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Table Of Contents

The Bridge

No abstract provided.

Front Cover

The Bridge

No abstract provided.

Dansk Folkeblad, Nancy Ruth Bartlett

The Bridge

In the fall of 1895 an ambitious Danish-American businessman named George Johnson took over the editorship of a Danish language newspaper being published in the town of Greenville, Michigan . (It is not known how long the previous editor, C.N. Miller, had been running the paper) . George Johnson stated in his first editorial (26 September, 1895) that it was his intention to fulfill the need for a Danish paper in the state of Michigan. In his paper Danish language readers were to be supplied with local, national, and foreign news, advertisements, and a means for Danish-Americans to voice their …

The World Of Robert Storm Petersen, Allen E. Hye

The Bridge

Thirty years after his death in March, 1949, Robert Storm Petersen is still regarded as Denmark's greatest humorist; in fact, he is enjoying an astonishing revival in Scandinavian popular culture. T-shirts, advertising campaigns, key chains - all bear his likeness or that of his loveable cartoon characters. Even a museum has been established (Pile Alle 2, 2000 Copenhagen F) to promote his memory and humor. Since its founding in the fall of 1977, the museum, under the direction of Jens Bing, has been sorting and cataloging books, paintings, memorabilia, including the humorist's extensive pipe collection, and the some 60,000 drawings …

Notes On The Early Mormon Mission In Denmark, Donald K. Watkins

The Bridge

Jens Patrick Wilde's article in this issue of The Bridge vividly describes the hardships, grief and sometimes disaster that accompanied the Mormons during their famous trek across the Great Plains to Utah in the 1850s. Less well known is the role of the Northern European immigrant in this difficult passage to the Great Basin. Scandinavian immigrant participation in the growth of Utah and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was especially great in the period 1850-1890, and in the decade before the Civil War Mormons made up the largest identifiable segment, 19%, of the some 10,000 Danes in …

Full Issue

The Bridge

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents

The Bridge

No abstract provided.

Editorial Statement

The Bridge

No abstract provided.

The Educational Philosophy Of N.F.S. Grundtvig A Century Of Influence: A Case Study Of A Lutheran Congregation, Omaha, Nebraska, Ruth Thorup Herman

The Bridge

When the editor of The Bridge asked if I would write my reaction to my dissertation, I did a great deal of thinking. How would I write about my feelings which covered the four years during which I did the research and writing of this paper? I concluded that a historical review would give me the best opportunity to present my reaction to my research. Then, when he asked me to review my own study since it related my experiences, I concluded that both could be incorporated in one effort if I were permitted to make personal references.

Jonas Bronck Most Famous Among The First Danes In New York, Ebba Tang Frandsen

The Bridge

Information for this article is excerpted from Carlo Christensen's book, De Forste Danske i New York, Nyt Nordisk Forlag - Arnold Busch - Kj!6benhavn, 1953. Carlo Christensen was for many years Cultural Attache with the Danish Embassy in Washington, D.C., a position in which he served with great distinction. Carlo Christensen states in the Forward that the book is the result of research carried on for 20 years in his spare time, and that there is still much material to be researched.

Editorial Introduction, Gerald Rasmussen

The Bridge

Most Danish immigrants to the United States of America headed for the northern tier of the Middle Western states. The majority stayed there. The autobiographical pieces that follow present the accounts of three Danish immigrants to the Middle West. Each one is personal and subjective. Each of the writers came from different provinces in Denmark, and from different environments within those provinces. Readers will note that the three accounts represent three eras - the 1890's, the 1920's and late 1940's. Curious readers will perhaps explore whether the differences in chronological time of the uprooting, as well as the different backgrounds, …

Thirty Years Of Emigrating, Lis Jorgensen

The Bridge

Contemporary emigration is both like and unlike the earlier emigration of Scandinavia.

The emigrants came to North America in the nineteenth century largely because of overpopulation in their own countries creating famine or purely for economic reasons. In North America they could obtain free or cheap land and thus make a better living for their families. According to early accounts, however, they often suffered even greater hardships here than at home. One question that seemed to bother the Danish settlers was whether they had done the right thing in leaving the old country. They wondered if in their struggle for …

Full Issue

The Bridge

No abstract provided.

The Dufour Effect. Iii. Direct Experimental Determination Of The Heat Of Transport Of Carbon Tetrachloride-Cyclohexane Liquid Mixtures, Richard L. Rowley, Frederick H. Horne

Faculty Publications

The heat of transport of carbon tetrachloride-cyclohexane liquid mixtures has been determined directly by Dufour effect experiments. The technique employs a withdrawable ''liquid gate'' to create a nonturbulent, sharp diffusional interface. The partial differential equations governing the barycentric velocity, composition, and temperature distributions are solved with a Crank-Nicholson implicit numerical scheme. This allows inclusion of the composition and temperature dependence of the thermodynamic and transport parameters. For mean mole fraction of carbon tetrachloride x1 between 0.34 and 0.55 and for mean temperature T between 295.13 and 296.43 degreesK, the best least squares fit of the data for the heat of …

Variation In Leaf Anatomy And Co2 Assimilation In Sitanion Hystrix Ecotypes, Warren P. Clary

Great Basin Naturalist

Collections of Sitanion hystrix known to differ in phenological development, height, dry matter production, and total water use were examined for possible differences in leaf anatomy and in CO₂ assimilation rates. Collections originating in warm, dry habitats produced the narrowest leaves with the fewest veins. Other anatomical characteristics examined were either not different among collections or the differences did not appear to be related to the original habitats. The CO₂ assimilation rates were similar on per-unit weight basis; therefore total assimilation varied as a function of plant size.

End Matter, Vol. 39 No. 4

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Karyotypes Of Four Artemisia Species: A. Carruthii, A. Filifolia, A. Frigida, And A. Spinescens, E. Durant Mcarthur, C. Lorenzo Pope

Great Basin Naturalist

Artemisia carruthii and A. frigida of the subgenus Artemisia and A. filifolia and A. spinescens of the subgenus Dracunculus all have chromosome numbers based on x = 9. Diploid (2n = 18) karyotypes of each species are composed of large, medium, and small chromosomes that are mainly metacentric and submetacentric. The individual karyotypes are similar but distinctive. Artemisia filifolia's karyotype and chemistry is quite similar to that of Section Tridentatae, but A. filifolia has significant morphological differences with respect to the Tridentatae. Artemisia spinescens includes a tetraploid (2n = 36) population as well as diploid populations. Karyotypic …

Full Issue, Vol. 39 No. 4

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Boraginaceae Of The Southwestern United States, Larry C. Higgins

Great Basin Naturalist

The borage Family Boraginaceae is treated for the southwestern United States. Treated are 18 genera, 113 species, and 24 varieties from Arizona, New Mexico, and the desert regions of southeastern California. A key to the genera and species is included along with detailed descriptions, distribution data, chromosome counts when known, and comments for many of the taxa. A proposed new combination is Plagiobothrys scouleri (H. & A.) I. M. Johnston var. cusickii (E. L. Greene) Higgins.

Anomiopsyllinae (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae), Ii. The Genera Callistopsyllus, Conorhinopsylla, Megarthroglossus, And Stenistomera, Vernon J. Tipton, Harold E. Stark, John A. Wildie

Great Basin Naturalist

The subfamily Anomiopsyllinae in North America consists of five genera: Anomiopsyllus Baker; Callistopsyllus Jordan and Rothschild; Conorhinopsylla Stewart; Megarthroglossus Jordan and Rothschild; and Stenistomera Rothschild. The revision of Anomiopsyllus was the subject of a previous paper, and the remaining four genera are treated herein. The North American genus Jordanopsylla Traub and Tipton and the Palearctic genus Wagnerina Ioff and Argyropulo had been included in the subfamily Anomiopsyllinae by Ioff and Argyropulo, but these two genera possess characters which are not consistent with the current definition of the subfamily. All species are considered to be "nest fleas," but modifications for a …

Front Matter, Vol. 39 No. 4

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Index [And Table Of Contents] To Volume 39

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Culture And Species Endangerment, Roland C. Clement

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Species endangerment has so far been addressed mostly by biologists. It is now important to involve social scientists, inasmuch as the problems are man caused. The history of our attitudes, our uses of the land, and the reasons wherefore are problems for everyone.
The evidence suggests that the causes of endangerment may be grouped under (1) direct and indirect exploitation of resources, and (2) population displacement by modern agriculture, with consequent migration to the city or to the forest frontier, where accelerated forest destruction is the result. The displaced people are part of the marginalized two-thirds of the human race …

The Meaning Of "Rare" And "Endangered" In The Evolution Of Western Shrubs, Howard C. Stutz

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

In the evolutionary process, species continually come and go. Consequently, all species on earth today were, at one time, "rare and endangered" while in their infancy, and most will become "rare and endangered" once more as they are replaced. Therefore, decisions relative to protecting rare and endangered species are largely meaningless if based on numbers alone. They must include information about their biology and evolutionary history. Lists of endangered forms currently being prepared apparently include only those which are (1) scarce (rare and of restricted distribution), (2) named, and (3) sponsored. Their biological, economic, and academic values may be more …

Strategies For The Preservation Of Rare Plants, Arthur H. Holmgren

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Preservation of the habitat is the only logical strategy to save endangered species from early extinction. Ecological amplitudes of rare species are very narrow, so transplantation to such alien sites as botanical gardens is not a solution. Protection may not be the answer. We must learn as much as we can about the biology of the species in question, in the field and under laboratory conditions. The first steps must be to determine the distribution. This would be followed by analysis of soils by means of physical and chemical studies. Pollination ecology, associated species, phenological records, and genetic and cytological …

Some Reproductive And Life History Characteristics Of Rare Plants And Implications Of Management, K. T. Harper

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Analysis of the vascular floras of Utah, Colorado, and California suggest that a syndrome of life form and reproductive characteristics separates rare and common species. Woody plants are heavily underrepresented, and herbs are overrepresented on the official lists of endangered and/or threatened plants of the floras considered. Few of the rare species are descended from wind-pollinated ancestors, but instead are derived from the insect-pollinated stock. Theory suggests that many of the rare taxa will ultimately be shown to be self-pollinated. The date show a tendency for rare species to be better represented among taxa having bilaterally symmetrical as opposed to …

The Epoch Of Biotic Impoverishment, Thomas E. Lovejoy

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

1978 was the first year in the history of man that legal power to eradicate a species was established. It is one of a number of signs of rapidly accelerating rates of extinction which may result in reduction of biological diversity by one-seventh to one-fifth, with a parallel reduction in the planet's capacity to support man and a permanent reduction in the potential body of biological knowledge. Species loss of such a degree would warrant designating the close of the Recent epoch and the opening of a new one of Biotic Impoverishment. A great deal of the extinctions will occur …

Endangered And Threatened Plants Of Utah: A Case Study, Stanley L. Welsh

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Endangered and threatened plants of Utah are evaluated as to their distribution in phytogeographic subdivisions, substrates, plant communities, elevations, and geological strata. The phytogeographic subunits were partitioned and comparisons made of distribution as outlined for the parameters cited above. A predictive model is suggested based on the nonrandom distribution of endemic plant species.

Management Programs For Plants On Federal Lands, Duane Atwood

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

The plant phase of the Endangered Species Program is discussed from the point of view of a professional botanist in government service. Some of the new amendments are also discussed from a botanical standpoint. Federal agency programs and policies in the western United States are briefly reviewed. The strength of the Endangered Species Program is dependent upon input from qualified professional biologists in and out of government service. Some of the problems encountered in the program are outlined.

Rare Species As Examples Of Plant Evolution, G. Ledyard Stebbins

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

Rare species, including endangered ones, can be very valuable sources of information about evolutionary processes. They may be rare and valuable because: (1) they are evolutionary youngsters and could represent an entirely new evolutionary strategy of great scientific and practical value; (2) they are evolutionary relicts that have stored enormous amounts of genetic information of great worth; (3) they may represent endemic varieties that harbor a great deal of the genetic variability in the gene pool that would be of enormous value to a plant geneticist; the rarity of the plant is not necessarily correlated with the size of its …