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Pilot-Scale Constructed Wetland Treatment System For Ammonia Removal From Oil-Field Produced Water, Yun Song Dec 2010

Pilot-Scale Constructed Wetland Treatment System For Ammonia Removal From Oil-Field Produced Water, Yun Song

All Theses

This investigation examined the feasibility of using free-water surface constructed wetland systems (CWTSs) to decrease the ammonia concentration in oil-field produced water. The objective of this research was to design constructed wetland experiments to determine specific conditions that decrease aqueous ammonia concentrations in simulated oilfield produced water. The design of these experiments was based on biogeochemical pathways of nitrification and denitrification. The experiments included three scales: bench-scale, single-cell, and pilot-scale. Bench-scale reactors contained wetland plants (Typha latifolia) and hydrosoil in 5-gallon buckets. Single wetland cells were constructed by adding hydrosoil and plants (T. latifolia and Schoenoplectus californicus) to 70-gallon containers. …

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A Meta-Analysis Of Human Factors Analysis And Classification System Causal Factors: Establishing Benchmarking Standards And Human Error Latent Failure Pathway Associations In Various Domains, Katherine Berry Dec 2010

A Meta-Analysis Of Human Factors Analysis And Classification System Causal Factors: Establishing Benchmarking Standards And Human Error Latent Failure Pathway Associations In Various Domains, Katherine Berry

All Dissertations

Many models of accident investigation have been created and have served as the basis for other tools and techniques. One of the most prominent techniques, Reason's Swiss Cheese Model (1990), is based on the idea of active and latent failures. Expanding on this idea, the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) was created with the idea to associate contributing factors and errors (Wiegmann & Shappell, 2003).
While HFACS has been frequently applied in the field of aviation in literature, other industry types are under-represented. Seventeen data sources encompassing various industry types were collected and included in this dissertation analysis. …

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The Effects Of A Course On Statistical Literacy Upon Students' Challenges To Statistical Claims Made In The Media, Rose Martinez-Dawson Dec 2010

The Effects Of A Course On Statistical Literacy Upon Students' Challenges To Statistical Claims Made In The Media, Rose Martinez-Dawson

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Statistical literacy involves critically evaluating and questioning statistics encountered in everyday life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate students' questions (challenges) concerning statistics encountered in everyday life and how these challenges differed before and after taking an undergraduate statistics course, entitled Statistics in Everyday Life 200 (SIEL), which focused on statistical literacy. One hundred forty-four students were given three media articles to indicate questions they had concerning statistics cited in the articles and explain why these questions were important to ask. Students' responses were categorized based on the topic and were assessed using the Statistics Literacy Components Rubric …

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Debugging Techniques For Locating Defects In Software Architectures, Kyungsoo Im Dec 2010

Debugging Techniques For Locating Defects In Software Architectures, Kyungsoo Im

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The explicit design of the architecture for a software product is a well established part of development projects. As the software architecture descriptions are becoming larger and more complex, there is more likelihood of defects being present in the software architecture. Studies have shown that a defect in the software architecture that has propagated to the development phase is very expensive to fix. To prevent such propagation of defects, this research proposes to provide debugging support for software architecture design.
Debugging is commonly used in programming languages to effectively find the cause of a failure and locate the error to …

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An Investigation Of Metaheuristics Using Path- Relinking On The Quadratic Assignment Problem, Thashika Rupasinghe Dec 2010

An Investigation Of Metaheuristics Using Path- Relinking On The Quadratic Assignment Problem, Thashika Rupasinghe

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The Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) is a widely researched, yet complex, combinatorial optimization problem that is applicable in modeling many real-world problems. Specifically, many optimization problems are formulated as QAPs. To resolve QAPs, the recent trends have been to use metaheuristics rather than exact or heuristic methods, and many researchers have found that the use of hybrid metaheuristics is actually more effective. A newly proposed hybrid metaheuristic is path relinking (PR), which is used to generate solutions by combining two or more reference solutions. In this dissertation, we investigated these diversification and intensification mechanisms using QAP. To satisfy the extensive …

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Design And Regioselective Synthesis Of Two And Three-Pronged C60 Fullerene Derivatives And Their Applications In Molecular Electronics, Angy Ortiz-Hernandez Dec 2010

Design And Regioselective Synthesis Of Two And Three-Pronged C60 Fullerene Derivatives And Their Applications In Molecular Electronics, Angy Ortiz-Hernandez

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Since the introduction of semiconductors in the second half of the 20th century, advancements in electronics and technology have been tremendous. In particular, the rapid development of silicon-based computer chip technology and miniaturization of electronic components has been tremendous. Since silicon-based materials have a limit in terms of size, scientists proposed that individual molecules could behave as single electronic components for high degree of miniaturization.
Given that the molecules of interest must have dimensions on the nanometer scale, be able to bind to the electrode surface and have electron donor-acceptor properties, C60 fullerene has been a prime candidate for …

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Novel Neomycin Conjugates For Multi-Recognition Of Nucleic Acids, Albert Willis Dec 2010

Novel Neomycin Conjugates For Multi-Recognition Of Nucleic Acids, Albert Willis

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Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic known for its high affinity for RNA duplex structures. Recent developments from our labs have indicated that aminoglycoside binding is not limited to RNA, but to nucleic acids that, like RNA, adopt conformations similar to A-form. Our group sought to further expand the utility of aminoglycoside binding to B-DNA structures by conjugating neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, with the B-DNA minor groove binding ligand Hoechst 33258. Envisioning a dual groove-binding mode, we have extended the potential recognition process to include a third, intercalative moiety. Furthermore, we observe remarkable recognition of such conjugates with RNA duplex. Spectroscopic …

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Packet Error Rate Predictive Model For Sensor Radios On Fast Rotating Structures, Lei Tang Dec 2010

Packet Error Rate Predictive Model For Sensor Radios On Fast Rotating Structures, Lei Tang

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Wireless sensing technologies have raised widespread interests in the applications for monitoring fast rotating or moving machinery structures in manufacturing environments. Over the past five years, a few wireless sensor systems have been implemented and proven to feasibly work under fast rotation conditions. However, few of these studies evaluated data transmission performance of the wireless communication systems. Although the manufacturing environments are known to be harsh for wireless communication, in many cases, an excellent data throughput is critical for such systems. Conventional statistical methods for studying wireless communication channels are not sufficient in this specific field.
This dissertation presents systematic …

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Approximation Algorithms For Network Interdiction And Fortification Problems, Adam Whitley Dec 2010

Approximation Algorithms For Network Interdiction And Fortification Problems, Adam Whitley

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This dissertation discusses algorithms and results on several NP–hard graph problems which can all be classified as network interdiction and network fortification problems.
The first problem studied, the multiway cut problem, is a generalization of the well–studied s–t min–cut problem, in which we must remove a minimum–cost subset of edges from a graph so that r > 2 designated terminals become disconnected from each other. We investigate an approximation algorithm for general r with a relatively simple analysis guaranteeing an approximation ratio ≤ 1.4647 − epsilonr, where epsilonr is a small constant related to the number of terminals …

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Poly (Acrylonitrile-Co-1-Vinylimidazole): A New Melt Processable Carbon Fiber Precursor, Wenjin Deng Dec 2010

Poly (Acrylonitrile-Co-1-Vinylimidazole): A New Melt Processable Carbon Fiber Precursor, Wenjin Deng

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Carbon fiber polymer composites have attracted worldwide interest in sporting goods and aerospace industries due to their excellent specific strength, stiffness and lightweight. The replacement of solution-spinning process by melt-spinning process is one of the major approaches to make cost effective carbon fiber. In recent years, researchers have explored the possibilities to synthesize melt processable carbon fiber precursors, but their thermal stabilization is still a challenge. The goal for this research project is to prepare melt processable carbon fiber precursors which have the capability of thermal stabilization. Acrylonitrile/1-vinylimidazole (AN/VIM) copolymers containing various mol% of VIM were synthesized by free radical …

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Modeling The Galactic 511 Kev Positron Annihilation Emission, Production, And Propagation, Bethany Johns Dec 2010

Modeling The Galactic 511 Kev Positron Annihilation Emission, Production, And Propagation, Bethany Johns

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The Galactic 511 keV positron annihilation emission has a strong bulge component to the emission and a weak disk component. The bulge emission is about 1.4 -- 6 times as the disk emission. The bulge emission is defined to be a diffuse emission centered at the Galactic center and extends to about a FWHM of 8 degrees in Galactic longitude and latitude. An asymmetry has also been observed in the disk emission, where the negative longitudes are brighter than the positive longitudes by a factor of 1.8.
This research examines the morphology of the Galactic 511 keV positron annihilation emission …

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Order Picking And Storage Using Stackable Pallets In A Warehouse, Ahmed Hassan Aly Dec 2010

Order Picking And Storage Using Stackable Pallets In A Warehouse, Ahmed Hassan Aly

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Quarter Billion dollars could be saved annually by double stacking pallets. A forklift storing 100 double stacked pallets saves 2.5 working hours versus single pallets. More than one billion pallets and cases handled between Wal-Mart distribution centers according to BEA White Paper (2006) [1], assume only 500 million were stackable pallets. This translates to 12.5 million working hours. If a forklift driver earns $20 per hour, then $250 million can be saved.
Moreover, handling double stacked pallets takes up to 46 % of total time to pick and store. This is a significant element that was ignored in literature. All …

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A Study Of African American Forest Landowners In South Carolina: Implications For Land Ethic And Forest Stewardship, Keenan Adams Dec 2010

A Study Of African American Forest Landowners In South Carolina: Implications For Land Ethic And Forest Stewardship, Keenan Adams

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African Americans account for a significant proportion of South Carolina`s
population but reportedly own a disproportionally smaller amount of land. Research indicates that landowners who hold significant sources of sustainable wealth and power can dramatically increase their quality of life and ultimately that of their communities. Current land loss trends for African Americans are increasing at an alarming rate, which may have larger social implications for this traditionally underserved population. The remaining African American landowners are a rapidly declining group, due to an assortment of factors (e.g., age, heirs property). Understanding the experiences of the residual African American forest landowners …

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A Structural Equation Model Of Leader Attributes In The Principalship, Amy Young Dec 2010

A Structural Equation Model Of Leader Attributes In The Principalship, Amy Young

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To become a principal in South Carolina, one must have teaching experience, a master's degree, and certification in the area of primary responsibility. Beyond what is learned through coursework, internships, and certification tests, what intangible factors critically influence a principal's actions and decisions, and (ultimately) success? Trait theory begs the question of whether any of these criteria truly influences the decisions and actions of the principalship. Are there interactive traits of leadership that describe the behaviors of school principals? This study revisits trait theory by examining leader attributes relative to the principalship of South Carolina public schools. This study replicates, …

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Uncertainty Of Dimensional Measurments Obtained From Self-Initialized Instruments, Vincent Lee Dec 2010

Uncertainty Of Dimensional Measurments Obtained From Self-Initialized Instruments, Vincent Lee

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Precision dimensional measurement instruments often contain sensors that can only measure displacement of a moving body from some reference position. In order to measure the length of an object they often require a calibrated artifact to initialize their measurement sensors so that they may provide an absolute measurement instead of displacement. Instruments which can realize a null value, i.e. zero length, don't require one; however instruments which can't need to reference an object of known size. These calibration artifacts also serve as part of the chain of metrological traceability.
The group of instruments presented in this dissertation can self-initialize by …

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Assortment Planning For Multiple Quality Levels Using Locational Choice, Mark Mcelreath Dec 2010

Assortment Planning For Multiple Quality Levels Using Locational Choice, Mark Mcelreath

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Assortment planning is the process in which a retailer selects a product line to offer to customers and is a key determinant of a retailer's profit. We consider the assortment planning problem using a locational choice model for customer product selection and allow for both horizontal and vertical product differentiation. When the distribution of customer preference is unimodal, the optimal solutions for this problem are unknown. We propose two solution philosophies for generating product assortments. First, we introduce a metaheuristic representation for the problem and test the performance of three metaheuristic techniques. We suggest that a tabu search or genetic …

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The Impact Of University Housing Construction Type On Psychosocial Development Of First-Year Students, Justin Owens Dec 2010

The Impact Of University Housing Construction Type On Psychosocial Development Of First-Year Students, Justin Owens

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The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of university housing construction type on psychosocial development of first-year students. Data were collected at a large, four-year, public, research university in the Southeast using the Student Development Task and Lifestyle Assessment. The population considered for this study consisted of first-year, traditionally-aged students living on campus within university housing at the research site for the spring of 2010. The study only considered students within three residential living environments: (a) modified-traditional residence halls, (b) adjoining suite style residence halls, and (c) super-suite style residence halls.
Multivariate analysis of covariance and analysis …

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A Reasoning Framework For Dependability In Software Architectures, Tacksoo Im Dec 2010

A Reasoning Framework For Dependability In Software Architectures, Tacksoo Im

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The degree to which a software system possesses specified levels of software quality attributes, such as performance and modifiability, often have more influence on the success and failure of those systems than the functional requirements. One method of improving the level of a software quality that a product possesses is to reason about the structure of the software architecture in terms of how well the structure supports the quality. This is accomplished by reasoning through software quality attribute scenarios while designing the software architecture of the system.
As society relies more heavily on software systems, the dependability of those systems …

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Understanding Gafp, A Plant Lectin With Broad Spectrum Inhibitory Activity, Alexis Nagel Dec 2010

Understanding Gafp, A Plant Lectin With Broad Spectrum Inhibitory Activity, Alexis Nagel

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South Carolina and Georgia are the largest peach producing regions in the Southeastern United States, generating about $60 million worth (~90,000 tons) of fruit per year on average. Peaches and other stone-fruits (Prunus sp.) can be afflicted by a variety of root-associated diseases which negatively impact annual yield and long-term tree mortality. An engineered Prunus rootstock with enhanced resistance to soil-borne pathogens would therefore be of great benefit to the Southeastern peach industry. The Gastrodia anti-fungal protein (GAFP) is a monocot mannose-binding lectin which is able to inhibit the growth of multiple species of plant pathogenic fungi. Previous findings from …

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A Self Organization-Based Optical Flow Estimator With Gpu Implementation, Manish Shiralkar Dec 2010

A Self Organization-Based Optical Flow Estimator With Gpu Implementation, Manish Shiralkar

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This work describes a parallelizable optical flow estimator that uses a modified batch version of
the Self Organizing Map (SOM). This gradient-based estimator handles the ill-posedness in motion
estimation via a novel combination of regression and a self organization strategy.
The aperture problem is explicitly modeled using an algebraic framework
that partitions motion estimates obtained from regression into two sets, one (set Hc) with estimates
with high confidence and another (set Hp) with low confidence estimates. The self organization step
uses a uniquely designed pair of training set (Q=Hc) and the initial weights set …

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A Framework For Virtual Device Driver Development And Virtual Device-Based Performance Modeling, Zachary Jones Dec 2010

A Framework For Virtual Device Driver Development And Virtual Device-Based Performance Modeling, Zachary Jones

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Operating system virtualization tools such as VMWare, XEN, and Linux KVM export only minimally capable SVGA graphics adapters. This paper describes the design and implementation of system
that virtualizes high-performance graphics cards of arbitrary design to support the construction of authentic device drivers. Drivers written for the virtual cards can be used verbatim, without special function calls or kernel modifications, as drivers for real cards, should real cards of the same design exist. While this allows for arbitrary design, it is not able to model performance characteristics. We describe a new kernel system that allows for arbitrarily changing the performance …

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Comprehensive Thermal Modeling Of Power Split Hybrid Power-Train And Electronics, Abdel Mayyas Dec 2010

Comprehensive Thermal Modeling Of Power Split Hybrid Power-Train And Electronics, Abdel Mayyas

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Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) uses both internal combustion engine (ICE) with an electric system. The combination of the electric power train with the ICE is intended to achieve both better fuel economies than the conventional vehicles and better performance. Several types of HEV exist with different layouts. Recent HEVs' make use of regenerative braking, which converts the vehicles' kinetic energy into electric energy instead of wasting it as heat as conventional brakes do. A hybrid-electric is more fuel efficient than ICE and has less environmental impact.
The new HEV with its new Key Characteristics and Configurations (i.e. Mechanical complexity, Multiple …

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Synthesis And Optical Properties Of Silver Nanostructures, John Heckel Dec 2010

Synthesis And Optical Properties Of Silver Nanostructures, John Heckel

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Silver nanoparticles interact with light via the excitation of plasmon resonances that are the collective oscillations of the free electron density. This excitation represents the most efficient mechanism for the interaction of light with matter and therefore the nanoparticles are of great interest for both fundamental and practical points of view. In the following dissertation, silver nanoparticles, core-shell nanoparticles, and silver nanoparticle clusters were synthesized and there optical properties were investigated.
Chapter 1 contains general background information about the optical properties of bulk and silver nanoparticles. It also contains a concise description of two of my collaborative projects that did …

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Gamma Ray Bursts As Probes Of Dust In The Evolving Universe, Adria Updike Dec 2010

Gamma Ray Bursts As Probes Of Dust In The Evolving Universe, Adria Updike

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Dust is ubiquitous in the universe. Understanding where it comes from and where we observe it can have major implications to all astronomical observations. In this study, we investigate how gamma ray bursts (GRBs) can be used as probes of dust in the evolving universe. Making the simplification that silicate dust comes from core collapse supernovae and that graphite dust is produced in the winds of low- to intermediate-mass stars, we present numerical simulations of the resulting dust evolution in GRB hosts and show how the SEDs evolve. Dust extinction laws are re-derived from scattering theory of small particles and …

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Preparation And Studies Of Fluorescent Carbon Nanomaterials, Xin Wang Dec 2010

Preparation And Studies Of Fluorescent Carbon Nanomaterials, Xin Wang

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There have been rapid advances in the development and applications of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) represented by CdSe/ZnS. However, a serious limitation of these QDs is the necessary use of toxic heavy metals. Fluorescent 'carbon dots' (surface passivated carbon nanoparticles) are developed as alternative to classical semiconductor QDs.
The carbon dots could be made to be highly fluorescence, with emission quantum yields close to 60%. Their optical properties resemble bandgap transitions found in nanoscale semiconductors, suggesting that carbon particles at the nanoscale acquire essentially semiconductor-like characteristics.
The fluorescence in carbon dots could be quenched efficiently by electron acceptor or donor …

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Synthesis Of Trimetallic Nitride Endohedral Metallofullerene Derivatives For Enhanced Solar Energy Conversion, Julio Pinzon Joya Dec 2010

Synthesis Of Trimetallic Nitride Endohedral Metallofullerene Derivatives For Enhanced Solar Energy Conversion, Julio Pinzon Joya

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The preparation and electrochemical properties of donor - acceptor systems based on trimetallic nitride endohedral metallofullerenes (TNT-EMFs) for enhanced solar energy conversion is described. It was found that TNT-EMFs have an enhanced ability to stabilize charge separated states formed upon light irradiation when compared to empty cage fullerene analogues. The influence of the linker connecting the donor and acceptor moieties was studied in two different systems. Optimal conditions for preparing cyclopropanated Bingel-Hirsch derivaties of the most common TNT-EMFs were found; this functionalization approach is a very useful alternative to the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions that yield pyrrolidine derivatives, because the latter …

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Evolutionary Strategies For Data Mining, Rose Lowe Dec 2010

Evolutionary Strategies For Data Mining, Rose Lowe

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Learning classifier systems (LCS) have been successful in generating rules for solving classification problems in data mining. The rules are of the form IF condition THEN action. The condition encodes the features of the input space and the action encodes the class label. What is lacking in those systems is the ability to express each feature using a function that is appropriate for that feature. The genetic algorithm is capable of doing this but cannot because only one type of membership function
is provided. Thus, the genetic algorithm learns only the shape and placement of the membership function, and in …

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A Ptas For The Uncertain Capacity Knapsack Problem, Matthew Dabney Dec 2010

A Ptas For The Uncertain Capacity Knapsack Problem, Matthew Dabney

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The standard NP-hard knapsack problem can be interpreted as a scheduling problem with n jobs with weights w1 . . .wn and processing times p1 . . . pn, where our goal is to order the jobs on a single machine so as to maximize the weight of all jobs completing prior to a known common deadline d. In this paper, we study the uncertain capacity knapsack problem (UCKP), a generalization of this problem in which the deadline d is not known with certainty, but rather is provided as a probability distribution, and our goal …

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Conceptual Model Testing And Development For Neptunium And Radium Sorption To Srs Sediments, Todd Miller Dec 2010

Conceptual Model Testing And Development For Neptunium And Radium Sorption To Srs Sediments, Todd Miller

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Models which can estimate environmental transport of contaminants are required to ensure minimal risk to the public. These models require accurate transport parameters in order to correctly predict how these contaminants will move in the subsurface. This work aimed to determine more accurately the distribution coefficients for neptunium, strontium, and radium for the Savannah River Site (SRS) Performance Assessment (PA). All neptunium sorption studies were performed at a pH value of 5.50 and an ionic strength of 0.01M as NaCl with neptunium concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 50 ppb. Two different sediments were examined, SRS Subsurface Clayey and SRS Subsurface …

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Explicit Level Lowering Of 2-Dimensional Modular Galois Representations, Rodney Keaton Dec 2010

Explicit Level Lowering Of 2-Dimensional Modular Galois Representations, Rodney Keaton

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Let f be a normalized eigenform of level Npα for some positive integer α and some odd prime p satisfying gcd(p,N)=1. A construction of Deligne, Shimura, et. al., attaches a p-adic continuous two-dimensional Galois representation to f. The Refined Conjecture of Serre states that such a representation should in fact arise from a normalized eigenform of level prime to p.
In this presentation we present a proof of Ribet which allows us to 'strip' these powers of p from the level while still retaining the original Galois representation, i.e., the residual of our new representation arising from level N will …

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