Digital Commons Network^™

Human Trafficking Of Children Efficacy Of Counter Trafficking Programs For Youth, Alma Rodriguez

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Human trafficking is a global problem, and it is a significant problem within the United States. Children are a vulnerable group that become victims of human trafficking operations. Human trafficking prevention programs are available to address this issue, but there is much needed research to test the effectiveness of the countertrafficking programs for high-risk children. This study is a systematic review of studies on countertrafficking programs. This study will use a mixed methods approach to analyze quantitative and qualitative data from selected studies. This study hopes to find if current counter-trafficking programs are effective in preventing at-risk youth from becoming …

Ableism In Higher Education: Platicas Framing Faculty Perception Of Student Accommodations And A Call To Action, Stephanie P. Rivas

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Academic ableism and traditional educational practices hinder the success of disabled students (Dolmage, 2017). As a student with disabilities, I have witnessed gradual improvements in the perception of disabilities in education. However, academic ableism persists in today’s higher education institutions, which can be disheartening for students like me, an unapologetically disabled person. This study employs framing theory, a communication theory that explains how people interpret and organize information (Goffman, 1947). These frames influence how accommodations are perceived, shaping attributes and connections between behaviors and potential causes (Tewksbury & Scheufele, 2019). Using platicas, a kind of cultural method of open conversational …

We Define The Future: Lived Experiences Of Foster Youth In Higher Education And The Role Of The Educational Opportunity Program, Krystalyn T. Diaz

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Foster youth face significant barriers to higher education, including housing instability, financial insecurity, trauma, and limited adult support, contributing to low college completion rates, with only 3 to 11 percent earning a bachelor’s degree (Morton, 2018; Moyer & Goldberg, 2019). The Educational Opportunity Program (EOP), established in 1969 within the California State University system, was designed to reduce these barriers through counseling, mentoring, financial assistance, and basic needs support. However, limited research has centered the voices of foster youth to understand their experiences with these services. Guided by Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Resilience Theory, this qualitative phenomenological study explored …

Effects Of Orexin/Hypocretin Receptor 1 Antagonist On Adult Drinking Behavior And Rest/Wake Activity After Adolescent Alcohol Consumption In Rats, Carolyn Cueto

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Adolescent alcohol consumption has been a growing concern in developing alcohol use disorders and alcohol-related sleep issues/disorders later in adulthood. The orexin system is involved in the homeostasis of sleep/wake cycles, feeding, drinking, and motivation. Alcohol consumption increases orexin neuron activity leading to high motivation and drug-seeking behavior for alcohol use and negatively impacting sleep. Ideally, inhibiting the orexin system could be a potential target for reducing consumption and motivation for alcohol use in adulthood as well as improving alcohol-related sleep issues. Previous work has shown that SB-334867, an orexin- 1 receptor (OX1R) antagonist, reduces ethanol-related behavior, but there is …

Bridging Leadership Theory And Practice In University Advancement: Exploring Transactional, Transformational, And Followership Dynamics, Austin D. Quick

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Leadership in higher education fundraising represents one of the most relational and complex forms of organizational influence. Unlike traditional hierarchies, university advancement operates through networks of trust, reciprocity, and shared purpose; conditions that can challenge leadership models designed for positional authority. This qualitative, phenomenological study examined how advancement professionals experienced and integrated transactional and transformational leadership behaviors within relationship-driven systems, and how followership shaped the interpretation and uptake of leadership intent over time. Drawing on Social Exchange Theory (Blau, 1964), Augmentation Theory (Bass, 1985), and Followership Theory (Riggio, 2014), the study reconceptualized leadership as a co-created process grounded in relational …

Disproportionality In Autism Diagnosis: A Comparative Analysis Of Females Of Color And Males, Emily Bobbie Lopez

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This qualitative phenomenological study aimed to explore the disproportionate and delayed evaluation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among females of color in educational settings and how historical biases have shaped school-based diagnostic practices. Using the female autism phenotype (FAP) framework and an intersectional perspective, the study employed a phenomenological approach to understand the lived experiences of educational and community partners involved in autism evaluation. Participants included 39 individuals: adult females of color with autism or autism-like traits; parents; general education teachers; special education specialists; school psychologists; counselors; and administrators. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and surveys, and …

Transition From Group Homes To Short-Term Residential Therapeutic Programs: A Qualitative Study, Sam Alexander Skipper

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This study examines California’s shift from traditional group homes to Short-Term Residential Therapeutic Programs (STRTPs), a central component of the state’s Continuum of Care Reform (CCR). STRTPs were introduced to provide intensive, trauma-informed treatment for youth with complex behavioral and mental health needs. While the policy goals behind this reform are well-intended, less is understood about how the transition has affected young people’s lived experiences and longer-term outcomes. Using a qualitative design grounded in Transition Theory, this research centers on the perspectives of young adults ages 18–25 who moved into an STRTP within the past six to twenty-four months. This …

Echoes Of Becoming, Michelle D. Young

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

I create illustrative works that deal with criticism and appreciation in parallel ways; addressing facets of society, government, the self, and the influence of social media. My art ranges from digital illustration to narrative paintings, fluctuating to the flow and response of a piece. A blend of cheekiness and empowerment, I play around with uncomfortable subjects and heavy topics to bring attention to those that are misrepresented or overlooked. I am interested in the intersection of consumable media, its history and the disregarded context behind it all.

Rooted in my experience as a descendant of generational immigrant-refugees, my work reflects …

The Impact Of The 2018 Zero Tolerance Policy On Children In The U.S Child Welfare System, Gabrielle Pelayo, Griselda Padron, Alexxis Garcia

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

In 2018, the implementation of the Zero Tolerance Policy led to the forced separation of children from their parents at the United States/Mexico border, raising concerns about the potential effects on children’s attachment relationships and mental health. Guided by ecological systems theory and attachment theory, the study will explore how separation shaped children’s attachment relationships and mental health outcomes, and what these experiences reveal about gaps within the child welfare system’s capacity to respond effectively. The two guiding research questions are: (1) How have the experiences of children separated under the 2018 Zero Tolerance Policy influenced their attachment relationships and …

Epiphanies, Loren Malul

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

"Epiphanies” investigates moments that inspire humanity to experience and enact change. Before we break through our egos threshold, our journey begins as a form of questioning, delving into the relationship between self and environment. When we take a moment to slow down and focus on our spatial awareness, we recognize that reality is a channel we get to tune into where our reaction determines our experience. Doing my own shadow work, recognizing trauma and questioning “the invisible”, are ways to analyze our internal self. Portals, voids, intersecting landscapes, and first person perspective are all visual translations that play with environmental …

Maltreatment In Out-Of-Home Care: Former Foster Youths' Perspectives On Experiences And Investigation, Sarah Avila

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

One of the tasks of the public child welfare system (PCWS) is to remove children from their home when abuse or neglect has occurred at a level that warrants removal. The PCWS places these children in licensed foster homes under the assumption that they will be safe and nurtured under the care of licensed foster caregivers. However, previous research have consistently shown that children experience ongoing maltreatment while in out-of-home care. This negligence is especially alarming when considering the United States’ rates of children in the foster care system. Despite the prevalence of this issue, little qualitative studies have been …

Impact Of Affirmative Care For Lgbtqsia2+ Youth In Foster Care, Jody Brown

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

One of the major challenges within the child welfare system is that LGBTQSIA2+ youth often face discrimination, stigma and have limited access to mental health services. Although previous research has identified LGBTQSIA2+ youth being overrepresented in foster care, they face distinctive vulnerabilities that are inadequately addressed in present policies within child welfare practices. Despite experiencing higher levels of placement instability and being at greater risk of anxiety, depression and psychological distress, there remain gaps in tangible support and evaluating the effectiveness of intersectionality of lived experiences of LGBTQSIA2+ youth in the foster care. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological research …

Motivational Factors And Developmental Outcomes In Adolescent Marijuana Use: A Mixed-Methods Study, Antonio E. Gonzalez

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Adolescent marijuana use has become increasingly normalized within the United States, particularly as legalization policies expand and social attitudes continue to shift. While many adolescents report using marijuana for relaxation, socialization, or coping, early use has been associated with psychological, cognitive, and social challenges during a critical developmental period. Although prior research has examined either the motivations for marijuana use or its effects, limited studies have explored how adolescents’ motivations relate to psychological, cognitive, and social outcomes. Guided by self-determination theory, this study examines the motivational factors associated with adolescent marijuana use and explores how these motivations relate to psychological, …

Exploring How Acculturation In Childhood Impacts The Adult Identity Of Children Of Hispanic/Latinx Immigrants, Maritza De La Torre, Irene Zapata-Macareno

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to provide perspective of struggles with identity for children of Hispanic immigrants. There is limited existing literature on the impact of acculturation on children of Hispanic/Latinx immigrants in the United States. The intention is to provide insight about common experiences and underlying traumas faced by individuals who grow up in immigrant Hispanic/Latinx families. The objective is to provide adults with some insight into their identity based on their specific family dynamic since there is a gap in society about the topic. This study will use a phenomenological qualitative approach to collect data through semi-structured …

The Impact Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Mental Health And Substance Use Among Black Foster Youth And Young Adults With Foster Care Experience, Jessica Davis, Leslie Del Pozo, Lorina Ramos-Delgado, Jarren Ho See

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Historically throughout the U.S, Black youth have been overrepresented in the foster care system and are more likely to experience high levels of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), racial discrimination, and frequent placement changes. Over time, these experiences can increase the risk of long-term mental health challenges and substance use. While research shows a strong link between ACEs and negative health outcomes in general, fewer studies focus specifically on ACES affecting Black foster youth or consider the role of culturally grounded resilience. This study examines how high ACE scores affect mental health and substance use among Black adolescents and young adults …

Assessing The Research Integrity At A Public University In California, Michael Lee Gillespie

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

To investigate these issues, this study utilized a quantitative-dominant survey design supplemented by qualitative narratives. The sample included 61 tenured and tenure-track faculty from the College of Natural Sciences and the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences. The primary instrument was the Survey on Organizational Research Climate (SOuRCe), which assesses seven subscales of ethical health. Data were analyzed using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression to determine if specific climate dimensions predict the acceptance of ethically ambiguous practices.

Findings revealed that while interpersonal relations and local norms (such as advisor-advisee relations) were rated highly, departmental socialization was the lowest-rated dimension, indicating …

Mass Incarceration And The Psychological And Social Impacts On Black And Latino Families, Ofelia Godina, Tamara Winegardner, Erika Cabrera

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Mass incarceration will have profound and disproportionate effects on Black and Latino families in the United States, extending beyond the incarcerated individual to impact family functioning, emotional well-being, and access to support systems. Rooted in structural racism and inequitable criminal justice policies, mass incarceration will contribute to long-standing social and economic disparities that will continue to shape the lived experiences of marginalized communities. This study will explore the psychological and social impacts of incarceration on Black and Latino families, with particular attention to emotional distress, family relationships, stigma, and resilience. Using a qualitative research design, the study will employ semi-structured …

The Historical And Systemic Effects On Racial Disparities In Incarceration Rates Among Black Individuals, Vanessa Valentine

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Racial disparities in incarceration rates within the United States have existed for decades. This paper will examine these disparities in order to understand how Black individuals and communities are disproportionately affected by the criminal justice system. By exploring historical and systemic factors that have contributed to these disparities such as structural racism, discriminatory policing, and unequal sentencing policies this research will highlight how these practices have reinforced racial inequality within the criminal justice system. The significance of the presenting issue will be explored by analyzing how these disparities affect the incarcerated individual and their family and community. Using a mixed …

Female Victimization In Intimate Partner Violence, Phileine Phan

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a widespread issue that disproportionately affects women, causing significant physical, psychological, and economic harm. Although research has explored IPV prevalence and risk factors, fewer studies address how race, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and disability intersect to shape women’s experiences and access to support. Generalizing survivors’ experiences often leads to overlooked services and policies for marginalized women. This study addresses that gap through a qualitative systematic review of peer-reviewed research on IPV victimization among women in the United States. A thematic analysis will be used to identify patterns related to systematic inequalities, help-seeking barriers, and the …

Impact Of Escitalopram On Postpartum Sleep/Wake Activity And Maternal Behaviors, Kimberly Guerrero Leon

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The postpartum period is characterized by profound physiological and psychological changes, including disruptions in sleep and activity patterns, which may contribute to the onset of postpartum depression. If left untreated, postpartum depression can result in long-term consequences, including cognitive impairments, emotional dysregulation, impaired maternal-infant attachment, and the onset of sleep-related disorders. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), escitalopram, is prescribed for the treatment of postpartum depression due to its efficacy, favorable safety profile, and relatively low cost. While escitalopram is considered an effective treatment for depression and anxiety, far less is known about its impact on maternal behaviors during the postpartum …

Factors Contributing To The Effectiveness Of Reentry Programs For Formerly Incarcerated Adults, William Lopez Jr, Falina Rose Gonzales

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Reentry into society following incarceration represents a critical transition that significantly influences long-term stability and recidivism outcomes. Formerly incarcerated adults frequently encounter structural barriers related to housing, employment, behavioral health access, and social reintegration, highlighting the need for effective reentry programming. The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine factors that contribute to the effectiveness of community-based reentry programs for formerly incarcerated adults and to understand how participants and service providers perceive successful reintegration outcomes. Guided by ecological systems theory and empowerment theory, this study employs a qualitative phenomenological design using semi-structured interviews with approximately 15 formerly incarcerated adults …

Serotonin 7 Receptor Modulation On Measures Of Working Memory And Anxiety, Antonio Gutierrez

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Serotonin (5-HT) function is critical in the regulation and homeostasis of several neural systems. Alterations in 5-HT levels can directly impact the presence of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. With a wide range of 5-HT receptors, the potential impact each of these modulators have on behavior is important to better understand. The 5-HT7 receptor is the most recently identified 5-HT receptor. 5-HT7 receptors can be found in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and several areas of the hippocampus. Modulation of these receptors impact circadian rhythms, hormonal regulation and memory function. Previous research has that 5-HT7 antagonist compounds lead to conflicting results, highlighting …

When Health Meets The Classroom: Diabetes, Depression, And Absenteeism, Megan Lindsay Meyer, Victor Sanchez

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This proposed study would examine how diabetes and depressive symptoms influence school attendance among students ages 10 to 17 in one school district. Students with diabetes who experience higher levels of depressive symptoms might be at increased risk for chronic absenteeism, which could negatively affect both academic performance and emotional well-being. Despite growing awareness of pediatric diabetes and school-based mental health needs, gaps would remain in understanding how diabetes self-management relates to depression and attendance outcomes. This proposed quantitative comparative study would include students with and without diabetes. Participants would complete standardized measures assessing diabetes self-management and depressive symptoms, and …

Trauma-Informed School Practices, Mental Health, And Academic Engagement Among High School Foster Youth, Ashley Avila, Vanessa Ramirez, Jaden Simmons

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Exposure to abuse, neglect, family separation, and violence can negatively affect foster youths’ well-being and their ability to succeed in school environments. Studies have shown that punitive disciplinary responses may contribute to retraumatization and school discouragement, while school settings are often one of the few stable environments in the lives of foster youth. Although trauma-informed school practices have been associated with improved school climate and student engagement, limited research has specifically examined how foster youths’ perceptions of these practices are associated with their mental well-being and academic engagement in high school settings. The purpose of this proposed study is to …

Farmworker Mental Health: Identifying Environmental And Occupational Factors, Lizette Alvarez, Lizette De Loera, Melissa Zambrano

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Farmworkers have an extensive history of contributing to the economic development of the United States. However, research has paid limited attention to this population. From the ecological systems theory approach the purpose of this study is to contribute to the limited amount of research literature available on the implications of farmworkers mental health due to the experiences they encounter in regards to their occupational, environmental, psychosocial and community factors they face. This study will use a mixed methods approach, because of the researcher’s interest in detailed information about farmworkers’ environmental and occupational factors that impact their mental health. One hundred …

What Kind Of Foster Care Parent Training Leads To A Reduction In Foster Care Maltreatment?, Itzel K. Alcaras

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This research proposal would identify the gaps in foster parent training and how caregiver maltreatment increases the risk of re-traumatization of foster children. While foster care is designed to promote safety, protection, and stability for children, existing literature continues to show that inadequate trauma-informed and evidence-based training may hinder caregivers' ability to respond to their complex needs, leading foster children to continue experiencing emotional and psychological harm. To further assess this concern, an exploratory qualitative study would be implemented utilizing a semi-structured interview that will include demographic questions then transition to open-ended questions format that will examine caregiver perceptions of …

Nonbinary And Transgender Representation In Media: How Scripted Media Impacts And Shapes The Identities Of Communities Outside The Gender Binary, Makenna Dykstra

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The lack of, and otherwise poor, representation of nonbinary and trans communities contributes to the societal othering of these communities. However, nonbinary and trans representation holds importance to these communities. Trans and nonbinary communities, like other communities, use media to help them negotiate their identities (Hall, 2005). However, current representation in scripted television is small and contentious, with the ability to have just as much of a negative impact as a positive one. LGBTQ+ television has a history of favoring moderate depictions of queerness, like that in nonbinary and trans characters, as a means of defining these identities to cisgender …

Gaps In Therapeutic Services For Foster Youth In Short Term Residential Therapeutic Programs, Kaniqua Tainiaja Stewart, Maria Del Rosario Sanchez, Rachelle Hernandez

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This study examines rehabilitation outcomes among foster youth who are currently or were previously placed in Short-Term Residential Therapeutic Programs (STRTPs), also known as group homes. With more than 400,000 children are in foster care in the United States, and approximately 39,000–57,000 residing in group homes, limited research has explored why rehabilitation efforts in these settings often fall short. Existing literature emphasizes policy reforms, compliance, and placement outcomes under California’s Continuum of Care Reform, but gives less attention to youths lived therapeutic experiences and the consistency and quality of mental health services delivered within STRTPs. This study addresses this gap …

Foster Youth Perspectives On The Effectiveness Of School-Based Academic Support, Stephanie Monroy

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This research aims to explore how foster youth perceive the effectiveness of various evidence-based interventions that have previously been used to support their education. Due to the various barriers that foster youth face, they often experience significantly lower academic performance than their non-foster youth peers. Consequently, high school graduation rates among foster youth remain significantly lower than those of their non-foster youth peers. Much of the existing literature is outdated and does not adequately reflect current educational realities for foster youth. Additionally, existing literature primarily focuses on measurable outcomes and program evaluations, with less emphasis on ensuring the lived experiences …

The Role Of Placement Experiences In Foster Youth Vulnerability To Commercial Sexual Exploitation, Viridiana Jauregui Estrada

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Youth involved in the child welfare system face a heightened risk of commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC), particularly those who experience placement instability or placement in congregate care settings. While existing research consistently documents the overrepresentation of foster youth among those impacted by CSEC, less attention has been given to how specific placement experiences function as mechanisms that shape vulnerability. Guided by the Complex Trauma Framework and the Socio-Ecological Theory, this study will examine how placement instability and placement type increase foster youths’ vulnerability to CSEC and explore the role of trauma-informed social work interventions in mitigating these risks. …