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Lesser Long-Nosed Bat (Leptonycteris Yerbabuenae) Range Expansion Into Northern Grant County, New Mexico, Keith Geluso, Kenneth N. Geluso Jun 2021

Lesser Long-Nosed Bat (Leptonycteris Yerbabuenae) Range Expansion Into Northern Grant County, New Mexico, Keith Geluso, Kenneth N. Geluso

Western North American Naturalist

The lesser long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) previously was known only from extreme southwestern New Mexico in southern Hidalgo County. Herein, we documented L. yerbabuenae from northern Grant County along the Gila River on the southern edge of the Mogollon Plateau, which represents a 110-km range expansion to the north. We captured mostly volant young-of-the-year (68.5%) and adult females (25.9%) as well as a few adult males (5.6%) in September 2019. With assistance from local residents, we have evidence that nectar-feeding bats have been using hummingbird feeders in the area at least since 2014 and are a relatively …

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Full Issue May 2021

Full Issue

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Incorporating Religion Into Therapy To Better Treat Depression, Jacob Tubbs May 2021

Incorporating Religion Into Therapy To Better Treat Depression, Jacob Tubbs

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common treatment option for depression. Often, CBT is only effective at masking the symptoms of depression without helping the person overcome depression altogether; thus, it may benefit CBT patients if alternative therapies are combined with CBT. Incorporating the patient’s religion into therapy is an alternative that may help many people. A large percentage of Americans are still religious or spiritual. This literature review discusses methods of building a personalized version of CBT that incorporates the patient’s religion, or religiously integrated CBT (RCBT), and the effects …

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Judicious Vulnerability: How Humility, Teachability, And Awareness Impact Teams In Organizational Settings, Mac Strachan May 2021

Judicious Vulnerability: How Humility, Teachability, And Awareness Impact Teams In Organizational Settings, Mac Strachan

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

In some professions, such as medicine, law enforcement, athletics, and education, maintaining high performance standards while being emotionally stoic often leads to work fatigue and burnout. This state of being can be detrimental to the health of both the professionals and the organization that employs them, bringing into question the necessity of a culture driven by competition and ego. As such, this paper explores the concept of vulnerability as a means to explain cognitive and emotional processes that positively affect relational behavior and organizational culture. Judicious vulnerability sits at the intersection of humility, teachability, and awareness and has the capacity …

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Birth Order: Shaping Lives One Sibling At A Time, Savannah Sarvey May 2021

Birth Order: Shaping Lives One Sibling At A Time, Savannah Sarvey

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Personality development, and even intelligence, is influenced by family members once a child is brought into the world. The family, especially the siblings, has a notable impact on the child’s development. Siblings provide the first social interactions children have, both positive and negative. Siblings affect the personality and intellectual development of individuals via differences in family responsibilities and changes that arise in the home environment as more children are added to the household. Older siblings will likely have stronger leadership skills because of these responsibilities, and younger children may not receive as many benefits in intellectual abilities because of these …

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Socially Prescribed Perfectionism: A Threat To University Students’ Success, Kelsie J. Richards May 2021

Socially Prescribed Perfectionism: A Threat To University Students’ Success, Kelsie J. Richards

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) can lead to increased rates of dropout among university students. Perfectionistic expectations can create chronic stress and various negative emotions, which can lead to mental health problems. In addition, students with SPP may feel a strong obligation to pursue higher education and may therefore be less intrinsically motivated to learn, placing more importance on obtaining high grades than on learning. Unfortunately, this prioritization of grades over learning may also increase the risk of cheating among these students. Procrastination of homework and avoidance of situations that can expose their imperfections to others may impact these students’ performance …

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Put The Score On The Back Burner: Coach–Athlete Relationships And Anxiety, Tiffany Peterson May 2021

Put The Score On The Back Burner: Coach–Athlete Relationships And Anxiety, Tiffany Peterson

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Anxiety is a very prevalent mental disorder among adolescents and can be unfavorable to their developing mental, cognitive, and social health. Although it comes in many forms, social anxiety disorder, which can affect peer relations, academic success, and sport performance, can be especially difficult during teenage years. More specifically, high school sports provide many situations and stressors that can trigger social anxiety. Some major aspects of high school sports that can trigger social anxiety are working with teammates and learning from coaches. This review seeks to provide a better understanding of the effect that the coach–athlete relationship has on anxiety …

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Helping Babies: The Mental And Physical Effects Of Massage Therapy On Preterm Infants, Sadie Johnson May 2021

Helping Babies: The Mental And Physical Effects Of Massage Therapy On Preterm Infants, Sadie Johnson

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The purpose of this paper is to address and review the literature regarding the effects of massage therapy on preterm infants. Each of the studies done focused on infants aged 0–12 months. The literature specifically looks at irritability states, stress, analgesia, weight-gain, sleep-wake cycles, cognition, and gastrointestinal function. In accordance with the studies reviewed in this article, I deduce that massage therapy can be used with preterm infants to reduce irritability and stress, increase weight-gain, support greater rest, facilitate short-term cognitive improvement, and create a greater improvement in gastrointestinal function. Massage therapy can also reduce pain in infants who have …

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Anxiety Disorders: A Review Of Neurobiological Structures, Neurocognitive Expressions, And Treatment Options, Lucy A. Jessee May 2021

Anxiety Disorders: A Review Of Neurobiological Structures, Neurocognitive Expressions, And Treatment Options, Lucy A. Jessee

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

There are many types of anxiety disorders, all of which are most recognizable by their display of excessive fear or worry. In order to fully recognize and treat anxiety disorders, individuals must understand the neurobiological causes and neurocognitive expressions of the disorder. This review examines 16 studies on the neurobiology, cognitive symptoms, and treatment options for anxiety disorders. This revealed that the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, visual cortex, and superior temporal gyrus play a substantial role in anxiety disorders. These biological substrates are then linked to common cognitive symptoms of anxiety disorders, including executive function deficits. Finally, both neuropharmacological therapy and …

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Efficacy Of Narrative Exposure Therapy Among Refugees With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Jarom J. R. Hickenlooper May 2021

Efficacy Of Narrative Exposure Therapy Among Refugees With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Jarom J. R. Hickenlooper

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent among refugee and asylum-seeker populations. Narrative exposure therapy (NET) has been effective in reducing PTSD symptoms in multiple trials. The present review analyzed 19 studies from the PsychInfo database, in which NET was utilized for exclusively refugee or asylum-seeker populations in locations of resettlement. Studies demonstrated effectiveness in reducing PTSD symptoms. In most studies, NET was more effective than other mental health treatments. Results indicated moderate to insignificant symptom reduction in other measures as well, including measures of depression. Discussions in each of the studies were examined for common themes regarding efficacy. Implications for …

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Assessing The Health Effects Of Police Violence On Black Communities In America: A Literature Review, Darian Hannig May 2021

Assessing The Health Effects Of Police Violence On Black Communities In America: A Literature Review, Darian Hannig

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Police-related mortality rates are disproportionately higher among Black populations than among any other racial group in the United States. While official data on non-fatal encounters with police is lacking, current evidence suggests these encounters are more common among Black individuals and often result in signs of immediate psychological and physical damage, as well as triggering long-lasting physiological stress responses and psychological trauma among these individuals and their communities. The aim of this literature review is to assess if police interactions are associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes among Black Americans. Using scholarly electronic databases, 13 articles were analyzed …

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Sports-Injury Recovery Through Psychological Interventions, Harley T. Hamilton May 2021

Sports-Injury Recovery Through Psychological Interventions, Harley T. Hamilton

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The biomechanics of an injury is the typical focus of athletic trainers and coaches. Surgery is often the result of sports injury and is routinely followed by a rehabilitation plan. This plan usually includes physical therapy and focuses on the return of mobility and function of the injured anatomical structure (Rodriguez et al., 2019). Athletic trainers are usually not properly trained on the psychological aspects of injury recovery (Bennett et al., 2016). Sometimes the involvement of a sports medicine professional (SMP) or sport psychology consultant (SPC) is necessary to help the athlete fully recover. Because there is a psychological change …

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Empathy And Fairness In Nonhuman Primates: Evolutionary Bases Of Human Morality, Colt Halter May 2021

Empathy And Fairness In Nonhuman Primates: Evolutionary Bases Of Human Morality, Colt Halter

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Darwin offered an evolutionary perspective on the origins of human morality, suggesting that humans share a biological foundation with nonhuman primates. This paper reviews the current literature on moral and prosocial behaviors of nonhuman primates, specifically examining whether nonhuman primates exhibit behaviors that are typical of empathy and fairness. The literature documents that nonhuman primates exhibit empathetic behaviors regarding emotional contagion and sympathetic concern. There is also evidence that nonhuman primates have a sense of fairness, seen in their reciprocal behaviors and aversion to inequity. Taken together, this suggests that there are evolutionary roots of morality, lending empirical support to …

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Guilt By Obesity: A Closer Look At Obesity Stigmas, Loriana Goulding May 2021

Guilt By Obesity: A Closer Look At Obesity Stigmas, Loriana Goulding

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Obesity stigmas have led to an increased interest in the body-positivity movement in recent years. However, despite the decreasing discrimination and shaming of the obese, many people still consciously and unconsciously adhere to obesity stigmas and myths. These false beliefs are harmful not only to obese individuals but also to society, given that over 1/3 of the U.S. adult population is now obese (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). These stigmas can be especially harmful to obese individuals who are victims of wrongdoings and to obese individuals who are accused of a wrongdoing (Yamawaki, Riley, Rasmussen, & Cook, 2018). …

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The Comorbidity Of Drug And Alcohol Consumption In Relation To Mental Health Disorders, Sydney Dawson May 2021

The Comorbidity Of Drug And Alcohol Consumption In Relation To Mental Health Disorders, Sydney Dawson

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

The constantly increasing use of drugs and alcohol in young adults has created great controversy in the medical community on the long-term effects of these substances. The average brain development of adolescence and young adults is not complete until the age of 25, though drug and alcohol intake occur across the United States at younger ages each year. Impulsive behavior and underdeveloped neural pathways create a strong pull for addiction formulations and the development of severe mental-health problems. This paper reviews the positive and negative effects of illicit drugs and alcohol intake and their comorbidity with mental health disorders. There …

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Specific Challenges Faced By Females With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Brad W. Davis May 2021

Specific Challenges Faced By Females With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Brad W. Davis

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complicated developmental condition. ASD is typically known as a male-associated disorder with three to four times as many males diagnosed with the disorder than females (Loomes, Hull, & Mandy, 2017). Recent studies on the differences between males and females with ASD have recognized an underdiagnosis of females with ASD. Researchers have found that females with ASD have a specific set of mannerisms and struggles that differ from their male counterparts, which may be “camouflaging” the females into society (Lai et al., 2019). Many undiagnosed females with ASD are not receiving the mental, emotional, and …

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Exploring The Relationship Between Wealth And Happiness In An International Context, Madison Coleman May 2021

Exploring The Relationship Between Wealth And Happiness In An International Context, Madison Coleman

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

This paper explores the literature regarding the relationship between wealth and happiness in cross-cultural or international contexts. A search on several online databases found 23 articles relevant to the topic. The authors studied this wealth-happiness relationship using varying definitions of subjective well-being (SWB) and life satisfaction to measure happiness, and using absolute income, relative income, consumption, or national income to measure wealth. This review discusses several theories that discuss the relationship between wealth and happiness and the causal factors that may explain it. These include the fulfillment of basic needs, social comparison, and the presence of certain demographic markers or …

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Scrupulosity And Latter-Day Saints: The Potential Benefits Of Tolerating Uncertainty, Madeline R. Christensen May 2021

Scrupulosity And Latter-Day Saints: The Potential Benefits Of Tolerating Uncertainty, Madeline R. Christensen

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Many religious individuals, including members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS individuals), suffer from a manifestation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) known as scrupulosity. Scrupulosity is characterized by a cycle of anxiety-producing fear of sinful or immoral behavior and compulsive attempts to soothe that anxiety through religious means. While several therapeutic methods have proven effective for various dimensions of OCD, treatment of individuals with scrupulosity has been less successful. Increasing amounts of research indicate that an intolerance of uncertainty (IU) may play an important role in many psychological disorders, including OCD and, potentially, scrupulosity. IU may be …

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Exposure To Nature: An Underutilized Component Of Student Mental Health, Jeremy S. Bekker May 2021

Exposure To Nature: An Underutilized Component Of Student Mental Health, Jeremy S. Bekker

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Nature-exposure interventions on university campuses may serve as an effective addition to overburdened counseling and student support centers. Nature-exposure interventions can work as a preventative health measure on campuses, which can be used adjacently with existing health resources. This paper outlines the potential benefits of nature exposure for students’ physical health, mental well-being, and academic success. Previous research has demonstrated that nature exposure may help reduce cognitive load, decrease negative psychological symptoms, increase psychological coping ability, and lead to better physical health. Many campuses already contain green spaces, defined as any part of an environment that is predominately made of …

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Balanced Parenting: The Effects Of Family Functioning On Suicide And Non-Suicidal Self-Injury In Adolescents, Stephen Bahr May 2021

Balanced Parenting: The Effects Of Family Functioning On Suicide And Non-Suicidal Self-Injury In Adolescents, Stephen Bahr

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents. Suicidal behavior is also highly correlated with non-suicidal self-injury. Many studies show a correlation between the level of family functioning and these adolescent self-harming behaviors. In this review specifically, a compilation of synthesized studies shows that two factors of family functioning—cohesion and flexibility—have a high association with self-harming behavior in adolescents. Families with low levels of cohesion (disengaged) frequently cause feelings of loneliness and isolation, which may lead youth to self-harm. Inversely, adolescents of families with extremely high levels of cohesion (enmeshed) often feel unable to express their true feelings …

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Front Matter May 2021

Front Matter

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Effect Of Schematic Congruence On Mnemonic Discrimination In The Hippocampal Subregions, Ariana M. Hedges-Muncy May 2021

Effect Of Schematic Congruence On Mnemonic Discrimination In The Hippocampal Subregions, Ariana M. Hedges-Muncy

Theses and Dissertations

Two experiments are presented in this dissertation to investigate the effect a schema may have on mnemonic discrimination. We developed stimuli composed of a foreground item on a background that was either schematically congruent or incongruent. For the encoding phase of both experiments, these stimuli were presented to 98 participants, who were tasked with determining the congruency of each foreground-background pair. Next, the two experiments diverged for the retrieval phase, where participants were presented with either the same object as before (Target) or one that was similar (Lure). Forty-six participants in Experiment 1 saw stimuli with the same background as …

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Predictors Of Psychosocial Functioning Following Pediatric Neuropsychological Assessment, Benjamin D. Eschler May 2021

Predictors Of Psychosocial Functioning Following Pediatric Neuropsychological Assessment, Benjamin D. Eschler

Theses and Dissertations

Pediatric neuropsychological evaluations are often used to help with diagnostic clarification, aid with treatment planning, and propose recommendations. Yet, little is known about the effects that a neuropsychological evaluation may have on psychosocial outcome and functioning. The present study sought to replicate customer satisfaction results and recommendation adherence results from previous studies while including a longitudinal measure of psychosocial functioning to determine change over time in a pre-test post-test design. Parents of children who underwent a neuropsychological evaluation between May 2016 and December 2020 were invited to complete a survey including the consumer satisfaction questionnaire and treatment adherence questions. They …

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Maternal And Paternal Psychological Well-Being And Child Behavior In Japan, Jared Poff May 2021

Maternal And Paternal Psychological Well-Being And Child Behavior In Japan, Jared Poff

Theses and Dissertations

Understanding child behavioral outcomes is important because early behavioral issues can lead to negative outcomes that persist throughout the life course. One characteristic that can affect child behavioral outcomes is parental psychological well-being. While there have been many studies describing the effects of parental psychological well-being on child behavior in the US, the nature of this relationship in non-Western countries has yet to be thoroughly explored. There is also limited research that distinguishes between the effects of both maternal and paternal psychological well-being on child behavioral outcomes. Japan is an interesting area in which to examine this relationship due to …

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Great Blue Heron Forages For Fish By Bill-Vibrating, Blanton P. Combs May 2021

Great Blue Heron Forages For Fish By Bill-Vibrating, Blanton P. Combs

Western North American Naturalist

The more than 60 species in the family Ardeidae (herons, egrets, and bitterns) are known to be very creative at catching prey. Kushlan (1978) describes a total of 38 feeding behaviors for this family. Each species uses several feeding methods, but only 6 species, or about 10% of the family, are known to attract fish by vibrating their bills in water, a technique first described by Buckley and Buckley (1968). This makes bill-vibrating one of the least common feeding tactics in Ardeidae. On 10 May 2019, I observed and photographed an adult Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) foraging …

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Small-Target Detection And Observation With Vision-Enabled Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Hayden Matthew Morgan May 2021

Small-Target Detection And Observation With Vision-Enabled Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Hayden Matthew Morgan

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis focuses on vision-based detection and observation of small, slow-moving targets using a gimballed fixed-wing unmanned aircraft system (UAS). Generally, visual tracking algorithms are tuned to detect motion of relatively large objects in the scene with noticeably significant motion; therefore, applications such as high-altitude visual searches for human motion often ignore target motion as noise. Furthermore, after a target is identified, arbitrary maneuvers for transitioning to overhead orbits for better observation may result in temporary or permanent loss of target visibility. We present guidelines for tuning parameters of the Visual Multiple Target Tracking (Visual MTT) algorithm to enhance its …

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Applications Of And Algorithms For Genome Assembly And Genomic Analyses With An Emphasis On Marine Teleosts, Brandon D. Pickett May 2021

Applications Of And Algorithms For Genome Assembly And Genomic Analyses With An Emphasis On Marine Teleosts, Brandon D. Pickett

Theses and Dissertations

The burgeoning frequency of genome sequencing in recent years is a testament to both the improvements in sequencing technologies and the utility of genomic analyses for biological discovery. The rapid proliferation in technological advancements and availability of complementary data types and techniques has obfuscated the optimal process of genome assembly and raised the barrier to entry to unprecedented levels. In this dissertation, we describe the genome assemblies performed for several marine teleosts and discuss the algorithms and applications required for genome assembly, including some of our specific contributions to the genome assembly and annotation space. In Chapter 1 and Chapter …

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Introduction To The Special Issue On Couples, Families, And Finance, Melissa A. Curran, Ashley B. Lebaron, Xiaomin Li, Casey J. Totenhagen May 2021

Introduction To The Special Issue On Couples, Families, And Finance, Melissa A. Curran, Ashley B. Lebaron, Xiaomin Li, Casey J. Totenhagen

Faculty Publications

For the nine papers that appear in this special issue, we identified three main organizing themes: (1) Understudied aspects of family financial socialization, (2) Individuals or couples in different-sex romantic relationships, and (3) Finances and perceived parent–child relationships. In this introduction, we describe the main points of each of these papers within each theme. We also discuss what we have learned from these papers (e.g., finances assessed using eight different datasets; range of samples including adults repaying loans, newlywed couples, and a nationally representative sample of U.S. college students) as well as what future research questions remain (e.g., financial studies …

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Courtship Behavior Of The Meadow Jumping Mouse (Zapus Hudsonius), Ethan A. Brem, William J. Israelsen May 2021

Courtship Behavior Of The Meadow Jumping Mouse (Zapus Hudsonius), Ethan A. Brem, William J. Israelsen

Western North American Naturalist

We describe the first recorded observations of courtship behavior of the meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius) made in wild-caught and captive-reared animals. Male meadow jumping mice performed a series of courtship behaviors upon approach to the female, including rapid fanning of the muzzle with the forelimbs, self-grooming, muzzle fanning, retreat, and eventual mounting attempts. During courtship, female jumping mice may retreat, ignore the courting male, or bat at the male with forelimbs until the male retreats. Active rejection of the courting male by the female is suggestive of female mate choice in this species.


Describimos las primeras observaciones …

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Spatiospectral Features In Supersonic, Highly Heated Jet Noise, Kevin Matthew Leete May 2021

Spatiospectral Features In Supersonic, Highly Heated Jet Noise, Kevin Matthew Leete

Theses and Dissertations

The sound produced by military aircraft is dominated by noise generated by the turbulent mixing of the jetted exhaust with the ambient air. This jet noise has the potential to annoy the community and pose a hearing loss risk for military personnel. The goal of this dissertation is to characterize spatiospectral features in the field produced by full-scale military aircraft that are not traditionally seen at the laboratory scale and identify potential noise mechanisms for these features. Measurements of two military aircraft jet noise fields are found to be best described as a superposition of spatiospectral lobes, whose relative amplitudes …

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