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Quickscan: A Pragmatic Approach To Decision Support, P. J. F. M. Verweij, Manuel Winograd, Marta Pérez-Soba, Rob Knapen, Yke Van Randen Jul 2012

Quickscan: A Pragmatic Approach To Decision Support, P. J. F. M. Verweij, Manuel Winograd, Marta Pérez-Soba, Rob Knapen, Yke Van Randen

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Decision Support Tools (DST) are a key instrument for preparing legislative proposals and policy initiatives. They provide insight about options, conflicts, synergies and trade-offs between issues, sectors and regions at multiple scales. DST range from integrated systems modelling to value-based knowledge systems resulting from expert groups. The results of the expert groups do not provide regional differentiation making it difficult to obtain useful insights for policy making. The ‘black-box’ complex tools are found not transparent by the decision makers that seek to understand the modelling behind the results to be able to cope with the scientific uncertainty and changing policy …

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Combining Socio-Economic And Ecological Modelling To Inform Natural Resource Management Strategies, Johannes P. M. Heinonen, Justin M. J. Travis, Steve M. Redpath, Michelle A. Pinard Jul 2012

Combining Socio-Economic And Ecological Modelling To Inform Natural Resource Management Strategies, Johannes P. M. Heinonen, Justin M. J. Travis, Steve M. Redpath, Michelle A. Pinard

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Effective management of natural resources requires understanding both the dynamics of the natural systems being subjected to management and the decision-making behaviour of stakeholders who are involved in the management process. We suggest that simulation modelling techniques can provide a powerful method platform for the transdisciplinary integration of ecological, economic and sociological aspects that is needed for exploring the likely outcomes of different management approaches and options. A concise review of existing literature on ecological and socio-economic modelling and approaches at the interface of these fields is presented followed by a framework coupling an individual-based ecological model with an agent-based …

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A Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Modelling Framework For The Simulation Of The Complete, Socio-Technical, Urban Water System, Sotiria Baki, Ifigeneia Koutiva, Christos Makropoulos Jul 2012

A Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Modelling Framework For The Simulation Of The Complete, Socio-Technical, Urban Water System, Sotiria Baki, Ifigeneia Koutiva, Christos Makropoulos

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

A (truly) integrated approach to the management of urban water should take into account, further to the characteristics of the technical system, a range of socio-economic processes and interactions – combined into what has been termed the “socio-technical system”. This is by no means an easy endeavour: conventional simulation tools often fail to capture socio-economic processes and their interactions with the technical urban water system. Variables depicting the socioeconomic environment are usually static and estimated from literature and/or expert opinion. To address this issue, new socio-technical modelling approaches are emerging aiming to explicitly account for the feedback loops between the …

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Negotiated Outcomes – Actor-Oriented Modelling Of Energy Efficiency In A Stockholm City District Renewal, Orjan Svane, Per Lundqvist, Josefin Wangel, Daniel K. Jonsson Jul 2012

Negotiated Outcomes – Actor-Oriented Modelling Of Energy Efficiency In A Stockholm City District Renewal, Orjan Svane, Per Lundqvist, Josefin Wangel, Daniel K. Jonsson

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

“What if the renewal of Rinkeby-Kista, Stockholm, were to make it part ofa 2 kW Society?” Renewal of the city district’s 25 000 flats from the 1970s is dueand a network organisation, “Järva Boost” is established. A cross-disciplinary teamof KTH researchers develop a computerised model to simulate energy efficiencygains resulting from actors’ decisions. Inputs are measures that building owners,energy providers, residents, planners etc. might propose. They can be technicalinstitutional or socio-cultural. Outputs are energy use in kW/person and CO2emissions. To guide model development, an “ideal type” usage situation isoutlined. The energy system is modelled “upstream” from end use, to identify …

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Social Structure-Land Use-Water Flows: Modelling Relationships Using Discrete Bayesian Networks, Rosa Fernández, Bárbara A. Willaarts, Antonio Fernández, Rafael Rumí, Pedro A. Aguilera Jul 2012

Social Structure-Land Use-Water Flows: Modelling Relationships Using Discrete Bayesian Networks, Rosa Fernández, Bárbara A. Willaarts, Antonio Fernández, Rafael Rumí, Pedro A. Aguilera

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Bayesian networks are one of the most powerful tools for the design ofexpert systems located in an uncertainty framework (probabilistic expert system).We have studied the relationships between social structure, land use and waterflows in two Spanish catchments using discrete Bayesian networks. The aim wasto predict how social changes influence both land use and green and blue waterflows. Land use in the Nacimiento catchment is related to woodland and traditionalagriculture, while land use in the Adra catchment comprises traditional andgreenhouse agriculture. The socioeconomic variables selected were emigrationrate, immigration rate, and the proportion of people older than 65 (p65). Green andblue water …

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Dealing With Insufficient Data: Metadata Modelling And Stochastic Exploration Of The Decision Space, David Nijssen, Andreas H. Schumann Jul 2012

Dealing With Insufficient Data: Metadata Modelling And Stochastic Exploration Of The Decision Space, David Nijssen, Andreas H. Schumann

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

In Integrated Water Resources Management, a conjunctive consideration of hydrological processes and human influences is essential. Even though a large variety of hydrological models is available for this purpose; the application of these models is often hampered by insufficient data and information. In particular human impacts can not be described in detail. To cope with these problems a metadata modelling approach in form of a dynamic water balance was used, incorporating model-based analyses of the hydrological conditions and human impacts based on socio-economic statistics as well as on detailed studies of water utilisation in agriculture, industries and settlements. Interlinks of …

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Providing Scientific Certainty In Predictive Decision Support: The Role Of Closed Questions, Joseph H. A. Guillaume, A. J. Jakeman Jul 2012

Providing Scientific Certainty In Predictive Decision Support: The Role Of Closed Questions, Joseph H. A. Guillaume, A. J. Jakeman

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Uncertainty in scientific predictions of outcome of decisions is currently of substantial interest, with a common perception, at least in groundwater modelling, that some decision makers have unrealistic expectations of accuracy. A feeling shared by some practitioners is that with a proper stakeholder engagement process, uncertainty is no longer such a difficult issue. This paper argues that the key is precisely specifying purpose and expectations, and the definition of closed questions provides a useful approach to do so. A closed question, also known as a fixed-choice or pre-coded question, has a finite set of answers, e.g. yes/no or A, B, …

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Communicating River Level Data And Information To Stakeholders With Different Interests: The Participative Development Of An Interactive Online Service, Kit (C. J. A) Macleod, Somayajulu G. Sripada, Antonio A. R. Ioris, Koen Arts, René Van Der Wal Jul 2012

Communicating River Level Data And Information To Stakeholders With Different Interests: The Participative Development Of An Interactive Online Service, Kit (C. J. A) Macleod, Somayajulu G. Sripada, Antonio A. R. Ioris, Koen Arts, René Van Der Wal

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Increasing the effectiveness of how river level data are communicated to a range of stakeholders (individuals, groups and communities) with an interest in river level information is likely to result in greater use of data collected by regulatory agencies. A range of interest groups, like those involved in recreational pursuits such as angling and canoeing, require certain but different information on changes in river levels state to allow effective scheduling of their activities. A range of options have been developed for communicating river level data to different audiences, but those fail to address group heterogeneity and information demands. To a …

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Dual Hiv Risk And Vulnerabilities Among Women Who Use Or Inject Drugs: No Single Prevention Strategy Is The Answer, Nabila El-Bassel, Wendee M. Wechsberg, Stacey Shaw Jul 2012

Dual Hiv Risk And Vulnerabilities Among Women Who Use Or Inject Drugs: No Single Prevention Strategy Is The Answer, Nabila El-Bassel, Wendee M. Wechsberg, Stacey Shaw

Faculty Publications

HIV prevention strategies and services need to address the unique and multilevel drivers that increase the vulnerabilities to HIV, HCV, and STIs among women who use drugs including those who engage in sex work. Scaling-up and improving access to multilevel and combined HIV prevention strategies for these women is central to combating the HIV epidemic.

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Indicators Of Fertility Change In A Developing Nation: Examining The Impact Of Motorcycles As A Distance Demolishing Technology On Fertility Change In Rural Indonesia, Jonathan A. Muir Jun 2012

Indicators Of Fertility Change In A Developing Nation: Examining The Impact Of Motorcycles As A Distance Demolishing Technology On Fertility Change In Rural Indonesia, Jonathan A. Muir

Theses and Dissertations

Given the consistent findings in the development literature that fertility is associated with economic growth for individuals, families, and even influences a country's Gross Domestic Product, I explore to what degree motorcycles impact changes in fertility in rural Indonesia. I argue that motorcycles function as a "Distance Demolishing Technology" (Scott 2009:11) and therein empower individuals, particularly young rural women from lower socioeconomic groups who are socially and economically isolated, through increasing their access to labor markets, educational opportunities, non-familial social organizations, and more diverse social networks—key indicators in affecting fertility decisions identified in the existing literature. I examine this relationship …

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Do Extracurricular Activities Help Adolescents Develop Academic Self-Efficacy? Evidence For How And Why, Brianne Louisa Burr Jun 2012

Do Extracurricular Activities Help Adolescents Develop Academic Self-Efficacy? Evidence For How And Why, Brianne Louisa Burr

Theses and Dissertations

Previous research has linked extracurricular activities to academic performance for adolescents, but it remains unclear through what mechanisms they are linked. I posit that extracurricular activities lead to the development of academic self-efficacy, which in turn improves academic performance. This study examines the nature of the relationship between participation in extracurricular activities and academic self-efficacy for adolescents. Using data from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002, I find that academic self-efficacy is positively related to participation in extracurricular activities. Results indicate that participation in a diversity of types of extracurricular activities such as in both sports and student government is …

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Improving Student Engagement: An Evaluation Of The Latinos In Action Program, Jose Elder Enriquez Jun 2012

Improving Student Engagement: An Evaluation Of The Latinos In Action Program, Jose Elder Enriquez

Theses and Dissertations

Hispanic students make up 12% of the enrollment in Utah elementary and secondary schools but only 3.4% of the enrollment at Utah's colleges and universities, according to Alemán and Rorrer (2006). The intervention Latinos in Action (LIA) seeks to increase high school completion and college graduation rates among emergent bilingual Latinos by involving them as paraprofessional literacy tutors for younger Spanish-speaking students. This dissertation, written in article-ready style, reports on two studies of the program. Study 1, a survey of 128 high school students, found that those involved in the service and literacy program scored higher than their bilingual Latino …

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Community Journalists And Personal Relationships With Sources And Community Organizations, Richard G. Johnson Jun 2012

Community Journalists And Personal Relationships With Sources And Community Organizations, Richard G. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

Community journalists, most of whom work and live in small towns, are likely to create personal relationships with sources and local organizations because of their proximity and involvement in the community. Such relationships may raise ethical questions that explore how journalists manage personal ties in the community. Using a grounded theory approach, the researcher analyzed 15 qualitative, in-depth interviews, this research examined ways in which journalists in six Western communities weigh their personal relationships against traditional journalism norms such as objectivity and detachment. Analysis of these interviews found community journalists fear conflicts of interest, and many of the interview subjects …

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Clarifying The Relationship Between Bullying And Fear Of Victimization: The Contribution Of Collective Efficacy, Karen R. Spence Jun 2012

Clarifying The Relationship Between Bullying And Fear Of Victimization: The Contribution Of Collective Efficacy, Karen R. Spence

Theses and Dissertations

The rate of fear of victimization has declined in recent years but remains a prevalent problem among adolescents. Fear has been explained in past literature by three main theories: victimization theory, social integration theory, and social disorganization theory. However, the prediction of fear of victimization can be done more concisely by the contribution of collective efficacy, a concept that combines a community's feelings of social cohesion with a willingness to intervene for the common good. Using data collected from Philadelphia middle schools in 1993-1994, this study tested the direct and interacting effects of bullying and collective efficacy on fear of …

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Interracial, Yet Intrafaith: Does A Common Religion Predict Higher Relationship Quality In Interracial Romantic Relationships?, Danielle Fenn Jun 2012

Interracial, Yet Intrafaith: Does A Common Religion Predict Higher Relationship Quality In Interracial Romantic Relationships?, Danielle Fenn

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between relationship quality and religious discrepancy of interracial couples who are either married or cohabiting. Two variables of religious discrepancy (religious affiliation discrepancy and religiosity discrepancy) were studied. The sample included three groups of interracial couples: Hispanic-white, Asian-white, and Black-white. The data were analyzed using a structural equation model and regression estimates of the three groups were compared. Results showed a significant relationship in only three of the 12 relationships between the two variables of religious discrepancy and relationship quality. Significant negative relationships were found between religious denomination discrepancy and …

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Estimation Of The Effects Of Parental Measures On Child Aggression Using Structural Equation Modeling, Jordan Daniel Pyper Jun 2012

Estimation Of The Effects Of Parental Measures On Child Aggression Using Structural Equation Modeling, Jordan Daniel Pyper

Theses and Dissertations

A child's parents are the primary source of knowledge and learned behaviors for developing children, and the benefits or repercussions of certain parental practices can be long lasting. Although parenting practices affect behavioral outcomes for children, families tend to be diverse in their circumstances and needs. Research attempting to ascertain cause and effect relationships between parental influences and child behavior can be difficult due to the complex nature of family dynamics and the intricacies of real life. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is an appropriate method for this research as it is able to account for the complicated nature of child-parent …

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Open (Adoption) For Business: Opposing Movements And Environmental Opportunity Structures In The Adoption Organizational Field, 1972-2000, Krista Marie Frederico Jun 2012

Open (Adoption) For Business: Opposing Movements And Environmental Opportunity Structures In The Adoption Organizational Field, 1972-2000, Krista Marie Frederico

Theses and Dissertations

Recent directions in organizational studies have demonstrated progressive social movements' ability to generate rewarding enterprises or environmental opportunity structures (EOS) in receptive markets. However, more nuanced opposing movements (Meyer and Staggenborg 1996), such as the pro-choice and pro-life movements, receive far less attention, leaving scholars to postulate that there is much yet to know about the impact of movements other than those with strict progressive orientations (Zald, Morrill, and Rao 2005). To better understand how opposing movements contribute to environmental opportunity structures, this thesis examines dramatic growth in the number of adoption agencies advertising services in the Yellow Pages during …

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The Personal Characteristics And Pedgagogical Styles Of Effective Abstinence Education Instructors, Karen D. Hill Jun 2012

The Personal Characteristics And Pedgagogical Styles Of Effective Abstinence Education Instructors, Karen D. Hill

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to explore the personal characteristics and pedagogical styles of effective abstinence instructors. Abstinence instructors receive regular training and evaluation and tend to remain in the abstinence education field for multiple years. Abstinence education programs are offered throughout the United States and present a pool of participants in which to sociologically examine the dynamics of the relationship of adolescents and instructors in a youth prevention program. This qualitative study is based on in-depth personal interviews of eight abstinence instructors who shared insights into their own teaching experiences, expressed their thoughts about who they are as …

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Amphibious Entrepreneurs And The Emergence Of Organizational Forms, Walter W. Powell, Kurt Sandholtz Jun 2012

Amphibious Entrepreneurs And The Emergence Of Organizational Forms, Walter W. Powell, Kurt Sandholtz

Faculty Publications

We study the emergence of organizational forms, focusing on two mechanisms—reconfiguration and transposition—that distinguish the founding models of the first 26 biotechnology companies, all created in the industry's first decade, from 1972 to 1981. We analyze rich archival data using hierarchical cluster analysis, revealing four organizational variants of the dedicated biotech firm (DBF). Three were products of reconfiguration, as executives from Big Pharma used past practices to incorporate new science. One DBF variant resulted from 'amphibious' scientists who imported organizing ideas from the academy into their VC-funded start-ups. We argue that such transpositions are fragile, yet charged with generative possibilities. …

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The Effect Of Furigana On Lexical Inferencing Of Unknown Kanji Words, Joy A. Palmer Jun 2012

The Effect Of Furigana On Lexical Inferencing Of Unknown Kanji Words, Joy A. Palmer

Theses and Dissertations

The present study investigates the effect of furigana on lexical inferencing. After completing a pretest to determine their knowledge of the target words, participants read a passage and completed a think-aloud protocol and questionnaire. The experimental group read a passage with furigana over all kanji words while the control group read a passage without furigana. The protocols were evaluated to determine the rate and quality of lexical inferences of 16 target kanji words. The results of the questionnaire were evaluated to determine participant perception of passage and kanji difficulty, self-assessed percentage of the story that was understood, and the degree …

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A Comparison Of The Effects Of Negative Communication And Spirituality On Relationship Quality Among Different Groups Of Latino And Anglo Couples, Sergio Benjamin Pereyra Jun 2012

A Comparison Of The Effects Of Negative Communication And Spirituality On Relationship Quality Among Different Groups Of Latino And Anglo Couples, Sergio Benjamin Pereyra

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the direct relationship between actor/ partner effects of negative communication, spirituality and relationship quality and also examined negative communication when mediated by spirituality among four types of couples. The sample included 300 heterosexual Anglo couples (AC), 319 heterosexual female Anglo/ male Latino couples (FAML), 292 heterosexual female Latina/ male Anglo couples (FLMA), and 177 heterosexual Latino couples (LC) who completed a survey questionnaire known as the RELATionship Evaluation (RELATE). Variables from this questionnaire that were used in the study included measures of negative communication, spirituality, and relationship quality. Results from Structural Equation Modeling indicated that negative communication …

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Relational And Social Contexts As Predictors Of Satisfaction And Stability Among Asian-White Couples, Jerevie Malig Canlas Jun 2012

Relational And Social Contexts As Predictors Of Satisfaction And Stability Among Asian-White Couples, Jerevie Malig Canlas

Theses and Dissertations

Research suggests that interracial couples are more distressed and have lower stability compared to their endogamous counterparts. Interracial relationships involving Whites and Asians, however, seem to be an exception. To explore this exception, the pathways to relationship stability among endogamous and exogamous Asian-White couples were compared. Using Analysis of Covariance, partner empathy, social approval, relationship satisfaction, and relationship stability for endogamous and exogamous Asian-White couples were compared, while holding length of relationship constant. Actor and partner effects of partner empathy and social approval on relationship satisfaction and relationship stability, as well as that of relationship satisfaction on relationship stability, were …

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Jewish Ethnic Identity And The Dissolution Of The Black-Jewish Alliance, Nathan G. Caplin May 2012

Jewish Ethnic Identity And The Dissolution Of The Black-Jewish Alliance, Nathan G. Caplin

Theses and Dissertations

Since the early 20th century, Jews promoted civil rights for Black Americans in law, society, and employment. The Jewish hand of friendship developed into a natural alliance of African-American and Jewish leaders committed to racial equality that blossomed in the 1950s and 1960s and culminated with the passage of the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act. Despite their long term mutual efforts towards racial equality, the Black-Jewish Alliance faltered after Jews and Blacks cooperated to achieve these victories, and their alliance lay in ruins by the late 1960s and early 1970s. The Black-Jewish Alliance began to wane as …

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I Just Can't Do It! The Effects Of Social Withdrawal On Prosocial Behavior, Ashley Michelle Fraser May 2012

I Just Can't Do It! The Effects Of Social Withdrawal On Prosocial Behavior, Ashley Michelle Fraser

Theses and Dissertations

While there has been research published on social withdrawal during childhood, little work has been done on the effects of social withdrawal during emerging adulthood. Since emerging adulthood is a time of transition and initiation to new environments and social contexts, it would be expected to be a time of great anxiety for individuals predisposed to social withdrawal (shyness). Shyer emerging adults are at risk for internalizing behaviors, lowered self-concept, and delayed entry into romantic relationships, therefore, they may also be more challenged when it comes to enacting prosocial behaviors. In addition, the inability to self-regulate emotions may mediate this …

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Relationship Between Observed Parental Optimism And Adolescent Optimism With Parental Involvement As A Mediating Variable: Two Wave Panel Study, Allison Ellsworth May 2012

Relationship Between Observed Parental Optimism And Adolescent Optimism With Parental Involvement As A Mediating Variable: Two Wave Panel Study, Allison Ellsworth

Theses and Dissertations

Using coded data from parent-child interaction tasks and questionnaires, this longitudinal study examined the relationship between observed mother and father optimism and self-reported and observed optimism of their adolescent child one year later with mother and father involvement as mediators. Results from structural equation modeling indicated that while there was not a direct association between maternal optimism and child optimism, that father involvement mediated that relationship, and that father involvement further mediated the relationship between father involvement and child optimism.

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Italy At Home And Abroad After 150 Years: The Legacy Of Emigration And The Future Of Italianità, Mark I. Choate May 2012

Italy At Home And Abroad After 150 Years: The Legacy Of Emigration And The Future Of Italianità, Mark I. Choate

Faculty Publications

Shortly after unification in the Risorgimento, mass emigration stretched Italy in unforeseen ways, changing its culture, economics, and politics, and even its state, territory, language, and population. This enforced globalization polarized Italy and radically changed Italy as a nation-state and as a national culture. Controversies over emigration sharply divided Italian Liberals from the Nationalists and Fascists. The ideals of the nation-state, articulated by Mazzini, have been transformed by emigration in ways that have anticipated the twenty-first century global world. Today Italy faces similar challenges with rising immigration, together with the potential for constructive solutions.

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Approaching A Sociology Of Aesthetics: Searching For Method In Georg Simmel's Rembrandt, Michelle Marie Nixon Apr 2012

Approaching A Sociology Of Aesthetics: Searching For Method In Georg Simmel's Rembrandt, Michelle Marie Nixon

Theses and Dissertations

Art leaves the viewer with an aesthetic experience. Through art, "a truth is experienced that we cannot attain in any other way" (Gadamer 1975: xxii-xxiii). Traditional sociological methods of studying art negate both this experience and the concept of aesthetics altogether. This thesis attempts to find a method to approach the sociological study of aesthetics that acknowledges its existence and the aesthetic experience by studying the work of sociological founder, George Simmel, in his recently translated monograph Rembrandt: An Essay in the Philosophy of Art. Even though it has recently been translated into English, among German-speakers, it was the …

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Joseph As Father In Guido Reni's St. Joseph Images, Alec Teresa Gardner Apr 2012

Joseph As Father In Guido Reni's St. Joseph Images, Alec Teresa Gardner

Theses and Dissertations

This study presents a psychoanalytic examination of Guido Reni's motivations for creating an innovative painting series of St. Joseph and the Christ Child. The seventeenth-century artist developed a new depiction of Joseph as the tender and loving surrogate father of Christ. This new artistic emphasis on the intimate relationship between father and son reveals Reni's own psychological need to create a replacement father. Indeed, contemporary biographers report that Reni suffered from anxiety and an aversion to women throughout his life. These odd behavioral traits appear to have stemmed from Reni's lack of a supportive father figure. Thus, the artist created …

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The Influence Of The Roman Atrium-House's Architecture And Use Of Space In Engendering The Power And Independence Of The Materfamilias, Anne Elizabeth Stott Apr 2012

The Influence Of The Roman Atrium-House's Architecture And Use Of Space In Engendering The Power And Independence Of The Materfamilias, Anne Elizabeth Stott

Theses and Dissertations

Architecture has a remarkable capacity to not only reflect social patterns and behaviors but to engender public image and identity. Therefore, it has proven to be a viable source for understanding the lives of ancient people. In fact, many scholars have established a connection between the atrium-house's design and the power and social identity of the paterfamilias, or male head of household. However, little has been said about what these same architectural features mean in relation to his female counterpart, the materfamilias. Therefore, this paper argues that the architecture of the atrium-house likewise engendered a sense of power …

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Triggering Relationships That Contextualize The Pathway For Student Success, Darin R. Eckton Apr 2012

Triggering Relationships That Contextualize The Pathway For Student Success, Darin R. Eckton

Theses and Dissertations

America invests large amounts of money in K-12 education to develop its human capital. As such, K-12 student success is vital to the human capital development and future of America's children and adolescents. There is significant concern for the K-12 students who are predictably at risk of not graduating from high school (e.g., low-income, ethnic minority, and first generation college students) let alone qualifying for and enrolling in postsecondary education. Over the past four decades student success has primarily been explained by sociological research on status attainment as well as social capital and cultural capital. However, very little research addresses …

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