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Family Implicit Rules, Child Self Regulation, And Observed Child Emotional Responsiveness To Parents, Mark J. Mauzy Mar 2012

Family Implicit Rules, Child Self Regulation, And Observed Child Emotional Responsiveness To Parents, Mark J. Mauzy

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine how implicit family process rules are related to observed child emotional responsiveness with child self regulation as a possible mediating variable. Data from Wave 1 of the Flourishing Families project was used and included 337 two parent families and a target child between the ages of 10 and 13. Mother and father perception of family implicit rules were used to measure family implicit rules; child and mother report of the child's self regulation were used to measure self regulation, and child's emotional responsiveness to mother and father were taken from coding data. …

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Follicular Dendritic Cells, Human Immunodeficency Virus Type 1, And Alpha 1 Antitrypsin, Xueyuan Zhou Mar 2012

Follicular Dendritic Cells, Human Immunodeficency Virus Type 1, And Alpha 1 Antitrypsin, Xueyuan Zhou

Theses and Dissertations

HIV/AIDS is raging and causing millions of deaths around the world. The major challenge in treating HIV/AIDS is the establishment of HIV reservoirs where the viruse escapes both drug and immune system attempts at eradication. Throughout the course of HIV/AIDS, productive HIV infection occurs primarily in the lymphoid follicles or germinal centers (GC) surrounding follicular dendritic cells (FDC). In the GCs, FDCs trap and maintain infectious HIV for years and provide these infectious viruses to the host cells. FDCs also attract B and T cells into the GCs and increase the ability of CD4+ T cells to be infected. Additionally, …

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Plant-Soil Feedbacks And Subalpine Fir Facilitation In Aspen-Conifer Forests, Joshua R. Buck Mar 2012

Plant-Soil Feedbacks And Subalpine Fir Facilitation In Aspen-Conifer Forests, Joshua R. Buck

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis includes two studies. The first study examined changes in soil characteristics as a result of prolonged conifer dominance in successional aspen-conifer forests. Changing disturbance patterns in aspen-conifer forests appear to be altering successional dynamics that favors conifer expansion in aspen forests. The primary objective of this paper was to identify how increasing conifer dominance that develops in later successional stages alters forest soil characteristics. Soil measurements were collected along a stand composition gradient: aspen dominated, aspen-conifer mix, conifer dominated and open meadow, which includes the range of conditions that exists through the stages of secondary succession in aspen-conifer …

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An Object-Based Image Analysis Of Treated And Untreated Pinyon And Juniper Woodlands Across The Great Basin, April Hulet Mar 2012

An Object-Based Image Analysis Of Treated And Untreated Pinyon And Juniper Woodlands Across The Great Basin, April Hulet

Theses and Dissertations

Land managers need to rapidly assess vegetation composition and bare ground to effectively evaluate, manage, and restore shrub steppe communities that have been encroached by pinyon and juniper (P-J) trees. A major part of this process is assessing where to apply mechanical and prescribed fire treatments to reduce fuel loads and maintain or restore sagebrush steppe rangelands. Geospatial technologies, particularly remote sensing, offers an efficient option to assess rangelands across multiple spatial scales while reducing the need for ground-based sampling measurements. High-spatial resolution color-infrared imagery (0.06-m pixels) was acquired for sagebrush steppe communities invaded by P-J trees at five sites …

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Cheatgrass (Bromus Tectorum), Native Grasses, And Small Mammals In The Great Basin: A Test Of The Apparent Competition Hypothesis Facilitated By A Novel Method Of Decanting Seeds From A Flotation Solution, Jacob Elias Lucero Mar 2012

Cheatgrass (Bromus Tectorum), Native Grasses, And Small Mammals In The Great Basin: A Test Of The Apparent Competition Hypothesis Facilitated By A Novel Method Of Decanting Seeds From A Flotation Solution, Jacob Elias Lucero

Theses and Dissertations

The effect of shared enemies between invasive and native species has been argued to facilitate biological invasions (i.e., the apparent competition hypothesis or ACH). This study investigated a previously untested possibility: whether granivorous small mammals facilitate cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion by driving food-mediated apparent competition between cheatgrass and native grasses. Specifically, we tested three predictions that must be true if such apparent competition occurs. First, cheatgrass invasion augments total seeds available to granivorous small mammals. Second, density of granivorous small mammals increases in response to increased seed availability (simulated with experimental additions of cheatgrass seeds). Third, granivorous small …

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Optical And Mass Spectrometric Studies Of A Helium Dielectric-Barrier Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet Used As An Ambient Desorption Ionization Source, Matthew Spencer Heywood Mar 2012

Optical And Mass Spectrometric Studies Of A Helium Dielectric-Barrier Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet Used As An Ambient Desorption Ionization Source, Matthew Spencer Heywood

Theses and Dissertations

Recently there has been a surge in the field of mass spectrometry centered around the concept of rapid analysis of target analytes with minimal or no sample preparation. The target analyte undergoes desorption from its surface of origin and is subsequently ionized under ambient conditions. The technique is termed ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (ADI-MS). Since the introduction of ADI-MS in 2004, there has been an explosion of research based around the development of novel ambient desorption/ionization (ADI) sources with the capability of desorbing and ionizing a variety of target analytes from various sampling surfaces. One type of ADI source uses …

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Low-Photoluminescence Hollow Waveguide Platforms For High-Sensitivity Integrated Optical Sensors, Yue Zhao Mar 2012

Low-Photoluminescence Hollow Waveguide Platforms For High-Sensitivity Integrated Optical Sensors, Yue Zhao

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation presents research on the fabrication of optofluidic sensor platforms, which consist of integrated hollow waveguides and solid waveguides. Antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs) filled with liquids or gases, can be used for high-sensitivity sensing in applications of biotechnology, chemical synthesis, and analytical chemistry. The fabrication method developed for integrated ARROW sensing platforms utilizes standard microfabrication processes and materials. Dielectric cladding layers are deposited on a silicon wafer using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) or sputtering. A sacrificial material is then patterned over the bottom cladding layers by photolithography. Additional dielectric layers are deposited around the core, forming the …

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Feature Construction Using Evolution-Constructed Features For General Object Recognition, Kirt D. Lillywhite Mar 2012

Feature Construction Using Evolution-Constructed Features For General Object Recognition, Kirt D. Lillywhite

Theses and Dissertations

Object recognition is a well studied but extremely challenging field. Human detection is an especially important part of object recognition as it has played a role in machine and human interaction, biometrics, unmanned vehicles, as well as tracking and surveillance. We first present a hardware implementation of the successful Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) method for human detection. The implementation significantly speeds up the method achieving 38 frames a second on VGA video while testing 11,160 sliding windows per frame. The accuracy remains comparable to the CPU implementation. Analysis of the HOG method and other popular object recognition methods led …

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Family Structure And Family Instability: Evaluating Their Influence On Adult Outcomes, Hsin-Yao Chiu Feb 2012

Family Structure And Family Instability: Evaluating Their Influence On Adult Outcomes, Hsin-Yao Chiu

Theses and Dissertations

Family structure is a widely used independent variable. However, in recent years researchers have questioned its predicting power. They also strive to improve its use. This study drew on Holman's (2001) theoretical model and examined the association between the family structure independent variables (Family Structure, Family Instability, and Parental Romantic Partners) and the outcome variables (Coming to Terms, Self-esteem, Maturity, and Depression). The analysis was conducted with a sample of 3,705 individuals (2,316 females and 1,389 males) randomly selected from the entire population that completed the Relationship Evaluation Questionnaire (RELATE). Results showed that Family Instability was a stronger predictor than …

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Partial Characterization Of The Antimicrobial Activity Of Ccl28, Bin Liu Feb 2012

Partial Characterization Of The Antimicrobial Activity Of Ccl28, Bin Liu

Theses and Dissertations

This research focuses on the antimicrobial activity of the mouse chemokine CCL28. In addition to their well characterized chemotactic activity, many chemokines have been shown to be antimicrobial in vitro, including the mucosally expressed chemokine CCL28. I have investigated the primary sequence features required for antimicrobial activity, salt sensitive nature of killing/binding mechanism, and in vivo microbial interactions of CCL28. Through the use of protein mutation and expression techniques, I have shown that the holoprotein (108 amino acids) is necessary for full antimicrobial activity of CCL28. Furthermore, the C terminal region of CCL28 is essential for microbial killing as an …

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Integrating Advanced Writing Content Into A Scholarly Inquiry In Nursing Course, Barbara L. Madleco Feb 2012

Integrating Advanced Writing Content Into A Scholarly Inquiry In Nursing Course, Barbara L. Madleco

Faculty Publications

Since there are few data examining methods to help students learn to write in a scholarly manner, the purposes of this project were to (1) evaluate students’ learning of writing content integrated into a Scholarly Inquiry in Nursing course by examining differences in scores on a writing assessment taken at the beginning and end of the course; and (2) examine student confidence ratings relative to writing to see if it improved during the course. After obtaining IRB approval and informed consent, the CLIPS pre and post assessment mean scores of 82 students in a Scholarly Inquiry in Nursing course were …

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Humanized Mice As A Model To Study Human Viral Pathogenesis And Novel Antiviral Drugs, Freddy Mauricio Sanchez Tumbaco Feb 2012

Humanized Mice As A Model To Study Human Viral Pathogenesis And Novel Antiviral Drugs, Freddy Mauricio Sanchez Tumbaco

Theses and Dissertations

Animal models have greatly contributed to the understanding of different aspects of human biology, as well as a variety of human-related pathogens and diseases. In order to study them, humanized mice susceptible to pathogens that replicate in human immune cells have been developed (e.g., humanized Rag2-/-γc-/- mice). These animals are engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), resulting in the de novo development and maturation of the major functional components of the human adaptive immune system and the production of a variety of human cell types. Primary and secondary lymphoid organs in the mouse are populated with human cells, and …

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A Parametric Investigation Of Pattern Separation Processes In The Medial Temporal Lobe, Sarah E. Motley Feb 2012

A Parametric Investigation Of Pattern Separation Processes In The Medial Temporal Lobe, Sarah E. Motley

Theses and Dissertations

The hippocampus is thought to be involved in memory formation and consolidation, with computational models proposing the process of pattern separation as a means for encoding overlapping memories. Previous research has used semantically related targets and lures to investigate hippocampal responses to mnemonic interference. Here, we attempted to define the response function of the hippocampus and its inputs during pattern separation by parametrically varying target-lure similarity in a continuous recognition task. We also investigated the effect of task demands (intentional versus incidental encoding) on pattern separation processes. We collected functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data while participants were shown a …

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Dynamics Of The Solvent Exchange Reaction Of Weakly Bound Organic Solvents To Group 6 Transition Metal Carbonyls And The Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl Mediated Pauson-Khand Reaction, Richard J. Gates Feb 2012

Dynamics Of The Solvent Exchange Reaction Of Weakly Bound Organic Solvents To Group 6 Transition Metal Carbonyls And The Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl Mediated Pauson-Khand Reaction, Richard J. Gates

Theses and Dissertations

Many organometallic reactions are solvent-dependent, suggesting solvent molecules interact with reaction intermediates. Studies of the solvent exchange reaction of group 6 transition metal carbonyls with moderately binding ligands have provided insight into these interactions, however, studies of the mechanism for this reaction with weakly binding ligands have not been performed. Experiments were conducted on the nanosecond time scale in methylcyclohexane over the temperature range of 4 to 44 °C using Step Scan FTIR (SS FTIR) spectroscopy with weakly binding ligands benzene and mesitylene. Upon photolysis of the metal hexacarbonyls, the kinetically favored product (M(CO)5(solv)), decays following pseudo-first-order kinetics to the …

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Size-Structured Spatial Patterns As A Measure Of Larval Dispersal And Emigration, Douglas F. Markle Jan 2012

Size-Structured Spatial Patterns As A Measure Of Larval Dispersal And Emigration, Douglas F. Markle

Western North American Naturalist

Size-structured spatial patterns in larvae of 2 sucker and 3 minnow species are described from fixed-site sampling in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and are used to demonstrate patterns of size-based losses downstream and retention in the lake. The smallest larvae of shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris), Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus), and tui chubs (Siphateles bicolor) were least likely to be found in Lake Ewauna, a downstream catchment; yet the proportion of larger larvae downstream was often substantial, 20%–40% of a size class. In contrast, the smallest larvae of blue chubs (Klamathella coerulea) …

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Effect Of Density On Growth And Survival Of Young June Sucker, Mark C. Belk, R. Cary Tuckfield Jan 2012

Effect Of Density On Growth And Survival Of Young June Sucker, Mark C. Belk, R. Cary Tuckfield

Western North American Naturalist

One of the fundamental determinants of survival and growth of individuals is population density. Typically, individuals exhibit negative density dependence, but positive density dependence (Allee effect) may occur. Understanding patterns of density dependence is important for conservation and management of species that have low densities as a result of recent population declines. June sucker (Chasmistes liorus) is an endangered species that was formerly abundant but now is found at low densities in Utah Lake. We tested the hypothesis that young June sucker exhibit positive density dependence (i.e., Allee effects) in growth and survival at low densities. In addition, …

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End Matter, Vol. 71 No. 4 Jan 2012

End Matter, Vol. 71 No. 4

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Ecology Of Unique Lentic Populations Of Roundtail Chub, Gila Robusta, Sarah M. Laske, Frank J. Rahel, Wayne A. Hubert, Peter A. Cavalli Jan 2012

Ecology Of Unique Lentic Populations Of Roundtail Chub, Gila Robusta, Sarah M. Laske, Frank J. Rahel, Wayne A. Hubert, Peter A. Cavalli

Western North American Naturalist

Although roundtail chub (Gila robusta) is generally considered a riverine species, 6 natural lakes in the upper Green River basin, Wyoming, have resident populations of this fish. In 2 of the lakes, Halfmoon and Little Halfmoon, we investigated the ecology of resident roundtail chub, including their habitat use, diet, weight–length relationships, growth, and reproduction. Lentic roundtail chub used littoral and mid-depth benthic habitats most often, with the highest catch rates in littoral habitats. Roundtail chub were rarely caught in pelagic or deep benthic habitats. Opportunistic foraging was observed in both lakes, with roundtail chub consuming terrestrial and aquatic …

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Lake Suckers In The Western Usa: History, Ecology, And Bibliography Of An Endangered Genus, Mark C. Belk, Russell B. Rader, Michael D. Mills Jan 2012

Lake Suckers In The Western Usa: History, Ecology, And Bibliography Of An Endangered Genus, Mark C. Belk, Russell B. Rader, Michael D. Mills

Western North American Naturalist

Lake suckers of the genus Chasmistes are a unique and important component of the fish assemblages of the western USA. To review recent research, discuss issues, and exchange information, researchers and managers working on the various species participated in a symposium on lake sucker biology as part of the 2010 annual meeting of the Western Division of the American Fisheries Society, held in Salt Lake City, Utah. This special feature of the Western North American Naturalist is dedicated to lake sucker ecology and natural history and provides a central venue for publication of several papers presented in the symposium. To …

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Status Of Lost River Sucker And Shortnose Sucker, Josh E. Rasmussen Jan 2012

Status Of Lost River Sucker And Shortnose Sucker, Josh E. Rasmussen

Western North American Naturalist

The endangered Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris) are endemic to the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California. The once very abundant populations have declined drastically due to a combination of habitat loss and impairment, disruption of reproduction and gene flow, intensive harvest, and loss of entire populations. Spawning populations within Upper Klamath Lake are declining and have not had significant recruitment for over a decade. In addition to habitat loss, these populations are threatened by periodic harmful water conditions resulting from massive algal blooms and entrainment of larvae and juveniles into …

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Larval Sucker Distribution And Condition Before And After Large-Scale Restoration At The Williamson River Delta, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, Charles S. Erdman, Heather A. Hendrixson, Nathan T. Rudd Jan 2012

Larval Sucker Distribution And Condition Before And After Large-Scale Restoration At The Williamson River Delta, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, Charles S. Erdman, Heather A. Hendrixson, Nathan T. Rudd

Western North American Naturalist

We monitored the response of endangered Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) larvae and shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris) larvae prior to, and during the first 2 seasons after, restoration of historic wetlands at the mouth of the Williamson River, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. In 2006 and 2007 (prerestoration) and in 2009 and 2010 (postrestoration), we used pop nets set in shallow-water (t = 9.92, df = 400, P < 0.0001; t = 0.8, df = 400, P = 0.3438). In 2009 and 2010, larvae were documented using the newly restored portions of the delta. Larval suckers captured during pre- …

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Evaluation Of Release Strategies For Captive-Reared June Sucker Based On Poststocking Survival, Eric J. Billman, Josh E. Rasmussen, Jackie Watson Jan 2012

Evaluation Of Release Strategies For Captive-Reared June Sucker Based On Poststocking Survival, Eric J. Billman, Josh E. Rasmussen, Jackie Watson

Western North American Naturalist

The recovery program for the endangered June sucker (Chasmistes liorus) relies on population augmentation to overcome recruitment deficits. Successful recruitment of artificially propagated individuals is affected by release timing, release size, and rearing techniques. We examined the effect of release timing and release size (total length [TL] and a relative condition factor [Wr]) on recruitment probability of hatchery-reared June sucker (Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Fisheries Experiment Station [FES]) and captive-reared June sucker (Red Butte Reservoir [RBR] refuge population) stocked across multiple years. Because source and year effects were confounded, we assessed the probability of recruitment …

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Growth Of Young June Sucker (Chasmistes Liorus) Is Associated With Zooplankton Density In Utah Lake, Joshua D. Kreitzer, Eric J. Billman, Mark C. Belk, Russell B. Rader Jan 2012

Growth Of Young June Sucker (Chasmistes Liorus) Is Associated With Zooplankton Density In Utah Lake, Joshua D. Kreitzer, Eric J. Billman, Mark C. Belk, Russell B. Rader

Western North American Naturalist

The endangered June sucker, Chasmistes liorus, is a long-lived, zooplanktivorous sucker endemic to Utah Lake, Utah. Habitat degradation both in the tributaries, where adults spawn, and in the lake has contributed to near complete mortality of larval and juvenile fish within the first few weeks after hatching, leading to a long-term lack of recruitment to the adult population. Recovery of June sucker depends on habitat restoration in the river and the lake that will increase the survival of young fish. Thus, it is important to understand how habitat heterogeneity within the lake will influence the survival and growth of young …

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Consequences Of Parasitic Mite Infestation On Muskrat (Ondatra Zibethicus), Jeffrey A. Prendergast, William E. Jensen Jan 2012

Consequences Of Parasitic Mite Infestation On Muskrat (Ondatra Zibethicus), Jeffrey A. Prendergast, William E. Jensen

Western North American Naturalist

Ectoparasite infestation has been implicated in increased physiological costs and reduced fitness of several animals. The semiaquatic habit of muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) restricts its ectoparasites to small mites. We assessed variation in muskrat reproductive effort and fat content in response to relative abundance of parasitic mites. There were no significant correlations between total number of placental scars, number of litters, or percent body fat and the relative abundance of ectoparasitic mites. Our results suggest that these measures of muskrat reproduction and physiology are generally unaffected by arachnid ectoparasites.


La infestación de ectoparásitos ha sido vinculada con el aumento …

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Specialist And Generalist Bee Visitors Of An Endemic Beardtongue (Penstemon Caryi: Plantaginaceae) Of The Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming, V. J. Tepedino, T. L. Griswold, J. E. Freilich, P. Shephard Jan 2012

Specialist And Generalist Bee Visitors Of An Endemic Beardtongue (Penstemon Caryi: Plantaginaceae) Of The Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming, V. J. Tepedino, T. L. Griswold, J. E. Freilich, P. Shephard

Western North American Naturalist

Insect exclusion from the flowers of Penstemon caryi showed that fruits are not produced unless pollen is moved between flowers by pollinators. We recorded over 30 species of bees visiting the flowers, and about a third of the bee species were common. Flower visitors were primarily pollen-collecting female bees, most of which also carried pollen on areas of the head that strongly implicated them as pollinators. While larger bees were generally more common on the flowers than smaller bees, there appeared to be no difference between size groups in (1) the percent of females collectingPenstemon pollen, (2) the percent …

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Habitat Selection By Greater Sage-Grouse During Winter In Southeastern Oregon, Christian A. Hagen, Mitchell J. Willis, Elizabeth M. Glenn, Robert G. Anthony Jan 2012

Habitat Selection By Greater Sage-Grouse During Winter In Southeastern Oregon, Christian A. Hagen, Mitchell J. Willis, Elizabeth M. Glenn, Robert G. Anthony

Western North American Naturalist

The distribution and geographic range of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have been reduced by 56% since European settlement. Although loss and fragmentation of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) habitats have been cited as the primary causes for the decline of the species, degradation of existing habitat also has been considered an important factor. Guidelines for protection and management of breeding and winter habitat have been developed for land managers, but winter habitat use has not been thoroughly described throughout the species’ range, particularly for the western portion of its range in Oregon. We examined vegetation-type selection and use by …

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Comparison Of Disturbance Impacts To And Spatial Distribution Of Biological Soil Crusts In The Little San Bernardino Mountains Of Joshua Tree National Park, California, Nicole Pietrasiak, Jeffrey R. Johansen, Tasha Ladoux, Robert C. Graham Jan 2012

Comparison Of Disturbance Impacts To And Spatial Distribution Of Biological Soil Crusts In The Little San Bernardino Mountains Of Joshua Tree National Park, California, Nicole Pietrasiak, Jeffrey R. Johansen, Tasha Ladoux, Robert C. Graham

Western North American Naturalist

Biological soil crust ecology in the hot Mojave Desert is poorly understood with regard to crust distribution and abundance, as well as the impacts of trampling disturbance on crust development. Our objective was to study biological soil crusts in 2 areas of differing disturbance pressures in the high desert region of Joshua Tree National Park, California, with respect to visible crust cover and frequency, chlorophylla, and soil stability. Impacts on biological soil crusts from 2 disturbance regimes, historic grazing and recent high foot traffic, were compared using a disturbance indicator. In addition, we measured a suite of abiotic and …

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Characterization And Isolation Of Five Microsatellite Loci In Northern Flying Squirrels, Glaucomys Sabrinus (Sciuridae, Rodentia), A. M. Kiesow, L. E. Wallace, H. B. Britten Jan 2012

Characterization And Isolation Of Five Microsatellite Loci In Northern Flying Squirrels, Glaucomys Sabrinus (Sciuridae, Rodentia), A. M. Kiesow, L. E. Wallace, H. B. Britten

Western North American Naturalist

Northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) are found in boreal forests of northern and northwestern North America, but a small population is isolated to the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming. Few microsatellite primers have been developed for this species, though they are needed to examine the genetic structure of these populations. Thus, we isolated and characterized 5 microsatellite loci in northern flying squirrels through a series of steps involving microbiology, molecular biology, and genetic techniques. Data analyses with these primers indicated that the northern flying squirrel population found in the Black Hills may have low heterozygosity and …

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Effects Of A Second-Entry Prescribed Fire In A Mixed Conifer Forest, Daniel C. Laughlin, John Paul Roccaforte, Peter Z. Fulé Jan 2012

Effects Of A Second-Entry Prescribed Fire In A Mixed Conifer Forest, Daniel C. Laughlin, John Paul Roccaforte, Peter Z. Fulé

Western North American Naturalist

We analyzed the effects of a second-entry prescribed fire in a mixed conifer forest in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 14 years after the initial burn to assess whether restoration and management objectives were achieved. The surface fire had little effect on large overstory ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, and white fir trees and did not change total tree density or basal area. The fire reduced the overall density of conifer seedlings 87%, but had a smaller effect on seedlings >30 cm tall and on sapling density. The fire reduced litter depths by 33%, duff depths by 23%, fine woody debris by …

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Diets Of Three Species Of Bufonids (Amphibia, Anura) From Northern Mexico, Geoffrey R. Smith, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal, Allison B. Burner, Kristen E. Winter, Christopher B. Dayer Jan 2012

Diets Of Three Species Of Bufonids (Amphibia, Anura) From Northern Mexico, Geoffrey R. Smith, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal, Allison B. Burner, Kristen E. Winter, Christopher B. Dayer

Western North American Naturalist

We examined the diets of 3 species of bufonids from northern Mexico (Anaxyrus debilis, Anaxyrus punctatus, and Incilius mazatlanensis) with the objective of better understanding the diets of amphibians in this region of Mexico, which is currently undergoing environmental change. The diet of A. debilis was numerically and volumetrically dominated by termites, followed by ants. In A. debilis, some aspects of prey size were correlated with toad head width but were not related to head length or body size (i.e., snout–vent length [SVL]). Ants were numerically the most important prey item in the diet of A. punctatus, but …

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