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Analysis Of Sugar Beet Pulp By X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Guilin Jiang, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Larry Lin Baxter, Matthew R. Linford Dec 2005

Analysis Of Sugar Beet Pulp By X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Guilin Jiang, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Larry Lin Baxter, Matthew R. Linford

Faculty Publications

Determining the chemical structure and composition of biomass fuels using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS can provide fundamental knowledge of their structures that is useful in understanding and predicting their combustion behavior. Sugar beet pulp is an example of an agricultural residue byproduct of food and feed production of potential interest for biomass combustion. The XPS spectra of sugar beet pulp provide both its elemental composition and indications of its bonding. Traditional fuel analyses of this fuel are also provided. These include: ultimate analysis — the elemental composition of the overall fuel C, H, N, S, and O; chlorine analysis — …

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Analysis Of Sawdust By X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Guilin Jiang, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Larry Lin Baxter, Matthew R. Linford Dec 2005

Analysis Of Sawdust By X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Guilin Jiang, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Larry Lin Baxter, Matthew R. Linford

Faculty Publications

Determining the chemical structure and composition of biomass fuels using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS can provide fundamental knowledge of their structures that is useful in understanding and predicting their combustion behavior. Sawdust is an example of a forest product residue byproduct of paper and lumber production of potential interest for biomass combustion. The XPS spectra of sawdust provide both its elemental composition and indications of its bonding. Traditional fuel analyses of this fuel are also provided. These include: ultimate analysis — the elemental composition of the overall fuel C, H, N, S, and O; chlorine analysis — reported here as …

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Analysis Of Straw By X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Guilin Jiang, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Larry Lin Baxter, Matthew R. Linford Dec 2005

Analysis Of Straw By X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Guilin Jiang, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Larry Lin Baxter, Matthew R. Linford

Faculty Publications

Determining the chemical structure and composition of biomass fuels using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS can provide fundamental knowledge of their structures that is useful in understanding and predicting their combustion behavior. Straw is an example of an agricultural residue byproduct of food and feed production of potential interest for biomass combustion. The XPS spectra of straw provide both its elemental composition and indications of its bonding. Traditional fuel analyses of this fuel are also provided. These include: ultimate analysis — the elemental composition of the overall fuel C, H, N, S, and O; chlorine analysis — reported here as part …

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Nurturing Joint Forest Management Through Microfinance: A Case From India, K. K. Kaushal, J. C. Kala Dec 2005

Nurturing Joint Forest Management Through Microfinance: A Case From India, K. K. Kaushal, J. C. Kala

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

India has embarked upon a community involvement process to restock the state-owned forests through a recent approach called Joint Forest Management. But the success of the Joint Forest Management program lies in the provision of alternative livelihoods to woodcutters and grazers. This article presents how the forest department of a southern state of India devised a potent tool of microfinance promotion for weaning those who are dependent on the forest by implementing a massive externally aided Joint Forest Management Project. Based on a study of 27 program villages in the Tamilnadu state, this paper proves that the success of Joint …

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Vol. 07 No. 2 Journal Of Microfinance, Journal Of Microfinance Dec 2005

Vol. 07 No. 2 Journal Of Microfinance, Journal Of Microfinance

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

No abstract provided.

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Preliminary Design Approach For Prosthetic Ankle Joints Using Compliant Mechanisms, Jason Matthew Wiersdorf Dec 2005

Preliminary Design Approach For Prosthetic Ankle Joints Using Compliant Mechanisms, Jason Matthew Wiersdorf

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this thesis is to develop design approaches and models for prosthetic ankle joints using kinematic models of the human ankle and compliant mechanisms technology. Compliant mechanisms offer several potential design advantages over traditional rigid-body designs including high reliability and low cost. These design advantages are ideal for use in prosthetics. Some prosthetic ankle/foot systems currently on the market have multiple degrees of freedom yet are expensive. Additionally, even though these systems have multiple degrees of freedom, none of them are designed after the actual movements of the biological ankle. In this thesis a two, single degree-of-freedom hinge …

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Archeological Trends And Book Of Mormon Origins, John E. Clark Dec 2005

Archeological Trends And Book Of Mormon Origins, John E. Clark

BYU Studies

Had circumstances permitted a marked grave for the slain prophet, a fitting headstone could have read, “By Joseph Smith, Junior, Author and Proprietor.” Such an epitaph, taken from the title page of the Book of Mormon, captures the enduring bond between the man and the book, and also the controversy which coalesced around both with the book’s publication and the organization of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1830. In the ensuing and continuing “war of words” (Joseph Smith–History 1:10) and prejudice, redemption may hang on the single preposition “by.” What hand did Joseph have in producing …

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White Beauty: The Portrayal Of Minorities In Teen Beauty Magazines, Micaela Choo Banks Nov 2005

White Beauty: The Portrayal Of Minorities In Teen Beauty Magazines, Micaela Choo Banks

Theses and Dissertations

This content analysis examines the representations of minorities in the two most popular teen beauty magazines: Seventeen and YM. Nine issues for 2003 constituted the sample frame yielding a total of 620 advertisements containing human models. After setting up a theoretical framework of the new racism and White beauty, this study investigates the portrayals of minority models. Overall, when compared with earlier studies the number of minority models used in mainstream magazine advertising rose and the portrayals of minority models in prominent roles increased. Yet, the subtle nature of the new racism was reinforced in the following findings: Prominent …

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Assessment Of Chenopodium Quinoa Willd. Genetic Diversity In The Usda And Cip-Fao Collections Using Ssr?S And Snp?S, Shawn A. Christensen Nov 2005

Assessment Of Chenopodium Quinoa Willd. Genetic Diversity In The Usda And Cip-Fao Collections Using Ssr?S And Snp?S, Shawn A. Christensen

Theses and Dissertations

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a staple grain for the indigenous people of the Andean region of South America with excellent nutritional qualities, including protein content. The objective of this study is to report on the development of fluorescence-tagged simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to (1) genetically characterize the inherent diversity of 152 accessions of C. quinoa; (2) determine to what degree the CIP-FAO collection represents the range of genetic diversity in quinoa; and (3) test four hypotheses regarding quinoa?s center of diversity, Highland and Lowland clustering patterns, origin of Lowland varieties, and the …

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Applications Of Phylogenetics To Issues In Freshwater Crayfish Biology, Keith A. Crandall Nov 2005

Applications Of Phylogenetics To Issues In Freshwater Crayfish Biology, Keith A. Crandall

Faculty Publications

Freshwater crayfish have served as model organisms for over 125 years in scientific research, from areas such as neurobiology and vision research to conservation biology and evolution. Recently, evolutionary histories in the form of phylogenies have served as a critical foundation for testing hypotheses in such diverse research areas as well. In this article, I review the amazing diversity of freshwater crayfish, especially in a phylogenetic context and explore how these evolutionary histories have informed crayfish biology and can be used powerfully in the future to guide research in a diversity of areas. Throughout the article, I draw on examples …

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Gender Issues In Islamic Schools: A Case Study Of Two Schools In The United States, Hilda Yacoub Sabbah Nov 2005

Gender Issues In Islamic Schools: A Case Study Of Two Schools In The United States, Hilda Yacoub Sabbah

Theses and Dissertations

This study sought to explore and explain how boys, girls, teachers, and principals "do gender" in Islamic schools in the United States. The goal is to seek plausible explanations of how boys and girls interact formally and informally during the day, how they create differences, and how they interact with teachers and principals. This descriptive study utilized a case study design. The education of girls is very important for their individual growth and development, as well as for the welfare of both the Islamic and American societies and nations. Therefore, scholars and educators should work together to solve problems interfering …

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The Role Of Phosducin-Like Protein And The Cytosolic Chaperonin Cct In G Beta Gamma Dimer Assembly, Ting Hu Nov 2005

The Role Of Phosducin-Like Protein And The Cytosolic Chaperonin Cct In G Beta Gamma Dimer Assembly, Ting Hu

Theses and Dissertations

Phosducin-like protein (PhLP), a G protein beta gamma subunit dimer binder and G protein signaling regulator, was suggested to regulate the activity of cytosolic chaperonin CCT by their high affinity interaction. In the present study, the three-dimensional structure of PhLP:CCT complex has been solved by cryoelectron microscopy. PhLP was found to bind only one of the chaperonin rings with both N- and C-terminal domains. It spans the central folding cavity of CCT and interacts with two opposite sides of the top apical region, inducing the constraining of the entry of the folding cavity. These findings support a putative role of …

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Highly Efficient Fluorescence Detection In Picoliter Volume Liquid-Core Waveguides, Aaron R. Hawkins, John P. Barber, Dongliang Yin Nov 2005

Highly Efficient Fluorescence Detection In Picoliter Volume Liquid-Core Waveguides, Aaron R. Hawkins, John P. Barber, Dongliang Yin

Faculty Publications

We report loss improvement and fluorescence detection in integrated antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides with liquid cores. The minimum waveguide loss is reduced to 0.33/cm by compensating for thickness variations in the fabrication process. We demonstrate fluorescence detection from as few as 490 molecules in a 57 pl core using these optimized waveguides. We measure angular fluorescence collection factors as high as 15% per facet in good agreement with theory. This demonstrates the potential of integrated hollow-core waveguides as optical sensors for single-molecule spectroscopy.

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Development And Validation Of The Theistic Spiritual Outcome Survey, P. Scott Richards, Timothy B. Smith, Marion Schowalter, Michael E. Berrett, Randy K. Hardman Nov 2005

Development And Validation Of The Theistic Spiritual Outcome Survey, P. Scott Richards, Timothy B. Smith, Marion Schowalter, Michael E. Berrett, Randy K. Hardman

Faculty Publications

We developed the Spiritual Outcome Scale (SOS) to measure the spiritual outcomes of psychotherapy from a theistic spiritual perspective. A 17-item version of the SOS was found to have adequate reliability and validity in a sample of college students. Three factors emerged from the analyses that corresponded to subscales labeled Love of God, Love of Others, and Love of Self. Correlations with measures of psychological outcomes were statistically significant. In subsequent analyses, the SOS was administered over an 8-week period to a sample of inpatient women with eating disorders and to two samples from inpatient psychological clinics in Germany. The …

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Palladium-Imidazolium Carbene Catalyzed Heck Coupling Reactions And Synthesis Of A Novel Class Of Fluoroanthracenylmethyl Ptc Catalysts, Jiuqing Zhang Nov 2005

Palladium-Imidazolium Carbene Catalyzed Heck Coupling Reactions And Synthesis Of A Novel Class Of Fluoroanthracenylmethyl Ptc Catalysts, Jiuqing Zhang

Theses and Dissertations

Palladium catalyzed Heck coupling with aryl and alkenyl halides has become a powerful means of carbon-carbon bond formation. This standard synthetic method has been developed to a high level of utility using various catalysts, conditions and substrates. Yet significant drawbacks remain, including poor reactivity, the need for high temperatures and base, limited substrate generality, and selectivity. Mixed products often suffer from olefin migration following insertion. N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) have proven to be electron-rich donors which provide higher stability and reactivity than phosphines. In a previous paper reported by our research group the imidazolium-palladium carbene has proven to be highly efficient …

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Behavioral Activities And Breeding Success Of Willow Flycatchers In The Sierra Nevada, Denise E. Soroka, Michael L. Morrison Nov 2005

Behavioral Activities And Breeding Success Of Willow Flycatchers In The Sierra Nevada, Denise E. Soroka, Michael L. Morrison

Western North American Naturalist

Observing survival and how individuals allocate time can provide insight into a species' ability to tolerate environmental constraints. We studied the Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax trallii) in the Sierra Nevada to determine if there were behavioral differences between pairs that successfully produced offspring and those that did not. This information will advance understanding of why these birds are declining in the Sierra Nevada and contribute to recommendations that may help to conserve them. We studied birds in 13 meadows in 2000 and 2001 using continuous focal-animal observations. Of the 43 territories we observed, 11 were occupied by males who …

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Cedar Hollow, An Early Holocene Faunal Site From Whidbey Island, Washington, George E. Mustoe, C. Richard Harington, Richard E. Morlan Nov 2005

Cedar Hollow, An Early Holocene Faunal Site From Whidbey Island, Washington, George E. Mustoe, C. Richard Harington, Richard E. Morlan

Western North American Naturalist

Coastal erosion at central Whidbey Island reveals a cross-section view of dune sands that contain the only known record of animals that inhabited the Pacific Northwest coast during the early Holocene. Mammal fossils include bones and teeth of deer, wolf, brown bear, and several species of rodents. A deer vertebra from basal beds yielded a 14C age of 8840 ± 50 yr BP. The faunal diversity suggests that the region was repopulated relatively quickly following the final retreat of the Cordilleran sheet. This paleofauna was quite different from that of the late Pleistocene, when the region was inhabited by …

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Distributional Changes And Population Status Of Amphibians In The Eastern Mojave Desert, David F. Bradford, Jef R. Jaeger, Seth A. Shanahan Nov 2005

Distributional Changes And Population Status Of Amphibians In The Eastern Mojave Desert, David F. Bradford, Jef R. Jaeger, Seth A. Shanahan

Western North American Naturalist

Several amphibian species historically inhabited sparsely distributed wetlands in the Mojave Desert of western North America, habitats that have been dramatically altered or eliminated as a result of human activities. The population status and distributional changes of amphibians were investigated over a 20,000-km2 area in the eastern Mojave Desert in 2 ways. For upland sites (i.e., sites outside of major valleys and river floodplains), where wetland habitat is almost exclusively springs, encounter surveys were conducted at 128 sites in 1997–1999, and results were compared to historical (pre-1970) locality records. For lowland sites (i.e., sites within major valleys and river …

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Relationship Of Diurnal Habitat Use Of Native Stream Fishes Of The Eastern Great Basin To Presence Of Introduced Salmonids, Darren G. Olsen, Mark C. Belk Nov 2005

Relationship Of Diurnal Habitat Use Of Native Stream Fishes Of The Eastern Great Basin To Presence Of Introduced Salmonids, Darren G. Olsen, Mark C. Belk

Western North American Naturalist

Introduced brown trout, Salmo trutta, are common to many streams of western North America. However, the ecological interactions between brown trout and native stream fishes are not well understood, particularly the nature and extent of antipredator responses of native species. We examined the effects of brown trout presence on diurnal habitat use by 2 small native fishes at a mesohabitat scale (e.g., pool, riffle, run, backwater, etc.). Adult and juvenile southern leatherside chub (Lepidomeda aliciae, formerly Gila copei) and juvenile mountain sucker (Catostomus platyrhynchus) were located in main channel pools in the absence of …

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Soil Impacts Of Bristlecone Pine (Pinus Longaeva) Tree Islands On Alpine Tundra, Charleston Peak, Nevada, Laura Weiss, Aaron B. Shiels, Lawrence R. Walker Nov 2005

Soil Impacts Of Bristlecone Pine (Pinus Longaeva) Tree Islands On Alpine Tundra, Charleston Peak, Nevada, Laura Weiss, Aaron B. Shiels, Lawrence R. Walker

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Natural History Of A Retreat-Building Midge, Pagastia Partica, In A Regulated Reach Of The Upper Colorado River, Jeremy B. Monroe, N. Leroy Poff, Richard A. Thorp Nov 2005

Natural History Of A Retreat-Building Midge, Pagastia Partica, In A Regulated Reach Of The Upper Colorado River, Jeremy B. Monroe, N. Leroy Poff, Richard A. Thorp

Western North American Naturalist

The retreat-building midge Pagastia prob. partica (Roback) is an abundant and conspicuous member of the benthic community of the upper Colorado River. We investigated the ecology and behavior of P. partica in this regulated stream using both qualitative observations and quantitative surveys. Our studies revealed that P. partica foraged primarily by grazing algae from their retreats and adjacent surfaces and exhibited territorial behavior toward other P. partica larvae. Pagastia partica were widely distributed among streambed surfaces but preferred those with higher biomasses of periphyton and swifter currents. The retreats of P. partica were composed largely of silk and colonized algae …

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Morphology And Taxonomy Of Klamath Basin Suckers (Catostomidae), Douglas F. Markle, Martin R. Cavalluzzi, David C. Simon Nov 2005

Morphology And Taxonomy Of Klamath Basin Suckers (Catostomidae), Douglas F. Markle, Martin R. Cavalluzzi, David C. Simon

Western North American Naturalist

We examined morphology of 4 sucker species (Catostomidae) from Klamath and Rogue River basins, Oregon and California. Different pairs of these species have been suspected of hybridizing, and field biologists have experienced difficulty identifying individuals in some areas. The suite of morphological characters used for initial identification was poorly supported by other morphometric characters but well supported by meristic characters, especially when analyses were restricted geographically. In some species sexual dimorphism was evident, with males having longer pectoral fins and females having longer pre-anal counts and measurements. Each species showed geographic differentiation, either between the Lost River subbasin and other …

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Weed Control And Soil Amendment Effects On Restoration Plantings In An Oregon Grassland, Russell T. Huddleston, Truman P. Young Nov 2005

Weed Control And Soil Amendment Effects On Restoration Plantings In An Oregon Grassland, Russell T. Huddleston, Truman P. Young

Western North American Naturalist

The restoration of perennial grasslands in western North America often depends on effective weed control. We took advantage of a grassland restoration site on the Nature Conservancy's Agate Desert Preserve in southern Oregon (TNC 1997), where 3 sites had been previously burned, mowed, or both. At these sites we carried out a series of controlled, replicated experiments designed to test the effectiveness of 3 weed control measures: (1) sawdust, (2) glyphosate herbicide, and (3) herbicide plus an alfalfa mulch. All plots were seeded with a mix of 3 native perennial grasses. The soils of the 3 areas differing in previous …

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Index [And Table Of Contents To] Volume 65 Nov 2005

Index [And Table Of Contents To] Volume 65

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Great Basin Summer Range Forage Quality: Do Plants Nutrients Meet Elk Requirements?, Jeffrey L. Beck, James M. Peek Nov 2005

Great Basin Summer Range Forage Quality: Do Plants Nutrients Meet Elk Requirements?, Jeffrey L. Beck, James M. Peek

Western North American Naturalist

Understanding the relative ability of forages to meet the needs of prime-age females, the productive component of elk (Cervus elaphus) populations, is necessary to decipher reasons for declines and potential for population growth. Information on forage nutrient dynamics for elk on Great Basin summer–fall ranges is lacking. Our primary objectives were to estimate nutrient levels in common elk forage species in northeastern Nevada at 3 time periods and evaluate whether nutrient levels met good requirements for lactating cow elk at time periods across summers. We compared crude protein, digestible energy, and macromineral levels in 2 forbs, 6 grasses, …

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Systematic Relationships Of Pityopus Californicus Inferred From Large Ribosomal Subunit (26s) Rrna Gene Sequences, Ray Neyland Nov 2005

Systematic Relationships Of Pityopus Californicus Inferred From Large Ribosomal Subunit (26s) Rrna Gene Sequences, Ray Neyland

Western North American Naturalist

Pityopus californicus is a rare mycoheterotrophic herb that occurs in coniferous and mixed forests of western North America. Previous authors have speculated that Pityopus californicus is not a true species but is a recurring hybrid. The reputed parental candidates of P. californicus include the closely related Pleuricospora fimbriolata, Hemitomes congestum, and Monotropa hypopithys. However, a phylogenetic analysis of large ribosomal subunit (26S) rRNA gene sequences suggests that Pityopus californicus is sister to Monotropa hypopithys and not a recurring hybrid.

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Habitat Use Patterns Within The Home Range Of Pygmy Rabbits (Brachylagus Idahoensis) In Southeastern Idaho, Laura T. Heady, John W. Laundré Nov 2005

Habitat Use Patterns Within The Home Range Of Pygmy Rabbits (Brachylagus Idahoensis) In Southeastern Idaho, Laura T. Heady, John W. Laundré

Western North American Naturalist

Pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) are a small sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) obligate lagomorph found within the Great Basin of northwestern United States. Because of its reliance on sagebrush, this species is thought to be experiencing a major range reduction as a result of loss of sagebrush habitat. To aid in conservation of this species, we need to better understand its use of the sagebrush environment. We estimated summer home range use patterns by relocating 5 radio-collared pygmy rabbits (3 females and 2 males) over a 24-hour cycle. We then compared soil texture, shrub density, height, and canopy …

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Modeling Distributions Of Test Scores With Mixtures Of Beta Distributions, Jingyu Feng Nov 2005

Modeling Distributions Of Test Scores With Mixtures Of Beta Distributions, Jingyu Feng

Theses and Dissertations

Test score distributions are used to make important instructional decisions about students. The test scores usually do not follow a normal distribution. In some cases, the scores appear to follow a bimodal distribution that can be modeled with a mixture of beta distributions. This bimodality may be due different levels of students' ability. The purpose of this study was to develop and apply statistical techniques for fitting beta mixtures and detecting bimodality in test score distributions. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods were used to estimate the five parameters of the beta mixture distribution for scores in four quizzes in a …

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The Frequency And Severity Of Problem Behaviors Among Individuals With Autism, Traumatic Brain Injury, And Mental Retardation From The Utah Dspd Dataset, Melanie Kay Arp Nov 2005

The Frequency And Severity Of Problem Behaviors Among Individuals With Autism, Traumatic Brain Injury, And Mental Retardation From The Utah Dspd Dataset, Melanie Kay Arp

Theses and Dissertations

The study reports on analyses of data collected from the Inventory for Client and Agency Planning (ICAP) for 5,859 children with Autism (n = 511), Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI, n = 522), or Mental Retardation (MR, n = 4826) whose legal guardians applied for support services through the Utah Department of Services for People with Disabilities (DSPD). Results indicate that the least to most frequent problem behaviors were (a) destructive to property, (b) hurtful to self, (c) hurtful to others, (d) socially offensive, (e) unusual habits, (f) withdrawal, (g) uncooperative, and (h) disruptive behaviors. The degree of severity varied from …

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Facilitating Communication About Death Between Mothers And Adolescent Sons Using Fictional Children's Literature, Deon G. Leavy Nov 2005

Facilitating Communication About Death Between Mothers And Adolescent Sons Using Fictional Children's Literature, Deon G. Leavy

Theses and Dissertations

Most children will experience the death of a loved one in their lifetime and will need to develop healthy grieving patterns. Communication between parents and children is a key ingredient in facilitating this development. Current opinions about bibliotherapy, using a book to assist in healing, suggest that books provide understanding about grief and death and open channels of communication. Although the use of bibliotherapy is gaining popularity, little research exists about its efficacy. Utilizing the book The Bridge to Terabithia, this study evaluated the facilitation of communication about death between 19 dyads of mother and adolescent sons. Their answers and …

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