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End Matter, Vol. 83 No. 1 Jun 2023

End Matter, Vol. 83 No. 1

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

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Ecology And Retribution: Blake, Tokarczuk, And Animal Rights, Kristina Isaak Powell Jun 2023

Ecology And Retribution: Blake, Tokarczuk, And Animal Rights, Kristina Isaak Powell

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores how Nobel laureate Olga Tokarczuk's 2008 novel, Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead, engages with William Blake's life and his writings on animal welfare and speaks to current conversations about multispecies justice in the environmental humanities. It argues, first, that in recognizing how this novel's protagonist, Janina, selectively reads Blake to rationalize retributive justice, readers should resist a tendency to mistake this character for Tokarczuk's ideal advocate for environmental ethics. Secondly, it asserts that legal scholars' division between retributive and restorative justice offers valuable framework for approaching both this novel and ongoing debates about …

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Meet Them Where They Scroll: A Meta-Analytic Review Of Teen And Young Adult Dating Violence Prevention Programs, Aeriel Grace Halstead Jun 2023

Meet Them Where They Scroll: A Meta-Analytic Review Of Teen And Young Adult Dating Violence Prevention Programs, Aeriel Grace Halstead

Theses and Dissertations

The public is often surprised by the high prevalence of relationship violence. With more than 50% of adults experiencing some form of physical or psychological violence in their intimate relationships during their lifetime, IPV is a public health crisis that particularly affects marginalized communities (Breiding et al., 2015; Johns et al., 2019, 2020; Stockman et al., 2015). The variable results of perpetrator and victim treatments make prevention particularly important if it is effective (Anderson & Van Ee, 2018; Babcock et al., 2004; Cheng et al., 2021; Karakurt et al., 2019; Maguire, 2018; Stith, Rosen, et al., 2004; Stover et al., …

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The Effects Of A Peer-Mediated Social Skills Intervention On Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Shannon Elizabeth Mcconaghie Jun 2023

The Effects Of A Peer-Mediated Social Skills Intervention On Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Shannon Elizabeth Mcconaghie

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of a peer-mediated social skills intervention (PMI) on children 6-12 years of age diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Current literature discusses the effects of peer-mediated social skills interventions for children with ASD in schools and on the playground but has not been conducted in an Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) clinic or in an Early Childhood Education/ABA-integrated preschool. Three dyads, each consisting of a typical peer and a target child diagnosed with ASD, participated in this study. The frequency of participants' initiations, responses, and continuations were collected throughout all phases, …

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Racial Differences And Lived Experiences: Civil Rights Experiences And A Private, Religious, Predominantly White Institution, Anthony Brandon Bates Jun 2023

Racial Differences And Lived Experiences: Civil Rights Experiences And A Private, Religious, Predominantly White Institution, Anthony Brandon Bates

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: This article explores the expressed thoughts and feelings of 24 research participants who processed and articulated their lived experiences. They each attended the same private, religious, historically, and predominantly White institution and participated in a three-credit course that covered the history of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and '60s, which culminated in an experience in Georgia and Alabama (Civil Rights experience). Methods: In this phenomenological study, the research participants all participated in a semi-structured interview with the same bank of questions. The questions were designed to examine their lived experiences, within the context of participating in the …

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Marital Stability In Newlywed Remarried Couple Relationships: Positive Communication And Marital Interactions In Shared Moments Or Activities, Colette Hickman-Evans Jun 2023

Marital Stability In Newlywed Remarried Couple Relationships: Positive Communication And Marital Interactions In Shared Moments Or Activities, Colette Hickman-Evans

Theses and Dissertations

Remarriages are more structurally diverse, last less time, are more vulnerable, and at greater risk for divorce than first marriages. The newlywed stage of marriage is a critical time when relationship patterns are established or reinforced that can impact a relationship for years to come, yet very few studies have examined remarried relationships in the newlywed stage. This study examined the association between marital interaction, positive communication, and marital instability in 348 newlywed remarried couple participants from a nationally representative sample. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) and actor-partner interdependence model with mediation (APIMeM), the findings indicated that positive communication was …

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Latter-Day Saint Women And Leadership In Higher Education: An Intrinsic Case Study, Elizabeth J. Darger Jun 2023

Latter-Day Saint Women And Leadership In Higher Education: An Intrinsic Case Study, Elizabeth J. Darger

Theses and Dissertations

There are few women in the highest levels of leadership in most industries, including higher education. This intrinsic case study provides insight into the leadership journeys of 15 female leaders at Brigham Young University, which is sponsored by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Four prevalent themes emerged about their leadership journeys. First, a leadership role was not part of the participant's life plan. The remaining three themes related to acceptance of a leadership role. Participants reported feeling nudged to consider a leadership role, feeling a sense of relational responsibility in accepting a leadership role, and receiving a …

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Refill Friction Stir Fastener Repair In Aa7050-T7451, Andrew John Curtis Jun 2023

Refill Friction Stir Fastener Repair In Aa7050-T7451, Andrew John Curtis

Theses and Dissertations

The majority of Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding (RFSSW) is used to join two materials together oriented in a lap joint configuration. In this study, RFSSW was investigated and tested using an unconventional configuration setup, a hole/plug insertion approach. RFSSW was tested as a means of repairing a cracked rivet hole due to excessive use conditions. This was done by inserting a plug into a hole and using the RFSSW process to bond the plug to the base material. Machine and tool limits were investigated to determine if a refilled plug repair was possible and if complete mixing between plug/hole …

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Pivotal Response Treatment To Decrease Challenging Behavior And Increase Functional Communication In Preschool Children With Developmental Delays, Kalie Alexandra Gilmour Jun 2023

Pivotal Response Treatment To Decrease Challenging Behavior And Increase Functional Communication In Preschool Children With Developmental Delays, Kalie Alexandra Gilmour

Theses and Dissertations

After a review of the literature on Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) in young children with developmental delays, less was known on its effects on challenging behavior and functional communication in preschool age children receiving services in a traditional public school. A multiple baseline design across three participants was used to evaluate the effects of PRT on the functional communication of three preschool students with developmental delays. Based on a functional analysis, we also observed the effects of PRT on challenging behavior. A visual analysis of the data revealed a functional relation between PRT and functional communication and provided promising evidence …

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Quantifying Speech Pause Durations In Typical English Speakers, John Hoffer Jun 2023

Quantifying Speech Pause Durations In Typical English Speakers, John Hoffer

Theses and Dissertations

This study examines filled and unfilled pause durations between utterances in the speech of 60 people with no language disorder. It also evaluates the proportions of different pause lengths, examines the location of pauses within an isolated speech sample, and compares speech pause in male speakers and female speakers. Using speech samples gathered from a picture description task, Praat acoustic analysis software was used to segment C-units and measure pause duration between utterances (Boersma & Weenink, 2022; Öktem et al., 2021). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze these data, including pause duration mean and standard deviations. Pause mean durations ranged …

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Accounting For Oral Language Skills In Children With Dyslexia: A Systematic Review Of The Literature, Natalie Kay Olsen Miller Jun 2023

Accounting For Oral Language Skills In Children With Dyslexia: A Systematic Review Of The Literature, Natalie Kay Olsen Miller

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: In the present study, we conducted a systematic review to determine whether studies involving children with dyslexia include the assessment of oral language skills in their assessment batteries across various professional disciplines. Overlooking assessment of oral language in children with dyslexia may result in the misinterpretation of research findings and applications to children who present with both dyslexia and Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) or experience secondary oral language deficits. Method: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched the Elsevier Scopus database and obtained and analyzed 764 articles, up to 40 articles …

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Cesium Voltilization In Lif-Bef2: Predicting Release In The Event Of Fhr Fuel Failure, Johnny Hedrick Williams Jun 2023

Cesium Voltilization In Lif-Bef2: Predicting Release In The Event Of Fhr Fuel Failure, Johnny Hedrick Williams

Theses and Dissertations

This work demonstrates how ICP-MS can be employed to evaluate cesium volatilization from LiF-BeF2 (Flibe) salt with ab initio molecular dynamics studies used as corroborating data to better understand cesium behavior. Using mixtures of Flibe with 2 mol% CsF, it was found that cesium was stable within the salt melt at temperatures between 500-650°C over a time span of 8 hours. At 800°C, cesium vaporized from the salt at a rate of 0.83% / hr with a mass flux of 0.0023 g Cs / cm2hr. The atomistic modeling results show poor solvation of Cs at 500°C and 800°C, with stability …

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The Performative History Of Tomboys In Anglophone Literature Prior To Little Women, Kimber Palmer Jun 2023

The Performative History Of Tomboys In Anglophone Literature Prior To Little Women, Kimber Palmer

Theses and Dissertations

This paper examines the expansive history of literary tomboys in the century preceding Louisa May Alcott's Little Women (1868). Applying concepts from gender performativity theory, it explores earlier and previously overlooked portrayals of tomboys (or, alternatively, "hoydens" or "romps"), especially in Richard Brinsley Sheridan's A Trip to Scarborough (1777), Isaac Bickerstaffe's The Romp; A Comic Opera in Two Acts (1786), Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), Jane Austen's Northanger Abbey (1817), and E.D.E.N. Southworth's The Hidden Hand (1859). Because the tomboy phenomenon emphasizes that gender roles must be learned and can be resisted, tomboy characters are …

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Family Of Origin Stress, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, And Resource Loss For Couples During Covid-19: A Longitudinal Analysis, Betsy Hughes Barrow Jun 2023

Family Of Origin Stress, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, And Resource Loss For Couples During Covid-19: A Longitudinal Analysis, Betsy Hughes Barrow

Theses and Dissertations

The pandemic affected daily life on an unprecedented global scale resulting in the need for adaptation and flexibility to cope with ongoing stress, uncertainty, and loss that may affect couple relationships. Understanding resource loss in the context of mass stress events is critical because resource loss has been defined as the primary agent of stress (Hobfoll, 1989). As such, it is important to understand what factors may have shaped the degree of resource loss incurred during the pandemic. Extant research implies that considering early life adversity may be useful to explore as it may be a form of resource loss …

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Exploration Of The Impact Of Gender-Affirming Care And Social Support On Executive Functioning And Mental Health In Gender-Diverse Autistic And Non-Autistic Adults, Karys Michaela Normansell-Mossa Jun 2023

Exploration Of The Impact Of Gender-Affirming Care And Social Support On Executive Functioning And Mental Health In Gender-Diverse Autistic And Non-Autistic Adults, Karys Michaela Normansell-Mossa

Theses and Dissertations

Between 4.8% and 26% of adults presenting to gender dysphoria clinics have an autism diagnosis. Both autistic people and gender-diverse people have higher rates of mental health conditions including anxiety and depression and more difficulties with executive functioning, all of which impact quality of life. Some work suggests that gender affirmation leads to better mental health outcomes, including better executive functioning, but this has not been studied directly in autistic adults who identify as gender-diverse or transgender. As such, we elected to explore the relationships among these variables at this intersection of gender diversity and autism. In a sample of …

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Mental Health Literacy In Polynesian Native Hawaiians And Other Pacific Islanders: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study, Kealoha Sarah Reiko Snow Jun 2023

Mental Health Literacy In Polynesian Native Hawaiians And Other Pacific Islanders: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study, Kealoha Sarah Reiko Snow

Theses and Dissertations

Background: High prevalence of mental health problems and underutilization of mental health treatment are more severe among the Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHPI) population and remain misunderstood and understudied. Examining mental health literacy (MHL)–the knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders which aid their recognition, management, or prevention–has been shown to identify barriers to seeking and receiving care. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the level of MHL in Polynesian NHPIs and identify associated demographic variables. Methods: Data for this pilot cross-sectional study were collected from 298 US Polynesians via an online questionnaire of the Mental Health Literacy Scale …

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Acarosporaceae Of New Mexico: Eight New Species Of Acarospora And Sarcogyne, Kerry Knudsen, Jana Kocourková, Eva Hodková, Jiří Malíček, Yan Wang Jun 2023

Acarosporaceae Of New Mexico: Eight New Species Of Acarospora And Sarcogyne, Kerry Knudsen, Jana Kocourková, Eva Hodková, Jiří Malíček, Yan Wang

Western North American Naturalist

Eight new species are described from the Chihuahuan Desert in southern New Mexico: Acarospora agos­tiniana, A. divisa, A. fissurata, A. ryanii, Sarcogyne brouardiana, S. coeruleonigricans, S. malpaiensis, and S. nogalensis. Three species, Acarospora coloradiana, A. peltastica, and A. utahensis are not treated as synonyms of A. strigata, a South American endemic. Thirty-four species of Acarosporaceae are reported from the Chihuahuan Desert in southern New Mexico. Fifty-six species of Acarosporaceae are reported from New Mexico. It is estimated that 416 species of described Acarosporales occur worldwide, most in need of revisions. …

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Conspecific Tolerance In A Solitary Small Carnivore, The Pacific Marten, Matthew S. Delheimer, Marie E. Martin, Katie M. Moriarty Jun 2023

Conspecific Tolerance In A Solitary Small Carnivore, The Pacific Marten, Matthew S. Delheimer, Marie E. Martin, Katie M. Moriarty

Western North American Naturalist

Holarctic martens (genus Martes) are small carnivores that are considered functionally solitary, with both resource scarcity and martens’ inability to store energetic reserves posited as precluding social behavior. Interactions between martens are expected to be largely agonistic with the exception of mating and rearing of kits by adult females. Nonetheless, we documented multiple instances of conspecific tolerance by Pacific martens (M. caurina) during long-term monitoring of radio-marked animals in 2 study populations. Observations from radio-tracking and remotely triggered cam­era trap photographs suggested that pairs of martens traveled, foraged, and rested together. Presumed marten associations occurred both inter- …

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Antibody Production And Diversification In Humanized Mice, Stanton Nielsen, Dr. Brad Berges Jun 2023

Antibody Production And Diversification In Humanized Mice, Stanton Nielsen, Dr. Brad Berges

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Many scientists are skeptical of using humanized mice to study the human adaptive immune response. The reasoning behind this skepticism stems from discrepancies in various studies seen previously. A study conducted by Traggiai et al. showed that humanized mice elicited a human adaptive immune response when challenged with the tetanus toxin (Traggiai). In addition, good antibody responses have been shown in humanized mice when challenged with Dengue virus (Kuruvilla). However, others have found only rare antibody responses to HIV when humanized mice were challenged (Baenziger). As mentioned earlier, a study conducted by Becker et al. showed the production of human …

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Design & Development Project Report: Chem-105 Oer Textbook, Abigail Boekweg Jun 2023

Design & Development Project Report: Chem-105 Oer Textbook, Abigail Boekweg

Instructional Psychology and Technology Graduate Student Projects

A report on a project to design and develop an open textbook for the BYU course CHEM-105 General College Chemistry. The project had two primary goals: to streamline the organization of the textbook and to enhance students' access to it.

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Characterizing Proteins That Interact With Pas Kinase, Jordan Mackay, Dr. Julianne Grose Jun 2023

Characterizing Proteins That Interact With Pas Kinase, Jordan Mackay, Dr. Julianne Grose

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Characterizing the interacting protein partners of Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) kinase has proven to be a formidable task. Since the beginning of 2012, I have been working hard with graduate student Desi DeMille on confirming the putative interactors uncovered by genetic screening done the previous year. This endeavor has yielded both successes and failures.

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But What If It Was A Cartoon? Animated Instructional Videos For The California Debt And Investment Advisory Commission, Faith Jennings Jun 2023

But What If It Was A Cartoon? Animated Instructional Videos For The California Debt And Investment Advisory Commission, Faith Jennings

Instructional Psychology and Technology Graduate Student Projects

A case study of designing an animated instructional video on municipal finance for elected officials in California.

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Identifying Proteins That Interact With Human Pas Kinase, Tacie Hall, Dr. Julianne Grose Jun 2023

Identifying Proteins That Interact With Human Pas Kinase, Tacie Hall, Dr. Julianne Grose

Journal of Undergraduate Research

When PAS kinase is knocked out in mice placed on high-fat diets, these mice show such symptoms as decreased weight gain, hypermetabolic phenotype, decreased liver triglyceride accumulation, and retained insulin sensitivity when compared with their wild type littermates.1 These symptoms are highly associated with chronic diseases commonly seen in humans today, such as diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. PAS kinase is a highly conserved protein from yeast to man which allows for the use of yeast as model organism to help discover the molecular mechanisms behind PAS kinase function. Since little is known about how PAS kinase functions, it …

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Ex Vivo Infection And Re‐Isolation Of Human Herpesvirus 6, Stephanie Carlson, Dr. Bradford Berges Jun 2023

Ex Vivo Infection And Re‐Isolation Of Human Herpesvirus 6, Stephanie Carlson, Dr. Bradford Berges

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Science rarely cooperates as anticipated, but that can often lead to unexpected insight and solution. I ran into that this semester with a certain aspect of our project. We are continuing to collect data for the American Society for Virology in late July and a future publication. We will need more replicates for a publication, but we have optimized our approach and protocol.

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Fundamentals Of International Religious Freedom: An Open Access Asynchronous Online Course Design, Johanna Chan Jun 2023

Fundamentals Of International Religious Freedom: An Open Access Asynchronous Online Course Design, Johanna Chan

Instructional Psychology and Technology Graduate Student Projects

The International Center for Law and Religion Studies (ICLRS) associated with the J. Reuben Clark Law School, has presented religious freedom training around the world to government officials, non-governmental organization (NGO) leaders, scholars, and others. The purpose of this project was to redesign their original training presentations into an openly accessible asynchronous online course. The content for this online course has previously been used in live instruction (in the form of brief lesson plans and PowerPoints), including a presentation of six two-hour sessions to 100 Guatemalan human rights officials. Live training on religious freedom was previously completed in China, Myanmar, …

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The Pioneering Efforts Of Ellen Larsen: The First Female Sports Information Director At Brigham Young University, Kiana Schlenker Jun 2023

The Pioneering Efforts Of Ellen Larsen: The First Female Sports Information Director At Brigham Young University, Kiana Schlenker

Theses and Dissertations

Title IX began the change of integrating women's sports into universities, but it was up to each university's athletic administration, external media sources, and public relations practitioners to determine how female athletes and sports were supported and publicized. In 1976, Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah hired Ellen Larsen as its first female sports information director responsible for women's sports. Through her 19 years as a sports information director at BYU, Larsen was an advocate for her athletes and helped pave the way for future female athletic administration roles. While there is plenty of literature on male sports information directors, …

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The Effects Of An Oral Narrative And Expository School-Age Language Intervention: A Low-Dosage Study, Giana H. Hunsaker Jun 2023

The Effects Of An Oral Narrative And Expository School-Age Language Intervention: A Low-Dosage Study, Giana H. Hunsaker

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: This study is Phase One of a multi-phase research initiative. The purpose of this study was to examine how well a low-dose, dual oral narrative and expository language intervention delivered in a small group setting improved expressive and receptive oral narrative and expository language in kindergarten, first grade, and second grade students who have been identified as having language disorder or emerging English academic language. Method: We administered a dynamic assessment of language to 325 kindergarten, first, and second grade students from two elementary schools in two school districts. The results of the dynamic assessment identified 61 students who …

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Evaluating Parameter Uncertainty In Transportation Demand Models, Natalie Mae Gray Jun 2023

Evaluating Parameter Uncertainty In Transportation Demand Models, Natalie Mae Gray

Theses and Dissertations

The inherent uncertainty in travel forecasting models -- arising from errors in input data, parameter estimation, or model formulation -- is receiving increasing attention from the scholarly and practicing community. In this research, we investigate the variance in forecasted traffic volumes resulting from varying the mode and destination choice parameters in an advanced trip-based travel demand model. Using Latin hypercube sampling to construct several hundred combinations of parameters across the plausible parameter space, we introduce substantial changes to mode and destination choice logsums and probabilities. However, the aggregate effects of of these changes on forecasted traffic volumes is small, with …

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Evaluating Effects Of Urban Growth Within The Greater Salt Lake Area On Local Meteorological Conditions Using Urban Canopy Modeling, Corey L. Smithson Jun 2023

Evaluating Effects Of Urban Growth Within The Greater Salt Lake Area On Local Meteorological Conditions Using Urban Canopy Modeling, Corey L. Smithson

Theses and Dissertations

The increasing urbanization of the greater Salt Lake City area (GSLA) has contributed to the development of an urban canopy over this area. This canopy refers to the effects of building profiles, varying land surface properties and anthropogenic heating on local meteorological conditions including temperature, humidity, and wind velocity. Urban Canopy Models (UCMs) can be used to represent these characteristics on a mesoscale without needing to develop models accounting for effects of individual buildings. One method used to classify urban areas are Local Climate Zones (LCZs), which assign different properties to different types of urban areas. A baseline model that …

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Predictive Modeling The Impact Of Engineered Products In Dynamic Sociotechnical Systems: An Agent-Based Approach, Christopher S. Mabey Jun 2023

Predictive Modeling The Impact Of Engineered Products In Dynamic Sociotechnical Systems: An Agent-Based Approach, Christopher S. Mabey

Theses and Dissertations

The impact of engineered products is a topic of increasing concern in society. The impact of a product can fall into the categories of economic, environmental, or social impact; the last category is defined as the effect of a product on the daily lives of people. Design teams lack sufficient tools to help improve the impact of products and understand the impact of products at scale in society. This dissertation aims to provide insight and methods for improving the social, environmental, and economic impact of engineered products. The majority of the research focuses on the prediction of product impacts on …

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