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Front Matter, Vol. 49 No. 4

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Full Issue, Vol. 49 No. 4

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Horizontal And Vertical Diameter Of Burrows Of Five Small Mammal Species In Southeastern Idaho, John W. Laundré

Great Basin Naturalist

Burrow diameters of five small mammal species, Townsend's ground squirrel (Spermophilus townsendii), Wyoming ground squirrel (S. elegans), Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii), montane vole (Microtus montanus), and deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), were examined. Burrow cross sections were noncircular for all species with horizontal diameters 1.2–1.6 times wider than vertical diameters. Montane vole and deer mouse burrows were the smallest diameter, burrows of Wyoming and Townsend's ground squirrels were the largest, and kangaroo rat burrows were intermediate. Soil bulk density and texture significantly affected burrow diameters of montane voles and deer …

Variations In Thamnophis Elegans With Descriptions Of New Subspecies, Wilmer W. Tanner, Charles H. Lowe

Great Basin Naturalist

Two new subspecies are described from the southern part of the distribution of Thamnophis elegans: T.e. arizonae from the Little Colorado River basin of Arizona and New Mexico and T. e. vascotanneri from the Upper Colorado River basin of Utah.

Effect Of Indomethacin-Treated Wheat On A Wild Population Of Montane Voles, Rodney R. Seeley, Timothy D. Reynolds

Great Basin Naturalist

Semiweekly mark and recapture livetrapping was conducted July–October 1985 to determine the effectiveness of wheat treated with inomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, to control the productivity of a wild population of montane voles (Microtus montanus) in southeastern Idaho. Before treatment, control (C) and experimental (E) groups, each on ca 0.3 ha, were statistically equal in population size (x̄ ± SD; C = 50 ± 21, E = 45 ± 14), adult female: male ratio (C = 1:0.8, E = 1:0.7), juvenile:adult ratio (C =0.16:1, E = 0.13:1), number of juveniles per 100 females (x̄ ± SD; C = …

End Matter, Vol. 49 No. 4

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Cattle On Two Isolated Fish Populations In Pahranagat Valley, Nevada, Frances R. Taylor, Leah A. Gillman, John W. Pedretti

Great Basin Naturalist

The presence of cattle at Brownie Spring and Ash Springs in Pahranagat Valley, Nevada, impacted fish populations by causing an increase in ammonia (NH₃) and nitrite (NO₂) levels, an increase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophila, and increased mortality and morbidity. One of the affected fishes, the White River springfish, is listed as endangered by the Department of the Interior. After removal of the cattle from Ash Springs, NH₃ and NO₂ levels decreased and fish populations increased. At Brownie Spring the NH₃ and NO₂ levels are chronically elevated, cattle are still …

Bibliography And Subject Index Of The Prairie Skink, Eumeces Septentrionalis (Baird) (Sauria: Scincindae), Louis A. Somma, Philip A. Cochran

Great Basin Naturalist

The prairie skink, Eumeces septentrionalis, is a small, semifossorial lizard inhabiting the tall-grass prairies and savannas of the central lowland province region of North America. This study provides an extensive bibliography and subject index as a tool for current and future workers studying E. septentrionalis and related species.

Orientation Of Zooplankton To The Oxycline In Big Soda Lake, Nevada, Michael A. Bozek

Great Basin Naturalist

Zooplankton in meromictic Big Soda Lake, Nevada, were sampled in October 1982 to determine species composition and vertical distribution relative to the oxycline. Moina hutchinsoni was most abundant in the epilimnion, but prior to migrating into the anoxic hypolimnion, it aggregated at the oxycline. Brachionus plicatilis was most abundant below the oxycline. Concentrations of Brachionus and Moina near the oxycline corresponded with peaks in bacterial productivity found by previous investigators. However, further investigation should be conducted to verify feeding by zooplankton primarily in the anoxic hypolimnion.

Response Of Nesting Waterfowl To Flooding In Great Salt Lake Wetlands, A. Lee Foote

Great Basin Naturalist

Great Salt Lake wetlands were inundated in 1983, displacing approximately 20,000 nesting waterfowl. Ten protected marshes in the Great Basin were surveyed for changes in numbers of breeding pairs of waterfowl during each of four years preceding Great Salt Lake flooding and four years following flooding. The hypothesized increase in numbers of breeding birds did not occur, indicating that flood-displaced waterfowl did not move into nearby suitable habitat to nest.

Note On Fungi In Small Mammals From The Nothofagus Forest In Argentina, Javier G. Perez Calvo, Zane Maser, Chris Maser

Great Basin Naturalist

Fungal spores from the same taxa of fungi that occur in the Pacific Northwest are reported from digestive tracts of 31 rodents of 5 genera from the Nothofagus forest of southern Argentina. Mycophagy (fungal feeding) by forest rodents has been well documented in North America (Fogel and Trappe 1978, Maser et al. 1978, Mclntire 1984, and others), Europe (Blaschke and Bäumler 1986, Durrieu et al. 1984), and Australia (Malajczuk et al. 1987). The purpose of this note is to report fungi consumed by rodents of the Argentine Andinian Patagonic forest (see Dimitri 1972, McQueen 1977, and Ward 1965 for a …

Note On Mound Architecture Of The Black-Tailed Praire Dog, Richard P. Cincotta

Great Basin Naturalist

The development of black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) burrow mounds was monitored for three years. Entrances were flagged at points where a prairie dog was observed digging into the ground (primary entrances, n = 22) and digging out of the ground (secondary entrances, n = 8). In all samples it was observed that primary entrances became dome mounds and secondary entrances crater mounds. It is suggested that, although induced airflow (presently, a popular model) may partly explain the presence of mounds, architectural types (dome vs. crater mounds) are the result of energy constraints associated with building materials that …

Terrestrial Vertabrates Of Scotts Bluff National Monument, Nebraska, Mike K. Cox, William L. Franklin

Great Basin Naturalist

A survey of terrestrial vertebrates was conducted at the Scotts Bluff National Monument (SBNM), Nebraska, to determine species composition, relative abundance, and distribution by habitat of the existing amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Various sampling methods were used to detect animal species richness and to estimate population densities. The seven major habitat types at SBNM contained 4 species of amphibians, 8 reptiles, 96 birds, and 28 mammals. The only endangered or threatened species observed was a dead Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). The racer (Coluber constrictor) and prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) were the two most …

Demographic Characteristics Of American Marten Populations In Jackson Hole, Wyoming, Tim W. Clark, Thomas M. Campbell Iii, Tedd N. Hauptman

Great Basin Naturalist

Some American marten population characteristics (numbers, density, body weights, sex and age ratios, natality, mortality-survivorship, immigration-emigration, home ranges) were studied at four sites in the southern part of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Teton County, Wyoming, in 1975–1979. Ninety-eight different martens were examined. Males (n = 25) weighed 1,111 g (± 110 SD, range 875–1,235), whereas females (n = 17) averaged 743 g (± 83 SD, range 600–900). Live-trapping showed sex ratios of 1.5M:1.0F, whereas carcasses showed 3.0M:1.0F. Of 27 males that were aged, 12 (44%) were less than 1 year old and 2 were 9–10 years old. Of 10 females, …

An Appetitional Theory Of Sexual Motivation: Its Contemporary Status And Applications In An Approach To Change, Kenneth R. Hardy

Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy

Changes are noted in American society and culture in the last generation since the appetitional theory was first formulated. A current statement of the theory is reviewed, together with the concepts of motivation upon which it is based. A model of change is introduced, based upon central Christian concepts, especially as they are propounded by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The change model and the appetitional theory are then applied to the area of human sexuality in an attempt to provide a framework for a program of positive change.
Address to AMCAP Convention March 31, 1989.

Special Reports, Mihoko Miki, Yasuko Makino, Soowon Kim, Eugene Calvalho, Kevin Lin, Mitsuko Ichinose, Abraham J. Yu, Eizaburo Okuizumi

Journal of East Asian Libraries

No abstract provided.

William H. Mcneill. The Pursuit Of Power: Technology, Armed Forces And Society Since A.D. 1000, William Eckhardt

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

Author's Response: One Versus Many, Clyde A. Parker

Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy

No abstract provided.

George Modelski, Ed. Exploring Long Cycles, John K. Hord

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

Habitat Use By Breeding Male Sage Grouse: A Management Approach, Kevin L. Ellis, Jimmie R. Parrish, Joseph R. Murphy, Gary H. Richins

Great Basin Naturalist

Radio telemetry was used to study habitat use of breeding male sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) at a lek in northeastern Utah during 1983 and 1984. Objectives were to determine if grouse day-use areas differed significantly in sagebrush characteristics from adjacent nonuse areas and to establish a simplified method for use by land managers in identifying grouse use areas. We determined that male grouse used areas of greatest sagebrush height and cover. Our methods provide a means for land managers to identify habitat associated with a lek that is suitable for male sage grouse day use in the event …

Physiographic Characteristics Of Peregrine Falcon Nesting Habitat Along The Colorado River System In Utah, Brandon L. Grebence, Clayton M. White

Great Basin Naturalist

Portions of the Colorado, Dolores, Green, and San Rafael rivers in Utah were surveyed for the breeding Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus anatum) from 1986 to 1988. Eleven physical variables were measured at nest cliffs (N = 22) and nonnest cliffs (N = 22) to discern descriptors of cliff choice and subsequent occupancy by breeding peregrines in unexplored habitat within the Colorado River and its tributaries. Ratio scale measurements were subjected to discriminant function analysis or the Mann-Whitney test to determine significant differences between cliff types. At nest cliffs, Rayleigh's and Kuiper's tests were applied to compass directions to …

A New Perennial Species Of Gilia (Polemoniaceae) From Utah, Frank J. Smith, Elizabeth C. Neese

Great Basin Naturalist

Gilia tenuis Smith & Neese is a previously undescribed species from Emery and Sevier counties, Utah, apparently closely related to G. caespitosa Gray and G. subnuda Torr. ex Gray. It is distinguished from these species by its possession of a combination of characters including perennial, multicipital habit, lobed basal leaves, and small, pale blue flowers.

End Matter, Vol. 49 No. 3

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Soil-Site Relationships Of White Locoweed On The Raft River Mountains, Michael H. Ralphs, Brock Benson, J. Cameron Loerch

Great Basin Naturalist

White locoweed (Oxytropis sericea Nutt.) is restricted to the top and windswept ridges of the Raft River Mountains. Elevation and soil characteristics have the greatest effect on its occurrence. It is most abundant on the subalpine windswept ridge ecological site (9.2 plants/m²) above 2,380 m. White locoweed apparently can tolerate the extreme environmental stresses of the shallow, rocky, windswept ridges where it is one of the dominant species. White locoweed also occurs in the deep, subalpine loam site (3.8 plants/m²) above 2,865 m, but it is a minor component of this plant community. It is …

High-Elevation Records For Neotoma Cinerea In The White Mountains, California, Donald K. Grayson, Stephanie D. Livingston

Great Basin Naturalist

New records for bushy-tailed wood rat (Neotoma cinerea) on the White Mountains of eastern California increase the elevation from which this animal is known on the White Mountains, outside of human habitation, from 3,120 to 3,648 m. These records, coupled with archaeological data, suggest that the isolated bouldery outcrops occupied by bushy-tailed wood rats above timberline here are true habitat islands, occasionally colonized by dispersing individuals and characterized by frequent local extinction.

Front Matter, Vol. 49 No. 3

Great Basin Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Marmot Scats Supplement Hay Pile Vegetation As Food Energy For Pikas, James A. Gessaman, Andrew G. Goliszek

Great Basin Naturalist

During summer pikas do not store fat for the winter months; hay piles are the main energy source in winter. All the hay piles collected in an area where pikas (Ochotona princeps) coexisted with marmots (Marmota flaviventris) contained marmot scats. Marmot scats had a higher energy density than the most abundant type of vegetation in hay piles.

In feeding trials pikas on a diet of hay pile vegetation plus marmot scats consumed significantly less food per day than they did on a diet of hay pile vegetation alone. These findings suggest that pikas coexisting with marmots …

Influence Of Experimental Habitat Manipulations On A Desert Rodent Population In Southern Utah, Jiping Zou, Jerran T. Flinders, Hal L. Black, Steven G. Whisenant

Great Basin Naturalist

This paper addresses how habitat manipulations in a black sagebrush (Artemisia nova)–dominated area, John's Valley of southern Utah, affected resident desert rodent populations. Rodents studied included the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), Great Basin pocket mouse (Perognathus parvus), sagebrush vole (Lagurus curtatus), Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii), and least chipmunk (Eutamias minimus). The experimental design involved analyses of treatment and control (nontreatment) plots rather than pre- and posttreatment of all plots. Habitat manipulations emphasized cutting of shrubs (rotobeating), treatment of plants with a herbicide (2,4-D), and reseeding with a …

Mass Mortality Of Salamanders (Ambystoma Tigrinum) By Bacteria (Acinetobacter) In An Oligotrophic Seepage Mountain Lake, Kathleen Muriel Worthylake, Peter Hovingh

Great Basin Naturalist

Of the 13 lakes in the central Wasatch Mountains with tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) populations, salamander mass mortalities occurred in four seepage lakes that experienced extensive lowering of the water levels during the summer. The largest of these lakes, the oligotrophic Desolation Lake, was studied to determine the cause of the mortality phenomenon. The recurrent annual mass mortality involved both breeding adults and young-of-the-year. Rate kinetics suggest that mortality rate doubles with a fivefold increase in the number of aquatic young salamanders. The proximate cause of the mass mortality was identified as a bacterium, Acinetobacter sp. Desolation Lake …

List Of Montana Scolytidae (Coleoptera) And Notes On New Records, Sandra J. Gast, Malcolm M. Furniss, James B. Johnson, Michael A. Ivie

Great Basin Naturalist

Listed are 96 species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from Montana. Eighteen species reported from Montana for the first time are: Scierus pubescens Swaine, Hylastinus obscurus (Marsham), Hylesinus aculeatus Say, Hylesinus californicus (Swaine), Hylesinus criddlei (Swaine), Pseudohylesinus granulatus (LeConte), Dendroctunus punctatus LeConte, Phloeosinus hoferi Blackman, Phloeosinus pini Swaine, Carphoborus pinicolens Wood, Scolytus subscaber LeConte, Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff), Trypodendron betulae Swaine, Trypodendron retusum (LeConte), Trypophloeus populi Hopkins, Procryphalus mucronatus, (LeConte), Pityophthorus alpinensis G. Hopping, and Gnathotrichus denticulatus Blackman.