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The Development And Evaluation Of The Knife Finite Element, Brett W. Clark

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents the development and evaluation of the knife finite element which is a degenerate case of a hexahedral element. The knife connectivity is an artifact of automatic all-hexahedral mesh generators. Currently, knives are propagated to the surface of the mesh for removal. However since this disturbs the surface mesh, other alternatives are needed. This thesis investigates the option of leaving the knife connectivity in the mesh and treating it as a valid finite element. The shape functions and stiffness matrix for the knife element are derived and evaluated using theoretical and practical evaluations. It is concluded that the …

Dam-Forming Cacti And Nitrogen Enrichment In A Piñon-Juniper Woodland In Northwestern Arizona, Molly Thomas Hysell, Charles C. Grier

Great Basin Naturalist

In a piñon-juniper woodland in northwestern Arizona, connected basal cladodes of a prickly pear cactus (Opuntia littoralis var. martiniana) form check dams that cause deposition of N-rich detritus interspaces otherwise lacking litter. Seventy-eight percent of connected basal cladodes measured in transects grew at an angle (with respect to the slope contour) ≤ 45°—an orientation facilitating deposition of flood-borne debris.

Soil total N was significantly greater (P < 0.01) and organic C was greater, but not significantly, above cactus dams compared to below cactus dams. Soil total N and organic C both above and below cactus dams were significantly greater (P = 0.0001) compared to adjacent interspaces. Soil total N and organic C above cactus dams were equal to areas beneath canopies (tree and shrub combined). Net NO₃⁻ (0–5 …

Masada: Herod's Fortress And The Zealot's Last Stand, Yigael Yadin

BYU Studies

From 1963 to 1977, before Professor Yigael Yadin entered politics and became Deputy Prime Minister of Israel, he held the most distinguished chair of archaeology at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, a chair which was established in the name of his father, Professor E. L. Sukenik, who was in his own right a noted archaeologist and linguist and who performed the initial work on three of the seven Dead Sea Scrolls discovered in Cave 1 at Qumran. An indication of the remarkable abilities of Professor Yadin can be seen in his notable military career. Without receiving any formal military training, …

The Roman Army In The First Century, William J. Hamblin

BYU Studies

At the time of Jesus, the Roman army was at the height of its power and prestige. In the preceding four centuries, Roman legions had raised Rome from a small regional city-state to master of the entire Mediterranean world. Barring a few notable defeats—such as during the war against Hannibal or the battle of the Teutoberg Forest—Roman arms had proved victorious against Gauls, Germans, Iberians, Britons, Mauritanians, Numidians, Cartheginians, Libyans, Egyptians, Illyrians, Macedonians, Greeks, Thracians, Capadocians, Armenians, Persians, Syrians, Arabs, and Judeans, creating one of the greatest military empires of world history. The overwhelming military power of Rome was the …

Casting Stones: Ballista, Stones As Weapons, And Death By Stoning, James V. Garrison

BYU Studies

Josephus reports that once the Romans had completed their great siege ramp on the west side of Masada, they brought up an enormous tower in wheels, over one hundred feet high (based on a twenty-inch cubit) and entirely encased in iron. From this tower, Roman artillery opened fire on those defending the walls, sending showers of stones and other missiles down on them and forcing them to retreat into the fortress. With this objective accomplished, a great battering ram began the assault on the walls, and the fall of Masada became imminent.

King Herod, Richard Neitzel Holzapfel

BYU Studies

Herod visited Masada, a Hasmonean mountain stronghold situated near the Dead Sea, on at least two occasions before he began his remarkable career as king of the Jews. Popularly known today as Herod the Great, Herod eventually became connected with this site when he indelibly placed his architectural mark on its isolated rocky plateau. Standing at an elevation of about thirteen hundred feet above the level of the Dead Sea, the fortress, now called Horvot Mezada (Ruins of Masada), is extremely difficult to access because of its steep and sometimes vertical sides.

Genealogical Research On Chinese Names: An Annotated Bibliography, Sheau-Yueh J. Chao

Journal of East Asian Libraries

No abstract provided.

A Final Visit To The Land Of My Birth Baselland, Switzerland June 1994, Ernest Albert Thurkauf

Swiss American Historical Society Review

Mother was exiled 30 years in America -- so I spent 30 days in Liestal, one for every year she was isolated and banished! My mind was constantly on such thoughts as I daily walked the streets of Liestal. Tired as I was, I never reached the point of exhaustion such as she did - - especially when she walked behind the harrows with a four-horse team [One Small Lifetime, page 79.] My 30 days for her 30 years was poor compensation for a devoted mother who almost died to bring me into the world! [One Small Lifetime, bottom of …

Council Activities, Doris Seely, Hideyuki Morimoto, Yasuko Makino

Journal of East Asian Libraries

No abstract provided.

Full Issue

Swiss American Historical Society Review

No abstract provided.

A Robust System For Natural Spoken Dialogue, Eric K. Ringger, James F. Allen, Bradford W. Miller, Teresa Sikorski

Faculty Publications

This paper describes a system that leads us to believe in the feasibility of constructing natural spoken dialogue systems in task-oriented domains. It specifically addresses the issue of robust interpretation of speech in the presence of recognition errors. Robustness is achieved by a combination of statistical error post-correction, syntactically- and semantically-driven robust parsing, and extensive use of the dialogue context. We present an evaluation of the system using time-to-completion and the quality of the final solution that suggests that most native speakers of English can use the system successfully with virtually no training.

A Brief Introduction To Formal Methods, Paul E. Black, Kelly M. Hall, Michael D. Jones, Trent N. Larson, Phillip J. Windley

Faculty Publications

As hardware designs grow in size and complexity, current design methods are proving less adequate. Current methods for specification, design, and test are typically empirical or informal, that is, they are based on experience and argument. Formal methods are solidly based on mathematical logic systems and precise rules of inference. Formal methods offer a discipline which complements current methods so designers can successfully meet the demand for high performance systems. Formal methods covers a broad and diverse set of techniques aimed at improving computer correctness. This paper explains the role of specifications and implementation models in formal methods, and different …

Dependence Of The Normalized Radar Cross Section Of Water Waves On Bragg Wavelength-Wind Speed Sensitivity, David G. Long, R. Scott Collyer, David V. Arnold

Faculty Publications

Measurements of the normalized radar cross section (O) made by the YSCAT ultrawideband scatterometer during an extended deployment on the Canada Centre for Inland Waters (CCIW) Research Tower located at Lake Ontario are analyzed and compared with anemometer wind measurements to study the sensitivity of O to the wind speed as a function of the Bragg wavelength. This paper concentrates on upwind and downwind azimuth angles in the wind speed range of 4.5-12 m/s. While YSCAT collected measurements of O at a variety of frequencies and incidence angles, this paper focuses on frequencies of 2.0, 3.05, 5.30, 10.02, and 14.0 …

Error Correction Via A Post-Processor For Continuous Speech Recognition, Eric K. Ringger, James F. Allen

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a new technique for overcoming several types of speech recognition errors by post-processing the output of a continuous speech recognizer. The post-processor output contains fewer errors, thereby making interpretation by higher-level modules, such as a parser, in a speech understanding system more reliable. The primary advantage to the post-processing approach over existing approaches for overcoming SR errors lies in its abilityto introduce options that are not available in the SR module’s output. This work provides evidence for the claim that a modern continuous speech recognizer can be used successfully in “black-box” fashion for robustly interpreting spontaneous utterances …

Geographical Review Of The Historical And Current Status Of Ospreys (Pandion Haliaetus) In Utah, Clark S. Monson

Great Basin Naturalist

Small numbers of Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) are known to have nested historically in Utah. A precise baseline figure is unavailable, but the 19th-century Osprey population in Utah probably consisted of at least 15 breeding pairs scattered in 4 geographic regions. Human persecution is believed to have caused the abandonment of nesting territories along the Wasatch Front and in the western Uinta Mountains by 1900 and 1960, respectively. Osprey populations in the southern plateaus and Green River areas, however, began increasing in the late 1970s. Several recent nesting attempts and numerous summer sightings at nontraditional and abandoned historical sites …

Compressing Semi-Structured Text Using Hierarchical Phrase Identifications, Dan R. Olsen Jr., Craig G. Nevill-Manning, Ian H. Witten

Faculty Publications

The structure of this paper is as follows. We begin by identifying some characteristics of semi-structured text that have special relevance to data compression. We then give a brief account of a particular large textual database, and describe a compression scheme that exploits its structure. In addition to providing compression, the system gives some insight into the structure of the database. Finally we show how the hierarchical grammar can be generalized, first manually and then automatically, to yield further improvements in compression performance.

Grain-Boundary Structure Effects On Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking Of Alloy X-750, Brent L. Adams, Ted Olsen, N. Panayotou, Y. Pan

Faculty Publications

This work was supported by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-88ER 45355. TO was supported by the National Science Foundation during her 1993-94 stay at the Institute for Advanced Studies (Princeton) under grant DMS-9304580. The authors wish to acknowledge helpful discussion with Carol Nichols, John Hack, Gino Palumbo, Karl Aust, and Gary Was. It is well known that the properties and behavior of grain boundaries are strongly affected by local chemistry and atomic structure. This paper focuses on the mesoscale description of grain boundary structure (i.e. the five crystallographic degrees of freedom) and correlations with intergranular stress corrosion …

Methodological Considerations Fro The Comparative Study Of Civilization, John Mears

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

The Salt Lake Temple Infrastructure: Studying It Out In Their Minds, Paul C. Richards

BYU Studies

To offer their best to the Lord in constructing even the temple's infrastructure, the Saints researched and incorporated such available technologies as elevators and electricity.

Robert P. Hymes And Conrad Schirokauer (Eds.). Ordering The World: Approaches To State And Society In Sung Dynasty China, George Von-Der-Muhll

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

Calibration Of Spaceborne Scatterometers Using Tropical Rain Forests, David G. Long, Gary B. Skouson

Faculty Publications

Wind scatterometers are radar systems designed specifically to measure the normalized radar backscatter coefficient (O) of the ocean's surface in order to determine the near-surface wind vector. Postlaunch calibration of a wind scatterometer can be performed with an extended-area natural target such as the Amazon tropical rain forest. Rain forests exhibit a remarkably high degree of homogeneity in their radar response over a very large area though some spatial and temporal variability exist. The authors present a simple technique for calibrating scatterometer data using tropical rain forests, Using a polynomial model for the rolloff of O with incidence angle, the …

History Of The Kieburtz/Kyburz Family, R. Bruce Kieburtz

Swiss American Historical Society Review

The origins of the Kieburtz family are found in Switzerland, Canton Aargau, in the town of Oberentfelden. According to the Familien-Namenbuch der Schweiz, a set of books that list family names who possessed rights in a Swiss community as of 1962, the Kieburtz family, historically spelled Kyburz, had citizenship rights prior to 1800 (that qualifies it as an old family) in the towns of Erlinsbach, Oberentfelden, Suhr, Unterkulm, and Niedererlinsbach. The name, and citizenship, has diffused therefrom to at least six other cantons and eleven towns in Switzerland, and the name has migrated to an unknown number of foreign …

Full Issue

Swiss American Historical Society Review

No abstract provided.

Full Issue

The Bridge

No abstract provided.

Full Issue

Inscape

No abstract provided.

A New High Pressure Sapphire Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Cell, Shi Bai, Craig M. Taylor, Charles L. Mayne, Ronald J. Pugmire, David M. Grant

Faculty Publications

A new version of a single-crystal sapphire high pressure nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) cell is described that is capable of controlling the sample pressure independent of the temperature. A movable piston inside the cell adjusts and controls the sample pressure from ambient conditions to 200 atm within plus or minus 0.3 atm. The linewidth at half-height for a 13C spectrum of carbon dioxide at 15degrees C and 57.8 atm is found to be 0.5 Hz. The carbon dioxide gas/liquid phase transition is clearly observed by measuring 13C chemical shifts as the sample pressure approaches equilibrium. The time required for this …

Nitrogen Release During Coal Combustion, Thomas H. Fletcher, Larry L. Baxter, Reginald E. Mitchell, Robert H. Hurt

Faculty Publications

Experiments in entrained flow reactors at combustion temperatures are performed to resolve the rank dependence of nitrogen release on an elemental basis for a suite of 15 U.S. coals ranging from lignite to low-volatile bituminous. Data were obtained as a function of particle conversion, with overall mass loss up to 99 % on a dry, ash-free basis. Nitrogen release rates are presented relative to both carbon loss and overall mass loss. During devolatilization, fractional nitrogen release from low-rank coals is much slower than fractional mass release and noticeably slower than fractional carbon release. As coal rank increases, fractional nitrogen release …

Contributors

The Bridge

No abstract provided.

The Need For Local Government Cooperation In Maintaining Environmental Quality: Deq V. Mudville, Chris D. Brown

Brigham Young University Prelaw Review

The preservation of air and water quality is at the heart of maintaining a safe environment. It has therefore been the responsibility of the Department of Environmental Quality, through state statute, to "ensure a safe and healthy environment for all residents, maintain healthy ecosystems needed for the development of tourist activities and promote economic development." Standards have been set by the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act for the acceptable level of contamination to both air and water before they are determined unsafe. A proposed lawsuit against the city of Mudville by the DEQ is an example of …

From Junction City To Denmark, Visti Favrholt

The Bridge

Standing on the deck in the cold of the night, I could

distinguish lights some distance away on both sides of the

ship. It was clear we were in a kind of channel. Another

passenger said it was a Norwegian fjord. How he could

tell, I didn't know, because it was pretty dark out there.

But one thing, was very clear. The captain of our ship, for

all his golden buttons and stripes, must have got lost

because he was supposed to find Denmark. Columbus

could have done better. I stood there in the dark and

thought about the matter …