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T. M. Scanlon On Normativity: A Methodological Exploration, Piyarudee Chaiyaporn

Journal of Letters

This article argues that T. M. Scanlon’s account of normativity, grounded in the concepts of reasons and reason relations, is strongly justified as it attains substantive coherence through the method of reflective equilibrium. The argument focuses on three strategies employed by Scanlon in his critical analysis of Joseph Raz’s and Jonathan Dancy’s alternative accounts of normativity, namely, (1) characterization, (2) the pursuit of narrow reflective equilibrium (N-RE), and (3) the pursuit of wide reflective equilibrium (W-RE). In addition to the robustness provided by substantive coherence, which safeguards his account against Justin Clarke-Doane’s objection regarding reliability, Scanlon is also able to …

Determinants Of Undernutrition In Children Under Five Years In The Southern Africa Sub-Region: A Scoping Review, George Gw Waliomuzibu Mukisa, Tonderai Tw Shumba, Andrit Al Lourens

Journal of Health Research

Background: Undernutrition remains a fundamental public health challenge responsible for impaired growth, mortality, and morbidity in children under five years. This review aimed to assess the current evidence on child undernutrition determinants within the Southern African subregion.

Methods: The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. The search was conducted from electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, HINARI, EbscoHost and CINAHL. The search focused on studies on child undernutrition determinants conducted in the Southern African subregion and published in English between January 2000 and November 2022.

Results: The review showed that there …

Predictive Factors Of Stress Among The Population In Pong District, Phayao Province, Thailand, After The Covid-19 Outbreak, Tienthong Takaew, Sunanta Wongrattanakamon, Taweewun Srisookkum, Orathai Katkhaw, Surangkana Chairinkam, Prachuab Lamluk

Journal of Health Research

Background: Stress has become the most serious public health problem since the COVID-19 epidemic, affecting the health of affected individuals and their families. This study's objectives were to evaluate the general public's stress levels following the outbreak in Phayao Province, Thailand, and identify predicting factors for stress.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population of 374 citizens in Pong district, Phayao province. The data was collected using a self-reported questionnaire from November to December 2022. The Suanprung Stress Test and the Factors Affecting Stress after the COVID-19 Pandemic Questionnaire were utilized. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses helped …

The Evaluation Of Collaborative Disease Prevention And Control Measures For Border Health Between Thailand And Myanmar, Laos, And Cambodia, Orathai Srithongtham, Aomthip Polbupha, Taweewun Srisookkum, Orathai Katkhaw, Thossaphong Buraman

Journal of Health Research

Background: Collaborative disease prevention and control measures for border health between Thailand and three neighboring countries (Myanmar; Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), also known as Laos; Cambodia) were implemented in 2016 - 2017.

Methods: Summative evaluation and a mixed-method design aimed to evaluate the measures for border health between Thailand and three neighboring countries. The participants were public health personnel from provincial, district, and sub-district levels. Data were collected by questionnaire and interview guide. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics; and qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis.

Results: The overall collaboration for border health of Thailand …

Reaching The Hard To Reach: Effective Early Detection Of Breast Cancer In Low Income Communities, Sapir Flank, Sacha Roberts, Klaudia Koziol, Giulia Diraimo, Abbas Smiley, Maria Castaldi

Journal of Health Research

Background: Breast cancer disproportionately affects low-income communities. A handheld, portable breast scanner (iBE, Intelligent Breast Exam) offers access to breast screening to improve early detection rates for these populations. The objective of this study is to assess usefulness of a handheld breast scanner, iBE, in screening breast lesions as a public health initiative in communities with historically low rates of breast cancer screening.

Methods: Women presenting to inner city and suburban community center outreach events May 2021 through October 2021 were recruited. Women overdue for mammography or with positive clinical breast exams (CBE) and/or iBE were referred for mammography. The …

Predicting Factors Of Health-Related Quality Of Life Among End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Receiving Hemodialysis At A Tertiary Level Hospital In Nepal., Jyoti Gahatraj, Poolsuk Janepanish Visudtibhan, Tiraporn Junda, Nipaporn Butsing

Journal of Health Research

Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) puts tremendous burdens upon affected patients and their support persons in Nepal. The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Nepalese persons with hemodialysis-dependent ESRD is not well understood. This study aimed to examine HRQoL and its predicting factors among persons undergoing hemodialysis in Nepal.

Methods: A purposive sampling was applied to recruit 106 persons with ESRD receiving hemodialysis at a tertiary hospital in Nepal between October and December 2021. The structured questionnaires included personal information, the World Health Organization Quality of Life instruments (WHOQOL-BREF), the fatigue assessment scale (FAS), the Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS), …

Understanding Digital Well-Being And Insights From Technological Impacts On University Students’ Everyday Lives In Bangkok, Chulanee Thianthai, Patrapan Tamdee

Journal of Health Research

Background - Digital wellbeing has been widely discussed due to the influence of digital technology on our life. This paper defined digital wellbeing for university students in Bangkok and reviewed how they engaged with technology, while examining the technological impacts on their everyday lives.

Methods - Qualitative data was collected from university students across different majors and genders, ranging in age from 18-32 years old. The researchers used 30 in-depth individual interviews in conjunction with a brain writing 6-3-5 design thinking technique to gain insight into how digital natives living in Bangkok defined digital wellbeing and experienced daily life impacts …

The Effects Of Cigarette Price Incentive And Regulatory Policies In Taiwan, Che-Ning Yang, Yi-Fan Lin

Journal of Health Research

Background: Price affects the demand for cigarettes, but its direct impact on smoking behaviors remains unclear. This study evaluated the effects of cigarette price increases and non-pricing tobacco control policies on adult smoking behaviors in Taiwan, using data from national annual survey during 2004~2015 with 166,325 valid respondents.

Methods: We established mixed-effects models of logistic regression for each of the three dependent variables, “smoking,” “quit attempts,” and “cessation maintenance,” to characterize smoking behaviors. Socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors were also included in the models.

Results: Non-pricing tobacco control policies had no significant effects on smoking behaviors. Conversely, cigarette price …

Development And Implementation Of A Unique, Tailored School Lunch Training Program For Teachers And Their Stakeholders At Public Primary Schools In Thailand, Kantanit Chammari, Arisa Keeratichamroen, Kitti Sranacharoenpong, Punnee Ponprachanuvut, Nuttarat Srisangwan, Piyanit Churak, Panrawee Praditsorn

Journal of Health Research

Background: Although teachers responsible for the school lunch program were trained by the Ministry of Education (MOE) staff, they were not equipped with the basic knowledge of nutrition for children. This study aimed to develop and implement a unique, tailored school lunch training program for teachers and their stakeholders.

Methods: The training program was developed using the “Design for Learning (D4L) model.” Public primary schools run by the government from all regions of Thailand were selected. Target persons included principals, health teachers, nutrition teachers, cooks, and local staff from the MOE. All participants participated in a 5-day training course. …

Anxiety And Depression In Palliative Care Cancer Patients In Vietnam: Baseline Data From A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Multidisciplinary Palliative Care Versus Standard Care, Quynh Xuan Nguyen Truong, The Ngoc Ha Than, Duong Le Dai, Khoa Duy Duong Duong, Bumi Herman, Surasak Taneepanichskul

Journal of Health Research

Background: Understanding anxiety and depression is important to managing cancer patients’ distress in palliative care and improving their quality of life. We aim to describe depression and anxiety rates among cancer patients referred to palliative care and identity factors associated with these symptoms.

Method: We analyzed the baseline data from an experimental study of comprehensive palliative care in Vietnam. This study included patients with stage 3 or 4 cancer diseases, during their first hospitalization for an inpatient palliative care service. A cut-off of above 8 points for each subscale on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used …

The Same Threat, Differential Vulnerability: Invariances In Antecedents To Covid-19 Pandemic Preventive Behavior Among Malaysian And Filipino Undergraduates, Ian Phil Canlas, Mageswary Karpudewan

Journal of Health Research

Background: The differential approach made by various national governments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic triggered differences in the number of recorded daily cases and deaths. This prompted the researchers to explore the interaction of and invariances in values, beliefs, and norms on COVID-19 pandemic preventive behavior among Malaysian and Filipino undergraduates.

Method: The study followed the survey research methods using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire whose items were adapted from literature, data were collected from 143 Malaysian and 157 Filipino undergraduates from two state universities between November and December 2020. Data were analyzed through partial least squares-structural equation modeling …

Paraphrasing Of Hedged Statements By Thai And Non-Thai Efl Medical Science Graduate Learners, Worawanna Petchkij

PASAA

Studies examining how EFL learners paraphrase hedges in scientific statements are still rare even though how learners use hedges in academic writing has been extensively investigated. This study compared paraphrasing strategies that Thai (TH) and non-Thai (NTH) EFL medical science graduate students used to paraphrase given hedges appearing in hedged scientific statements and the types of hedges occurring in their paraphrased versions after a lesson on paraphrasing and lessons on both paraphrasing and hedging. The results from pretests and posttests administered after the initial paraphrasing lesson and after two lessons combining paraphrasing and hedging, respectively, showed that both TH and …

The Use Of Task-Based And Game-Based Learning In English Learning At Small Primary Schools In Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Sasithida Saraiwang, Kanoknate Worawong

PASAA

This study aimed to determine the effects of a teaching model combining Task-Based Learning (TBL) and Game-Based Learning (GBL), called the Orientation Performance Presentation Analysis Application (OPPAA) model, developed by the researchers, on primary students’ English proficiency and to explore teachers’ and students’ opinions of the model. The research employed a one-group pre-test post-test design with seven English teachers and 69 Grade 6 students chosen by means of cluster random sampling and simple random sampling. The instruments used included the OPPAA model, an English proficiency test, an opinion questionnaire, and interview questions. Data were analyzed using means, standard deviation, paired …

Developing Students’ Oral Interaction Competence Using Conversation Analytic Tools, Lemma Kassaye Sileshi

PASAA

The purpose of this study was to explore the development of students’ engagement in oral interactions using conversation analysis (CA, hereafter) tools. A qualitative design of a CA approach was used to understand the role of conversation analysis. Here, CA was used both as a data gathering tool and an analysis technique. Oral tasks were provided to 15 participants of the study prior to the intervention. The participants were taught conversational features using CAbased treatment to develop their knowledge and skills regarding oral interactions in English for four consecutive months. Their oral productions were recorded and analyzed using a CA …

Effects Of Structure, Salience, And Working Memory On L2 Processing Of English Past Participles By L1 Thai Learners, Supakit Thiamtawan, Nattama Pongpairoj

PASAA

This study examined the effects of working memory (WM), structure, and salience on the processing of English relative clauses (RCs) and participial reduced relative clauses (PRRCs) by L1 Thai learners. Salience in this research is the phonological alterations required for irregular verbs to inflect into the past participial form. The study included two types of irregulars with different salience levels. Seventy advanced L1 Thai learners took a reading span task and a self-paced reading task to assess their WM level and processing of past participial forms. The hypotheses proposed that WM, structure, and salience would influence online processing (reading times) …

Measuring Efl Students’ Oral Proficiency Improvement Using Teachers’ Judgment: The Effects Of Two Types Of Classroom Instruction, Dony Marzuki

PASAA

This study investigated the effects of two types of classroom instructions on EFL learners’ oral proficiency by implementing teachers’ judgment. Two intact classes of EFL university students studied a compulsory subject of their department under two different types of classroom instruction. The first group of students was trained with explicit oral strategy training instruction, which taught them to learn and practice strategies to improve their speech fluency. The second group was instructed to practice the task twice as much as the first group using implicit task-based instruction. The audio recording of both groups’ oral task performance in the pre-test and …

Investigating Proficiency Of Academic English In Student Writing: A Comparative Case Study On Vocabulary Utilization In Student Research Article Writing Vis-À-Vis National And International Research, Donlawat Meebangsai, Pawarit Pongtin, Panjaphon Kitipoontanakorn, Piyapong Laosrirattanachai

PASAA

The researchers investigated the usage of appropriate academic English vocabulary in research papers authored by English major students, publications in Thai national journals, and international journals. In total, 708 papers published between 2016 and 2018 were analyzed, consisting of 300 international research papers, 300 national research papers, and 108 research papers authored by English major students. The study focused on four aspects of lexical evaluation to analyze the vocabulary in these papers: lexical profiling, lexical level, lexical variation, and lexical density. The analysis yielded the following results: 1) Lexical profiling revealed that the usage of academic words in students’ research …

The Effects Of Inductive And Deductive Instruction In A Flipped Classroom On English Grammar Ability Of Undergraduate Students In Thailand, Pornpimol Sukavatee

PASAA

This quasi-experimental research used a two-group pretestposttest design to compare the grammar ability between one group of students taught with an inductive approach and another group taught with a deductive approach through a flipped classroom. The study participants were Thai university students majoring in English. After the implementation, the results of the comparison between the pretest and posttest mean scores indicated a significant difference in grammar ability between the students taught with the inductive and deductive approaches in a flipped classroom. Moreover, the findings from the survey questionnaire revealed that both groups of students had positive opinions toward flipped classrooms …

Application For Grammar Skills: A Case Study Of Thai Efl Undergraduates, Munchuree Kaosayapandhu

PASAA

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the popular Duolingo App on learning English in Thailand. Parts of the Duolingo English course for Thai speakers were used in a classroom-based intervention with two sections of English for Professional Purposes courses at a Thai university (n = 128). The students were split into two groups of users (n = 70) and non-users (n = 58), and a pre-test/post-test assessment of verb tense knowledge was conducted. The results showed that the Duolingo users had a significantly higher mean improvement in verb tense knowledge. Multiple regression showed that frequency …

Initial Insights Into Cefr Adoption At A Language Faculty Of A Public University In Malaysia, Alla Khan, Anne Rowena David, Aizat Hisham Ahmad, Azril Ali, Salasiah Che Lah

PASAA

The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) for languages, which was originally meant for the European context is now being widely accepted by many non-European countries. The education system in Malaysia, as outlined in the English Language Education Roadmap for Malaysia (2015-2025), has adopted the framework. Although this has taken place at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels, the present study zooms in on the tertiary level only. Specifically, it offers a critical analysis of implementing CEFR at a language faculty of one of the public universities in Malaysia. In doing so, it has drawn on Phillips and Ochs’s (2003) framework …

Chatgpt In Language Education: How To Use It Ethically?, Mark Bedoya Ullaa, William Franco Peralesa, Stephenie Ong Busbus

PASAA

The widespread adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, specifically ChatGPT, within pedagogy has engendered a dialogue regarding ethical implications. This article explores the ethical implications associated with using ChatGPT in the context of language teaching and learning. While we acknowledge the potential of ChatGPT in supporting and enhancing language teaching and learning, we also recognize its ethical issues. We argue that the responsible implementation of ChatGPT necessitates ethical considerations to ensure conscientious usage, as this is crucial in mitigating potential harms and ensuring that its development and utilization align with societal and professional values as language teachers. Critical ethical considerations …

Gamification In Action: Trends And Opportunities In Language Teaching And Learning Practices, Kittichai Nilubol, Pragasit Sitthitikul

PASAA

Gamification is a controversial topic in the field of education, with both proponents and opponents. However, what exactly gamification is and why it has become popular are worth exploring. This academic article first defines the terms “game” and “gamification” in order to differentiate them. Next, the article provides core features of gamification in an educational context as explained by previous studies and pinpoints the disparity between the concept of gamification and game-based learning in practice. Additionally, the positive impact of gamification in language learning and gamification and gamebased research activities that bridge the concept of gamified information systems are discussed. …

Idea Sharing: Becoming A Journal Editor As Professional Development, Wutthiphong Laoriandee

PASAA

No abstract provided.

Book Review: Innovation In Learning-Oriented Language Assessment, Penpitcha Prakaiborisuth

PASAA

No abstract provided.

Book Review: The Routledge Handbook Of Content And Language Integrated Learning, Narasak Sirikanjanawong

PASAA

No abstract provided.

Instilling Growth Mindset To Promote Students' English Learning Behaviors And Oral Communication Learning Achievement, Ratchadaporn Janudom

PASAA

This study aimed to (1) investigate students’ mindsets before and after the growth mindset is instilled on them, (2) examine effects of growth mindset-based instruction on students’ English learning behaviors, (3) explore effectiveness of growth mindset-based instruction on students’ oral communication learning achievement, and (4) investigate students’ attitudes towards their learning experiences through growth mindsetbased instruction. The study was conducted with a sample group of 42 English majored undergraduate students who were enrolled in the English Discovery Course in the first semester of the academic year 2022 at Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus. The experiment was carried out …

Vocational High School Students’ Metacognitive Reading Strategy And Volition In Language Learning: A Correlational Study, Erina Andriani

PASAA

Volition helps students who are in the reading process to achieve their objectives. It converts their motivation into actual actions they need to undergo to reach the predetermined goals. Such actions may include the use of strategies, whether to manage their cognition, emotions, or distractions, that may elevate their reading comprehension and ultimately the desired achievements in conducting such activity. Metacognitive reading strategies can be beneficial to assist students in regulating those aspects. Therefore, students’ volition may predict the use of metacognitive reading strategies, as volition drives students to use strategies in general. However, previous studies rarely investigate the correlation …

From “Context” To “Paratext”: A Case Study Of Robert Desnos’S Poem “Demain”, Warunee Udomsilpa

Journal of Letters

In Seuils (1987), French narratologist Gerard Genette presents the notion of “paratext” and explains that each of the paratext’s elements is regarded as having a literary function. This article attempts to apply this notion to analyze “Demain”, a poem in État de veille, a collection of poetry composed by early the twentieth century French poet Robert Desnos. The findings demonstrate that the notion of paratext not only helps readers comprehend the essential meaning of the poem but also enables them to examine the poem more profoundly and to come up with a variety of interpretations. Paratext can also function …

Revisiting The Component Of Strong Community In The Thailand Context, Sukanya Meesakulthong

Journal of Demography

The elements of strong communities in Thailand are changing. In this study, data were collected and analyzed by triangulation from in-depth interviews across 32 case studies of academics, community leaders, civil servants, government officials, pensioners, and representatives of non-profit organizations (NGOs). The research found a significant emergence of diversity among leaders in the Thai context compared with the past, tending toward individualistic characteristics. It is believed that each person has their own motivations and demonstrates actions that respond to expectations and needs — an important attribute that enhances the potential for leadership within a community. Additionally, evidence-based practices are needed …

ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างการเติบโตทางเศรษฐกิจกับอายุคาดเฉลี่ยในกลุ่มประเทศ Clmv (C: ราชอาณาจักรกัมพูชา L: สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยประชาชนลาว M: สาธารณรัฐแห่งสหภาพเมียนมา V: สาธารณรัฐสังคมนิยมเวียดนาม), มณิภัทร์ ไทรเมฆ

Journal of Demography

บทคัดย่อ

การศึกษาครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างรายได้ประชาชาติต่อหัวของประชากรกับอายุคาดเฉลี่ยด้วยวิธีการทดสอบความสัมพันธ์เชิงเหตุและผลของ Granger Causality ข้อมูลที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์เป็นข้อมูลทุติยภูมิ (Secondary data) ของประเทศในกลุ่ม CLMV (C: ราชอาณาจักรกัมพูชา L: สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยประชาชนลาว M: สาธารณรัฐแห่งสหภาพเมียนมา V: สาธารณรัฐสังคมนิยมเวียดนาม) เป็นประเภทอนุกรมเวลา โดยมีลักษณะเป็นรายปี ตั้งแต่ปี 2000-2018 ผลการศึกษาอายุคาดเฉลี่ยของกลุ่มประเทศ CLMV ทั้งประชากรชายและหญิง พบว่า การทดสอบความนิ่งของข้อมูล ค่าสัมประสิทธิ์ของ ADF test และ KPSS test ณ ระดับนัยสำคัญ 0.05 ที่ระดับต่างๆ และทำการทดสอบ Residual Tests พบว่า ไม่พบปัญหา Autocorrelation และไม่พบปัญหา Heteroscedasticity หลังจากนั้นได้ทำการทดสอบระดับความยากของค่าล่า (lag length) ที่เหมาะสม ผลการทดสอบสมมติฐานเชิงเหตุเชิงผล (Granger Causality) พบว่า การเติบโตทางเศรษฐกิจเป็นต้นเหตุของอายุคาดเฉลี่ยของประชากรชายหญิงของประเทศราชอาณาจักรกัมพูชา และสาธารณรัฐแห่งสหภาพเมียนมา ประชากรหญิงของสาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยประชาชนลาว และประชากรชายของสาธารณรัฐสังคมนิยมเวียดนาม แต่ผลการศึกษาที่ผลกลับกัน คือ อายุคาดเฉลี่ยเป็นต้นเหตุของรายได้ประชาชาติต่อหัวของประชากรชายหญิงของสาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยประชาชนลาว ประชากรหญิงของสาธารณรัฐแห่งสหภาพเมียนมา และสาธารณรัฐสังคมนิยมเวียดนาม