Digital Commons Network^™

Avian Use Of Scoria Rock Outcrops, Mark A. Rumble

Great Basin Naturalist

Avian use of scoria outcrop habitats was compared to use of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.)/grassland habitats. Outcrop habitats exhibited higher species richness, total population density, density of lark sparrows (Chondestres grammacus), and density of rock wrens (Salpinctes obsoletus). Western meadowlarks (Sturnella neglecta) and vesper sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus) were more abundant in sagebrush/grassland habitats than in scoria outcrops. Habitat relationship models indicated that the unique plant community and structural diversity diversity provided by the scoria outcrops were correlated with increased avain use.

Front Matter, Vol. 47 No. 4

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Forest Fuel Smoke On Dwarf Mistletoe Seed Germination, G. Thomas Zimmerman, Richard D. Laven

Great Basin Naturalist

Seeds of three species of dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. Ex Engelm., A. cyanocarpum Coulter & Nelson, and A. vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum (Engelm.) Hawksw. & Wiens, were exposed to smoke from burning forest fuels. Premeasured amounts of coniferous needles and branch wood were burned in a small incinerator with smoke passing through a closed chamber containing the seeds. Following three different smoke treatments and one high-temperature treatment, tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of these treatments on seed germination. Germination was inhibited for all species when the seeds were exposed to smoke for 60 minutes or longer. Seeds of …

Observations On The Ecology And Trophic Status Of Lake Tahoe (Nevada And California, Usa) Based On The Algae From Three Independent Surveys (1965–1985), Sam L. Vanlandingham

Great Basin Naturalist

Numerous physical, chemical, and biological criteria evidently confirm that Lake Tahoe is oligotrophic. However, detailed examination of the ecology and trophic status status of algae (mostly diatoms) from Lake Tahoe taken from three independent, long-term sampling programs aided in interpretation of plankton and periphyton algal communities by spectral analysis (supported by computerized data synthesis) and "ultra-oligotraphic" lakes over the world from which future studies may reveal algal communities that may be described as more mesotrophic and/or eutrophic than oligotrophic. Lake Tahoe probably is not as oligotrophic as is generally believed, and the indicator algae in it are not as accurate …

Records Of Exotic Fishes From Idaho And Wyoming, Walter R. Courtenay Jr., C. Richard Robins, Reeve M. Bailey, James E. Deacon

Great Basin Naturalist

One exotic poeciliid (Xiphophorus helleri) and two cichlids (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum and Tilapia mossambica) are recorded as recently established in thermal springs and their outflows in southern Idaho. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus was collected and is considered as established in the Boise River system. Poecilia mexicana and juvenile hybrid tilapias are recorded from the Bruneau River at Bruneau Hot Springs, Idaho. A reproducing population of X. helleri was found in a spring within the boundaries of Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. Poecilia reticulata, previously reported from one spring each in Idaho and Wyoming, is recorded from a second …

Microvelia Rasilis Drake In Arizona: A Species New To The United States (Heteroptera: Veliidae), John T. Polhemus, Milton W. Sanderson

Great Basin Naturalist

Microvelia rasilis Drake was taken in Montezuma Well, Yavapai Co., Arizona, along with Microvelia hinei Drake and Hydrometra aemula Drake (Heteroptera: Hydrometridae). These are all new to this locality; however, the latter two species are previously known from Arizona.

Genetic Variation And Population Structure In The Cliff Chipmunk, Eutamias Dorsalis, In The Great Basin Of Western Utah, Martin L. Dobson, Clyde L. Pritchett, Jack W. Sites Jr.

Great Basin Naturalist

Allelic variation at 21 of 39 electrophoretically resolved enzyme loci was used to examine patterns of geographic differentiation and population structure in six allopatric samples of Eutamias dorsalis. Coefficients of genetic similarity for paired combinations of E. dorsalis samples ranged from 0.955 to 0.975, except for one population that was 0.900. Conservative genic divergence among five populations is proposed to be the result of relatively recent isolation events. High positive F₁₈ values and chi-square analyses confirm a significant excess of homozygotes at several loci at the five localities for which sample sizes were statistically adequate. This may be …

Thermal Tolerances And Preferences Of Fishes Of The Virgin River System (Utah, Arizona, Nevada), James E. Deacon, Paul B. Schumann, Edward L. Stuenkel

Great Basin Naturalist

Critical thermal maxima (CTM) and thermal preferenda of the common fishes of the Virgin River were examined. Differences in final temperature preferenda and CTM for species with low thermal lability (speckled dace, spinedace, roundtail chub) correspond well with differences in their distribution and abundance in the river. These species shifted their acute thermal preferences relatively little as acclimation temperature increased. For thermally labile species (woundfin, red shiner, desert sucker, and flannelmouth sucker), the final preferendum is a less precise indicator of probably distribution. The woundfin, an endangered fish, has a high CTM (39.5 C at 25 C acclimation) and a …

Maternal Care Of Neonates In The Prairie Skink, Eumeces Septentrionalis, Louis A. Somma

Great Basin Naturalist

Maternal care of neonates has been documented in relatively few species of lizards representing four families. This study documents the occurrence of maternal care of neonates in the prairie skink, Eumeces septentrionalis. Observations made herein indicate that individual variation in maternal behavior existis in this species.

Small-Stone Content Of Mima Mounds Of The Columbia Plateau And Rocky Mountain Regions: Implications For Mound Origin, George W. Cox, Christopher G. Gakahu, Douglas W. Allen

Great Basin Naturalist

Mima moundfields were investigated at the Lawrence Memorial Grassland Preserve, located on the Columbia Plateau in southern Wasco County, Oregon, and at three locations in the San Luis Valley and Sangre de Cristo Mountains, southern Colorado, to test the alternative hypotheses of mound origins by erosion, frost action, and soil translocation by geomyid pocket gophers. The concentrations of two size classes of small stones, gravel (8–15 mm diameter) and pebbles (15–50 mm diameter), were sampled along mound-to-intermound transects and at different depths within the mounds. Numbers and masses of small stones per unit soil volume increased from intermounds to mounds …

End Matter, Vol. 47 No. 4

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Herbivorous And Parasitic Insect Guilds Associated With Great Basin Wildrye (Elymus Cinereus) In Southern Idaho, Berta A. Youtie, Michael Stafford, James B. Johnson

Great Basin Naturalist

Insects inhabiting Great Basin wildrye (Elymus cinereus Scribn. & Merr.) were surveyed at two sites on the Snake River Plain in southern Idaho during 1982 and 1983. Forty-six species of phytophagous insects were observed. In addition, eight parasitoid species were reared from insect hosts in the plant culms and identified. Lifestage, abundance, plant part utilized, and study site were recorded for each insect species collected. Insect guilds at the two sites were compared based on species presence utilizing Sorensen's similarity index. Overall, 26 insect species were common to both sites, yielding a moderate similarity index of 0.62.

The majority …

Mormon Bibliography 1986, Scott H. Duvall

BYU Studies

No abstract provided.

Modern Individuality And The Social Isolation Of Mother And Child, H. E. Brigitte Niestro

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

Agentive Theory As Therapy: An Outcome Study, Daniel K. Judd

Theses and Dissertations

The present study evaluated the efficacy of a four-week seminar which emphasized the principles of Agentive Theory. This theory, which is compatible with theories of a phenomenological/ existential perspective, was first developed by C. T. Warner, an American philosopher. Agentive Theorists/Therapists emphasize that our negative emotions, ie., depression, anger, etc. , are assertions or judgments we make and not merely feelings we are responsible for controlling or expressing. Forty-eight outpatients who sought help with personal/emotional problems from a department of behavioral medicine were assigned to either a treatment or waiting-list control Group. Following a four-week treatment phase, the treatment group …

List Of Idaho Scolytidae (Coleoptera) And Notes On New Records, Malcom M. Furniss, James B. Johnson

Great Basin Naturalist

Reported are 105 species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from Idaho. About one-third of these are rarely collected, of which 22 species are known from a single locality each. Twelve species reported from Idaho for the first time are: Carphoborus carri Swaine, C. sansoni Swaine, Phloeosinus hoferi Blackman, Conophthorus monophyllae Hopkins, Dryocoetes betulae Hopkins, Ips confuses (LeConte), Pityophthorus absonus Blackman, P. aquilus Blackman, P. blandus Blackman, P. deletus LeConte, P. sculptor Blackman, and Xyleborinus saxeseni (Ratzeburg). Significant extensions of the known distributions in Idaho are reported for seven other scolytids; Alniphagus aspericollis (LeConte), Dendroctonus murrayanae Hopkins, Phloeotribus lecontei Schedl, Procryphalus mucronatus …

Soil Nematodes Of Northern Rocky Mountain Ecosystems: Genera And Biomasses, T. Weaver, J. Smolik

Great Basin Naturalist

Soil nematode populations were larger and more diverse in two grasslands than in three forests of the northern Rocky Mountains. As we moved from Festuca idahoensis grassland through progressively higher zones of vegetation dominated by Artemisia tridentata, Populus tremuloides, and Pseudotsuga menziesii, and then to Abies lasiocarpa forests, numbers of nematode genera declined from 31 to 26 to 20 to 21 to 13; numbers of individuals in the top 50 cm of the soil were 6.0, 5.3, 1.7, 1.5, and 1.6 million/m², and biomasses of nematodes in the top 50 cm of the soil were …

End Matter, Vol. 47 No. 3

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Evidence For Variability In Spawning Behavior Of Interior Cutthroat Trout In Response To Environmental Uncertainty, Rodger L. Nelson, William S. Platts, Osborne Casey

Great Basin Naturalist

The fluctuating characteristics (numbers, biomass, condition, and young-adult ratios) of the Lahontan (Humboldt) cutthroat trout population in Chimney Creek, Nevada, are discussed in relationship to the unpredictable and unstable habitat in which the population occurs. One possible means of adapting to environmental capriciousness, staggered spawning, occurred during 1982, and clues as to the cause of this unusual event are sought by examining the runoff hydrographs of a nearby watershed for 1981 through 1984. The management values of the environmental tolerance of these native trout with respect to restoring viable trout fisheries in degraded Great Basin streams are also considered.

Distribution Of Vertebrates Of The Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Stanley H. Anderson, Wayne A. Hubert, Craig Patterson, Alan J. Redder, David Duvall

Great Basin Naturalist

During a survey of the vertebrates in the Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, 46 mammal, 210 bird, 9 reptile, 5 amphibian, and 28 fish species were found. Habitat structure and moisture were two environmental variables associated with species numbers across this 1,820-ha area. Eight distinct habitats were evaluated. In coniferous forests, 27% of the birds and 54% of the mammals were observed. Sagebrush/grasslands and upland shrublands were very arid and had relatively few vertebrates. Five introduced game birds occurred in sagebrush habitat. Riparian and wetland habitats had the largest number of unique vertebrates, 38 and 77 respectively. The establishment of …

Parasites Of The Bowhead Whale, Balaena Mysticetus, Richard A. Heckmann, Lauritz A. Jensen, Robert G. Warnock, Bruce Coleman

Great Basin Naturalist

Blood, tissue, and organ samples from five bowhead whales were examined for ecto- and endoparasites. Two species of protozoans, four genera of diatoms, one species of trematoda, two species of nematoda, and one species of amphipoda "louse" were found. No blood parasites were recovered. The larval anisakid nematode, found in the submucosa of the forestomach of one whale, generated a prominent inflammatory response. Protozoans found in contents of the colon included a flagellate and a sarcodinan. The sarcodinan, which was common in the colon contents of one whale, belongs to the genus Entamoeba and probably represents an undescribed species. Ogomogaster …

Reproduction Of The Prairie Skink, Eumeces Septentrionalis, In Nebraska, Louis A. Somma

Great Basin Naturalist

Clutch sizes of the prairie skink, Eumeces septentrionalis, in Nebraska are positively correlated with female snout-vent lengths (SVLs). Data presented in this study and others indicate Nebraska populations of E. septentrionalis have larger average clutch sizes than other populations within this species' range.

Comparison Of Habitat Attributes At Sites Of Stable And Declining Long-Billed Curlew Populations, Jean F. Cochran, Stanley H. Anderson

Great Basin Naturalist

Long-billed Curlew populations were studied in the upper Green River Basin of Wyoming. Sites were selected where curlew populations appear constant in numbers and declining in numbers. Results show that while few habitat differences were found between the two areas, disturbances such as grazing and dragging during nesting reduced productivity. Nest failures were also correlated with field fertilization and early season grazing. Within each area curlews nested successfully on field sites that were elevated and had adequate grass cover but not tall grass.

Annotated Inventory Of Invertebrate Populations Of An Alpine Lake And Stream Chain In Colorado, John H. Bushnell, Susan Q. Foster, Bruce M. Wahle

Great Basin Naturalist

Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected during the ice-free season (1 July–20 October) over a five-year period from a chain of alpine lakes and intervening streams in the Green Lakes Valley (3,347–3,615 m) in Boulder County, Colorado. A list of taxa was developed for 1981 and 1982, with taxonomic additions for 1983–1985 and comments on community structure, seasonal and elevational changes in species abundance, and noteworthy occurrences. A total of 111 taxa was collected, of which 84% occurred in streams, 58% being exclusively lotic. Dipterans composed 73–81% of total abundance in streams. The littoral benthic zone of lakes was predominantly trichopterans and …

Front Matter, Vol. 47 No. 3

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Niche Pattern In A Great Basin Rodent Fauna, Edward H. Robey Jr., H. Duane Smith, Mark C. Belk

Great Basin Naturalist

Niche pattern of a desert rodent community in shrub habitats of central Utah was examined in the canonical space formed by the first four principal components of trapsite, microhabitat. Positions of species centroids differed significantly (P < .05) in this space and were consistent with the known habits of each; thus, it appears that the principal components measured biologically meaningful facts. Abundance in optimal habitat (a₁) increased with niche breadth (v₁) and decreased with increasing difference of centroids of a species from the overall mean habitat (d₁). V₁ was positively related to d₁. Differences between niche pattern of this community and that of deciduous forest small mammals are discussed.

Aurealcaulis Crossii Gen. Et Sp. Nov., An Arborescent, Osmundaceous Trunk From The Fort Union Formation (Paleocene), Wyoming, William D. Tidwell, Lee R. Parker

Faculty Publications

Aurealcaulis crossii gen. et sp. nov., is based on permineralized trunks of an osmundaceous tree fern from the Paleocene Fort Union Formation from near Bitter Creek Station of southwestern Wyoming. This new species is characterized by centripetal (exarch) development of its xylem strands which form part of the leaf traces. Most of the leaf traces depart the stele as two segments that fuse into a single C-shaped petiole vascular strand outside of the outer cortex. Stipular expansions of the petiole bases of this species lack sclerenchyma, and roots arise from the lateral edges of leaf traces in the inner cortex. …

Seed Germination Characteristics Of Chrysothamnus Nauseosus Ssp. Viridulus (Astereae, Asteraceae), M. A. Khan, N. Sankhla, D. J. Weber, E. D. Mcarthur

Great Basin Naturalist

Rubber rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus nauseosus [Pallas] Britt. ssp. viridulus) may prove to be a source of high-quality cis-isoprene rubber, but its establishment is limited by a lack of information on seed germination. Consequently, seeds were germinated at alternating temperatures (5–15, 5–25, 15–25, and 20–30 C) in light and dark as well as constant temperatures (15–40 C with 5-C increments) to determine temperature response. Seeds were also germinated in solutions of polyethylene glycol 6000 (0 to –5 bar), salinity regimes (1, 17, 51, and 86 mM) at all the above-mentioned temperatures to determine salinity and temperature interaction. The hormones GA …

Development And Longevity Of Ephemeral And Perennial Leaves On Artemisia Tridentata Nutt. Ssp. Wyomingensis, Richard F. Miller, Leila M. Schultz

Great Basin Naturalist

Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) is one of the most successful plants in the Great Basin based on its abundance and wide distribution. The development of dimorphic leaves may be an important mechanism attributing to its adaptive and competitive abilities. Development, persistence, and proportions of ephemeral and perennial leaves on Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis) were studied for two years. The large ephemeral leaves are the first to develop in early spring. As early developing ephemerals mature and stems elongate, new ephemeral and perennial leaves develop in the axes of these large ephemerals. Perennial …

Effects Of Logging On Habitat Quality And Feeding Patterns Of Abert Squirrels, Jordan C. Pederson, R. C. Farentinos, Victoria M. Littlefield

Great Basin Naturalist

In 1973 a timber harvest of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) was conducted in an area southeast of Monticello, Utah, that is inhabited by Abert squirrels (Sciurus aberti). Abert squirrel dietary habits, foraging patterns, and population densities were compared in the timber harvest area and in an adjacent nonharvested area. Squirrel feeding patterns and preferences were visually determined by physical evidence of past feeding. Live-trapping and field-marking of animals were used to determine population density and trends in the two areas. Squirrels fed in only 26.3% of sampled plots on the timber harvest areas, while 42.7% of …