speed the process along. Cameron & Truran (1977) suggested that the source of these short-lived radionuclides could have been a supernova. Numerical hydrodynamic studies have shown that slow shockwaves can inject material into a small, dense cloud core. Most …

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Mixed Quantum-Classical Molecular Dynamics Study Of A Hydrated Electron And An Investigation Of Temperature Control Algorithms, Janet Aremu-Cole Aug 2007

Mixed Quantum-Classical Molecular Dynamics Study Of A Hydrated Electron And An Investigation Of Temperature Control Algorithms, Janet Aremu-Cole

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The use of classical and quantum mechanics has been employed in this dissertation to study temperature control algorithms and a hydrated electron. A comparison of the effects of four commonly used temperature control algorithms on the energetics and dynamics of liquid water has been executed, in efforts to better understand the non-equipartitioning effects caused by some thermostats. The Berendsen, Andersen, Langevin, and velocity rescaling temperature control algorithms were applied to both dimer and bulk water systems, using the TIP4P water model. The two deterministic thermostats, Berendsen and velocity rescaling, display the 'flying ice cube effect' that had been noticed earlier …

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Elementary School Teachers' Understanding Of Essential Topics In Statistics And The Influence Of Assessment Instruments And A Reform Curriculum Upon Their Understanding, Timothy Jacobbe Aug 2007

Elementary School Teachers' Understanding Of Essential Topics In Statistics And The Influence Of Assessment Instruments And A Reform Curriculum Upon Their Understanding, Timothy Jacobbe

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With the increased emphasis on statistics at the elementary school level as recommended by the GAISE document, it is important to consider the current status of teachers' understanding of statistics. This study explored teachers' understanding as they implemented new curricula materials which have ten lessons focused on statistical topics at each grade level. These curricula materials provided a medium for discussion that helped reveal whether or not elementary school teachers possess an adequate understanding of essential topics in statistics to implement the standards they are now called upon to teach.
The results of this study indicate that elementary school teachers …

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Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere Neutral Winds Observations Using Rocket-Released Chemical Trails At Poker Flat, Alaska, Tianyu Zhan Aug 2007

Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere Neutral Winds Observations Using Rocket-Released Chemical Trails At Poker Flat, Alaska, Tianyu Zhan

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Sounding rocket campaigns ARIA I through ARIA IV, CODA 2, HEX 1, JOULE 1 and JOULE 2 all carried out at Poker Flat Research Range at Alaska, covering the geomagnetic condition from quiet to highly disturbed. Trimethyl aluminum (TMA) were released during the rocket flights to study the mesosphere and lower thermosphere neutral wind at high-latitude region. The results of horizontal neutral wind profiles are presented. The comparison shows that under disturbed condition the wind velocity is stronger and the jet feature at the bottom side of wind maximum with unstable wind shear is lifted to a higher altitude. Under …

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Permutation Decoding Of Codes From Graphs And Designs, Padmapani Seneviratne Aug 2007

Permutation Decoding Of Codes From Graphs And Designs, Padmapani Seneviratne

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Permutation decoding is a technique, developed by Jessie McWilliams in 1960's. It involves finding a set of automorphisms of the code, called a PD-set. If such a set exists and if the generator matrix of the code is in standard form then a simple algorithm using this set can be followed to correct the maximum number of errors of which the code is capable. Primarily this method was used originally on cyclic codes and Golay codes.
In this dissertation we study binary codes formed from an adjacency matrix of some classes of graphs and apply the permutation decoding method to …

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Planning, Scheduling, And Timetabling In A University Setting, Christine Kraft Aug 2007

Planning, Scheduling, And Timetabling In A University Setting, Christine Kraft

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Methods and procedures for modeling university student populations, predicting course enrollment, allocating course seats, and timetabling final examinations are studied and proposed. The university enrollment model presented uses a multi-dimensional state space based on student demographics and the Markov property, rather than longitudinal data to model student movement. The procedure for creating adaptive course prediction models uses student characteristics to identify groups of undergraduates whose specific course enrollment rates are significantly different than the rest of the university population. Historical enrollment rates and current semester information complete the model for predicting enrollment for the coming semester. The course prediction model …

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Non-Boltzamann Sampling For The Accurate Calculation Of Peptide-Surface Adsorption Free Energy, Feng Wang Aug 2007

Non-Boltzamann Sampling For The Accurate Calculation Of Peptide-Surface Adsorption Free Energy, Feng Wang

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%Abstract
The objectives of this project are 1) the setup and refinement of peptide-SAM surface model systems with explicit water using CHARMM and 2) the development of up-to-date simulation protocols for the accurate calculation of adsorption free energy by incorporating the recent development of non-Boltzmann sampling methods in molecular dynamics and applying it for the calculation of adsorption free energy of short peptides onto well-characterized self-assembled monolayers, which is important for understanding protein/surface interactions.
A software package called the Simulation Template Engine for Peptides at Surfaces (STEPS) was developed for the fulfillment of the first objective. It facilitates the automatic …

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Control Techniques For Robot Manipulator Systems With Modeling Uncertainties, David Braganza Aug 2007

Control Techniques For Robot Manipulator Systems With Modeling Uncertainties, David Braganza

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This dissertation describes the design and implementation of various nonlinear control strategies for robot manipulators whose dynamic or kinematic models are uncertain. Chapter 2 describes the development of an adaptive task-space tracking controller for robot manipulators with uncertainty in the kinematic and dynamic models. The controller is developed based on the unit quaternion representation so that singularities associated with the otherwise commonly used three parameter representations are avoided. Experimental results for a planar application of the Barrett whole arm manipulator (WAM) are provided to illustrate the performance of the developed adaptive controller.
The controller developed in Chapter 2 requires the …

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Linear-Time Algorithms For Edge-Based Problems, Alan Jamieson Aug 2007

Linear-Time Algorithms For Edge-Based Problems, Alan Jamieson

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There is a dearth of algorithms that deal with edge-based problems in trees, specifically algorithms for edge sets that satisfy a particular parameter. The goal of this thesis is to create a methodology for designing algorithms for these edge-based problems. We will present a variant of the Wimer method [Wimer et al. 1985] [Wimer 1987] that can handle edge properties. We call this variant the Wimer edge variant. The thesis is divided into three sections, the first being a chapter devoted to defining and discussing the Wimer edge variant in depth, showing how to develop an algorithm using this variant, …

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Numerical Approximation Of Shear-Thinning And Johnson-Segalman Viscoelastic Fluid Flows, Jason Howell Aug 2007

Numerical Approximation Of Shear-Thinning And Johnson-Segalman Viscoelastic Fluid Flows, Jason Howell

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In this work computational approaches to the numerical simulation of steady-state viscoelastic fluid flow are investigated. In particular, two aspects of computing viscoelastic flows are of interest: 1) the stable computation of high Weissenberg number Johnson-Segalman fluids and 2) low-order approaches to simulating the flow of fluids obeying a power law constitutive model.
The numerical simulation of viscoelastic fluid flow becomes more difficult as a physical parameter, the Weissenberg number, increases. Specifically, at a Weissenberg number larger than a critical value, the iterative nonlinear solver fails to converge. For the nonlinear Johnson-Segalman constitutive model, defect-correction and continuation methods are examined …

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Vertex-Edge And Edge-Vertex Parameters In Graphs, Jason Lewis Aug 2007

Vertex-Edge And Edge-Vertex Parameters In Graphs, Jason Lewis

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The majority of graph theory research on parameters involved with domination, independence, and irredundance has focused on either sets of vertices or sets of edges; for example, sets of vertices that dominate all other vertices or sets of edges that dominate all other edges. There has been very little research on ``mixing'' vertices and edges. We investigate several new and several little-studied parameters, including vertex-edge domination, vertex-edge irredundance, vertex-edge independence, edge-vertex domination, edge-vertex irredundance, and edge-vertex independence.

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Quantitative Methods And Detection Techniques In Hyperspectral Imaging Involving Medical And Other Applications, Ankita Roy Aug 2007

Quantitative Methods And Detection Techniques In Hyperspectral Imaging Involving Medical And Other Applications, Ankita Roy

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This research using Hyperspectral imaging involves recognizing targets through spatial and spectral matching and spectral un-mixing of data ranging from remote sensing to medical imaging kernels for clinical studies based on Hyperspectral data-sets generated using the VFTHSI [Visible Fourier Transform Hyperspectral Imager], whose high resolution Si detector makes the analysis achievable. The research may be broadly classified into (I) A Physically Motivated Correlation Formalism (PMCF), which places both spatial and spectral data on an equivalent mathematical footing in the context of a specific Kernel and (II) An application in RF plasma specie detection during carbon nanotube growing process. (III) Hyperspectral …

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Nonlinear Vibration And Frequency Response Analysis Of Nanomechanical Cantilever Beams, Seyed Nima Mahmoodi Aug 2007

Nonlinear Vibration And Frequency Response Analysis Of Nanomechanical Cantilever Beams, Seyed Nima Mahmoodi

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Microcantilevers are one the most commonly utilized microelectromechanical systems in a variant of the ultra-precise scanning and characterization application. Of particular interest, the problem of vibrations of microcantilevers has recently received considerable attention due to its application in several nanotechnological instruments such as atomic force microscopy, nanomechanical cantilever sensors and friction force microscopy. For applications such as these, the problem of coupled flexural-torsional nonlinear vibrations of a piezoelectrically-actuated microcantilever beam is considered in this dissertation. The actuation and sensing are both facilitated through bonding a piezoelectric layer (here, ZnO) on the microcantilever surface. The beam is considered to have simultaneous …

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Electronic Structure Of Mos2 Nanotubes, Lingyun Xu Aug 2007

Electronic Structure Of Mos2 Nanotubes, Lingyun Xu

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First-principles methods enable one to study the electronic structure of solids, surfaces, or clusters as accurately as possible with moderate computational effort.
So we used a first-principles electronic structure method to calculate the electronic structure of free-standing layer of MoS2 with ABA and ABC stacking. Our results suggest MoS2 with ABA stacking which appears as an insulator has an energy gap of 1.64 eV. The covalent bonds between molybdenum and sulfur atoms are strong enough to form this gap. The ABC stacking will break the symmetry and becomes metallic. The valance and impurities calculations show the rigid-band picture …

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In Situ Photopolymerized Hydrogels For Enhancing Protein Delivery, Chien-Chi Lin Aug 2007

In Situ Photopolymerized Hydrogels For Enhancing Protein Delivery, Chien-Chi Lin

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In recent years, there has been immense interest in the utilization of photopolymerized hydrogels as carriers for controlled protein delivery and cell scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Although poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels formed from mild photopolymerization methods have been suggested as biocompatible matrices that allow for safely encapsulating biomolecules including proteins, peptides, DNA, and cells, the adverse effects of photopolymerization reactions on the encapsulated proteins have largely been overlooked. In addition, conventional hydrophilic hydrogels fail to effectively control protein delivery rates due to their high permeability. These two problems are critical since the delivery of protein therapeutics from hydrogel matrices …

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Nonlinear Control Strategies For Advanced Vehicle Thermal Management Systems, Mohammad Salah Aug 2007

Nonlinear Control Strategies For Advanced Vehicle Thermal Management Systems, Mohammad Salah

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Advanced thermal management systems for internal combustion engines can improve coolant temperature regulation and servo-motor power consumption to positively impact the tailpipe emissions, fuel economy, and parasitic losses by better regulating the combustion process with multiple computer controlled components. The traditional thermostat valve, coolant pump, and clutch-driven radiator fan are upgraded with servo-motor actuators. When the system components function harmoniously, desired thermal conditions can be accomplished in a power efficient manner. Although the vehicle's mechanical loads can be driven by electric servo-motors, the power demands often require large actuator sizes and electrical currents. Integrating hydraulically-driven actuators in the cooling circuit …

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Thermodynamic Adsorption Studies Of Peptides On Well-Defined, Surface-Confined Polymers With Applications In Membrane Bioseparations, Nripen Singh Aug 2007

Thermodynamic Adsorption Studies Of Peptides On Well-Defined, Surface-Confined Polymers With Applications In Membrane Bioseparations, Nripen Singh

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This dissertation deals with the fundamental studies of peptide adsorption on surfaces modified by surface-confined polymer films, with an application emphasis on membrane bioseparations. In order to understand protein adsorption at a fundamental level, it is important to study the specific residue-level interactions with surfaces. Keeping this idea in view, the present work describes experimental measurements of submolecular-level interaction energies involved in the process of peptide adsorption on polymer films using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Gibbs energy change on adsorption (ΔGad) for tyrosine, phenylalanine, and glycine homopeptides were measured at 25 °C and pH 7 on highly uniform, nanothin polymer …

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Τέχνη And Quest-Oriented Learning, Sarah Matzko Aug 2007

Τέχνη And Quest-Oriented Learning, Sarah Matzko

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A new approach for teaching undergraduate computer science courses is presented. A general teaching approach that is its basis is also described. Summaries and guides to several introductory courses are provided. Results from the use of the curriculum are presented, and other applications of the approach are suggested.

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2007 Summary Report On Institutional Effectiveness, Clemson University Aug 2007

2007 Summary Report On Institutional Effectiveness, Clemson University

Institutional Effectiveness Reports

No abstract provided.

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The Evolution Of Protoplanetary Disks: A Decade Of Hst Coronagraphy, Sean Brittain, C Grady, G Schneider, B E. Woodgate, J P. Wisniewski, M L. Sitko, K Collins Jun 2007

The Evolution Of Protoplanetary Disks: A Decade Of Hst Coronagraphy, Sean Brittain, C Grady, G Schneider, B E. Woodgate, J P. Wisniewski, M L. Sitko, K Collins

Presentation

No abstract provided.

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An Investigation Of Nonlinear Estimation And System Design For Mechatronic Systems, Tim Hughes May 2007

An Investigation Of Nonlinear Estimation And System Design For Mechatronic Systems, Tim Hughes

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This thesis is a collection of two projects in which the author was involved during his master's degree program. The first project involves the estimation of 3D Euclidean coordinates of features from 2D images. A 3D Euclidean position estimation strategy is developed for a static object using a single moving camera whose motion is known. This Euclidean depth estimator has a very simple mathematical structure and is easy to implement. Numerical simulations and experimental results using a mobile robot in an indoor environment are presented to illustrate the performance of the algorithm. The second section describes the design of a …

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Spatial Sensors For Quantitative Assessment Of Retrieved Arthroplasty Bearings, Melinda Harman May 2007

Spatial Sensors For Quantitative Assessment Of Retrieved Arthroplasty Bearings, Melinda Harman

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Evaluation of retrieved joint arthroplasty bearings provides unique evidence related to the physiological environment in which bearing materials are expected to perform. This dissertation describes the development of novel spatial sensors and measurement strategies for standardized, quantitative assessments of arthroplasty bearings, including total knee replacements, unicompartmental knee replacements, and total hip replacements. The approach is to assess bearings that endured a finite duration of function in patients, with particular emphasis on expanding our understanding of the biomechanical conditions specific to bearing function and wear in the physiological environment. Several quantifiable parameters are identified that prove comparable to pre-clinical in vitro …

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Synthesis, Reactions, And Applications Of Bis-Ortho-Diynyl Arene (Boda) Monomers, Polymers, And Derivatives, Mark Perpall May 2007

Synthesis, Reactions, And Applications Of Bis-Ortho-Diynyl Arene (Boda) Monomers, Polymers, And Derivatives, Mark Perpall

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Bis-ortho-diynyl arenes (BODA) monomers contain two arenediyne functional groups with variable functionality at both the linker group, X, and the alkyne terminal group, R. These arenediyne moieties undergo thermal Bergman reactions to cycloaromatize to naphthyl diradical species. The inclusion of two of these arenediyne functionalities allows the polymer to grow without losing processability and solubility as most aromatic polymers do. The second functionality acts as a solubilizing group until all functionalities are consumed in the fully cured network polymer.
When heated above 800 °C, BODA polymer converts to a high-yield glassy carbon material. This work has been extended …

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Equitable Efficiency In Multiple Criteria Optimization, Vijay Singh May 2007

Equitable Efficiency In Multiple Criteria Optimization, Vijay Singh

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Equitable efficiency in multiple criteria optimization was introduced mathematically in the middle of nineteen-nineties. The concept tends to strengthen the notion of Pareto efficiency by imposing additional conditions on the preference
structure defining the Pareto preference. It is especially designed to solve multiple criteria problems having commensurate criteria where different criteria values can be compared directly.

In this dissertation we study some theoretical and practical aspects of equitably efficient solutions. The literature on equitable efficiency is not very extensive and provides very limited number of ways of generating such solutions. After introducing
some relevant notations, we develop some scalarization based …

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Viability, Functionality, And Genetic Assessment Of Cells After Laser Guidance, Tabitha Rosenbalm May 2007

Viability, Functionality, And Genetic Assessment Of Cells After Laser Guidance, Tabitha Rosenbalm

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We systematically vary the controllable laser parameters, namely, wavelength, intensity, and exposure time of the laser on single cells to clearly establish laser parameters that allow negligible cell damage with significant cellular position control. To accomplish this goal, embryonic day 7 (E7) chick forebrains neurons were cultured with control and test cells selected one hour after seeding to allow attachment, at which time test cells were subjected to the laser. Cells were imaged at 4, 12, 24, and 36 hours after laser exposure to evaluate viability and functionality by using the Live/Dead Viability Cytotoxicity Kit (Molecular Probes L3224) and measuring …

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Software Development For Mechatronics Systems: Simulation Of Multiple Uav Navigation And Device Driver Interface For The Q4 Data Acquisition Card, Ninad Pradhan May 2007

Software Development For Mechatronics Systems: Simulation Of Multiple Uav Navigation And Device Driver Interface For The Q4 Data Acquisition Card, Ninad Pradhan

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Mechatronics systems are often a close interleaving of different aspects of hardware, software, control and mechanical design. Two such aspects are delved into in greater detail for this thesis, both related to software development.
Simulations are used to know the practical conditions under which a control design is effective. The system simulated in this case was a multiple vehicle system, where the vehicles navigated from source to a destination configuration avoiding two different kinds of obstacles.
Post simulation, a system is implemented using hardware and tested using an experimental setup. Data Acquisition Boards such as the Quanser Q4 are used …

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Design And Development Of An In-House Scanning Tunneling Microscope System, Esvar Subramanian May 2007

Design And Development Of An In-House Scanning Tunneling Microscope System, Esvar Subramanian

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ABSTRACT
The invention of Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) by Binnig and Rohrer in 1982 eliminated the use of optical lenses and replaced the conventional optical microscopes with a new class of microscopes called the Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPM). Because of their unique characteristics such as higher resolution and acquisition of nano level images without affecting the physical properties of the sample, they have found wide applications in a variety of scientific disciplines such as biology, material science and electrochemistry. After considerable advancements in instrumentation, the STM has evolved as a nanomanipulation and nanofabrication tool. It operates in two modes: constant …

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Exploratory Synthesis And Characterization Of New Mixed-Framework Chalcohalides And Oxyhalide And Its Potential Applications For Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor, Lei Wang May 2007

Exploratory Synthesis And Characterization Of New Mixed-Framework Chalcohalides And Oxyhalide And Its Potential Applications For Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor, Lei Wang

All Dissertations

Due to the excellent diverse properties and performance, solid-state material with low-dimensional crystal structure has always been interested by solid-state scientists. Besides the interesting properties, the low-dimensional-structured materials are used as the platform for further research and application of semiconductor and optical devices, as well as theoretic studies. My dissertation research mainly focuses on two aspects: discovery of solids with low-dimensional crystal structure; fabrication and investigation of new materials using the discovered materials as the platform.
The idea of mixed-anion-framework has been used in synthesis of novel low-dimensional-structured solid-state materials. The stereo-active Sb3+/Bi3+ chalcogenides building units and …

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The Interactive Medical Emergency Department (Imed): Architectural Integration Of Digital Systems Into The Emergency Care Environment, David Ruthven May 2007

The Interactive Medical Emergency Department (Imed): Architectural Integration Of Digital Systems Into The Emergency Care Environment, David Ruthven

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In healthcare, the architectural response to the development of information technologies has largely been relegated to a reactive role, essentially waiting for systems to develop and simply accommodating them with appropriately sized spaces. Designing IT systems independently from, rather than integrally with, their environment impedes them from reaching their full potential as vital components in the delivery of care by creating a lack of flexibility, decelerating performance, and degrading the healing environment. The flexibility of the environment is compromised by fixed position, single user data systems which prevent it from actively adapting to changing conditions, especially during volumetric surges associated …

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The Estuarine Killifish, Fundulus Heteroclitus, As A Model System For Developmental Immunotoxicology , Laura Hunt May 2007

The Estuarine Killifish, Fundulus Heteroclitus, As A Model System For Developmental Immunotoxicology , Laura Hunt

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Little is known about the development of the immune system in estuarine teleosts. The aim of this study was to describe the disappearance of maternally-derived immune components of immunity and the development of the immune system in the estuarine killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, also known as the mummichog. Maternal-derived IgM was measured by ELISA and whole body lysozyme levels were determined by both enzymatic and immunological methods. Recombination activation gene-1 (Rag-1) expression was quantified using real time quantitative PCR and organ development was monitored using histological techniques. Rag-1 was cloned from F.heteroclitus and a recombinant Rag-1 protein was expressed for the …

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