Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Chulalongkorn University

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type

Articles 27241 - 27270 of 37826

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

How Much Do We Pay For Medicines? A Drugstore Price Surveya Cross Thailand(ราคาขายของยา: การสำรวจราคายาจากร้านยาทั่วประเทศ), Puree Anantachoti, Chanpen Choompon, Boonsuchin Chatpitun, Rossukon Siwamutita Jan 2004

How Much Do We Pay For Medicines? A Drugstore Price Surveya Cross Thailand(ราคาขายของยา: การสำรวจราคายาจากร้านยาทั่วประเทศ), Puree Anantachoti, Chanpen Choompon, Boonsuchin Chatpitun, Rossukon Siwamutita

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Products and services that serve fundamental needs, including medicines, are normally price controlled. The Ministry of Commerce required that all drug prices be declared and monitored. However, most declared drug prices are much higher than actual price...

Go to article

Effect Of Factors On Cell Culture Used In Potency Test Of Viral Vaccines(ป้จจัยที่มีผลต่อเซลล์เพาะเลี้ยงที่ใช้ในการตรวจสอบความแรงของว..., Supapom Phumiamom, Sakalin Trisiriwanich, Choompon Noktong, Komnika Kullabutr, Teeranart Jivapaisampong Jan 2004

Effect Of Factors On Cell Culture Used In Potency Test Of Viral Vaccines(ป้จจัยที่มีผลต่อเซลล์เพาะเลี้ยงที่ใช้ในการตรวจสอบความแรงของว..., Supapom Phumiamom, Sakalin Trisiriwanich, Choompon Noktong, Komnika Kullabutr, Teeranart Jivapaisampong

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

(Factors which influence on potency assay of measles, rubella and polio vaccines were investigated by using Vero, RK-13 and Hep-2 cells, respectively. The result showed that cultures of Vero, RK-13 and Hep-2 cells in the presence of 5% CO2 produced 23 ti...

Go to article

Combined Spinal Epidural Analgesia For Labor, P. Ngamprasertwong Jan 2004

Combined Spinal Epidural Analgesia For Labor, P. Ngamprasertwong

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Anesthesia For Ambulatory Surgery, K. Uerpairojkit Jan 2004

Anesthesia For Ambulatory Surgery, K. Uerpairojkit

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Go to article

การทดสอบสมมติฐานเกี่ยวกับความเป็นอิสระของตัวแบบล็อกการิทึมเชิงเส้นที่มีการแจกแจงพหุนาม, ประกาศิต สิงคะตีระ Jan 2004

การทดสอบสมมติฐานเกี่ยวกับความเป็นอิสระของตัวแบบล็อกการิทึมเชิงเส้นที่มีการแจกแจงพหุนาม, ประกาศิต สิงคะตีระ

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ เพื่อเปรียบเทียบวิธีการทดสอบสมมติฐานเกี่ยวกับความเป็นอิสระของตัวแปรเชิงกลุ่ม 3 ตัวแปร ในตารางการณ์จร 3 ทาง ขนาด 2x2x2 และศึกษาความเป็นไปได้ที่จะนำวิธีการมอนติคาร์โลมาใช้แทนวิธีการทดสอบด้วยตัวสถิติอัตราส่วนภาวะน่าจะเป็น วิธีการทดสอบที่นำมาศึกษาเปรียบเทียบมี 3 วิธี ได้แก่ วิธีการทดสอบด้วยตัวสถิติอัตราส่วนภาวะน่าจะเป็น วิธีการทดสอบด้วยตัวสถิติของเซลเทอร์แมนและวิธีมอนติคาร์โล โดยวิธีการมอนติคาร์โลเป็นวิธีการทดสอบสมมติฐานที่ไม่อาศัยค่าวิกฤติของตัวสถิติทดสอบ แต่จะทำการเปรียบเทียบค่าสถิติที่คำนวณได้จากข้อมูลตัวอย่างที่ต้องการศึกษากับค่าสถิติที่คำนวณได้จากข้อมูลเทียมแต่ละชุดที่จำลองขึ้นโดยการสุ่มตัวอย่างซ้ำภายใต้ข้อกำหนดตามสมมติฐานว่าง เพื่อนำไปสู่การหาค่า P-value ผู้วิจัยได้ทำการศึกษาในแต่ละตัวแบบที่เป็นไปได้และเป็นตัวแบบที่มีรูปแบบปิดของค่าความถี่คาดหวัง เพื่อให้สามารถจำลองข้อมูลได้ถูกต้อง ซึ่งตัวแบบต่างๆ ประกอบด้วยตัวแบบที่เป็นอิสระอย่างสมบูรณ์ ตัวแบบความเป็นอิสระร่วม และตัวแบบความเป็นอิสระอย่างมีเงื่อนไข และได้กำหนดระดับความสัมพันธ์ให้กับตัวแปรร่วมที่มีความสัมพันธ์ร่วมกัน จากน้อยไปหามากคือ 0.25, 0.50 และ 0.75 ขนาดตัวอย่างที่ใช้คือ 40, 60, 80, 120, 160, 200 และ 240 และระดับนัยสำคัญที่ใช้คือ 0.05 และ 0.01 เกณฑ์ที่ใช้ในการเปรียบเทียบคือการพิจารณาความสามารถในการควบคุมความน่าจะเป็นของความผิดพลาดประเภทที่ 1 และ ค่าอำนาจการทดสอบ การวิจัยครั้งนี้ได้จำลองข้อมูลโดยกระทำซ้ำแบบเทคนิคมอนติคาร์โล (Monte Carlo simulation technique) จำนวน 500 ครั้ง ซึ่งในแต่ละครั้งจะกระทำซ้ำแบบมอนติคาร์โลอีก 500 ครั้ง เพื่อสร้างชุดข้อมูล 500 ชุด เพื่อคำนวณค่า P-value ของวิธีการทดสอบแบบมอนติคาร์โล ผลการวิจัยสามารถสรุปได้ดังนี้ วิธีการทดสอบทั้ง 3 วิธีสามารถควบคุมความน่าจะเป็นของความผิดพลาดประเภทที่ 1 ได้ในทุกสถานการณ์ วิธีการมอนติคาร์โลมีแนวโน้มที่จะให้ค่าอำนาจการทดสอบสูงที่สุด รองลงมาคือวิธีการทดสอบด้วยตัวสถิติอัตราส่วนภาวะน่าจะเป็น และวิธีการสอบด้วยตัวสถิติของเซลเทอร์แมน และโดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในกรณีตัวอย่างขนาดเล็ก วิธีการมอนติคาร์โลจะมีค่าอำนาจการทดสอบสูงกว่าวิธีการอื่นอย่างชัดเจน ทั้งนี้เนื่องจากแนวคิดของวิธีการมอนติคาร์โลที่มีการจำลองข้อมูลเทียมหลายชุดภายใต้สมมติฐานว่างขึ้นมาพิจารณานั้นเสมือนเป็นการสร้างขอบเขตที่เป็นไปได้ของข้อมูลตามข้อกำหนดในสมมติฐานว่าง เพื่อเปรียบเทียบกับข้อมูลตัวอย่างที่ศึกษา จึงมีความถูกต้องมากกว่าการทดสอบสมมติฐานโดยทั่วไปซึ่งเป็นการเปรียบเทียบระหว่างค่าสถิติที่คำนวณได้กับค่าวิกฤติเพียงครั้งเดียว นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าค่าอำนาจการทดสอบของวิธีการทดสอบทั้ง 3 วิธีแปรผันตามขนาดตัวอย่าง ระดับความสัมพันธ์ของตัวแปรร่วม และระดับนัยสำคัญ โดยสรุป ผู้วิจัยพบว่ามีความเป็นไปได้ที่จะนำเอาการทดสอบสมมติฐานด้วยวิธีการมอนติคาร์โลมาใช้ทดสอบสมมติฐานเกี่ยวกับความเป็นอิสระของตัวแบบล็อกการิทึมเชิงเส้น แทนการทดสอบทั้งสองวิธีดังกล่าวใน 3 ตัวแบบข้างต้นได้ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในกรณีตัวอย่างขนาดเล็ก

Go to article

The Assessment Of The Reading Speed And Reading Ability Of Thai University Commerce And Accountancy Students Who Are Trained By Using A Computer Reading Program, Kulaporn Hiranburana, Prakaikaew Opanon-Amata Dec 2003

The Assessment Of The Reading Speed And Reading Ability Of Thai University Commerce And Accountancy Students Who Are Trained By Using A Computer Reading Program, Kulaporn Hiranburana, Prakaikaew Opanon-Amata

PASAA

This research investigated the use of the computer in developing reading abilities, including speed reading and reading comprehension. In this study, 99 students from the Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy were trained in speed reading using a computer program in English. The program contained activities aimed at increasing reading speed such as eye movement, timed reading and paced reading. The performance of these students in speed reading, comprehension and general English proficiency pretests and post-tests was compared with that of students who did not take part in the training. The results show significant gains in the reading rates of the …

Go to article

Focused Business Writing: The Case Of Replies To Complaints, Anil Pathak Dec 2003

Focused Business Writing: The Case Of Replies To Complaints, Anil Pathak

PASAA

Although writing replies to complaints has been a part of our business writing course for long, I was rather disappointed to see students writing similar letters with inadequate structure and making the same mistakes every semester. In this paper I describe a small-scale investigation into the problems faced by students while writing reply letters.

Go to article

Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma Withprominent Clear Cell Component: A Case Report, N. Chirakalwasan Dec 2003

Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma Withprominent Clear Cell Component: A Case Report, N. Chirakalwasan

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Analysis Of Customer Costs Forlaboratory Investigations, V. Wiwanitkit Dec 2003

Analysis Of Customer Costs Forlaboratory Investigations, V. Wiwanitkit

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Reduced Forms And Liaisons In The Teaching Of English To Thai Learners, Tanyaporn Arya Dec 2003

Reduced Forms And Liaisons In The Teaching Of English To Thai Learners, Tanyaporn Arya

PASAA

This paper proposes the inclusion of reduced forms and liaisons in English as a second language instruction, especially as part of pronunciation exercises or in speaking and listening classes since these two aspects contribute much to the effectiveness of communication as will be addressed later in the paper. This paper is divided into 6 parts. The first part of the paper gives an overview of the nature of pronunciation as defined by Pennington and Richards (1986), which will serve as necessary background knowledge in understanding the two features of pronunciation in focus, namely reduced forms and liaisons. The second part …

Go to article

A Case Study Of Thai Esl Learners' Language And Literacy Learning In An Authentic Situation, Punchalee Wasanasomsitho Dec 2003

A Case Study Of Thai Esl Learners' Language And Literacy Learning In An Authentic Situation, Punchalee Wasanasomsitho

PASAA

Learning is a life-long process. Whether we are at school or not, we are always learning something for some purpose. In fact, society is a large classroom full of rich resources, which allows us to experience, explore, and experiment. As human beings, we all have the capacity to learn to survive and to better our quality of life. We have seen people learn from observing the things and the people around them, from their past experiences, and even from self-reflection, self-exploration, and self-discovery. However, we may wonder why learners learn with different degrees of success. To be more specific, we …

Go to article

Scrabble Revisited, Patrick Blanche Dec 2003

Scrabble Revisited, Patrick Blanche

PASAA

SCRABBLE is a well-established word game in many countries and is closely connected with the English language, yet it does not seem to be used a lot by EFL/ESL teachers. This article provides explanations for such a paradox, and then outlines what could be done to turn the situation around. SCRABBLE deserves a place in most EFL/ESL classrooms, not only because of the linguistic worthiness of the game, but also because of its social, cultural, intellectual and international value.

Go to article

Welcome To The Club' Means For Developing Language Knowledge For Elt Specialists At The Mittc-Oman, Ali S.M. Al-Issa Dec 2003

Welcome To The Club' Means For Developing Language Knowledge For Elt Specialists At The Mittc-Oman, Ali S.M. Al-Issa

PASAA

This paper describes an innovation program that was implemented at the Muscat Intermediate Teacher Training College (MITTC) - Sultanate of Oman and included 35 student teachers of English. The program combined two modes of language improvement, which I have labelled here as 'General English' and 'Professional English' to help my student teachers develop their English language repertoire. This was achieved via the design and implementation of various language activities, which simultaneously consolidated various fundamental aspects of second language education.

Go to article

How To Teach Efl/Esl Writing: A Basic Guide For Thai Teachers, Bruce Leeds Dec 2003

How To Teach Efl/Esl Writing: A Basic Guide For Thai Teachers, Bruce Leeds

PASAA

This is an article about teaching writing. More specifically, it is an article about teaching writing in English to people who speak another language. This makes the job of the EFL writing teacher even more difficult than that of the native language writing teacher: not only must she deal with the students' fears towards facing a blank sheet of paper or a blank computer screen; she must also deal with the students' fears of composing their thoughts in a language that they are not comfortable with. In this situation, both the teacher and the student often have to adjust their …

Go to article

Developing Presentation Skills For Low Proficiency Students, Boonya Wichayathian Dec 2003

Developing Presentation Skills For Low Proficiency Students, Boonya Wichayathian

PASAA

This article discusses two activities I used in the presentation skill module of my Advanced Business Oral Communication (ABOC) classes1 with groups of lower-intermediate third-year Commerce and Accountancy students at Chulalongkorn University. My goal was to help my students develop their presentation skills and have more self-confidence.

Go to article

Evaluation Of Language Functions Used By Thai Business People, Ruja Pholsward Dec 2003

Evaluation Of Language Functions Used By Thai Business People, Ruja Pholsward

PASAA

The paper reports the evaluation of language functions used by Thai business people, with an emphasis on the language functions of disagreeing, apologizing, questioning, and expressing politeness. The subjects in the study were Thai business people enrolled in a graduate course in language functions for business communication offered at the University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce. They were trained how to use accurate and appropriate forms to function in various business interactions that prompt disagreeing, apologizing, questioning, and expressing various degrees of politeness in their communication tasks. Their performances were evaluated in three stages: (1) Preparation Stage which requires …

Go to article

A Better Understanding Of Attitude And Motivation Of Children In Different Language Learning Contexts, Jirada Wudthayagorn Dec 2003

A Better Understanding Of Attitude And Motivation Of Children In Different Language Learning Contexts, Jirada Wudthayagorn

PASAA

Attitude and motivation is one of the psychological variables that play a role in language learning and achievement (e.g., Gardner, 1985; Gardner, Tremblay, & Masgoret, 1997; Tremblay & Gardner, 1995). This paper demonstrates how in different contexts of learning languages, attitude and motivation play a different role in child language learning. This paper begins with an overview of attitude and motivation. Then, the two empirical research of attitude and motivation conducted in different language learning contexts are discussed. Pedagogical and research implications are also provided. It is hoped that this paper will shed some light on a better understanding of …

Go to article

Summarising Techniques In The English Language Classroom: An International Perspective, Juan Carlos Palmer Silveira Dec 2003

Summarising Techniques In The English Language Classroom: An International Perspective, Juan Carlos Palmer Silveira

PASAA

Summarising information taken from different source texts has proved to be a difficult activity for many English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students, especially when dealing with complex pieces of discourse. Despite its importance, not many scholars have devoted their efforts to analyse this topic. In this paper, and after showing a brief account of prior research on the topic, we will try to point out how abridging can enhance EFL students' ability to select relevant information from texts, implementing both their reading and writing abilities in a foreign language. Our attempt will be to introduce a set of fifteen …

Go to article

Differences Between Speech And Writing: Does It Matter?, Somporn Handee Dec 2003

Differences Between Speech And Writing: Does It Matter?, Somporn Handee

PASAA

On the whole, it has been long known that both speech (spoken language) and writing are different in various aspects; however, not many language teachers are fully able to differentiate between such differences. This paper, therefore, aims to outline and examine some significant differences between these two entities. In addition, the implication of how this understanding might be useful for language teachers will be discussed.

Go to article

Reading Through Multimedia: Wasteful Or Worthwhile, Malinee Chandavimol Dec 2003

Reading Through Multimedia: Wasteful Or Worthwhile, Malinee Chandavimol

PASAA

Nowadays, the pressure is on to produce results in terms of teaching English as a foreign language. Given the time constraints of the curriculum, however, the only way to maximize existing resources is by providing sufficient channels for self-study. In this sense, we are blessed by the advances made in the field of computers over the past 30 years, and in particular the invention of the CD-ROM. Kaufimann (1992) argues that "computers may help to overcome the difficulties posed by a heterogenous class with the provision of a readily available range of materials, diverse in their level of difficulty and …

Go to article

Alternative Doctor, S. Aksaranugraha Dec 2003

Alternative Doctor, S. Aksaranugraha

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Repetitive Nerve Stimulation Test Of The Patientssuspected Of Myasthenia Gravis, J. Boonhong Dec 2003

Repetitive Nerve Stimulation Test Of The Patientssuspected Of Myasthenia Gravis, J. Boonhong

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Clinical Evaluation Of Once-Weekly Dosing Of Epoetin Alfa40,000 Units In Anemic Cancer Patientsreceiving Chemotherapy, N. Voravud Dec 2003

Clinical Evaluation Of Once-Weekly Dosing Of Epoetin Alfa40,000 Units In Anemic Cancer Patientsreceiving Chemotherapy, N. Voravud

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Physical Fitness And Health, D. Chaiwanichsiri Dec 2003

Physical Fitness And Health, D. Chaiwanichsiri

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Recurrence And Metastases Of A Basal Cell Carcinoma In A Variable Squirrel (Callosciurus Finlaysoni Floweri): A Case Report, Sawang Kesdangsakonwut, Anudep Rungsipipat, Nopadon Pirarat, Komkrich Teankum, Wijit Banlunara Dec 2003

Recurrence And Metastases Of A Basal Cell Carcinoma In A Variable Squirrel (Callosciurus Finlaysoni Floweri): A Case Report, Sawang Kesdangsakonwut, Anudep Rungsipipat, Nopadon Pirarat, Komkrich Teankum, Wijit Banlunara

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A dead, 9-year-old, female, Variable squirrel, weighing 190 g, had a skin swelling in the left inguinal area. Surgical excision of a similar skin mass in the right inguinal area had taken place 87 days previously. The squirrel had showed signs of severe dyspnea and inappetence for 7 days prior to death. At necropsy, as well as the skin mass in the left inguinal area, metastases were found in the inguinal lymph node and the lung together with a hemothorax. The tumor based on the clinical data, macroscopic and microscopic lesions was diagnosed as a basal cell carcinoma, Immunohistochemistry showed …

Go to article

Ecg Quiz, Chollada Buranakarl, Kris Angkanaporn, Suwanakiet Sawangkoon Dec 2003

Ecg Quiz, Chollada Buranakarl, Kris Angkanaporn, Suwanakiet Sawangkoon

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Ultrasound Diagnosis, Phiwipha Kamonrat Dec 2003

Ultrasound Diagnosis, Phiwipha Kamonrat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Go to article

What Is Your Diagnosis?, Pranee Tuntivanich Dec 2003

What Is Your Diagnosis?, Pranee Tuntivanich

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Exercise And Dehydration In The Horse, Prawit Butudom Dec 2003

Exercise And Dehydration In The Horse, Prawit Butudom

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The intensity and duration of exercise has a major impact on fluid levels, electrolytes and acid-base balance in the horse. The changes range from rapid fluid and electrolyte shifts which accompany high-intensity exercise (VO2 max ≥ 100%) (i.e., racehorse) to substantial fluid and electrolyte depletion during Speed and Endurance Tests as seen at Three-day events. Depletion is also seen during prolonged endurance exercise, in which the horse performs a low-intensity form of exercise (30-60% VO2max). These fluctuations of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis have been implicated in the development of fatigue and can lead to medical problems when exercise is continued …

Go to article

Basic Hematological And Physiological Data Found In Siamese Tiger Fish (Datnioides Microlepis Bleeker), Thanate Chinvaraporn, Sakol Chantaraaumporn, Aumphon Thongsima, Nantarika Chansue, Theerasak Mataderm, Amornrat Tasanakit, Achariya Sailasuta Dec 2003

Basic Hematological And Physiological Data Found In Siamese Tiger Fish (Datnioides Microlepis Bleeker), Thanate Chinvaraporn, Sakol Chantaraaumporn, Aumphon Thongsima, Nantarika Chansue, Theerasak Mataderm, Amornrat Tasanakit, Achariya Sailasuta

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The hematological values of 50 Siamese Tiger Fish, with an average body length of approximately 30 cm were: hematocrit, 24.4±5.6%, RBC, 4.0±0.9x106 cell/μl. and WBC, 32.4±10.3x103 cell/μl. From a thin blood smear, the results of a differential cell count were: lymphocytes, 85.8±4.6%, monocytes, 10.1±4.2% and granulocytes, 4.1±3.2%. Blood chemistry data for Aspatate aminotransferase(AST) averaged, 36.2±10.78 U/L, Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), 10.28±6.53 U/L, Glucose, 41.4±18.25 mg/dl., Blood urea nitrogen(BUN), 10.36±1.64 mg/dl., Total protein, 3.54±0.53 g/dl, Albumin, 0.66±0.73 g/dl and Globulin, 2.88±0.76 g/dl. From the structure of white blood cells studied under a light microscope and an electron microscope 3 types of leukocytes were …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last