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Variation In Past Counterfactual Constructions, Victoria Zencak Jan 2018

Variation In Past Counterfactual Constructions, Victoria Zencak

All Master's Theses

The two past counterfactual constructions under investigation in this study are the past counterfactual conditional (Type 3) and the past counterfactual wish complement clause (PCWCC). Each of these has both a standard and variant form. The verb in the standard forms is had + past participle; the verb in the variant forms is would have + past participle. Although reference books and textbooks acknowledge variant forms, generally describing them as informal or conversational, they have not received serious scrutiny. It was the goal of this study to see whether variant forms are currently common in usage and to understand more …

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Improving The Phylogenetic Understanding Of The Genus Juniperus, Therese Balkenbush Jan 2018

Improving The Phylogenetic Understanding Of The Genus Juniperus, Therese Balkenbush

All Master's Theses

Juniperus is a species-rich and geographically widespread genus of coniferous trees and shrubs. The genus is relatively recently diverged, and has experienced periods of rapid diversification. Recent phylogenetic investigations by others have compared DNA from selected regions of the chloroplast, but the resulting topologies conflict, and some relationships remain unresolved. Their relatively small data sets failed to capture sufficient variation to resolve events of rapid diversification in these closely related taxa. This study provides increased resolution and support by generating a plastome-scale phylogeny for 28 Juniperus species, revealing previously unresolved relationships at both deep and shallow nodes. One-third of the …

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Determination Of The Oxidative Capacity Of Soot Toward Gsh And Characterization Of Soot Physicochemical Properties, Kaylee Troth Jan 2018

Determination Of The Oxidative Capacity Of Soot Toward Gsh And Characterization Of Soot Physicochemical Properties, Kaylee Troth

All Master's Theses

Fine atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted during the combustion of fossil and biomass fuels is known to adversely affect human health. While the underlying mechanisms are thought to be driven by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), specific particle characteristics responsible for this detrimental effect are not well understood. In this research, the quantitative determination of the biologically relevant antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), was optimized for use as an indicator of oxidative stress to shed light on relevant particle characteristics. This was accomplished via fluorescent spectroscopy for GSH determination by way of reaction with o-phthalaldehyde (OPA), a …

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More Than Fun And Games: Changing Library Perceptions Through Outreach Efforts, Maureen Rust, Elizabeth Brown Jan 2018

More Than Fun And Games: Changing Library Perceptions Through Outreach Efforts, Maureen Rust, Elizabeth Brown

Library Scholarship

Academic libraries are beginning to devote more resources to library outreach as a means of conveying the unit’s relevancy to its campus constituents. Various methods of outreach include student engagement activities, embedded librarian liaisons within campus-wide departments, community programming, often in partnership with other campus units, and increased library instruction in University 101 courses. How effective are these methods of heightening the library’s campus profile? Does the return on investment warrant the resources expended on these programs? This study investigates campus perceptions of the target library. Since instituting its formal embedded librarian program in 2013, hiring two tenure-track faculty specializing …

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Creating A Town Library Team: Collaborative Projects Between Public, School, And Academic Librarians, Maureen Rust Jan 2018

Creating A Town Library Team: Collaborative Projects Between Public, School, And Academic Librarians, Maureen Rust

Library Scholarship

Library outreach, especially at the public and academic levels, is not a new concept. In the current climate of library budget cuts, instantaneous information, and readily available nonauthoritative sources, librarians, library staff, and library directors are making it a priority to educate their communities on the benefits of and accessibility to quality library resources. Collaboration between different types of libraries is also not uncommon. Partnerships between public and school libraries assist in coordinating information literacy curricula, promoting reading programs and providing access to materials and resources. This article encourages pushing those boundaries even further out to include academic libraries, thereby …

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Emergence Of Stimulus Equivalence And Topography-Based Responding Following Lecture Instruction, Justin Dale Krzmarzick Jan 2018

Emergence Of Stimulus Equivalence And Topography-Based Responding Following Lecture Instruction, Justin Dale Krzmarzick

All Master's Theses

The present study examined the emergence of stimulus equivalence using both selection-based and topography-based tests following a lecture or control condition. This study also evaluated generalization to novel stimuli in both selection-based and topography-based response formats, and evaluated the social validity of the instructional procedure. Twenty undergraduate students who were at least 18 years of age were assigned to a lecture or control condition. Participants in the lecture condition were exposed to a lecture on the topic of generalization. Participants in the control condition watched the video Martin Seligman: The New Era of Positive Psychology that did not relate to …

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Evaluation Of Paper Test Strategies On Computer-Administered Tests: The Impact Of Item Response Marking On Test Performance, Erik Ekberg Jan 2018

Evaluation Of Paper Test Strategies On Computer-Administered Tests: The Impact Of Item Response Marking On Test Performance, Erik Ekberg

All Master's Theses

Marking on paper tests (e.g., crossing-out incorrect answers) has been associated with improved test performance, especially for students with higher test anxiety. Despite these benefits, marking has not been implemented or evaluated on computer-administered tests. After measuring test anxiety in participants using an adapted version of the Test Anxiety Inventory Short-form (TAI-5C), we randomly assigned participants to either the required-mark (n = 85) or control (n = 88) condition and measured test performance on 18 practice Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) math questions. A multiple regression was performed to model test performance from test anxiety, condition group, and their interaction, R2 …

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Confidence In Academic Testing: The Effect Of Induced Checking And Anxiety On University Students' Emotional Responses To, And Performance In, Academic Challenge, Elijah Bruner Jan 2018

Confidence In Academic Testing: The Effect Of Induced Checking And Anxiety On University Students' Emotional Responses To, And Performance In, Academic Challenge, Elijah Bruner

All Master's Theses

Academic tests such as the American College Testing (ACT), Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), and National Assessment for Educational Progress (NAEP) have been used to assess academic aptitude. Research suggests that both test anxiety and test emotions (positive and negative) influence academic performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of test anxiety and uncertainty (i.e., re-checking items) on performance and test emotions. It was hypothesized that induced checking and participant anxiety would negatively predict performance and positive testing emotions, and positively predict negative testing emotions. It was also hypothesized that induced checking and anxiety would interact, with …

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Attitudes Toward Anonymous Public Nudes, Marianna Wendt Jan 2018

Attitudes Toward Anonymous Public Nudes, Marianna Wendt

All Master's Theses

While technologically-mediated expressions of sexuality have been previously studied, there is very little research regarding anonymous public nudes (APNs). APNs are nude photographs which are taken or cropped so as not to include the face or other identifying characteristics, and posted on the Internet. This differs from sexting in that the photographs are meant to be seen by an audience of strangers online, rather than one or a few trusted individuals. The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of APNs. Sixty-seven male and 160 female students over the age of 18 were recruited from Central Washington University to …

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Assessing The Use Of Tsunami Simulations As A Tool To Predict Source Magnitudes And Locations Of Paleoearthquakes In Chile, Rebeca Isabel Becerra Jan 2018

Assessing The Use Of Tsunami Simulations As A Tool To Predict Source Magnitudes And Locations Of Paleoearthquakes In Chile, Rebeca Isabel Becerra

All Master's Theses

A long-term goal of paleotsunami studies is the ability to predict paleoearthquake parameters based on tsunami deposits found on land. Chile provides an exemplary location for testing methods of making these predictions because the historical record includes 41 major earthquakes as far back as 1562 AD, and there are many known paleotsunami deposits throughout the region. Using these records as a comparison tool, I evaluated simulated tsunami wave heights and inundation extent with the tsunami model GeoClaw for nine hypothetical tsunamigenic large earthquakes (Mw 8.6, 8.8, and 9.0) in south-central Chile with epicenters at -35.1º, -38.8º, and -42.9º. As …

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Coloration, Camouflage, And Sexual Dichromatism In The Northern Pacific Rattlesnake (Crotalus Oreganus), Jefferson Brooks Jan 2018

Coloration, Camouflage, And Sexual Dichromatism In The Northern Pacific Rattlesnake (Crotalus Oreganus), Jefferson Brooks

All Master's Theses

In some viperid snakes, natural selection has shaped coloration and patterning to match local habitats, and for males to show greater warning coloration than females due to a less sedentary lifestyle. The Northern Pacific Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus) is likely the most abundant ambush predator in eastern Washington, yet little is known about its color variation, how color patterns interact with their habitats, and if male and female snakes show differences in patterning or color. To explore how snake color might interact with the colors of their environment, I used standardized digital photography to record both snake and substrate coloration. …

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Gender Differences In Task Switching: An Event-Related Potential Study, Briana M. Bratcher Jan 2018

Gender Differences In Task Switching: An Event-Related Potential Study, Briana M. Bratcher

All Master's Theses

The current study examined the possible differences in several brainwaves and behavioral reaction times between males and females in relation to task switching. Previous research has shown gender differences in various aspects of cognition including task switching. Task switching refers to the ability to cognitively switch from processing one task to processing another, completely different task. The current study utilized a color-shape target switching paradigm and event-related potentials to analyze possible gender differences. The results of the study showed no gender differences in relation to reaction times, P2 and P3b brainwave latencies or amplitudes. However, the study found a difference …

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Stream Water And Soil Water Chemistry After The Table Mountain Wildfire, Washington, Usa, Vincent J. Roccanova Jan 2018

Stream Water And Soil Water Chemistry After The Table Mountain Wildfire, Washington, Usa, Vincent J. Roccanova

All Master's Theses

Analyses of major and trace elements, major ions, and nutrient concentrations were made to investigate how stream water and soil water chemistry changed over 16 months following the Table Mountain wildfire. Sites with different burn severity were also compared. The fire occurred in 2012 in Kittitas County, north of Ellensburg, Washington. Samples were collected at severely burned, moderately burned, and unburned field sites from within and adjacent to the wildfire perimeter. Total nitrogen concentrations increased in the second year after the fire in both the severely and moderately burned sites. In contrast, total phosphorus was variable at all three sites …

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Evaluation Of Anthelmintic Properties And Toxicity Of Pure Compounds Isolated From Dalea Spp (Plantae, Fabaceae), Victoria Lh Mcpherson Jan 2018

Evaluation Of Anthelmintic Properties And Toxicity Of Pure Compounds Isolated From Dalea Spp (Plantae, Fabaceae), Victoria Lh Mcpherson

All Master's Theses

Infecting upwards of a billion people worldwide, hookworm is one of the most prevalent parasitic infections affecting the world today. Those infected experience hookworm disease, characterized by severe anemia, which can lead to malnutrition, low birth weights, and physical and mental impairments. Currently, the benzimidazoles albendazole and mebendazole are used as the primary treatment; however, resistance to these drugs is emerging. Due to this resistance, finding new anthelmintic compounds active against hookworm is a priority. Previously, a pure compound isolated from Dalea ornata was identified as having strong anthelmintic activity when used against the hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum. This project …

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Is A Library Department Chair Essential?: The Development Of The Library Department Chair At Central Washington University, Julia Stringfellow Jan 2018

Is A Library Department Chair Essential?: The Development Of The Library Department Chair At Central Washington University, Julia Stringfellow

Library Scholarship

The combined position of University Archivist and Library Department Chair in the James E. Brooks Library at Central Washington University (CWU) in Ellensburg, Washington is unique and draws cu- riosity as to what other academic libraries have department chairs and what is their specific area of librarianship. This article provides a review of literature on the responsibilities of department chairs and their vitality, as well as publications specifically referencing library department chairs. A compar- ison of the CWU library department chair to another library faculty chair in the Orbis Cascade Alli- ance is also provided. The history of the chair …

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Why Can't We Be Friends? Examining The Benefits And Challenges Of Maintaining Your Friends Of The Library, Maureen Rust, Julia Stringfellow Jan 2018

Why Can't We Be Friends? Examining The Benefits And Challenges Of Maintaining Your Friends Of The Library, Maureen Rust, Julia Stringfellow

Library Scholarship

One of the most fruitful collaborative relationships a library can have is with its Friends of the Library organization, providing that group is vibrant and progressive. This article provides insight into the history of the Friends of the Library group at a regional comprehensive university since its founding in 1962 to nearly becoming defunct in 2015. The steps taken in the transformation of the Friends of the Library since then from an inactive group with no clear direction, to a robust organization with an active board who have identified goals and strategies for successful library advocacy are described. The work …

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December 12, 2017- Board Of Trustees Meeting Minutes, Regular And Special Meetings, Central Washington University Central Washington University Dec 2017

December 12, 2017- Board Of Trustees Meeting Minutes, Regular And Special Meetings, Central Washington University Central Washington University

Board of Trustees Meeting Minutes

Meeting minutes for the Special Telephonic Session of the Board of Trustees at Central Washington University, December 12, 2017.

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Waffle Night Fall 2017, Central Washington University Dec 2017

Waffle Night Fall 2017, Central Washington University

Brooks Library Events

Waffle Night at Brooks Library, serving free waffles, coffee and tea in the Fishbowl.

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A Cultural Comparison Of The Facial Inference Process, Janine K. Swiney, Anthony J. Stahelski Dec 2017

A Cultural Comparison Of The Facial Inference Process, Janine K. Swiney, Anthony J. Stahelski

Student Published Works

The purpose of this study was to compare emotion and personality trait attributions to facial expression between American and Indian samples. Data were collected using Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants in this study were asked to correctly identify the emotion and make inferences from pictures of three different facial expressions (scowling, frowning, and smiling) of young white females and males in six photographs. Each picture was randomly presented for 10 seconds followed by four randomized questions about the individual in the picture. The first question asked participants to identify the emotion shown from a list of six emotions (anger, disgust, …

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Paws And Relax Fall 2017, Central Washington University Dec 2017

Paws And Relax Fall 2017, Central Washington University

Brooks Library Events

Paws and Relax is an event to help students relieve stress during finals week. Dogs are brought in with their handlers and students are allowed to hang out with the dogs, pet them and occasionally pick them up.

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A Comparative Analysis Of Three Major Transfer Airports In Northeast Asia Focusing On Incheon International Airport Using A Conjoint Analysis, Tae Won Chung, Yong Joo Lee, Hyun Mi Jang Dec 2017

A Comparative Analysis Of Three Major Transfer Airports In Northeast Asia Focusing On Incheon International Airport Using A Conjoint Analysis, Tae Won Chung, Yong Joo Lee, Hyun Mi Jang

Finance and Supply Chain Faculty Scholarship

Due mainly to the privatization and commercialization of airline companies and deregulation of the aviation rules, the demand for air transport has continuously been increasing. Airport authorities state that transfer passengers, who contribute to the large portion of the airports’ profits, are gaining much more importance, particularly in the Northeast Asia region where the air transport industry is very vital. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the competitiveness of IIA (Incheon International Airport) with other major airports located in Northeast Asia in passenger transfers made between Southeast Asia and China to North America using Conjoint Analysis. Results have indicated that …

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2017 Bot Motion Index, Central Washington University Central Washington University Dec 2017

2017 Bot Motion Index, Central Washington University Central Washington University

Board of Trustees Meeting Minutes

Motion Index of the Board of Trustees at Central Washington University, March 17, 2017.

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Human Dispersal From Siberia To Beringia: Assessing A Beringian Standstill In Light Of The Archaeological Evidence, Kelly E. Graf, Ian Buvit Dec 2017

Human Dispersal From Siberia To Beringia: Assessing A Beringian Standstill In Light Of The Archaeological Evidence, Kelly E. Graf, Ian Buvit

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

With genetic studies showing unquestionable Asian origins of the first Americans, the Siberian and Beringian archaeological records are absolutely critical for understanding the initial dispersal of modern humans in the Western Hemisphere. The genetics-based Beringian Standstill Model posits a three-stage dispersal process and necessitates several expectations of the archaeological record of northeastern Asia. Here we present an overview of the Siberian and Beringian Upper Paleolithic records and discuss them in the context of a Beringian Standstill. We report that not every expectation of the model is met with archaeological data at hand.

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2017 Bot Resolution Index, Central Washington University Central Washington University Dec 2017

2017 Bot Resolution Index, Central Washington University Central Washington University

Board of Trustees Meeting Minutes

Resolution Index of the Board of Trustees at Central Washington University, 2017.

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Observer, Central Washington University Nov 2017

Observer, Central Washington University

Student Newspaper

Student newspaper for Central Washington University for November 30-December 6, 2017.

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World Aids Day 2017, Central Washington University Nov 2017

World Aids Day 2017, Central Washington University

Brooks Library Events

Disucssion of HIV/AIDS, sitgmas, and how to protect yourself and your loved ones.

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Cwu Faculty Senate Minutes - 11/29/17, Janet Shields Nov 2017

Cwu Faculty Senate Minutes - 11/29/17, Janet Shields

Faculty Senate Minutes

These are the official Central Washington University Faculty Senate minutes for the May 4, 2016 regular meeting.

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International Games Day @ Your Library 2017, Central Washington University Nov 2017

International Games Day @ Your Library 2017, Central Washington University

Brooks Library Events

Board games and video games at the library. Refreshments provided.

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Observer, Central Washington University Nov 2017

Observer, Central Washington University

Student Newspaper

Student newspaper for Central Washington University for November 16-22, 2017. Vol. 108, No. 8.

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Night Of Knitting, Central Washington University Nov 2017

Night Of Knitting, Central Washington University

Brooks Library Events

Bring your own supplies and a current project or come empty handed and learn the basics of knitting. Tea and cookies provided.

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